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Tektronix CTS 850 User Manual

Tektronix CTS 850 User Manual

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Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)
User Manual
CTS 850
Test Set
SDH/PDH, Jitter & Wander
070-9988-01
This document supports firmware version 2.8 and
above.

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  • Page 1 ® Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832) User Manual CTS 850 Test Set SDH/PDH, Jitter & Wander 070-9988-01 This document supports firmware version 2.8 and above.
  • Page 2 Copyright E Tektronix, Inc. 1998. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its suppliers and are protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227–7013, or subparagraphs (c)(1)
  • Page 3 Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located. Customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to any other locations.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    ....... . . 2–17 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 6 Performance Monitoring ......3–19 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 7 Setting the Transmit Rate ......3–72 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 8 Setting the Receive Rate ......3–120 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual viii...
  • Page 9 ..... 3–159 Jitter/Wander – Working with Test Setups ....3–159 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 10 ........3–222 Transmitting the K1 and K2 Bytes ..... . 3–227 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 11 ......3–270 Running Instrument Self Tests ......3–272 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 12 ....J–20 Appendix K: Cleaning Instructions ....K–1 Glossary and ITU–T Standards Index CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 13 ..2–23 Figure 2–19: Editing a Text String ..... 2–24 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xiii...
  • Page 14 ........3–17 Figure 3–7: Setup to Monitor Performance ... . . 3–20 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 15 ..... 3–74 Figure 3–30: CTS 850 in Through Mode ....
  • Page 16 Figure 3–55: RX CAS & Voice, Receive Settings Menu ..3–133 Figure 3–56: Setting PDH Mapping ....3–135 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 17 ........3–215 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xvii...
  • Page 18 Figure E–1: Front-Panel Status Lights ....E–1 Figure G–1: CTS 850 Rear Panel Connectors ... G–1 Figure G–2: The VGA Video Output Connector...
  • Page 19 ..J–25 Figure J–16: Functional definition of TDEV ... . J–25 Figure J–17: Example of TDEV wander measurement ..J–26 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 20 ... . 2–8 Table 2–2: CTS 850 Disk File Types ....2–25 Table 2–3: SDH Multiplexing Structure...

  • Page 21: Table 3-8: Payload Framing/ Source

    ....3–242 Table 3–43: Measurements Displayed as Bar Graphs ..3–244 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...
  • Page 22 ....... . G–7 Table G–8: Handset Interace Specifications ... . . G–8 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xxii...
  • Page 23 ....J–1 Table J–2: Synchronous Hierarchy ....J–2 CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xxiii...
  • Page 24 Table of Contents CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xxiv...
  • Page 25 Do Not Operate Without Covers To avoid electric shock or fire hazard, do not operate this product with covers or panels removed. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 26: Product Damage Precautions

    Provide Proper Ventilation To prevent product overheating, provide proper ventilation. Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures If you suspect there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xxvi...

  • Page 27: Safety Terms And Symbols

    CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product. Symbols on the Product The following symbols may appear on the product: Double DANGER Protective Ground ATTENTION Insulated High Voltage (Earth) Terminal Refer to Manual CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xxvii...
  • Page 28 CSA Certified Power Cords CSA Certification includes the products and power cords appropriate for use in the North America power network. All other power cords supplied are approved for the country of use. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xxviii...

  • Page 29: Basic Test Procedures

    Preface This manual describes how to use the Tektronix CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set. This paper–based manual, along with an accompanying user manual on CD–ROM, is your primary source of information about how the CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set functions. How This Manual is Organized The CTS850 information is divided into four sections: Getting Started, Operating Basics, Reference, and Appendices.
  • Page 30 Preface Conventions This manual uses the following conventions: The names of front-panel controls and menus appear in all upper case letters, for example, TRANSMIT and HELP. Names appear in the same case in this manual as they appear on the display of the CTS850, for example, Test Duration and USER DEFINED.

  • Page 31: Related Manuals

    Related Manuals The following documents are also available for CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set: The CTS850 SDH/PDH Reference Manual on CD (Tektronix part number 063–3013–01) contains all the user manual information, in a portable electronic document format. The CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set Programmer Manual (Tektronix part number 070-9990–XX) describes how to control the CTS850...
  • Page 32 1-800-TEK-WIDE (1-800-835-9433 ext. 2400) 6:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Pacific time Or contact us by e-mail: tm_app_supp@tek.com For product support outside of North America, contact your local Tektronix distributor or sales office. Service Contact your local Tektronix distributor or sales Support office.
  • Page 33 Getting Started...

  • Page 35: Product Description

    CTS850 for the first time. Product Description The Tektronix CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set is a rugged, portable test set designed for installing and maintaining telecommunications networks. The CTS850 is an SDH analyzer that combines bit error rate test capabilities with overhead testing, payload mapping, and demapping in one unit.

  • Page 36: Accessories

    Accessories Some accessories are included with the CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set. If you wish to purchase optional accessories or additional standard accessories, see a Tektronix products catalog or contact your local Tektronix field representative. Standard Accessories H CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual, Tektronix part number 070-9988-XX H CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set Reference Manual on CD–ROM,...

  • Page 37: Optional Accessories

    H Pouch (to hold printer, user manual, etc.) Tektronix part number 016-1266-XX Optional Accessories H CTS 850 SDH Test Set Service Manual (Tektronix part number 070-9991-XX) H Electrical STS–0E/1E and STM–1 Plug–in (Standard) H FC, SC or ST Optical Connectors H 1.6/1.5 connectors for all 75 Ohm BNC front panel connectors...

  • Page 38: Table 1-1: Where To Find Information

    The following table shows you where to quickly find the section that answers your particular test & measurement questions. In order to get you going as fast as possible with the CTS 850 test set, the paper–based user manual focuses solely on Getting Started information.

  • Page 39: Setting Test Control Parameters

    Getting Started Table 1–1: Where to Find Information in this User Manual (Cont.) Look in this part of the manual: If you want to know how to: Set RX (SDH, PDH) (reference manual–on–CD only) Set receive line rate; specify the AU under test; Setting SDH Receive set payload mapping and content;...

  • Page 40: Pass/Fail Tests

    Getting Started Table 1–1: Where to Find Information in this User Manual (Cont.) Look in this part of the manual: If you want to know how to: Appendices (reference manual–on–CD only) Review available menu choices; Navigate menus Menu Maps, Appendix A Interpret Status &...

  • Page 41: First Time Operation

    Getting Started First Time Operation This section describes how to set up the CTS850 for the first time. Installing the Accessory Pouch The CTS850 ships with an accessory pouch that mounts on top of the instrument. The pouch is not installed at the factory. To install the accessory pouch: 1.

  • Page 42: Figure 1-1: Installing The Accessory Pouch

    Getting Started Rear Panel Trim Gap Pouch Plate Velcro Strip Pouch Plate Rear Panel Trim (Top View) A. Push the pouch plate into the rear panel trim gap. Key Slots Under Rear Panel Trim B. Center the pouch plate to align with key slot under the rear panel trim. Figure 1–1: Installing the Accessory Pouch CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 1–8...

  • Page 43: Figure 1-2: Inserting The Pouch Under The Front Panel Trim

    Getting Started CAUTION. In the next step, use only enough force to clear the front panel trim with the plate front edge. Excessive force will cause a permanent bow in the plate. 6. Push back on the pouch plate and press down with the heels of your hands to bow the plate enough to slide the front of the plate into the space between the cabinet top and the front panel trim (see Figure 1–2).

  • Page 44: Figure 1-3: Location Of The D-Ring On The Accessory Pouch

    Getting Started DO NOT LIFT Instrument With D-Ring Figure 1–3: Location of the D-Ring on the Accessory Pouch CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 1–10...

  • Page 45: Setting Up The Cts 850

    Getting Started Setting Up the CTS850 Before you use the CTS850, ensure that it is properly set up and powered on. To properly set up the CTS850, do the following: 1. Be sure that the environment in which you will operate the CTS850 is within instrument specifications.

  • Page 46: Figure 1-4: Rear-Panel Controls And Connectors Used In Setup

    See page 2–4 in the next chapter for a labeling of what each rear panel connector is. See the appendix on Rear Panel Connections for a more comprehensive explanation of the rear panel connectors. Table 1–2: Fuse and Fuse Cap Part Numbers Fuse Tektronix Fuse Cap Tektronix Part Number Part Number Fuse 159-0046-XX 200-2264-XX 0.25 in...

  • Page 47: Table 1-3: Power Requirements

    1. Press the front panel ON/STBY button (see figure 1–5). The ON/STBY button controls power to all instrument circuits. The CTS 850 performs an internal self–test each time it is turned on. When turned on, it displays a screen that states whether or not it passed the self–test.

  • Page 48: Figure 1-5: On/Stby Button

    Getting Started CTS850 SDH Test Set ON/STBY Button Figure 1–5: ON/STBY Button Turning Off the CTS850 Press the ON/STBY button to turn off the CTS850. CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 1–14...
  • Page 49 Operating Basics...

  • Page 51: Functional Overview

    H Connecting signals H Parameter selection and editing H Disk drive operation This section also details conceptual information important to the use of the CTS 850, in particular: H Difference between Synchronous, Plesiochronous, and Asynchronous H PDH Hierarchy H Definitions – Anomaly, Defect, Failure and Alarm...

  • Page 52: Figure 2-1: Controls Located Around The Display

    Functional Overview Front-Panel Controls, Indicators, and Connectors Figures 2–1 and 2–2 identify the controls, indicators, and connectors located on the front panel of the CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set. These buttons assign the displayed choice to the selected parameter or execute the selected action. CTS850 SDH Test Set ON/STBY switch These buttons select the...

  • Page 53: Figure 2-2: Front-Panel Controls, Indicators, And Connectors

    Functional Overview Each of these buttons performs a specific function. Disk drive The knob is 2 Mb/s Balanced primarily used Connectors to highlight (optional) parameters within pages. STATUS Status Lights SIGNAL PRESENT PATTERN LOCK 2 Mb/s, 8 Mb/s, These buttons PDH–AIS 34 Mb/s, 45 Mb/s, select one of...

  • Page 54: Figure 2-3: Rear-Panel Controls And Connectors

    Functional Overview Rear-Panel Controls and Connectors See the appendix on Rear Panel Connections for a more comprehen- sive explanation of the rear panel connectors. BITS OUT J/CLK RS-232 J/CLK ANALOG AC Power Video (Connector Port Ground Connector Output Not Used) Handset port AC Fuse DC Fuse...

  • Page 55: Figure 2-4: Status Lights

    Functional Overview H Red status lights. When a red status light is on, it means that the indicated event is occurring. When the red light is off, no event is occurring. H Yellow history lights. Once an event has been detected, a yellow history light is turned on.

  • Page 56: Figure 2-5: Major Areas Of The Display

    Functional Overview Reading the Display There are several major areas that make up the CTS850 display (see Figure 2–5). This area displays the contents of the different pages of each menu. Some pages display control parameters; some pages display test results. The menu name appears here;...

  • Page 57: Figure 2-6: Specific Elements Of The Display

    Functional Overview Figure 2–6 provides a guide to specific areas of the display. Highlighted parameters can be Choices or actions changed; dimmed parameters available for the cannot be changed under the selected parameter current setup. Received Signal Test Transmitted Menu Test State Highlighted Status...

  • Page 58: Table 2-1: Icons That Appear In The Display

    Functional Overview Table 2–1: Icons that Appear in the Display Icon Meaning Transmitted signal Received signal CTS850 is in through mode CTS850 is in coupled mode Use the knob Not allowed File stored on disk File stored in memory Message or warning identifier Press the button to perform the indicated action The CTS850 is busy CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual...

  • Page 59: Figure 2-7: The Five Menus

    Functional Overview The Basic Menu Structure The CTS850 is controlled primarily through its menu system. Though several controls are located on the front panel, such as INSERT ERROR, most functions are controlled from one of the five menus. Figure 2–7 shows the five menus. Figure 2–7: The Five Menus CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 2–9...
  • Page 60 Functional Overview What is a Menu? A menu groups related functions together. For example, all settings that affect the signal transmitted by the CTS850 are located in the TRANSMIT menu. Each menu is made up of pages. A page is identified by a page tab located at the bottom of the display (see Figure 2–8).

  • Page 61: Figure 2-8: Menus And Pages

    Functional Overview TEST SETUPS Test Recall Recall Save Save Jitter Control Instrument Pass/Fail Instrument Pass/Fail Tests Settings Tests Setups Tests TRANSMIT Transmit 64k Tx Defects & Pointers & Jitter & –More– Settings Settings Anomalies Timing Wander 1 of 2 Commands Transmit Section Path...

  • Page 62: Figure 2-9: Menu Select Buttons

    Functional Overview NOTE. The only time pressing a menu button does not change menus is when a dialog box is displayed or when you are entering a value for a parameter. You must first exit the dialog box or finish entering the value before you can change menus.

  • Page 63: Figure 2-10: How To Display A Page

    Functional Overview Selecting Pages To select a page within a menu, press the button beneath the page tab located at the bottom of the display (see Figure 2–10). Page Tab Display the page by pressing the button below the page tab. Figure 2–10: How to Display a Page CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 2–13...

  • Page 64: Figure 2-11: Help Dialog Box

    Functional Overview Displaying Help To display help, press the HELP front-panel button. When the HELP dialog box appears, use the knob to select the topic you wish to view (see Figure 2–11). After you select the topic to view, select View Help to see the help screen. Figure 2–11: Help Dialog Box Once you press View Help, the help screen for that topic is displayed.

  • Page 65: Connecting Signals

    Class 1 limits, we recommend eye protection as a precaution. NOTE. When performing a loopback test with the CTS 850 and using the 1550 nm laser, always use 10 dB of attenuation. Always pad the input level to less than –...

  • Page 66: Connecting Sdh Electrical Signals

    For detailed information on the AUTOSCAN function, see Checking Signal Status in Chapter 3– Reference. One limitation to be aware of is when the CTS 850 autoscans a TU. It is unable to directly recognize signals created by lower–rate PDH signals (but can in later Autoscan steps).

  • Page 67: Figure 2-12: Selecting A Parameter

    Functional Overview Changing Parameters Most of the menu pages in the CTS850 contain parameters (or settings) that you can change. The choices available for a parameter appear in four ways (examples in parentheses): H As a list (Test Pattern: PRBS 2^23–1, PRBS 2^20–1, ...) H As a decimal number (Frequency Offset: 74.3 ppm) H As a binary number (Z1 Byte: 10101111) H As a text string (File Name: TEST_34)

  • Page 68: Figure 2-13: Selecting Choices From A List

    Functional Overview Selecting from Lists Most parameters have a group of choices available. The choices are presented as a list, located along the right side of the display. Press the button next to the choice to assign that choice to the highlighted parameter.

  • Page 69: Figure 2-14: Selecting User Defined

    Functional Overview Changing Decimal Numbers Some parameters allow you to set a numeric value for them. For these parameters, preset choices are always provided to save you time. However, if the preset choices are not appropriate for your needs, you can set specific values by selecting the USER DEFINED choice (see Figure 2–14).

  • Page 70: Figure 2-15: Entering A Numeric Value

    Functional Overview Selecting this choice allows the knob Turning the knob to make large changes quickly. changes this value. Selecting this choice allows the knob to make small changes. You must select DONE to exit the edit mode. Figure 2–15: Entering a Numeric Value After you press USER DEFINED, the CTS850 enters edit mode.

  • Page 71: Figure 2-16: Selecting A Byte For Editing

    Functional Overview Changing Binary Numbers There are two kinds of binary numbers that can be changed in the CTS850: payload patterns and overhead bytes. As with other numerical values, you can select preset values or enter specific values by selecting Edit Byte. To change a byte: 1.

  • Page 72: Figure 2-17: Editing A Byte

    Functional Overview 3. To change the value of the highlighted bit, select either 1 or 0. Each time you select 1 or 0, the highlighted bit is changed and the highlight moves to the next bit. 4. To select a different bit for editing, select either the right or left arrow to move the highlight.

  • Page 73: Figure 2-18: Selecting A Text String For Editing

    Functional Overview Select the text string to edit by using the knob. Select EDIT TEXT to edit the specified text string. Figure 2–18: Selecting a Text String for Editing Text strings (not file names) may contain both upper– and lower– case characters.

  • Page 74: Figure 2-19: Editing A Text String

    Functional Overview 4. To enter the selected character, select Enter <character>. To delete a character already entered, use the arrows to highlight the character. Select Delete to delete the character. 5. When you are finished editing the text string, select DONE. The characters available depend on the Turning the knob selects the text string being edited.

  • Page 75: Table 2-2: Cts850 Disk File Types

    Functional Overview Working with the Disk Drive Use the disk drive in the CTS850 to save instrument setups, pass/fail tests, measurement results and measurement histories. The CTS850 reads disks formatted in MS-DOS format. It reads only 1.44 MB disks. The CTS850 does not format disks. Files written to disk consist of four types, as shown in Table 2–2.

  • Page 76: Reading Files On Disk

    Functional Overview Reading Files on Disk You can display disk file names in three places: the RECALL INSTRUMENT SETUPS page and the RECALL PASS/FAIL TESTS page of the TEST SETUPS menu, and the RECALL RESULTS page of the RESULTS menu. To view instrument setups files on a disk: 1.

  • Page 77: Synchronous, Plesiochronous, Asynchronous

    Functional Overview Synchronous, Plesiochronous, Asynchronous To understand correctly the concepts and details of SDH, it is important to be clear about the meaning of Synchronous, Plesiochro- nous, and Asynchronous. In a set of Synchronous signals, the digital transitions in the signals occur at exactly the same rate.

  • Page 78: Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (Pdh)

    Functional Overview Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) Traditionally, digital transmission systems and hierarchies have been based on multiplexing signals which are plesiochronous (running at almost the same speed). Also, various parts of the world use different hierarchies which lead to problems of international interworking, for example, between those countries using 1.544 Mbit/s systems (U.S.A.

  • Page 79: Anomaly, Defect, Failure, Alarm

    Functional Overview Anomaly, Defect, Failure, Alarm Anomaly – The smallest discrepancy which can be observed between the actual and desired characteristics of an item. The occurrence of a single anomaly does not constitute an interruption in the ability to perform a required function. Defect –...
  • Page 80 The notations in the boxes, such as C–1, VC–3, and AU–4, are explained in the table after the figure. Not all containers and rates shown in this figure are specifically handled by the CTS 850 test unit. At the lowest level, containers (C) are input to virtual containers (VC).

  • Page 81: Table 2-3: Sdh Multiplexing Structure

    Functional Overview Figure 2–21: SDH Multiplexing Hierarchy Table 2–3: SDH Multiplexing Structure Term Contents Description C–n n = 1 to 4 payload at lowest multiplexing level VC–n n = 1,2 single C–n plus VC POH VC–n n = 3,4 C–n, TUG–2s or TU–3s, plus POH for the specific level TU–n n = 1 to 3...
  • Page 82 Functional Overview Map/ Demap For the CTS 850, this term refers to putting PDH signals into and getting PDH signals out of a SDH signal. Multiplex/ Demultiplex Multiplex (MUX) – To transmit two or more signals over a single channel. Demultiplex (DEMUX) – To separate two or more signals previously combined by compatible multiplexing equipment.

  • Page 83: Mbit/S Map/Demap Implementation

    (Option 55), the following is an overview of what the 45 Mb/s option offers. To determine if Option 55 is present in the CTS 850 test set, press the Utility button on the front panel, then press the Instrument Configuration (INST CONFIG) softkey. In the menu that is displayed after pressing this button and softkey, there is a line that says Options.
  • Page 84 Functional Overview Mbit/s or RX and TX at any of the existing PDH rates, but 45 Mbit/s and 2/8/34/140 Mbit/s cannot be turn simultaneously. The framing for 45 Mbit/s is C–Bit, M13 or Unframed. From the user interface, external add will be handled as a framing option, in the same manner as the other PDH rates are handled.

  • Page 85: Tutorial

    Tutorial The tutorial acquaints you with the features of the CTS850 by having you run a test while you explore specific features of the CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set. For full details on how to use the CTS850, refer to Chapter 3– Reference. The tutorial presents procedures in tables.

  • Page 86: Before Turning On The Cts 850

    H Check to see that the CTS850 is turned off. Connect the coaxial cable between the TRANSMIT and RECEIVE BNC connectors on the front panel (see Figure 2–22). CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set 75 W coaxial cable Figure 2–22: Setup for the Tutorial Press the ON/STBY button to turn on the CTS850.

  • Page 87: Setting Transmit Parameters

    Tutorial Before proceeding with the tutorial, initialize the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS RECALL DEFAULT Recall Setup INSTRUMENT FACTORY SETUPS SETTINGS Setting Transmit Parameters Before beginning the BER test, set the transmit and receive parameters.

  • Page 88: Setting Receive Parameters

    Tutorial To set the payload and the test pattern: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice Payload Bulk (Equipped) Test Pattern PRBS 2^20–1 Setting Receive Parameters You can set receive parameters two ways. The first way is to set the parameters individually: display the RECEIVE menu and set each parameter manually on the RECEIVE SETTINGS page.

  • Page 89: Setting The Test Time

    Tutorial Setting the Test Time Before beginning the BER test, you must specify the duration of the test. To set the duration of the test: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS TEST CONTROL Test Duration 15 min (see Figure 2–24) Figure 2–24: The TEST CONTROL Page of the TEST SETUPS Menu...

  • Page 90: Figure 2–25: The Test Summary Page Of The Results Menu

    Tutorial To display the RESULTS menu: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice RESULTS TEST Summary none none The TEST SUMMARY page contains a summary of the current or most recent test (see Figure 2–25). Just below the menu name is information about the current or most recent test.

  • Page 91: Begin The Test

    Tutorial Figure 2–26: SDH Results, SDH Section Defects, from RESULTS menu The SDH or PDH RESULTS page contains a listing of the different errors that can occur. Since you have not started your test yet, the values are those of the last test run. To continue with the test setup, select TEST SUMMARY.

  • Page 92: Inserting Errors

    Tutorial Figure 2–27: The Message Line and Test Status Indicator Inserting Errors Now that the test is running, you will insert some errors and see how the CTS850 responds. To set the error insertion parameters, first display the Defects & Anomalies page as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight...

  • Page 93: Figure 2–28: The Defects & Anomalies Page Of The Transmit Menu

    Tutorial Figure 2–28: The Defects & Anomalies Page of the TRANSMIT Menu There are two ways to insert errors into the transmitted signal. You can insert errors one at a time or you can set a rate at which the CTS850 inserts errors automatically.

  • Page 94: Adjusting Pointers

    Tutorial other than None results in a continuous stream of errors being inserted into the transmitted signal. To insert a single error, press the INSERT ERROR button located on the front panel. When you press the INSERT ERROR button the red ERROR light flashes.
  • Page 95 Tutorial To display the POINTERS & TIMING page: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TRANSMIT POINTERS & none none TIMING (see Figure 2–29) Figure 2–29: Example of Pointers & Timing Page of TRANSMIT Menu Before adjusting a pointer, you must decide what mode of pointer movement to use.
  • Page 96 Tutorial After selecting Single for pointer control, a message displays that tells you how to adjust the pointer. Pointer movement alternates between increment and decrement. To adjust a pointer, press the POINTER ACTION button on the front panel of the test set. Each time you press the POINTER ACTION button, a pointer adjusts and the POINTER ACTION light turns on.
  • Page 97 Tutorial To change the frequency offset of the signal: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice Frequency Offset Stress +4.6ppm If the preset choices do not match what you need, use USER DEFINED to define an alternative. To define a specific frequency offset: Press Menu Select Menu...

  • Page 98: Figure 2–30: Adjusting Frequency Offset Using The Knob

    Tutorial Figure 2–30: Adjusting Frequency Offset Using the Knob Use the knob to change the value of Frequency Offset; select any value you wish. When you are finished selecting a frequency offset: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice DONE To turn off frequency offset:...

  • Page 99: Viewing Section Overhead

    Tutorial Viewing Section Overhead The CTS850 allows you to view the section overhead for the transmitted or received signal. To view the section overhead for the transmitted signal, press the MORE 1of 2 Key softkey at the bottom of the test set screen, in order to see more choices: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight...

  • Page 100: Editing The Section Overhead

    Tutorial Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice Showing Cols 1, 4, 7 Overhead for Editing the Section Overhead Except for certain reserved bytes, you can edit the bytes of the section overhead of the transmitted signal. Reserved bytes are identified by asterisks (*) in the byte content area of the displayed column.

  • Page 101: Figure 2–32: The Display In Edit Mode

    Tutorial Figure 2–32: The Display in Edit Mode To change the value of any bit within the byte, highlight the bit you wish to change. To change the value of the highlighted bit, select either 1 or 0. After you assign a value to the highlighted bit, the highlight moves to the next bit to be edited.

  • Page 102: Viewing Test Results

    Tutorial Verify that the section overhead for columns 1, 4, and 7 is displayed. If it is not: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice Showing Cols 1, 4, 7 Overhead for Look at the value of the S1 byte. You will see that it is 10101010, as previously set.

  • Page 103: Figure 2–33: The Test Summary Page Of The Results Menu

    Tutorial Figure 2–33: The TEST SUMMARY Page of the RESULTS Menu The SDH or PDH RESULTS page displays all the errors that have been detected. It also displays the error ratio and the number of errored seconds that have been logged (see the following figure). To display the SDH or PDH RESULTS page: Press Menu Select Menu...
  • Page 104 Tutorial Figure 2–34: SDH Results, SDH Section Defects, from RESULTS menu This completes the tutorial. For detailed information on CTS850 capabilities, refer to Chapter 3 – Reference. CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 2–54...
  • Page 105 Reference...
  • Page 107 Basic Test Procedures This section gives examples of how to set up and use the CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set for several common telecommunication network applications: H Network continuity checking H Transmission signal quality testing H Fault tolerance testing H Performance monitoring H Jitter and wander testing H Video timing quality testing Setting Up the CTS850...
  • Page 108 CTS850 receives the output from the NE and verifies that the AU-4, including its payload patterns, is intact. 1. Connect the CTS850 to the NE as shown in Figure 3–1. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set All Signals are STM-1E One or More SDH NEs Figure 3–1: Setup to Check Network Continuity...
  • Page 109 Basic Test Procedures 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS RECALL DEFAULT Recall Setup INSTRUMENT FACTORY SETUPS SETTINGS TRANSMIT TRANSMIT Transmit Rate STM-1E SETTINGS 3. Press the AUTOSCAN button. The receiver locks onto the output from the NE, displays the signal structure, and shows information about the content of AU #1.
  • Page 110 Basic Test Procedures CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set All Signals are STM-1E One or More SDH NEs Figure 3–2: Setup to Check a Transmission Link CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 3–4...
  • Page 111 Basic Test Procedures 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS RECALL DEFAULT Recall Setup INSTRUMENT FACTORY SETUPS SETTINGS TRANSMIT TRANSMIT Transmit Rate STM-1E SETTINGS Payload Bulk Fill (Equipped) Tx/Rx Setup Coupled TEST SETUPS...
  • Page 112 The following map/demap procedure applies to all PDH rates in the CTS 850 test set: 2 Mb/s, 8 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s 45 Mb/s and 140 Mb/s. The example is written in terms of a 2 Mb/s signal, but the basic test procedure would be the same in all other PDH rates.
  • Page 113 Basic Test Procedures CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set 2 Mb/s or any PDH rate STM–1 2 Mb/s or any PDH rate Add/Drop Mux Figure 3–3: Setup to Test Mapping and Demapping CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 3–7...
  • Page 114 Basic Test Procedures 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS RECALL DEFAULT Recall Setup INSTRUMENT FACTORY SETUPS SETTINGS TRANSMIT TRANSMIT Transmit Rate 2 Mb/s or any SETTINGS PDH rate RECEIVE RECEIVE Receive Rate...
  • Page 115 Basic Test Procedures 4. When the test is complete, you can store the test results to disk or print out a hardcopy. To save the test results to disk, you must enter a name for the disk file as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight...

  • Page 116: Table 3-1: Lte Responses To Errors And Alarms

    HP RDI none HP RDI MS RDI AU AIS 1. Connect two CTS850s to an LTE as shown in Figure 3–4. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set All Signals are STM-1E Downstream Upstream Figure 3–4: Setup to Check Error and Alarm Response CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 3–10...
  • Page 117 Basic Test Procedures 2. To check the LTE response to an RS B1 error, set up the upstream CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS RECALL DEFAULT Recall Setup INSTRUMENT FACTORY SETUPS SETTINGS TRANSMIT TRANSMIT...
  • Page 118 Defects 4. Press the START/STOP buttons on both the upstream and downstream CTS 850 units so that the START/STOP lights are 5. Verify that RS B1 BIP errors are counted in the SDH RESULTS display of the upstream CTS850.
  • Page 119 Basic Test Procedures 9. Change the downstream CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice Results Main Results SDH Defects none 10. Press the START/STOP buttons on both the upstream and downstream CTS850 units so that the START/STOP lights are on. 11.
  • Page 120 Basic Test Procedures 15. Change the downstream CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice RESULTS SDH RESULTS none Anomalies 16. Press the START/STOP buttons on both the upstream and downstream CTS850 units so that the START/STOP lights are on. 17.
  • Page 121 Basic Test Procedures CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set All Signals are STM-1E Figure 3–5: Setup to Check Pointer Movements CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 3–15...
  • Page 122 Basic Test Procedures 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS RECALL DEFAULT Recall Setup INSTRUMENT FACTORY SETUPS SETTINGS TRANSMIT TRANSMIT Transmit Rate STM-1E SETTINGS Tx/Rx Setup Coupled TRANSMIT POINTERS &...
  • Page 123 NE to another. In this example, the CTS850 transmits a signal at an offset line frequency to an NE and measures the response. 1. Connect the CTS850 to an NE as shown in Figure 3–6. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set All Signals are STM-1E Figure 3–6: Setup to Check Line Frequency Offset Response...
  • Page 124 Basic Test Procedures 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS RECALL DEFAULT Recall Setup INSTRUMENT FACTORY SETUPS SETTINGS TRANSMIT TRANSMIT Transmit Rate STM-1E SETTINGS Tx/Rx Setup Coupled TRANSMIT POINTERS &...
  • Page 125 Basic Test Procedures Performance Monitoring When a new line is installed you may want to monitor performance for a day or so to be sure it is operating correctly. Or, if problems are suspected on a line, you may want to run a long test to determine the cause of the problem.
  • Page 126 Basic Test Procedures CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set All Signals are STM-1 Figure 3–7: Setup to Monitor Performance 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS RECALL DEFAULT Recall Setup...
  • Page 127 Basic Test Procedures Multiplexer Section, Path, or Payload errors by pressing the buttons corresponding to those choices. 5. To see network performance data since the start of the test presented in graphical form, change the CTS850 setup as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button...
  • Page 128 Basic Test Procedures 7. For example, to change the bottom graph to display the history of Path B3 Errored Seconds, change the CTS850 setup as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice RESULTS HISTORY none Change Bottom GRAPHS turn the knob to Path B3 Errored...
  • Page 129 Basic Test Procedures Jitter/Wander Testing With the CTS850 jitter generation and analysis capability, it is easy to run the following automated ITU jitter conformance tests: H Jitter Tolerance H Jitter Transfer H Output Jitter (Jitter Generation) H Pointer Jitter This section shows examples of the jitter tolerance, jitter transfer and video timing quality tests.
  • Page 130 CTS850 plots the jitter frequency and amplitude on a graph and compares it to a mask you can choose. 1. Connect the CTS850 to the network element as shown in Figure 3–8. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set These two signals are STM–1E Figure 3–8: Setup to Check Onset-of-Errors Jitter Tolerance...
  • Page 131 As the test is running, the jitter tolerance graph is displayed on the screen. The results of each frequency point will also be displayed. The test stops automatically after it has completed. The CTS 850 will also display whether the test passed or failed.
  • Page 132 BER to measure the amount of jitter that is equivalent to a 1 dB loss of signal power at the optical input of a network element. 1. Connect the CTS850 to the network element as shown in Figure 3–9. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set All Signals are STM-1 Variable optical attenuator Figure 3–9: Setup to Check 1 dB Power Penalty Jitter Tolerance...
  • Page 133 Basic Test Procedures 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TRANSMIT JITTER & Jitter Output Line WANDER TEST SETUPS JITTER TESTS Test Type Jitter Tolerance Test Control Edit Setup Mask Type as appropriate Start Frequency as appropriate...
  • Page 134 Basic Test Procedures The CTS850 applies progressively increasing jitter to the input until the Current BER reaches the threshold you set. At that time, the test stops automatically and the results are displayed. Testing Clock-to-Line Jitter Transfer This test measures the transfer function for jitter in the output of a network element relative to jitter in its clock.
  • Page 135 Basic Test Procedures 2 MHz G.703 clock from J/CLK OUT CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set Clock input All Signals are STM-1E Figure 3–10: Setup to Check Clock-to-Line Jitter Transfer CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 3–29...
  • Page 136 Basic Test Procedures 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TRANSMIT JITTER & Jitter Output MHz G.703 WANDER RECEIVE JITTER & Jitter Input Line WANDER Source TEST SETUPS JITTER TESTS Test Type Jitter Transfer Test Control...
  • Page 137 The CTS850 generates a SDH signal containing a sequence of pointer movements. The CTS850 analyzes the timing of the dropped 34 Mb/s signal. 1. Connect the CTS850 to the network element as shown in Figure 3–11. CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set 34 Mb/s STM-1 34 Mb/s Add/Drop Mux Figure 3–11: Setup to Check Video Timing Quality...
  • Page 138 Basic Test Procedures 2. Set up the CTS850 as follows: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TRANSMIT TRANSMIT Transmit Rate STM-1E SETTINGS Structure TU3 Async TRANSMIT JITTER & Jitter Output Line WANDER TRANSMIT POINTERS & Pointer/Timing Pointer TIMING Mode...
  • Page 139 Navigation – CTS 850 paper–based manual & CD–ROM There is a deliberate gap between Basic Testing, which ends on page 3–32, and the next section Jitter & Wander, which begins on page 3–155. In order to get you going as fast as possible with the CTS850 SDH/ PDH Test Set, the paper–based user manual focuses solely on...
  • Page 140 Navigation – Paper–based manual and CD–ROM Where to Find Information in this User Manual (Cont.) Look in this part of the manual: If you want to know how to: Set TX (SDH, PDH) (reference manual–on–CD only) Set transmit rate; specify the AU under test; set Setting SDH Transmit the payload mapping and content;...
  • Page 141 Navigation – Paper–based manual and CD–ROM Where to Find Information in this User Manual (Cont.) Look in this part of the manual: If you want to know how to: Change date and time settings, printer settings, Changing Instrument GPIB, RS–232 parameters. Run a self–test Settings, Chapter 3 View, Print, Save &...
  • Page 142 Navigation – Paper–based manual and CD–ROM Where to Find Information in this User Manual (Cont.) Look in this part of the manual: If you want to know how to: Review telecommunications Telecommunications technology used by the test set Technology, Appendix J Look up word meanings in Glossary;...

  • Page 143: Setting Jitter Or Wander Generation

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters This section gives examples of how to work with Jitter/Wander test setups; Setting Jitter or Wander Generation; Setting Jitter Receive Parameters; and, Calibrating Jitter Systems. Refer also to the Telecommunications Technology section within the Appendices (located on reference–on–CD) for theory of operation information on Jitter &...

  • Page 144: Setting Sdh Receive Parameters

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Figure 3–76: Example of TEST SETUP, Jitter & Wander screen Before selecting a jitter test, set the specific jitter generation and measurement rates and payloads required by the test. For example, to perform an output jitter test on an STM–1 signal, set the receive line rate to STM–1 before selecting test setups.
  • Page 145 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters 2. If the jitter test requires the CTS850 to generate jitter, use the TRANSMIT menu to set the transmit parameters that are appropriate for the signal you will be generating. Refer to Setting SDH Transmit Parameters for information about this topic. 3.
  • Page 146 STM–4 G.825, G.958 (Type A), G.958 (Type B) * If your CTS 850 test set supports the 45 Mb/s option. The CTS850 modulates the transmitted line or clock frequency with sinusoidal jitter. The jitter generator begins at the start frequency and stops at the end frequency.
  • Page 147 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters 3. The available end frequencies are dependent on the current transmit rate. To set the end frequency for the jitter generator: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS JITTER TESTS End Frequency as appropriate 4.
  • Page 148 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters 6. If you selected Onset of Errors, skip to step 12. If you selected BER Penalty, continue with step 7 (see the following figure). Figure 3–77: Example of TEST SETUP, Jitter Tests, BER Method 7. The CTS850 must be connected to a network element through an optical attenuator.
  • Page 149 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters 10. When the Current BER equals the Recommended BER to within an order of magnitude: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS JITTER TESTS Record Error Record BER Threshold 11. Increase the receive level by 1.0 dB (that is, reduce the attenuation by 1.0 dB).
  • Page 150 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters 3. The available end frequencies are dependent on the current transmit rate. To set the end frequency for the jitter generator: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS JITTER TESTS End Frequency as appropriate 4.
  • Page 151 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters 7. To calibrate a 0 dB baseline: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TEST SETUPS JITTER TESTS Action Calibrate 8. Press the START/STOP button to run the 0 dB baseline calibration routine. This takes about 3 minutes. 9.
  • Page 152 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Output Jitter Test. Follow these steps to set up an output jitter test. 1. Set Test Type to Output Jitter. The recommended time duration for an output jitter test is one minute. To set the test duration to one minute (or any other duration of your choice),: Press Menu Select Menu...
  • Page 153 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Saving and Recalling Results You can save one jitter test result to disk and recall that one test result for later display and analysis. If you want to save test results permanently, you must save the test results to a disk. The CTS850 saves each type of jitter test result with a unique file-name extension.
  • Page 154 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Setting Jitter or Wander Generation To test the response of a network to jitter, you may need to generate SDH signals, PDH signals, or clock signals that contain jitter. You can use the CTS850 to generate any of these signals with a controlled amount of jitter.
  • Page 155 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters NOTE. The jitter compliance tests, available through the JITTER TESTS page of the TEST SETUPS menu, automatically set the jitter generation parameters needed for the test. When you use the jitter compliance tests, you do not need to set the controls described below. Periodic calibration of the jitter generation system is recommended to maintain best accuracy.
  • Page 156 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Selecting the Jitter Output To select the signal that you want to apply generated jitter to: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TRANSMIT JITTER & Jitter Output Line WANDER Clock 0.8 V 2 MHz G.703 H Select Line to enable generated jitter on the transmitted line (SDH signal or PDH signal) that comes out of the front panel.
  • Page 157 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters To set an independent frequency offset for the Jitter Clock Output: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TRANSMIT JITTER & Jitter Output Clock 0.8V WANDER Jitter Clock Offset as appropriate Setting the Jitter Frequency and Amplitude The generated jitter is a sinusoidal modulation of the nominal line or clock rate.
  • Page 158 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters To set the modulation amplitude (in unit intervals): Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice TRANSMIT JITTER & Jitter Amplitude 300.00 UI (Max) WANDER 150.00 UI (Max/2) 0.0 UI H Select USER DEFINED to specify a jitter amplitude different from the predefined choices.

  • Page 159: Setting Jitter Receive Parameters

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Setting Jitter Receive Parameters You can set the CTS850 to measure jitter or wander on incoming SDH signals, PDH signals, or clock signals. First, set the jitter receive parameters below. Then, you can view jitter or wander measurement results in the Jitter &...

  • Page 160: Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Selecting the Jitter Mode To select the jitter measurement mode: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice RECEIVE JITTER & Jitter Mode Peak-Peak WANDER H Select Peak-Peak to make peak-to-peak jitter measurements. H Select RMS to make RMS jitter measurements. If you select RMS, the only available input filter is a 12 kHz high-pass filter.

  • Page 161: Selecting The Jitter Range

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Selecting the Jitter Range The jitter range determines the maximum measureable jitter and the resolution of the measurement. To select the range: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice RECEIVE JITTER & Jitter Range Normal WANDER Extended...
  • Page 162 Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Fullband Wideband Highband Amplitude Frequency Figure 3–80: Jitter High–Pass Filters To select the jitter input filter: Press Menu Select Highlight Parame- Button Menu Page Select Choice RECEIVE JITTER & Jitter Measurement Wideband WANDER Filter Highband Fullband H Select Wideband to measure jitter using the wideband measure- ment filter (500 Hz –...

  • Page 163: Setting The Jitter Hit Threshold

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters NOTE. Separate Highband National and Highband Standard settings are available for the 2 Mb/s rate, as referenced in the ITU–T standards. If you select the Fullband jitter input filter, perform the following steps to set the filter high-pass frequency: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight...

  • Page 164: Setting The Pointer Hit Threshold

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters To set the jitter hit threshold: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice RECEIVE JITTER & Jitter Hit as appropriate WANDER Threshold H Select USER DEFINED to specify a jitter hit threshold different from the predefined choices. Setting the Pointer Hit Threshold The pointer event threshold (available for PDH rates) determines the sensitivity of the Jitter Pointer Hits measurement, which is based on...

  • Page 165: Examples Of Jitter Measurements

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Example of Jitter Measurements The RESULTS screen for Jitter/ Timing Quality follows. Figure 3–81: RESULTS, Jitter and Timing Quality CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 3–181...

  • Page 166: Examples Of Wander Measurements

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Example of Wander Measurements The “max” value shows the maximum peak–to–peak, positive peak, and negative peak since the beginning of the measurement. When measuring wander, it is necessary to synchronize the test to an external timing source. This can be done by connecting a 2.048 MHz clock signal to the rear panel timing input and selecting the appropriate timing source under the TRANSMIT settings.

  • Page 167: Calibrating Jitter Systems

    You can calibrate one particular rate by selecting the appropriate calibration routine. If your CTS 850 test set supports a 45 Mb/s rate, this screen below will show that rate in addition to all the others displayed. Figure 3–83: Example of UTILITY, Jitter Calibration CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual 3–183...

  • Page 168: Executing Jitter Calibration

    Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters Executing Jitter Calibration To calibrate the jitter measurement system: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page Parameter Select Choice UTILITY CALIBRATION System Jitter Measurement Routine Calibration Control To calibrate the jitter generation system: Press Menu Select Menu Highlight Button Page...
  • Page 169 Index...
  • Page 171 Index Alternate, Pointer Direction, 3–195 Check other sources for finding Analysis Configuration (Rx), information within this 3–133 CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set user Anomaly, definition, 2–29 manual: Navigation of Manual Asynchronous, 2–27 table on page 1–4; Menu Maps beginning on page A–1; and, AU Under Test, specifying Table of Contents located in the TX Settings, 3–79...
  • Page 172 Index POINTER ACTION, 3–195 Day, Test Duration, 3–35 PRINT, 3–265 Decrement, Pointer Direction, START/STOP, 2–2, 3–37 3–195 default settings, C–1 Defects & Anomalies, 3–185 Defect, definition, 2–29 disk drive, 2–25 CAS and Voice, RX, 3–156 disk file names, reading, 2–26 CLEAR HISTORY button, 2–5 disk file types, 2–25 Cleaning instructions, K–1...
  • Page 173 Index Errored Seconds, Fail If condition, 3–48 example disk contents, F–1 Handset Interface, G–8 external clock input (2 Mb or 2 Hardware Revision, INSTR MHz), G–7 CONFIG, 3–261 external monitor connector, G–1 HELP button, 2–14 Help dialog box, 2–14 History graphs display, 3–248 panning, 3–251 Fail If conditions, Pass/Fail Test,...
  • Page 174 Index recalling, 3–42 Interface Module, INSTR CONFIG, 3–261 maximum error rates ITU–T standards, Glossary section PDH signals, 3–188 SDH signals, 3–188 TU mappings, 3–188 menu pages, 2–9 menus J1 path trace byte, 3–97 maps, A–1 jitter RECEIVE, 2–11 calibration, 3–183 RESULTS, 2–11 example of results, 3–169 selecting, 2–12...

  • Page 175: Continuous Pointer Movement

    Index overhead bytes Peak voltage, received, 3–132 editing, 3–91 performance monitoring, 3–19 viewing, 3–139 overhead PRBS test, 3–105 pin assignments Overhead Add/Drop Port, G–4 RS-232, G–3 VGA video output, G–1 Plesiochronous, 2–27 packaging for shipment, I–1 POINTER ACTION button, 3–195 pages, selecting, 2–13 Pointer ss–Bit mismatch, 3–133 parameters...

  • Page 176: Gpib Port

    Index settings, default, C–1 Signal labels, 3–104 Rear panel connectors, 2–4, G–1 Signal status Calibration Signal Output, G–4 checking, 3–63 External Clock Input (2 Mb/s or 2 RX, 3–130 MHz), G–7 Signal structure, viewing, 3–63 GPIB Port, G–3 Signal State, viewing, 3–66 Handset Interface, G–8 signal status indicators, 2–6 Jitter Inputs &...
  • Page 177 Index Test Pattern, PRBS Transmit settings, PDH, RX, 3–153 SDH, 3–71 PDH, TX, 3–116 PDH, 3–107 SDH, RX, 3–127 Tutorial, 2–35 SDH, TX, 3–85 test results, displaying, 3–229 TEST SETUPS button, 2–11 VC4–4c, 3–80, 3–81 working with, 3–41 VGA connector, G–1 test state indicator, 2–7 video timing quality testing, 3–30 Through Mode, 3–75...
  • Page 178 Index CTS850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual Index–8...

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