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9XTend-NEMA RS-232/485 Product Manual

Rf modem
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9XTend-NEMA™ RS-232/485 RF Modem
9XTend-NEMA RS-232/485 RF Modem
Interfacing Protocol
RF Modem Operation
RF Modem Configuration
RF Communication Modes
Appendices
Product Manual
For RF Modem Part Numbers: XT09-NEMA...
1 Watt Transmit Power, 256-bit AES Encryption
MaxStream
355 South 520 West, Suite 180
Lindon, UT 84042
Phone: (801) 765-9885
Fax: (801) 765-9895
rf-xperts@maxstream.net
www.MaxStream.net (live chat support)
v2.x4x
M100247
2007.01.04

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Summary of Contents for 9XTend-NEMA RS-232/485

  • Page 1 9XTend-NEMA™ RS-232/485 RF Modem 9XTend-NEMA RS-232/485 RF Modem Interfacing Protocol RF Modem Operation RF Modem Configuration RF Communication Modes Appendices Product Manual v2.x4x For RF Modem Part Numbers: XT09-NEMA... 1 Watt Transmit Power, 256-bit AES Encryption MaxStream 355 South 520 West, Suite 180...
  • Page 2 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem ‐ Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] © 2007 MaxStream, Inc. All rights reserved No part of the contents of this manual may be transmitted or reproduced in any  form or by any means without the written permission of MaxStream, Inc. XTend™ is a trademark of MaxStream, Inc. AES Encryption Source Code © 2007, Dr. Brian Gladman, Worcester, UK. All rights reserved. Conditions:  ‐ Distributions of AES source code include the above copyright notice, this list of  conditions and disclaimer. ‐ Distributions in binary form include the above copyright notice, this list of con‐ ditions and disclaimer in the documentation and/or other associated materials. ‐ The copyright holderʹs name is not used to endorse products built using this  software without specific written permission. Alternatively, provided that this notice is retained in full, this product may be dis‐ tributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), in which case  the provisions of the GPL apply INSTEAD OF those given above. Disclaimer ‐ This AES software is provided ʹas isʹ with no explicit or implied war‐ ranties in respect of its properties, including, but not limited to, correctness and/or  fitness for purpose. Technical Support:  Phone: (801) 765‐9885 Live Chat: www.maxstream.net E‐mail: rf‐xperts@maxstream.net © 2007 MaxStream, Inc., Confidential & Proprietary ‐ All Rights Reserved       ii...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Contents 1. 9XTend-NEMA RS-232/485 RF Modem 5. RF Communication Modes 1.1. Key Features 4 5.1. Addressing 51 1.1.1. Worldwide Acceptance 4 5.1.1. Address Recognition 51 1.2. Specifications 5 5.2. Basic Communications 52 1.3. External Interface 6 5.2.1. Streaming Mode (Default) 52 1.3.1.

  • Page 4: Xtend-Nema Rs-232/485 Rf Modem

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 1. 9XTend‐NEMA RS‐232/485 RF Modem The 9XTend RF Modem affords OEMs and integrators an easy-to-use RF solu- tion that sustains reliable delivery of data between remote devices. Out-of-box, the modem is configured to immediately sustain long range wire- less links between devices. Simply feed serial data into one modem then the data surfaces on the other end of the wireless link.

  • Page 5: Specifications

    The XTend-NEMA enclosure has been tested to the following standards: IP 66/67 and IP 66; IK 08; NEMA 1, 4, 4X, 6 (12 and 13); UL 94-5V; UL 508 Table 1‐01. 9XTend‐NEMA RS‐232/485 RF Modem Specifications 9XTend 900 MHz RS-232/485 RF Modem Specifications Performance @9600 bps Throughput Data Rate...

  • Page 6: External Interface

    1.3.1. RS-232/485 Interface Board DIP Switch During the power-on sequence, the DIP Switch automatically configures the RF modem to operate in different modes. Each time the modem is powered-on, the modem is programmed to operate according to the positions of the DIP Switch.

  • Page 7: To Screw Terminal Adapter

    Figure 1‐03. Wiring Block Diagram 1.3.3. PWR/DB-9 Adapter Board The PWR/DB-9 Adapter board is used for powering the 9XTend-NEMA RF Modem and connecting the modem through standard serial connections. The adapter board facilitates connections to serial devices which is useful for tasks such as modem configuration and range testing.

  • Page 8: Interfacing Protocol

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 2. Interfacing Protocol The 9XTend RS-232/485 RF Modem supports the following interfacing protocols: • RS-232 • RS-485 (2-wire) • RS-485 (4-wire) and RS-422 2.1. RS-232 Operation 2.1.1. DIP Switch Settings and Pin Signals Figure 2‐01. RS‐232 DIP Switch Settings Figure 2‐02. Pins used on the female RS‐232 (DB‐9)  Serial Connector DIP Switch settings are read and applied  only while powering‐on. Table 2‐01. RS‐232 Signals and their implementations on the XTend RF Modem ...

  • Page 9: Wiring Diagrams

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 2.1.2. Wiring Diagrams Figure 2‐03. RS‐232 DTE Device (male DB‐9 connector) wired to a DCE RF modem (female DB‐9)   Figure 2‐04. DCE RF modem (female DB‐9 connector) wired to an RS‐232 DCE Device (male DB‐9)   Sample Wireless Connection: DTE <--> DCE DCE <--> DCE Figure 2‐05. Typical wireless link between DTE and DCE devices © 2007 MaxStream, Inc., Confidential & Proprietary ‐ All Rights Reserved       9...

  • Page 10: 2-Wire) Operation

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 2.2. RS-485 (2-wire) Operation 2.2.1. DIP Switch Settings and Pin Signals Figure 2‐06. RS‐485 (2‐wire) Half‐duplex Figure 2‐07. Pins used on the female RS‐232 (DB‐9)  DIP Switch Settings Serial Connector Figure 2‐08. RS‐485 (2‐wire) w/ Termination  (optional) Termination is the 120 Ω resistor between T+ and T‐. DIP Switch settings are read and applied  only while powering‐on. Note: Refer to Figure 2-15 and Figure 2-16 for the RJ-45 connector pin designations used in RS-485/422 environments.

  • Page 11: 4-Wire) & Rs-422 Operation

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 2.3. RS-485 (4-wire) & RS-422 Operation 2.3.1. DIP Switch Settings and Pin Signals Figure 2‐10. RS‐485 (2‐wire) Half‐duplex Figure 2‐11. Pins used on the female RS‐232 (DB‐9)  DIP Switch Settings Serial Connector Figure 2‐12. RS‐485 (2‐wire) w/ Termination  (optional) Termination is the 120 Ω resistor between T+ and T‐. DIP Switch settings are read and applied  only while powering‐on. Table 2‐03. RS‐485/422 (4‐wire) Signals and their implementations on the XTend RF Modem RS-485/422 DB-9 Pin Description Implementation Name Transmit Negative T- (TA) Serial data sent from the RF modem Data Line Receive Negative R- (RA)

  • Page 12: Adapters

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Figure 2‐14. XTend RF Modem in an RS‐422 environment RS-485/422 Connection Guidelines The RS-485/422 protocol provides a solution for wired communications that can tolerate high noise and push signals over long cable lengths. RS-485/422 signals can communicate as far as 4000 feet (1200 m). RS-232 signals are suitable for cable distances up to 100 feet (30.5 m). RS-485 offers multi-drop capability in which up to 32 nodes can be connected.
  • Page 13 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] NULL Modem Adapter (male-to-male) Part Number: JD2D2-CDN-A (Black, DB-9 M-M) The male-to-male NULL modem adapter is used to connect two DCE devices. A DCE device connects with a straight-through cable to the male serial port of a computer (DTE). Figure B‐03.

  • Page 14: Rf Modem Operation

    3.1. Serial Communications 3.1.1. RS-232 and RS-485/422 Data Flow The XTend RS-232/485 RF Modem interfaces to a host device through a standard DB-9 connector. Devices that have a standard DB-9 (RS-232) serial port can connect directly through the pins of the modem as shown in the figure below.

  • Page 15: Flow Control

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 3.1.3. Flow Control Figure 3‐02. Internal Data Flow Diagram (The five most commonly‐used pin signals shown) DI (Data In) Buffer and Flow Control When serial data enters the modem through the DI pin (Data In), the data is stored in the DI Buffer until it can be processed. When the RB and RO parameter thresholds are satisfied (refer to ‘Transmit Mode’ section for more information), the modem attempts to initialize an RF connection.

  • Page 16: Transparent Operation

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 3.1.4. Transparent Operation By default, XTend RF Modems operate in Transparent Mode. The modems act as a serial line replacement - all UART data received through the DI pin is queued up for RF transmission. When RF data is received, the data is sent out the DO pin. When the RO (Packetization Timeout) parameter threshold is satisfied, the modem attempts to ini- tialize an RF transmission.

  • Page 17: Modes Of Operation

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 3.2. Modes of Operation XTend RF Modems operate in five modes. Figure 3‐03. Modes of Operation 3.2.1. Idle Mode When not receiving or transmitting data, the RF modem is in Idle Mode. The modem shifts into the other modes of operation under the following conditions: •...
  • Page 18 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Channel initialization is the process of sending an RF initializer that synchronizes receiving modems with the transmitting modem. During channel initialization, incoming serial data accumu- lates in the DI buffer. RF data, which includes the payload data, follows the RF initializer. The payload includes up to the maximum packet size (PK Command) bytes.

  • Page 19: Receive Mode

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 3.2.3. Receive Mode If a modem detects RF data while operating in Idle Mode, the modem transitions to Receive Mode to start receiving RF packets. Once a packet is received, the modem checks the CRC (cyclic redun- dancy check) to ensure that the data was transmitted without error. If the CRC data bits on the incoming packet are invalid, the packet is discarded.

  • Page 20: Sleep Mode

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 3.2.4. Sleep Mode Software Sleep Sleep Modes enable the modem to enter states of low-power consumption when not in use. Three software Sleep Modes are supported: • Pin Sleep (Host Controlled) • Serial Port Sleep (Wake on Serial Port activity) •...
  • Page 21 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Serial Port Sleep (SM = 2) • Wake on serial port activity • Typical power-down current: < 45 mA Serial Port Sleep is a Sleep Mode in which the modem runs in a low power state until serial data is detected on the DI pin.

  • Page 22: Command Mode

    Assert (low) the CONFIG pin and turn the power going to the modem off and back on (or pulse the SHDN pin). [If the modem is mounted to a MaxStream RS-232/485 Interface Board, the result can be achieved by pressing the configuration switch down for 2 seconds.] Default AT Command Mode Sequence (for transition to Command Mode): •...
  • Page 23 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Binary Command Mode Sending and receiving parameter values using binary commands is the fastest way to change operating parameters of the modem. Binary commands are used most often to sample signal strength [refer to DB (Received Signal Strength) parameter] and/or error counts; or to change modem addresses and channels for polling systems when a quick response is necessary.

  • Page 24: Rf Modem Configuration

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 4. RF Modem Configuration 4.1. Automatic DIP Switch Configurations Each time the RF modem is powered-on, AT commands are sent to the on-board module as dic- tated by the positions of the DIP switches. DIP switch configurations are sent automatically during the power-on sequence and affect modem parameter values as shown in the table below. Figure 4‐01.

  • Page 25: Programming Examples

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 4.2. Programming Examples Refer to the ‘Command Mode’ section [p22] for information regarding entrance into Command Mode, sending AT commands and exiting Command Mode. 4.2.1. AT Commands MaxStream has provided X-CTU software for programming the modem using an extensive list of AT Commands.

  • Page 26: Binary Commands

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Restore RF Modem Default Parameters (Using the ‘Terminal’ tab of the X-CTU Software) Example: Both of the following examples restore the XTend Modem's factory defaults and save the parameters to non-volatile memory. Method 1 (One line per command) Note:  Do not send com‐ Note:  Do not send com‐...

  • Page 27: Command Reference Table

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 4.3. Command Reference Table Table 4‐03. XTend Commands (The RF modems expect numerical values in hexadecimal. Hexadecimal values are designated by a “0x”  prefix. Decimal equivalents are designated by a “d” suffix.) Binary Command # Bytes Factory AT Command Name Parameter Range Command Command Category Returned Default 0x3B (59d) Board Voltage 0x2CCCA - 0x5BFFA [read-only] Diagnostics 0x40 (64d) Auto-set MY Networking & Security AP v2.x20* API Enable 0 - 2 Serial Interfacing...
  • Page 28 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Table 4‐03. XTend Commands (The RF modems expect numerical values in hexadecimal. Hexadecimal values are designated by a “0x”  prefix. Decimal equivalents are designated by a “d” suffix.) Binary Command # Bytes Factory AT Command Name Parameter Range Command Command Category Returned Default 0x29 (41d) Maximum RF Packet Size 1 - 0x800 [Bytes] RF Interfacing varies 0x3A (58d) TX Power Level 0 - 4 RF Interfacing 4 (1 Watt) 0x1D (29d)

  • Page 29: Command Descriptions

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 4.4. Command Descriptions Commands in this section are listed alphabetically. Command categories are designated between the "< >" symbols that follow each command title. By default, XTend RF Modems expect numerical values in hexadecimal since the default value of the CF (Number Base) Parameter is '1'. Hexadec- imal values are designated by the "0x"...
  • Page 30 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] BD (Interface Data Rate) Command <Serial Interfacing> The BD command is used to AT Command: ATBD set and read the serial interface data rate (baud Binary Command: 0x15 (21 decimal) rate) used between the RF modem and host. This Parameter Ranges: 0 - 8 (standard rates) parameter determines the rate at which serial 0x39 - 0x1C9C38 (non-standard rates)
  • Page 31 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] BT (Guard Time Before) Command <AT Command Mode Options> The CC command AT Command: ATCC is used to set/read the ASCII character used Binary Command: 0x13 (19 decimal) between guard times of the AT Command Mode Parameter Range: 0x20 - 0x7F Sequence (BT + CC + AT).
  • Page 32 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] CN (Exit AT Command Mode) Command <Command Mode Options> The CN command is AT Command: ATCN used to explicitly exit the modem from AT Com- Binary Command: 0x09 (9 decimal) mand Mode. CS (GPO1 Configuration) Command <Serial Interfacing> CS Command is used to AT Command: ATCS select the behavior of the GP01 pin (pin 9).
  • Page 33 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] DT (Destination Address) Command <Networking & Security> DT Command is used to AT Command: ATDT set/read the networking address of an RF Binary Command: 0x00 modem. The modems utilize three filtration lay- Parameter Range: 0 - 0xFFFF ers: Vendor ID Number (ATID), Channel (ATHP), and Destination Address (ATDT).
  • Page 34 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] FL (Software Flow Control) Command <Serial Interfacing> The FL command is used to AT Command: ATFL configure software flow control. Hardware flow Binary Command: 0x07 (7 decimal) control is implemented with the modem as the Parameter Range: 0 - 1 GP01 pin (CTS pin of the OEM RF module), which regulates when serial data can be transferred to Parameter...
  • Page 35 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] HP (Hopping Channel) Command <Networking & Security> The HP command is AT Command: ATHP used to set/read the RF modem's hopping channel Binary Command: 0x11 (17 decimal) number. A channel is one of three layers of filtra- Parameter Range: 0 - 9 tion available to the modem.
  • Page 36 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] KY (AES Encryption Key) Command <Networking & Security> The KY command is AT Command: ATKY used to set the 256-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Binary Command: 0x3C (60 decimal) Standard) key for encrypting/decrypting data. Parameter Range: Once set, the key cannot be read out of the 0 - (any other 64-digit hex valid key) modem by any means.
  • Page 37 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] MK (Address Mask) Command <Networking & Security> The MK command is AT Command: ATMK used to set/read the Address Mask of a modem. Binary Command: 0x12 (18 decimal) All RF data packets contain the Destination Parameter Range: 0 - 0xFFFF Address of the TX (transmitting) modem.
  • Page 38 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] NB (Parity) Command <Serial Interfacing> The NB command is used to AT Command: ATNB select/read the parity settings of the RF modem Binary Command: 0x23 (35 decimal) for UART communications. Parameter Range: 0 - 4 Parameter Configuration 8-bit (no parity or 7-bit (any parity) 8-bit even 8-bit odd...
  • Page 39 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] PK (Maximum RF Packet Size) Command <RF Interfacing> The PK command is used to set/ AT Command: ATPK read the maximum size of RF packets transmitted Binary Command: 0x29 (41 decimal) from an RF modem. The maximum packet size Parameter Range: 1 - 0x800 [Bytes] can be used along with the RB and RO parameters to implicitly set the channel dwell time.
  • Page 40 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] RB (Packetization Threshold) Command <Serial Interfacing> The RB command is used to AT Command: ATRB set/read the character threshold value. Binary Command: 0x20 (32 decimal) RF transmission begins after data is received in Parameter Range: 0 - PK parameter value the DI Buffer and either of the following criteria is (up to 0x800 Bytes) met:...
  • Page 41 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] RN (Delay Slots) Command <Networking & Security> The RN command is AT Command: ATRN used to set/read the time delay that the transmit- Binary Command: 0x19 (25 decimal) ting RF modem inserts before attempting to Parameter Range: 0 - 0xFF [38 ms slots] resend a packet.
  • Page 42 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] RP (RSSI PWM Timer) Command <Diagnostics> RP Command is used to enable a AT Command: ATRP PWM ("Pulse Width Modulation") output on the Binary Command: 0x22 (34 decimal) Config/RSSI pin (pin 11 of the OEM RF Module). Parameter Range: 0 - 0xFF The pin is calibrated to show the difference [x 100 milliseconds] between received signal strength and the sensi-...
  • Page 43 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] RT (GPI1 Configuration) Command <Serial Interfacing> The RT command is used to AT Command: ATRT set/read the behavior of the GPI1 pin (GPI1) of Binary Command: 0x16 (22 decimal) the OEM RF Module. The pin can be configured to Parameter Range: 0 - 2 enable binary programming or RTS flow control.
  • Page 44 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] SM (Sleep Mode) Command <Sleep Mode (Low Power)> The SM Command is AT Command: ATSM used to set/read the RF modem's Sleep Mode set- Binary Command: 0x01 tings that configure the modem to run in states Parameter Range: 0 - 8 (3 is reserved) that require minimal power consumption.
  • Page 45 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] TR (Transmit Error Count) Command <Diagnostics> The TR command is used to report AT Command: ATTR the number of retransmit failures. This number is Binary Command: 0x1B (27 decimal) incremented each time a packet is not acknowl- Parameter Range: 0 - 0xFFFF edged within the number of retransmits specified by the RR (Retries) parameter.
  • Page 46 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] WA (Active Warning Numbers) Command <Diagnostics> The WA command reports the AT Command: ATWA warning numbers of all active warnings - one Parameter Range: Returns string - one warning number per line. No further information warning number per line. is shown and warning counts are not reset.

  • Page 47: Api Operation

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 4.5. API Operation By default, XTend RF Modems act as a serial line replacement (Transparent Operation) - all UART data received through the DI pin is queued up for RF transmission. When the modem receives an RF packet, the data is sent out the DO pin with no additional information. Inherent to Transparent Operation are the following behaviors: •...

  • Page 48: Api Types

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Data bytes that need to be escaped: • 0x7E – Frame Delimiter • 0x7D – Escape • 0x11 – XON • 0x13 – XOFF Example - Raw UART Data Frame (before escaping interfering bytes): 0x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x11 0xCB 0x11 needs to be escaped which results in the following frame: 0x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x7D 0x31 0xCB Note: In the above example, the length of the raw data (excluding the checksum) is 0x0002 and...
  • Page 49 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] TX (Transmit) Request: 16-bit address API Identifier Value: 0x01 A TX Request message will cause the modem to send RF Data as an RF Packet. Figure 4‐7. TX Packet (16‐bit address) Frames Start Delimiter Length Frame Data Checksum 0x7E API-specific Structure 1 Byte API Identifier Identifier-specific Data 0x01 cmdData...

  • Page 50: Rf Communication Modes

    9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 5. RF Communication Modes The network configurations covered in this chapter are described in terms of the following: • Network Topology (Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint or Peer-to-Peer) • RF Communication Type (Basic or Acknowledged) • RF Mode (Streaming, Multi-Transmit, Repeater, Acknowledged or Polling) The following table provides a summary of the network configurations supported. Table 5‐01.

  • Page 51: Addressing

    9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 5.1. Addressing Each RF packet contains addressing information that is used to filter incoming RF data. Receiving modules inspect the Hopping Channel (HP parameter), Vendor Identification Number (ID parame- ter) and Destination Address (DT parameter) contained in each RF packet. Data that does not pass through all three network security layers is discarded.

  • Page 52: Basic Communications

    9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 5.2. Basic Communications Basic Communications are accomplished through two sub-types: • Broadcast - By default, XTend RF Modems communicate through Broadcast communications and within a peer-to-peer network topology. When any modem transmits, all other modems within range will receive the data and pass it directly to their host device. •...

  • Page 53: Multi-Transmit Mode

    9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 5.2.2. Multi-Transmit Mode Attributes: Reliable Delivery through forced transmission of every RF packet Every RF packet is sent exactly (MT + 1) times with no delays between packets Diminished throughput and increased latency Required Parameter Values (TX modem): MT (Multi-Transmit) >= 1 Other Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, MY, RN, TT), Serial Interfacing (BR, PK, RB, RO), RF Interfacing (FS) Recommended Use: Use for applications that require Reliable Delivery without using retries and...

  • Page 54: Repeater Mode

    9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 5.2.3. Repeater Mode Attributes: Low power consumption Minimized interference Each RF packet is tagged with a unique Packet ID (PID). Each repeater will repeat a packet only once (tracked by the PID). Increased latency and decreased throughput (Latency and throughput is determined by number of hops, not by number of repeaters.
  • Page 55 9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Repeater Network Configuration A network may consist of End Nodes (EN), End/Repeater Nodes (ERN) and a Base Node (BN). The base node initiates all communications. A repeater network can be configured to operate using Basic Broadcast or Basic Addressed com- munications.
  • Page 56 9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Response Packet Delay As a packet propagates through the repeater network, if any node receives the data and generates a quick response, the response needs to be delayed so as not to collide with subsequent retrans- missions of the original packet. To reduce collisions, both repeater and end node radios in a repeater network will delay transmission of data shifted in the serial port to allow any repeaters within range to complete their retransmissions.

  • Page 57: Polling Mode (Basic)

    9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 5.2.4. Polling Mode (Basic) NOTE: Polling Mode (Basic) and Polling Mode (Acknowledged) [p60] operate in the same way. The only difference between the two modes is in their means of achieving reliable delivery of data. In Polling Mode (Basic), reliable delivery is achieved using multiple transmissions. Attributes: Utilizes high percentage of available network bandwidth Eliminates collisions...

  • Page 58: Acknowledged Communications

    9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 5.3. Acknowledged Communications 5.3.1. Acknowledged Mode Attributes: Reliable delivery through positive acknowledgements for each packet Throughput, latency and jitter vary depending on the quality of the channel and the strength of the signal. Required Parameter Values (TX modem): RR (Retries) >= 1 Related Commands: Networking (DT, MK, RR), Serial Interfacing (PK, RN, RO, RB, TT) Recommended Use: Use for applications that require Reliable Delivery.
  • Page 59 9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] The TT parameter (streaming limit) specifies the maximum number of bytes that the TX modem will send in one transmission event, which may consist of many packets and retries. If the TT parameter is reached, the TX modem will force a random delay of 1 to RN delay slots (exactly 1 delay slot if RN is zero).

  • Page 60: Polling Mode (Acknowledged)

    9XTendNEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] 5.3.2. Polling Mode (Acknowledged) NOTE: Polling Mode (Acknowledged) and Polling Mode (Basic) [p57] operate in the same way. The only difference between the two modes is in their means of achieving reliable delivery of data. In Polling Mode (Acknowledged), reliable delivery is achieved using retries and acknowledgements. Attributes: Utilizes high percentage of available network bandwidth Eliminates collisions...

  • Page 61: Appendix A: Agency Certifications

    Appendix A: Agency Certifications FCC (United States) Certification The XTend RS-232/485 RF Modem complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations. Compli- ance with the labeling requirements, FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required. In order to operate under MaxStream’s FCC Certification, OEMs/integrators must comply with the...

  • Page 62: Limited Modular Approval

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Limited Modular Approval Power output is conducted at the antenna terminal and can be adjusted from 1 mill-watt to 1 Watt at the OEM level. This is an RF modem approved for Limited Modular use operating as a mobile transmitting device with respect to section 2.1091 and is limited to OEM installation for Mobile and Fixed applications only.
  • Page 63 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Antenna Options (1-watt transmit power output or lower) Table A‐01. Half‐wave antennas (approved when operating at 1‐watt power output or lower) Part Number Type Connector Gain Application A09-HSM-7 Straight half-wave RPSMA 3.0 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-HASM-675 Articulated half-wave RPSMA 2.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-HABMM-P6I Articulated half-wave w/ 6" pigtail MMCX 2.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile...
  • Page 64 9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Table A‐04. Mag Mount antennas (approved when operating at 1‐watt power output or lower) Part Number Type Connector Gain Required Antenna Cable Loss Application A09-M0SM Mag Mount RPSMA 0 dBi Fixed A09-M2SM Mag Mount RPSMA 2.1 dBi Fixed A09-M3SM Mag Mount RPSMA 3.1 dBi Fixed A09-M5SM Mag Mount RPSMA 5.1 dBi Fixed A09-M7SM Mag Mount...

  • Page 65: Ic (Industry Canada) Certification

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Table A‐07. Yagi antennas (approved when operating at 100 mW power output or lower) Part Number Type Connector Gain Application A09-Y6 2 Element Yagi 6.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-Y7 3 Element Yagi 7.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-Y8 4 Element Yagi 8.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-Y9 4 Element Yagi 9.1 dBi Fixed / Mobile A09-Y10...

  • Page 66: Appendix B: Additional Information

    9XTend‐NEMA™ RS‐232/485 RF Modem – Product Manual v2.x4x [2007.01.04] Appendix B: Additional Information 1-Year Warranty XTend RF Modems from MaxStream, Inc. (the "Product") are warranted against defects in materi- als and workmanship under normal use, for a period of 1-year from the date of purchase. In the event of a product failure due to materials or workmanship, MaxStream will repair or replace the defective product.

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