Yamaha CS-5 Owner's Manual page 5

_l ) tl__ _ h ( d_ b_ h l hh_ht_ f_ _ _ f ____l g_l t _ _ 0___l l _ L0R_E____LElAslJJE__Tn_M_Es
number of vibrations, such as 2-fold, 3-foId., and so cha_ e _ w__4
on. It is seen that the waveform w_lI gLadua1ly come
to resemble a sawtooth waveform. In addition to this, 0 0 it is apparent that this sawtooth waveform has a
cycle s_mil,, to th,t of the s;ne wave that has b,,n Chm8e 4 h_rmo_ic5
_ d hb 1
USe aS t e a SlS. T e Slne WaVe Wlth the baSIC CyCle lS T . _to_F
referred to as the fundamenta1 and the sine waves of ! __. _ harmonic overtones as the harmonics In the case of l _ __ :'_ _ .
. . . . . F _ h,r,on,-cs _ t F t h_mo_icS
_ mUSICa InS rUmentS, t e Way In W lC _rm OnICS are C
contained in sounds _vill depend on the arrangement F_ Fu_d_ment_I
by which sounds are generated. When we discuss the _ifference in tones (waveforms), it is the same. as dis- In addition to adjusting the cut-off frequency by
cussing what kind ofharmonics the sounds contain. means of a knob, the tone is caused to undergo a
Accordingly, one can express the three elements oF temporal change (from the time the sound is
sound in another manner, that is_, as I) pitch, 2) the generated to the time it ceases) to give it an ''enve- manner in which harmonics are contained (harmonic lop_'. This is _ccomplished by effecting control on
structure) and 3) voIume. the filteis cutNoff frequencies by me_s of the
envelo pe gene rator.
5AwToomwmvE
_ VCA The VCA block adds an ''envelop_' to the volume.
_ A The process starting from the generation of the sound
_l up to the point the sound gradualIy fades away i
- I govemed by the envelope generator's ATTAcK T_ME,
_,_dAment4(; _ 2_ 3_ 4_ DEcJ y T_mE susTA_N LEvE _mpt__u_e_A _A __ m .-..... ^ ' '
3 Ó A_rmon,'cs (A.D.S.R.), changing the amp1ification degree of the
VCA amplifier.
_ STRUCTURE OF THE SYNTHESf2E_
In the synthesizer, sounds are synthesized by electronically effecting control on the four pro_e,ties VCA _d En___ope
of sound (tne tnree e1ements of sound plus the ,__g_( 4_,m vcf _ vg_,pg V_A 0u_ut
envelope), dividing it into 4 blocks.
Control of pitch is effected by the VCO, that of _,
narmonic spectrum by the vcF, that of volume by ' ____%_! _ 0_ ' the VCA and that of envelo_e by the EG (envelope ' ' _
. . , tA___ _g_
generatOr. The fOlloWlng eScrl eS t e unctIOnS o
eachblock.
_ VCO The signals from the VCO reach the VCF where
The VCO block produces sound sources of fre- they undergo a change with regard to their harmonic
quencies corresponding to the intervals of the key- spectrum by being passed through a filter. The sig-
_ board. The sound source waveforms produced by the naIs, now containing certin tone characteristics, are
VCO are sawtooth Waves and square waves that _ven a volume ''envelope'' at the VCA and then red incIude many harmonics in a regular manner. These out_ In this way, all elements of the properties of
waves are oscil1ated, using an electronic circuit. sound are control1ed electranicalIy, by utilizing the
three elements of sound and the ''envelope.'' The
l VCf synthesizer has, in a_dition to the blocks described
The VCF block determines the tone, changing the above, other blocks such _s the LFO which pe_it harmonic spectrum of the sound sources by cutting, further changes in the sounds. But in this case too,
or emphasizing, certain parts of the harmonics by the job is perfo_ed by controlling the three ele-
passing the sound sources through filters. The ments of sound and the envelope.
bound_ry between the portion that passes through We hope that the points describe_ in this section
the filter and the portion that is cut off is known as may be he1pful to understand th immense possibili- the c_t-off frequency. The VCF creates the charac- ties and great pleasure awaiting you on a path that
teristic harmonic spectrum, by vaying the cut-off wilI lead you into a new world of music using a
frequency. totally new musical instrument, the synthesizer.
_