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Afar AR-9010E Operator's Manual

Wireless ethernet bridge
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pulsAR Wireless Ethernet Bridge
Operator's Manual
Models: AR-9010E
AR-9027E
AR-24010E
AR-24027E
AR-24110E
June 2015
AFAR Communications Inc.
81 David Love Place
Santa Barbara, CA 93117
Tel: +1 805 681 1993
Fax: +1 805 681 1994
go the distance

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  • Page 1 Wireless Ethernet Bridge Operator’s Manual Models: AR-9010E AR-9027E AR-24010E AR-24027E AR-24110E June 2015 AFAR Communications Inc. 81 David Love Place Santa Barbara, CA 93117 Tel: +1 805 681 1993 Fax: +1 805 681 1994 go the distance...
  • Page 3 Wireless Ethernet Bridge Operator’s Manual Models: AR-9010E AR-9027E AR-24010E AR-24027E AR-24110E June 2015 AFAR Communications Inc. 81 David Love Place Santa Barbara, CA 93117 Tel: +1 805 681 1993 Fax: +1 805 681 1994 $25.00...

  • Page 4: Customer Service

    Operator's Manual Customer Service AFAR provides customer service during normal U.S. Pacific Coast business hours and may be reached by voice, fax, or email as follows: Tel: +1 805 681 1993 Fax: +1 805 681 1994 email: support@afar.net If you must return the equipment, please contact us for a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.
  • Page 5 Afar Communications Inc. products, except as otherwise stated in an applicable price list, are warranted against defects in workmanship and material for a period of one (1) year from date of delivery as evidenced by Afar Communications Inc.’s packing slip or other transportation receipt.
  • Page 6 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Changes or modifications not expressly approved in writing by AFAR Communications Inc. may void the user’s authority to operate this equipment. AFAR Communications Inc. can not accept any financial or other responsibilities that may be the result of your use of this information, including direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION.....................1-1 1.1 R ............................1-1 ADIO VERVIEW 1.2 R ............................1-2 ADIO OMPONENTS 1.3 R .............................1-3 ADIO ONNECTORS 1.4 R ..............................1-4 ADIO OWER 1.5 O ........................1-6 UTDOOR NTERCONNECT ABLE 2 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS ..........2-1 2.1 N ..........................2-1 ETWORK...
  • Page 8 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 3.4.2 Installing new firmware through the Ethernet port................3-13 3.4.3 Installing new firmware using Telnet....................3-15 3.4.4 Installing new firmware using the RS-232 serial port..............3-16 3.4.5 Feature upgrades..........................3-18 4 COMMANDS........................4-1 4.1 C ........................4-1 ONFIGURATION TECHNIQUES 4.2 C ............................4-2 OMMAND SYNTAX 4.3 C ....................4-3...

  • Page 9: Product Description

    Medical” (ISM) bands, either at 900 MHz or 2.4 GHz. Table 1 shows the main characteristics of the 5 models. Refer to appendix B for the complete specifications. Table 1.1: pulsAR radio models Model number: AR-9010E AR-9027E AR-24010E AR-24027E AR-24110E...

  • Page 10: Radio Components

    Each pulsAR radio can be configured over a local serial interface or over the Ethernet using an “Ethernet console” program provided by Afar. Once a unit is configured with an IP address you can also configure and monitor the unit using Telnet or SNMP. The radio firmware, in non-volatile memory, can also be updated remotely.

  • Page 11: Radio Connectors

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 1.3 Radio Connectors Figure 1.1 shows a pulsAR radio mounted on a mast. The radio is housed in a metal enclosure with two N-female connectors at the top for connection to RF antennas, and two special purpose connectors, at the bottom, for DC power, Ethernet data and control.

  • Page 12: Radio Power

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual An eight-conductor CAT 5 cable must be connected between the pulsAR radio and either a Power Inserter Unit or an Ethernet port capable of providing Power over Ethernet (PoE) per IEEE 802.3af. The wiring for this cable is shown in Figure 1.3. Table 1.4 shows the pin assignment of the three pin auxiliary port connector.
  • Page 13 B, which restricts the voltage range to 48 VDC. Afar provides two Power Inserter devices (figure 1.2) that use this second method. One is for operation from an AC source (110-240 VAC), and the other for operation from a DC source (10 to 58 VDC).

  • Page 14: Outdoor Interconnect Cable

    Table 1.8 lists a few part numbers and sources of appropriate CAT 5 cable for this application. Afar Communications Inc. carries several pre-made cables of different lengths. See Appendix D for connector diagrams, part numbers, and...
  • Page 15 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual RADIO_ETH_TX+ RADIO_ETH_TX- RADIO_ETH_RX+ Radio “D” Port RJ 45 (Lumberg Connector) male RADIO_ETH_RX- Figure 1.3 - CAT 5 Outdoor Interconnect cable diagram Table 1.8 – Indoor/Outdoor Unit CAT 5 cable Part number Manufacturer Description 7919A Belden Shielded outdoor rated cable 18-241-31(gray) Superior Essex Unshielded outdoor rated cable...

  • Page 16: Network Topologies And Applications

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 2 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2.1 Network Topologies You can deploy the pulsAR radios in a variety of topologies from a simple point-to-point link to complex networks with multiple hops, redundant nodes, and mobile nodes. In all applications the radios will act as bridges connecting the LANs from all sites together.

  • Page 17: Point To Point

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 2.1.1 Point to point In a point-to-point topology, when the two sites are fixed we recommend using directional antennas at both ends, pointing at each other. This increases the signal strength in the desired direction and shields the radios against unwanted interference from other sources.

  • Page 18: Tree Topology

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 2.1.3 Tree topology In a tree topology you have three node types: one root node and multiple branch and leaf nodes (use the node command to configure the node type). The root node performs a similar function to the hub in a point-to-multipoint topology and can have up to 32 direct links to remote sites.

  • Page 19: Linear Network

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual parent in that same channel (see commands rf-1-setup and rf-2-setup). Once enough distance separates cells you can start re-using overlapping channels. The tree topology has the following features:  There is no limit to the number of levels on the tree. ...

  • Page 20: Loop Topology

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Figure 2.2 - Linear Network Topology You can easily implement a Linear Network as a subset of the Tree topology: configure the leftmost radio as a root and all the radios in the network as a branch. Install each radio with two directional antennas pointing at their two neighbors.

  • Page 21: Roaming Branches

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 3. Connectivity to a central site, through a backbone network, is maintained when a mobile changes parent. Packet routing is switched over autonomously throughout the network so that packets are correctly routed immediately after the mobile radio changes the access point. 4.

  • Page 22: Roam Change Hub Criteria

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual “fast” (see command roam). In this mode the radio scans for alternate channels at a rate eight times faster than in normal mode and therefore can track a fast changing RF environment. There are two drawbacks to the fast roaming mode: (i) you can not have roaming branches, and (ii) the radio throughput is reduced by 22%.

  • Page 23: On Demand Bandwidth Allocation

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual For small networks a cycle period of 20 ms is usually preferred. If you have a network with many nodes that are simultaneously active the 40 ms cycle will give you better performance. The cycle split controls the percentage of time allocated for outbound traffic (from parent to children) versus inbound traffic (from children to parent).

  • Page 24: Co-Located Radios Self-Interference

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual higher gain than the omni and provide shielding from interfering signals originating at different sectors. In this situation you might deploy a central site with six hub radios for example, each one feeding a sector antenna covering 60-degree sectors. 2.

  • Page 25: Span Network Synchronization

     Lower the transmit power of the interfering radio. These approaches are limited and, at most, may allow you to co-locate three of four radios. The Afar SPAN technology implements a synchronization scheme that completely eliminates this self- interference allowing you to co-locate a much larger number of radios. This is explained in the following sections.
  • Page 26 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Time Figure 2.5 - Multiple Topology Network The following are guidelines you need to follow to achieve a successful synchronization in a complex network: 1. At any site with multiple radios ensure that all radios are connected to the same LAN. The LAN connection between radios must run in full duplex and preferably at 100 MHz.

  • Page 27: Heartbeat Suppression

    Ethernet LAN may be extended with fiber or a third party wireless bridges resulting in the Afar radios assuming that they are co-located when indeed they are not. In these cases you can turn off the radio participating in the synchronization protocol by setting the tdd sync-mode to off.
  • Page 28 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual R a d i o 4 ( B ) N x G 4 S y n c R a d i o 1 ( A ) t d d s y n c = o f f N x G 1 S y n c R a d i o...

  • Page 29: Ethernet Bridging

    (see command >udp).  NetCrossing Gateways Serial packets: These are SNAP encapsulated packets containing synchronous serial data generated by the Afar NetCrossing Gateway devices.  High-Priority: These includes network management packets for the Econsole command sessions, and also IP packets with a value in the “Type-Of-Service”...

  • Page 30: Encryption

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Codepoint Unused When the codepoint field has the value xxx000, the three most significant bits are interpreted as precedence bits. The radio gives high priority to packets with a precedence field of 6 or 7. In hexadecimal notation this translates into TOS values of E0 and C0.

  • Page 31: Installation And Setup

    If you have multiple network ports in your PC the Econsole program will first ask you to select the one connected to the Afar radio. If you don't know this information just try each one in turn until you get a list of one or more Afar devices followed by the Econsole> prompt. At the prompt type: Econsole>...

  • Page 32: Using The Radio Auxiliary Port

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Once a connection to the radio is established, the radio outputs a prompt with the following format: rmt-nnnnn #> where nnnnn are the last five digits of the radio serial number. If the radio had previously been configured the prompt will be the radio name.

  • Page 33: Field Installation

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Parity: none Stop bits: 1 2. Connect each Power Inserter Unit to the respective pulsAR using a CAT 5 cable as defined in section 1. 3. Connect each radio Antenna A port (N type connector) to an appropriate 2.4 GHz band antenna using an RF coaxial cable.

  • Page 34: Earth Grounding

    Once the grooves reach the stops, manually tighten the L shaped bolt so that it “bites” into the pole. Afar also provides a different bracket for mounting the radio against a flat surface (Figure 3.2). 3.2.2...
  • Page 35 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual  AWG #6 copper grounding cable (4.1 mm diameter).  Grounding lug, nut, bolt, lock washer (as required) for attaching the cable to the metal tower or structure.  Anti oxidizing paste  Outdoor cable ties (as required) The following steps describe a procedure for a proper Earth ground connection: 1.

  • Page 36: Power/Ethernet Cable

    For optimum performance the radio must be mounted in close proximity to the antenna with a cable run typically under 2 meters (6 feet). Afar carries several antennas for operation at either 900 MHz or 2.4 GHz as shown below:...

  • Page 37: Antenna Alignment

    “antenna alignment aid” available at the outdoor unit. This feature uses the three pin “Auxiliary port” connector to output an audio signal with a pitch proportional to the receive signal strength. AFAR provides a special cable adapter that converts the...

  • Page 38: Radio Configuration

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual three-pin connector into a standard female audio jack. Use this cable to connect the three-pin connector to a pair of standard headphones while aligning the antenna. At a terminal session issue the command: >aaa a-antenna (aaa is an abbreviation for “antenna-alignment-aid”) and then align the antenna until you hear the highest audio pitch.

  • Page 39: Spectrum Analysis And Channel Selection

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Parameter Description Command RF channel You may need to change the RF channels if there is interference rf-1-setup on the default channel (12). You can configure the RF transmit rf-2-setup channel independently from the RF receive channel. Refer to section 3.2.7 for the procedure for choosing new channels.

  • Page 40: Output Power Limits (Fcc)

    The tables below show the maximum allowed output power using the various antennas. Maximum Output Power (dBm) – 900 MHz models Antenna Gain 5 dBi 15 dBi AR-9010E AR-9027E Maximum Output Power (dBm) – 2.4 GHz models Antenna Gain 9 dBi...

  • Page 41: Maximum Permissible Exposure (Mpe) Limitations

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Maximum EIRP (dBm) – 2.4 GHz models Maximum EIRP AR-24027E AR-24110E 3.2.10 Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) Limitations The installer must mount all transmit antennas so as to comply with the limits for human exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields per paragraph 1.1307 of the FCC Regulations . The FCC requirements incorporate limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) in terms of electric field strength, magnetic field strength, and power density.

  • Page 42: Recording The Network Configuration And Performance

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 3.3 Recording the Network Configuration and Performance Once you finish a deployment and all links in your network are operational, you should record the configuration of each radio and the performance of every RF link. Then at a later time, if you need to replace a radio, or you suspect the performance of a link has degraded, you will have easy access to the original configuration and RF performance at the time the network was deployed.

  • Page 43: Installing New Firmware Through The Ethernet Port

    RAM and executes it. New firmware versions are made available from time to time at the following page in our website: http://www.afar.net/support.htm The firmware files (for point-to-multipoint) are named: pmp0x_xx.bze (binary zipped file for downloads through the Ethernet port) pmp0x_xx.dwe (ascii file for download through the serial port, or via Telnet)
  • Page 44 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 1. If you have not done so, install the utility program Econsole in the PC. This utility program is distributed with the radios and can also be downloaded from the website. Please refer to the separate Econsole User's Manual for instructions on how to install it. 2.

  • Page 45: Installing New Firmware Using Telnet

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual You can also use a script file to have Econsole send the set of commands above to all radios sequentially, instead of doing this manually as explained above. Refer to the Econsole User's Manual for details. 11.

  • Page 46: Installing New Firmware Using The Rs-232 Serial Port

    Windows HyperTerminal. 1. Connect the pulsAR Auxiliary Port (3 pin circular connector) to a terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program. A special adapter cable is supplied by AFAR. Configure the terminal settings as follows: Baud rate: 9600...
  • Page 47 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 3. To have the shortest download time possible, set the radio to use the highest RS-232 speed allowable on the PC. In this example, a download speed of 115200 baud will be used. Set the console speed of the radio to 115200 baud by issuing the command: >console-speed-bps 115200 4.

  • Page 48: Feature Upgrades

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 12. Issue the command: >version to insure the radio is running the latest version. 3.4.5 Feature upgrades The pulsAR radio firmware includes optional features and capabilities that may have been activated at the time of purchase or you may purchase later and activate in the field. This is done via the use of the “license”...

  • Page 49: Commands

    4 COMMANDS 4.1 Configuration techniques You can establish a command session with an Afar radio in any of four different interfaces: 1. Serial Console through a 3-pin RS-232 port. 2. With the Afar EConsole program running on a PC connected to the radio Ethernet port.

  • Page 50: Command Syntax

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual The radio keeps a history of several of the previously issued commands. Those commands can be viewed by pressing the up-arrow and down-arrow keys on the keyboard. Any of those previously issued commands can then be edited and reentered by pressing the <Enter> key. 4.2 Command syntax The command interpreter in the pulsAR radio is designed to accommodate both a novice as well as an expert operator.

  • Page 51: Configuration Management Commands

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual >command value For example the command: >save-configuration destination=main can be shortened to any of the following: >save-configuration main >save main >save  Not all parameters associated with a command need to be specified. Depending on the command, when a parameter is omitted it either assumes a default value or keeps the last value assigned to that parameter.
  • Page 52 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual prevent any unauthorized changes to the configuration. Once locked, the configuration can only be modified by issuing the unlock command with the correct password. When the configuration is unlocked, the radio prompt ends with the characters ‘#>’ to remind the user that the configuration is unlocked.
  • Page 53 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual --------------- TDD Radio Configuration (factory) --------------- Node type: Remote Name: rmt-15005 Max children: (not applicable) Location: Not defined Network ID: Contact: Not defined RF-SETUP 1:with parent 2:(not used) antenna: rec-chan: tr-chan: tr-power: speed: 2.75 Mbps 2.75 Mbps ETHERNET sync-mode: auto...

  • Page 54: Major Configuration Parameters

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Examples: > save-configuration destination=alternate > save unlock debug-mode=”ASCII string” enable-configuration=”ASCII string” This command unlocks the access to various commands. The enable-configuration password (set with the change-password command) unlocks the various commands listed in this manual that alter the radio configuration. The debug-mode is a factory mode used for troubleshooting by customer support.
  • Page 55 The key phrase may have spaces but you need to put it in quotes. Note that the key-phrase is not stored in the radio configuration, only the generated key. Example: > encryption aes128 key-phrase=”Acronym For Afar Radios” ethernet speed=auto-10 or 10hdx or 10fdx or 100hdx or 100fdx or auto or off Sets the ethernet port speed to a combination of 10 or 100 Mbps, half or full duplex, or auto negotiate.
  • Page 56 When you attempt to configure a node to be a branch or a root the radio may indicate that it is not authorized to operate in that mode. In that case contact Afar to purchase a key to operate the radio in the tree topology.
  • Page 57 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual name=”ASCII string” Gives the node a meaningful name for further reference. This name will be used as the command prompt. It is also used to identify the node in a variety of commands and displays. The name field can be up to 23 characters with no spaces. If spaces are desired, you may include the whole name in quotation marks.
  • Page 58 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Table 4.2 – Use of rf-1 and rf-2 configurations Topology Node type rf-1 rf-2 Point-to- Link with children Not used Multipoint remote Link with parent Link with parent (if roaming is enabled) root-1 Link with children Not used Tree root-2...
  • Page 59 Operator's Manual Table 4.3– RF parameters ranges AR-9010E AR-9027E AR-24010E AR-24027E AR-24110E Channel ranges 3...27 5...25 1...40 2...39 5...35 Rf-speeds 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.25 (mbps) 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.55 1.375 0.55 1.375 1.10 2.750 1.10 2.750 11.0 Tx power range 0..26...
  • Page 60 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual single-node-reboot timeout-sec=0,15..60000 After power up, a radio attempts to get an RF link with one or more radios. If a radio fails to get a link up (or drops all existing links), it will perform a complete reset after the timeout specified in this command.

  • Page 61: Internet Protocol (Ip) Management Commands

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual inbound. In all other cases select the auto mode. See section 2.3.1 for a more detailed explanation of fixed versus auto splits. At low RF speeds with low cycle period values the radio will not allow you to select some of the more asymmetric splits as they would result in packets that have too few bytes.
  • Page 62 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual round trip delay. This process is repeated until the number of replies reaches the value specified by the “count” parameter (default to 4). A count of zero leaves ping running indefinitely until stopped by the user. Example: >...

  • Page 63: Installation And Link Monitoring Commands

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual udp-configuration console=on or off vital-port-1=1..0xFFFF vital-port-2=1..0xFFFF command-port=1..0xFFFF max-response-bytes=400..65521 socket-mode=1 or 2 peer-address=<ip address> peer-command-port=1..0xFFFF The console parameter turns on or off the radio UDP interface. The factory default is off. You may turn it on for either of the following purposes: 1.To send and receive vital packets which the radio classifies as the highest priority (see section 2.5.2).
  • Page 64 Receive Signal Strength (RSS) level of packets received on the specified antenna. AFAR provides a special cable adapter that converts the three-pin auxiliary port connector into a standard female audio jack. Use this cable to connect the auxiliary port to a pair of standard headphones while aligning the antenna.
  • Page 65 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual show-table table=status or links or tree or radios or ethernet or ip-stack or econsole or properties or sync- delays format=counts or times This command displays various tables in different formats as described below: status table This contains miscellaneous information including system start and run times, unit temperature, input DC voltage, and RF link status.

  • Page 66: Show Ethernet

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 4 rmt-16323 001:05:25 6 bra-15005 207.154.90.163 000:58:20 lf-17001 000:56:33 radios table This command displays both the links table and the tree table described above. ethernet-stations table This table can be displayed in two formats, “counts” (default) and “times”. >show ethernet --Discard-- --Forward--...
  • Page 67 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Network. The radios discard the packets that are known to be local, but forward all other packets to remote radios. These are accounted separately in the report. The “times” format indicates whether that entry is for a “multicast” (MC) address, shows the time when the station was added to the table, and how long since that address has been seen.

  • Page 68: File Utilities

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Examples: >spectrum-analysis antenna=b >spa time-analysis channel=0..50 antenna=a or b display=graph or table dwell-time-ms=1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 This command switches the receiver to the specified antenna (defaults to A) and then measures the RSSI for a single channel over a period of time.
  • Page 69 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual highest baud rate supported by the PC. Then change the terminal settings to match the radio speed. Issue the download command described below and initiate the transfer at the terminal. Examples: >console-speed-bps baud-rate-bps=115200 copy-file source=filename destination=filename Copies the source-file into the destination-file.

  • Page 70: Event Logging Commands

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual the source. Note that the “.bze” extension is required in the command. The download “method” must be “binary” (which is the default). Example: >download C:\load\pmp03_12.bze download the file pmp03_12.bze from the PC directory C:\load into the unit file flash/pmp03_12 If the download is executed from a terminal connected to the Auxiliary port, the file is in ASCII format and has the extension .dwe.
  • Page 71 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual clear-log region= all-events or reboot-reasons This command clears the contents of the system event log from the specified “region”. After a code upgrade it is recommended to clear the reboot reasons since the pointer in non-volatile memory pointing to the reason message may no longer be valid.

  • Page 72: Miscellaneous Commands

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 4.9 Miscellaneous commands date The pulsAR radio will set the internal radio date and time automatically by decoding Network Time Protocol (NTP) packets in the Ethernet LAN. The “zone” parameter specified with the “date” or “time” command will then be used to display the date/time in local time. The “zone” value is saved as part of the radio configuration.
  • Page 73 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Examples: >help monitor-link history Displays the previous commands entered. license key=< ASCII string> The “license” command is used to turn ON or OFF a set of optional features or capabilities. The key is a 35-character string combination of ASCII letters, numbers, and hyphens. The key must be input with the syntax as shown in the example below, including hyphens, for the radio to accept it.
  • Page 74 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 4-26...

  • Page 75: Network Management

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 5 NETWORK MANAGEMENT The radios operate as part of a network environment with many devices. Whether operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or the Information Technology (IT) department of a business, there is often a need to supervise and manage the network from a central Network Operations Center (NOC). This chapter describes the features of the pulsAR radio that are useful for this purpose.

  • Page 76: Telnet Security

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 5.1.3 Telnet Security The remote management capability through Telnet opens the possibility for an unauthorized user to login to any radio accessible through the Internet. The radio configuration can be password protected with the use of the lock and unlock commands. If further security is desired you can specify up to four source IP addresses that are authorized to initiate Telnet sessions with the radio.

  • Page 77: What Is Snmp

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 5.2.2 What is SNMP? The SNMP protocol is described in the following documents:  RFC1157 - Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) - ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1157.txt  RFC1155 - Structure and identification of management information for TCP/IP-based internets - ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1155.txt ...

  • Page 78: Pulsar Radio Management Information Base (Mib)

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual WhatsUp Gold (Ipswitch Inc) http://www.ipswitch.com/ USD 800 (approx) SNMPc (Castle Rock Computing, Inc) http://www.castlerock.com/ USD 900 to USD 2700 (approx, depending on options) OpenView (Hewlett-Packard) http://www.openview.hp.com/ USD 3,000 to USD 10,000 The OpenView product line has been revamped; HP is now positioning it not as a turnkey software product, but as a custom adapted application to be bought through a value-added implementation partner.

  • Page 79: Udp Command Packet Formats

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual With the UDP Command Interface a host computer can issue all the same text commands available through the other interfaces and described in the radio Operator’s Manual. The command text, in ASCII, must be encapsulated in an UDP/IP packet addressed to the radio. The radio replies to every command with text also encapsulated in an UDP/IP packet.
  • Page 80 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Table 5.2. Reply Code Field Code Mnemonic Description CMD_SUCCESS Command executed successfully CMD_RESTART Unsolicited reply at startup. A start command must be given. CMD_TRUNCATED Response text overflow (truncated if over the value specified by max-response-bytes) CMD_NOT_FOUND Unknown Command CMD_AMBIGUOUS Ambiguous abbreviation...

  • Page 81: Rf Link Design

    The pulsAR radio comes equipped with two antenna ports to connect to external antennas. The two ports are typically used with the Mesh/Tree network topology described in section 2. Afar carries the following antennas which cover the needs of most typical applications.

  • Page 82: Rf Path Analysis

    You can use our free “Fresnel Zone Calculator”, shown in figure 6.2, to make all the computations for the RF path analysis and determine if you have adequate antenna height for your links. The calculator is available on our website at http://www.afar.net/fresnel-zone- calculator/...
  • Page 83 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Figure .6.1 – Earth curvature, Fresnel Zone and antenna heights Figure 6.2– Fresnel Zone Calculator...

  • Page 84: Earth Curvature

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 6.2.2 Earth curvature With long links the earth curvature can prevent the two antennas from seeing each other. This is illustrated in tables 6.2 and 6.3, which show the minimum antenna heights required, at both ends of the link, to simply clear the earth surface at various distances.

  • Page 85: Atmospheric Refraction

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Table 6.3 – Antenna heights (feet) to clear the earth and 60% of the Fresnel Zone (2.4 GHz) Distance (miles) Antenna height to clear earth (ft) 60% Fresnel Zone radius at mid-point (ft) Total antenna height required (ft) 6.2.4 Atmospheric Refraction...

  • Page 86: Rf Link Budget Calculations

    You can use our free “RF Link Budget Calculator”, shown in figure 6.4, to make all the required computations and evaluate the trade-off between antenna gains, cable losses etc. The calculator is available on our website at http://www.afar.net/rf-link-budget-calculator/ Figure 6.4: RF Link Budget Calculator Even though your link is bi-directional, in the calculator Site 1 is viewed as the transmitter and Site 2 as the receiver.
  • Page 87 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual The RF link budget calculations are made a lot easier by using “deciBel” units (dB). The deciBel is a logarithmic scale that compares a parameter value against a specific reference. The advantage of working in dB is that you can simply add all the parameters that boost your signal and subtract the ones that attenuate it.
  • Page 88 Receive Sensitivity The radio Receiver Sensitivity is the receive-signal-strength at the input of the radio at which point its "Bit Error Rate (BER)" is at a specified value. Most manufacturers, including Afar, use a BER of 1x10 (1 bit error in one million bits) to specify the radio receiver sensitivity. However make sure you check the specifications when comparing the sensitivity in radios from different manufacturers.

  • Page 89: Appendix A - Command Summary

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual APPENDIX A – Command Summary This appendix lists all commands organized in the respective functional groups. Parameters that are part of the radio configuration are identified by having an entry under the “Factory Configuration” heading. When entering a command, if a parameter that is part of the radio configuration is omitted, the value for that parameter is not modified.
  • Page 90 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Major Configuration Parameters Command Parameters Values Factory Configuration distance-max maximum 10/01/00 units km or miles encryption mode off, des-56, 3-des-112, aes-128, aes-256 (hexadecimal) key-phrase <string> ethernet speed auto-10, 10hdx, 10fdx auto 100hdx, 100fdx, auto, timeout-sec 5..10000 multi-cast-timeout-sec 5..10000 node...
  • Page 91 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Internet Protocol (IP) Management Commands Command Parameters Values Factory Configuration ip-configuration address ip address netmask ip address gateway ip address dhcp-client off, on local-only, radio-onlyf ping destination ip address count 0..500 (def 4) size-bytes 32..1400 snmp manager ip address community...
  • Page 92 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Installation and Link Monitoring Commands Command Parameters Values Factory Configuration antenna-alignment-aid mode off, a-antenna, b-antenna monitor-flow monitor-link node 0,1,4-N clear 0, 1 monitor-roaming show-tables table status, links, tree, radios, ethernet, ip-stack, econsole, properties format count times spectrum-analysis antenna a, b...
  • Page 93 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual File Utilities Command Parameters Values console-speed-bps baud-rate-bps 9600, 19200, 38400 57600, 115200 copy-file source filename destination filename delete-file filename filename directory format short full download-file source path/filename destination path/filename method binary inline run-file filename filename set-default-program filename filename Event Logging Commands...
  • Page 94 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual Miscellaneous Commands Command Parameters Values Factory Configuration date date dd-mmm-yyyy time hh:mm:ss zone offset or code help command history license <35 character string> logout reboot time time hh:mm:ss date dd-mmm-yyyy zone offset or code version...

  • Page 95: Appendix B - Specifications

    Operator's Manual APPENDIX B – Specifications RF Specifications AR-9010E AR-9027E AR-24010E AR-24027E AR-24110E RF Frequency Band (MHz) 902 to 928 902 to 928 2400 to 2483 2400 to 2483 2400 to 2483 Signal Bandwidth (-20 dBc) 1.6 MHz 4.6 MHz...
  • Page 96 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual...

  • Page 97: Appendix C - Channel Frequencies

    The following tables show all the channel frequencies, channel ranges for each model, and suggested assignments to get wide separation between channels. Freq Freq Freq Chan (MHz) Chan (MHz) Chan (MHz) AR-9010E AR-9027E Channel ranges 3..27 5..25 Number of Frequency Model Non-Overlapping Suggested Channel Allocation Separation...
  • Page 98 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual 2.4 GHz Models: The center frequency of each channel can be determined by the following expression: Freq(MHz) = 2400 + 2 x Channel_number: The following tables show all the channel frequencies, channel ranges for each model, and suggested assignments to get wide separation between channels.: Freq Freq...

  • Page 99: Appendix D - Cable Diagrams

    ITEM MANUFACTURER PART NO. DESCRIPTION Belkin Serial Direct Cable Db9, F/F 6’. F3B20706 DRAWN BY DATE AFAR Comm J. Becker 9-16-2003 Lumberg USA 3 Pin Field Connector, Female 0321 03 or 0322 03 (fig. A) CHECKED BY DATE TITLE ** 6’ cable cut in ½ will make two cables.
  • Page 100 3. Insure that all eight conductors reach to end of interior channel before crimping Item #2. 4. Add label near item #2 “Afar Communications / CBL-0503-XXX” where XXX is cable length in feet. For cables shorter than 3 ft, the length is shown as AXX where XX is in inches.
  • Page 101 pulsAR radio Operator's Manual...

  • Page 102: Appendix E - Quick Setup Examples

    pulsAR radio Operator's Manual APPENDIX E – Quick Setup Examples The next pages show examples on how to configure the pulsAR radios to deploy various topologies...
  • Page 103 Wireless Point to Point Bridge Quick Setup Example Coax Coax AC Power AC Power CAT5 CAT5 Minimal Configuration >load factory >load factory >node hub >save >node max-children=1 >save Changing RF Channels (optional) >rf1 rec=18 tr=18 >rf1rec=18 Changing Tx Power (optional) >rf1 power=23 >rf1 power=23 Checking Link Operation...
  • Page 104 Wireless Point to Multi-Point Bridge Quick Setup Example Omni Coax REMOTES AC Power AC Power CAT5 CAT5 Minimal Configuration >load factory >load factory >node hub >save >save Changing RF Channels (optional) >rf1 rec=18 tr=18 >rf1 rec=18 Changing Tx Power (optional) >rf1 power=23 >rf1 power=23 Verifying Network Operation...
  • Page 105 Wireless Linear Network Quick Setup Example Channel 6 Channel 12 Channel 18 Leftmost node Middle Middle Rightmost (2 antennas) (single antenna) >load factory >load factory >load factory >load factory >node type=root-1 >node type=branch >node type=branch >node type=leaf >node max-children=1 >node max-children=1 >node max-children=1 >rf1 ant=b tr=6 rec=6 >rf1 ant=a rec=6...

  • Page 106: Minimum Configuration

    Wireless Tree Network Quick Setup Example Antennas Channel 12 1 – root Omni not used 2 – leaf Directional not used (point to 1) 3 – branch Directional Omni (point to 1) Channel 25 4 – leaf Directional not used (point to 3) 5 –...
  • Page 107 Wireless Tree Network and Roaming (fixed branch locations) Quick Setup Example Antennas Ch 12 1 – root Omni not used 2 – branch Directional Omni (point to 1) 3 – branch Directional Omni Ch 6 Ch 25 (point to 1) 4 –...
  • Page 108 Adaptive Wireless Network with Roaming Branches Setup Example Ch 20 Ch 10 Ch 30 Ch 35 Ch 15 Ch 5 Ch 25 1. Mobile environment: All radios deployed with a single omni antenna on port A 2. Up to 7 access points (root + branches). Each access point is assigned a unique, non-overlapping, channel 3.

This manual is also suitable for:

Ar-24027eAr-9027eAr-24110eAr-24010e

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