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Summary of Contents for Alpha Lomain
- Page 1 Alpha Lomain Ni-Cd Pocket Plate Battery Technical Manual Effective: July 2009 Alpha Technologies...
- Page 2 Power Alpha Technologies ®...
- Page 3 Alpha representative. NOTE: Alpha shall not be held liable for any damage or injury involving its enclosures, power supplies, generators, batteries, or other hardware if used or operated in any manner or subject to any condition not consistent with its intended purpose, or is installed or operated in an unapproved manner, or improperly maintained.
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Safety Notes .......................... 6 Battery Safety Precautions ....................7 Introduction ......................... 9 1.1 Alpha Lomain Theory of Operation ..............11 1.2 Safety terminal ....................14 1.3 Electrode Frame ....................14 1.4 Positive and negative electrode plate ..............14 1.5 Electrolyte ...................... - Page 5 8.2. Single level charge ................... 28 9.0 Periodic Maintenance ....................28 Figures and Tables Fig. 1, Design of an Alpha Lomain Ni-Cd pocket plate cell ..............10 Fig. 2, Detail of plate design .........................11 Fig. 3, Battery Vent ..........................12 Fig.
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Page 6: Safety Notes
Safety Notes Review the drawings and illustrations contained in this manual before proceeding. If there are any questions regarding the safe installation or operation of this product, contact Alpha Technologies or the nearest Alpha representative. Save this document for future reference. -
Page 7: Battery Safety Precautions
Battery Safety Precautions WARNING! Service personnel must always wear protective clothing (e.g., rubber gloves, safety goggles with side guards, or a face shield) when working with electrolyte and on cells / batteries. • The battery pack, which provides backup power, contains dangerous voltages. Only qualified personnel should inspect, service or replace batteries. - Page 8 Battery Safety Precautions, continued • Check the electrolyte temperature from time to time. The temperature of the electrolyte should never exceed 45 °C as higher temperatures have a detrimental effect on the function and duration of the cells. In the course of charging an electrolyte temperature of ≤...
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Page 9: Introduction
1.0 Introduction The Alpha Lomain Ni-Cd pocket plate battery is one of the most reliable batteries available and is well-suited for operation under extreme environmental conditions. Features of the Alpha Lomain Ni-Cd pocket plate battery include the following: • Very good high power rating. -
Page 10: Fig. 1, Design Of An Alpha Lomain Ni-Cd Pocket Plate Cell
Electrode frame; Comprised of electrode edge and side bars. Seals the plates and serves as a current collector Fiber mat separator; special separator insulates the plates and improves the internal recombination. Fig. 1, Design of a Alpha Lomain Ni-Cd pocket plate cell 745-680-B10-001 Rev. A... -
Page 11: Alpha Lomain Theory Of Operation
Since the negative plate provides a much better charge acceptance than the positive plate hydrogen is not evolved until it has reached its fully-charged state. In order to reduce the water consumption Alpha Lomain-concept has been developed based on four distinctive key features: Plate design... -
Page 12: Fig. 3, Battery Vent
Introduction, continued 1.1 Theory of Operation, continued Special seperation system The oxygen created at the positive plate is absorbed by a special felt seperator and prevented to escape from the distance between the plates. Displacement of electrolyte by oxygen boubles occur within the seperator and reach the surface of the negative plate causing the following reaction: Chemically: 2Cd + O2+ 2H2O →... -
Page 13: Fig. 5, Smaller Capacity Batteries
Due to the pressure inside of the battery cell, which is needed to reach a high recombination level, a sturdy cell design is necessary to prevent leakage. The cells of the Lomain battery are injection-molded from a single piece of plastic to prevent leakage of the cell casing and the seams (welded or glued) of the cell cases and the lids are above the electrolyte level. -
Page 14: Safety Terminal
Introduction, continued 1.2 Safety terminal Tha Alpha Lomain battery features a specially developed terminal design with a redundant leak protection to prevent electrolyte leakage. The battery terminals may be either male of female threaded, depending upon the type and range of the battery. In either case, the polarity of the terminals will be clearly indicated (color-coded). -
Page 15: Electrolyte
Introduction, continued 1.4 Positive and negative electrode plate, continued The electrode strips are mechanically linked together to form the electrode plate and are consecutively cut to the appropriate width based on the cell type and range. The plates then are welded or mechanically linked to the plate frame (see Fig. 8) to form the electrodes, then assembled to the plate block. -
Page 16: Battery Range And Applications
2.0 Battery range and applications The Alpha Lomain cell type is used for low rates of discharge over long periods where the current is relatively low in comparison with LOMAIN KGL...P the total stored energy. The discharges can generally be infrequent and the recommend discharge time for the KGL...P range is 1 hour... -
Page 17: Operating Features
4.0 Operating Features 4.1 Capacity The capacity of Nickel-Cadmium batteries is rated in ampere-hours (Ah) and is the quantity of electricity at +20 °C (± 5 °C) available for a 5 hour discharge after being fully charged for 15 hours at 0.2C5. These figures and procedures are based on the IEC 62259 standard. According to IEC 62259, 0.2C5A is also expressed as 0.2 ItA. -
Page 18: Impact Of Temperature On Cell Performance And Available Capacity
The values, which have to be taken into account, can be found in the following graph. Lomain next generation batteries passed a long term temperature test at constant +50°C surrounding temperature followed by a discharge test out of the float mode as indicated on the chart below. -
Page 19: Impact Of Temperature On Lifetime
Ni-Cd battery for high temperature applications. 4.6 Short-circuit values The short-circuit values of a Alpha Lomain Ni-Cd pocket plate battery are unique to each cell range. Contact your dealer for specific information. 4.7 Open circuit loss The state of charge of a cell on open circuit slowly decreases due to its self-discharge. -
Page 20: Cycling
4.0 Operating Features, continued 4.8 Cycling The Alpha Lomain Ni-Cd battery is designed to perform a significant number of charge- discharge cycles in stationary standby operations. The determining factor for the number of charge-discharge cycles the battery is able to provide is the depth of discharge. -
Page 21: Topping Up Interval
In theory, the quantity of water used can be found by Faraday’s equation that each ampere hour of overcharge breaks down 0.336 cm of water. Depending upon the operating temperature of the battery and the charging conditions, the Alpha Lomain battery has a recombination rate of 90%. Calculation of topping up interval for KGL 1390: A cell (KGL 1390P) is floated at 1.41 V/cell... -
Page 22: Sizing The Batteries For Standby Applications
5.0 Sizing method for standby applications The Lomain Ni-Cd pocket-plate batteries used for standby floating applications are sized according to the international sizing method IEEE 1115. A special battery sizing calculation program (available at www.url here.com ) that allows sizing calculations to be made allowing for multiple discharges, and factors such as temperature de-rating and aging. -
Page 23: Floating Effect -Voltage Depression
Therefore, it is necessary to take this effect into consideration when sizing a Lomain Ni-Cd battery. The calculation program allows this factor to be included into the customers´calculation. The floating effect is a reversible effect and can only be eliminated by a full discharge/charge cycle. -
Page 24: Charging
6.0 Charging The Lomain Ni-Cd battery can generally be charged by all normal methods. Usually, batteries in parallel operation with charger and load are charged with constant voltage. For operations where the battery is charged separately from the load, charging with constant current is possible. Overcharging will not damage the battery but will lead to an increase of water consumption. -
Page 25: Charge Acceptance
6.0 Charging, continued 6.2 Charge acceptance Lomain next generation batteries offer improved charging acceptance even in high temperature applications. Available 5-hour-capacity of 5 x KGL 665P after 15 room hours charging at 1.43 V/pc at 30°C room temperature temperature. Fig. 14, Available 5-hour-capacity of 5 x KGM 140P after 15 hours charging at 1.43 V/pc at 30°C Fig. -
Page 26: Charge Efficiency
6.0 Charging, continued 6.3 Charge efficiency The charge efficiency depends mostly on the state of charge of the battery and the ambient temperature as well as the charging current. For much of its charge profile the Ni-Cd battery is charged at a high level of efficiency. As the battery approaches a fully charged condition, the charging efficiency decreases. -
Page 27: Commissioning
During the charge the temperature should be observed see Section 5.3, “Ambient temperature”. Lomain cells stored more than 6 months and up to 1 year: A commissioning charge of 15 hours at 0.1 It A is necessary. During the charge the temperature should be observed see Section 5.3, “Ambient temperature”. -
Page 28: Charging In Operation
9.0 Periodic Maintenance Alpha Lomain are extreme low maintenance batteries and requrire a minimum of maintenance. The following is recommended: The battery must be kept clean using only water. Do not use a wire brush or solvents of any kind. - Page 30 Phone: +33 32 64990 54 Fax: +33 67 54289 44 Due to continuing product improvements, Alpha reserves the right to change specifications without notice. Copyright © 2009 Alpha Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Alpha is a registered trademark of Alpha Technologies. 745-680-B10-001 Rev. A.
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