Page 1 DES-3326 24-Port Fast Ethernet Plus 2-Port Gigabit Module Layer 3 Switch User’s Guide First Edition (June, 2001) 651S3326S015 Printed In Taiwan RECYCLABLE...
Page 2: Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise
Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise Bitte lesen Sie sich diese Hinweise sorgfältig durch. Heben Sie diese Anleitung für den spätern Gebrauch auf. Vor jedem Reinigen ist das Gerät vom Stromnetz zu trennen. Vervenden Sie keine Flüssig- oder Aerosolreiniger. Am besten dient ein angefeuchtetes Tuch zur Reinigung. Um eine Beschädigung des Gerätes zu vermeiden sollten Sie nur Zubehörteile verwenden, die vom Hersteller zugelassen sind.
Page 3: Limitation Of Liability
This Warranty applies on the condition that the product Registration Card is filled out and returned to a D-Link office within ninety (90) days of purchase. A list of D-Link offices is provided at the back of this manual, together with a copy of the Registration Card.
Page 4 Registration Card. If a Registration Card for the product in question has not been returned to a D-Link office, then a proof of purchase (such as a copy of the dated purchase invoice) must be provided when requesting warranty service. The term "purchase" in this software warranty refers to the purchase transaction and resulting license to use such software.
Page 5: Copyright Statement
D-Link Offices for Registration and Warranty Service The product's Registration Card, provided at the back of this manual, must be sent to a D-Link office. To obtain an RMA number for warranty service as to a hardware product, or to obtain warranty service as to a software product, contact the D-Link office nearest you.
Page 6 FCC Warning This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits designed provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when equipment operated in a commercial environment.
Page 7: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents About This Guide ................1 Overview of this User’s Guide............1 Introduction ..................3 Layer 3 Switching ................3 The Functions of a Layer 3 Switch ..........5 Features...................5 Ports....................6 Performance Features ..............6 Layer 2 Features ................6 Layer 3 Switch Features..............8 Traffic Classification and Prioritization ........9 Management.................9 Optional Redundant Power Supply ..........10 Fast Ethernet Technology ............11...
Page 8 STP Port States................42 User-Changeable STA Parameters...........45 Illustration of STP ..............46 Port Aggregation................49 Setting Up IP Interfaces...............51 Notes About VLANs on the DES-3326 ........51 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs ..............53 802.1Q VLAN Packet Forwarding ..........54 802.1Q VLAN Tags ..............55 Port VLAN ID................57 Tagging and Untagging .............59 Ingress Filtering ................59...
Page 9 DHCP Servers ................63 Broadcast Storms................65 Segmenting Broadcast Domains ..........66 Eliminating Broadcast Storms..........66 IP Addressing and Subnetting .............67 Definitions ..................67 IP Addresses................68 Address Classes................70 Subnet Masking .................72 Calculating the Number of Subnets and Nodes.......73 Classless InterDomain Routing – CIDR........74 Internet Protocols .................77 Protocol Layering ...............77 Layer 1..................80 Layer 2..................80...
Page 10 Multicast Spanning Trees ............103 Reverse Path Broadcasting (RPB) ..........103 Reverse Path Multicasting (RPM) ..........104 Multicast Routing Protocols ............105 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) ..105 Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM) ........106 Protocol-Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM) ...107 Routing ..................107 Routing Information Protocol..........107 RIP Version 1 Message Format..........109 RIP 1 Message ................111 RIP 1 Route Interpretation .............111...
Page 11 Serial Port Settings..............140 Switch Operation Mode ..............141 Changing the Switch Operation Mode ........142 Layer 2 Switch Settings............146 Layer 3 IP Routing Protocol Settings ........148 Layer 3 Switch Mode - Setup RIP...........149 Advanced Setup ................152 Configuring VLANs ..............152 VLANs by Switch Operating Mode – Layer 2 Only and IP Routing ..................153 Setting Up IP Interfaces.............163 Multicasting ................168...
Page 12 Uploading a History Log File ..........212 Testing Connectivity with Ping..........213 Layer 3 Utilities ...............214 BOOTP Relay ................214 DNS Relay ................217 Network Monitoring ..............219 Layer 2 Network Monitoring...........219 Port Utilization ................219 Port Error Statistics..............220 Port Packet Analysis Table .............221 MAC Address Forwarding Table..........222 GVRP Status Table ..............223 GMRP Status Table ..............224 IGMP Snooping Table..............225...
Page 13 USING WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT........245 CONFIGURING AND MONITORING THE SWITCH ....253 Technical Specifications ..............349 RJ-45 Pin Specification ..............352 Sample Configuration File ............354 Runtime Switching Software Default Settings......357 Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol ......................359 Blocking State ................360 Listening State .................362 Learning State .................364 Forwarding State ..............366 Disabled State ................368 Troubleshooting STP ..............370...
Page 15: About This Guide
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide BOUT UIDE This User’s guide tells you how to install your DES-3326, how to connect it to your Ethernet network, and how to set its configuration using either the built-in console interface or Web- based management.
Page 16 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Chapter 7, Web-Based Network Management. Tells how to manage the Switch through an Internet browser. Appendix A, Technical Specifications. Lists the technical specifications of the DES-3326. Appendix B, RJ-45 Pin Specifications. Shows the details and pin assignments for the RJ-45 receptacle/connector.
Page 17: Introduction
2 Gigabit Ethernet ports. Where a traditional router would have one or two high-speed serial WAN connections, the DES-3326 relies upon a Fast Ethernet port to connect to a separate device, which in turn, connects the network to a WAN or the Internet.
Page 18 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The DES-3326 can be thought of as 24 Fast Ethernet Layer 2 switching domains with a wire-speed router between each domain. It can be deployed in a network between a traditional router and the intranetwork.
Page 19: The Functions Of A Layer 3 Switch
The DES-3326 Layer 3 switch communicates with a WAN router using a standard Ethernet/Fast Ethernet port. Multiple DES-3326 switches can be linked via the optional, 2-port Gigabit Ethernet module. Features...
Page 20: Ports
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Ports 24 high performance NWay ports all operating at 10/100 Mbps for connecting to end stations, servers and hubs (23 MDI-X 10/100 Ethernet UTP ports and one MDI-II/MDI-X port. The MDI-II/MDI-X port can be switched between the two modes from the front panel.)
Page 21 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide and switches. Connections to hubs must take place at half- duplex. Supports IEEE 802.3x flow control for full-duplex mode ports. Supports Back-pressure flow control for half-duplex mode ports. Auto-polarity detection and correction of incorrect polarity on the transmit and receive twisted-pair at each port.
Page 22: Layer 3 Switch Features
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Supports Port Mirroring. Supports Port Trunking – up to six trunk groups (each consisting of up to eight ports) may be set up. 802.1D Spanning Tree support. 802.1Q Tagged VLAN support – up to 63 User-defined VLANs per device (one VLAN is reserved for internal use).
Page 23: Traffic Classification And Prioritization
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Supports DVMRP. Supports IP multi-netting. Supports IP packet de-fragmentation. Supports Path MTU discovery. Supports 802.1D frame support. Traffic Classification and Prioritization Based on 802.1p priority bits 4 priority queues Management RS-232 console port for out-of-band network management via a console terminal or PC.
Page 24: Optional Redundant Power Supply
BOOTP Relay Agent. IP filtering on the management interface. DCHP Client support. DCHP Relay Agent. DNS Relay Agent. Password enabled. Optional Redundant Power Supply The DES-3326 24+2 Fast Ethernet Layer 3 Switch supports the optional DPS-1000 (Redundant Power Supply) provide...
Page 25: Fast Ethernet Technology
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Fast Ethernet Technology 100Mbps Fast Ethernet (or 100BASE-T) is a standard specified by the IEEE 802.3 LAN committee. It is an extension of the 10Mbps Ethernet standard with the ability to transmit and receive data at 100Mbps, while maintaining the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Ethernet protocol.
Page 26: Unpacking And Setup
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide NPACKING AND ETUP This chapter provides unpacking and setup information for the Switch. Unpacking Open the shipping carton of the Switch and carefully unpack its contents. The carton should contain the following items:...
Page 27: Installation
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Installation Use the following guidelines when choosing a place to install the Switch: The surface must support at least 3 kg. The power outlet should be within 1.82 meters (6 feet) of the device.
Page 28: Rack Installation
Figure 2-1. Installing rubber feet for desktop installation Rack Installation The DES-3326 can be mounted in an EIA standard-sized, 19-inch rack, which can be placed in a wiring closet with other equipment. To install, attach the mounting brackets on the switch’s side panels (one on each side) and secure them with the screws provided.
Page 29: Power On
Figure 2-2B. Installing the switch on an equipment rack Power on The DES-3326 switch can be used with AC power supply 100-240 VAC, 50 - 60 Hz. The power switch is located at the rear of the unit adjacent to the AC power connector and the system fan. The switch’s power supply will adjust to the local power source...
Page 30: Power Failure
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide All LED indicators will momentarily blink. This blinking of the LED indicators represents a reset of the system. The power LED indicator will blink while the Switch loads onboard software performs self-test.
Page 31: Identifying External Components
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide DENTIFYING XTERNAL OMPONENTS This chapter describes the front panel, rear panel, optional plug-in modules, and LED indicators of the DES-3326. Front Panel The front panel of the Switch consists of LED indicators, an RS-232...
Page 32: Rear Panel
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A front-panel slide-in module slot for Gigabit Ethernet ports can accommodate a 2-port 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet module, a 2-port 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet module, a 2-port 1000BASE-LX Gigabit Ethernet module, or a 2-port GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet module.
Page 33: Side Panels
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Side Panels The right side panel of the Switch contains two system fans (see the top part of the diagram below). The left side panel contains heat vents. Figure 3-4. Side panel views of the Switch The system fans are used to dissipate heat.
Page 34: 1000Base-T Module
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 1000BASE-T Module Figure 3-5. 1000BASE-TX two-port module Front-panel module. Connects to 1000BASE-T devices. Supports Category 5e UTP or STP cable connections of up to 100 meters. 1000BASE-SX Fiber Module Figure 3-6. 1000BASE-SX two-port module Front-panel module.
Page 35: 1000Base-Lx Fiber Module
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Connects to 1000BASE-SX devices at full-duplex. Allows connections using multi-mode fiber optic cable in the following configurations: 62.5 m 62.5 m 50 m 50 m Modal bandwidth (min. overfilled launch) Unit: MHz*km...
Page 36: Gbic Two-Port Module
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Supports multi-mode fiber-optic cable connections of up to 550 meters or 5 km single-mode fiber-optic cable connections. GBIC Two-Port Module Figure 3-8. GBIC two-port module Front-panel module. Connects to GBIC devices at full duplex only.
Page 37 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 3-9. The LED indicators Power This indicator on the front panel should be lit during the Power-On Self Test (POST). It will light green approximately 2 seconds after the switch is powered on to indicate the ready state of the device.
Page 38: Connecting The Switch
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ONNECTING WITCH This chapter describes how to connect the DES 3226 to your Fast Ethernet network. Switch to End Node End nodes include PCs outfitted with a 10, 100 or 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet/Fast Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and most routers.
Page 39: Switch To Hub Or Switch
(Port 2x, 3x, etc.) and an Uplink (MDI-II) port. If you are using a crossover cable, the connection must be made from Uplink to Uplink (port 1x on the DES-3326), or from a crossed port to another crossed port.
Page 40: 10Base-T Device
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A 100BASE-TX hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a two-pair Category 5e UTP/STP straight cable. If the other switch or hub contains an unused Uplink port, we suggest connecting the other device’s Uplink (MDI-II) port to any of the switch’s (MDI-X) ports (1x - 22x, or one of the optional...
Page 41: 100Base-Tx Device
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 100BASE-TX Device For a 100BASE-TX device, the Switch’s LED indicators should display the following: 100 LED speed indicator is ON. Link/Act is ON. Connecting The Switch...
Page 42: Switch Management And Operating Concepts
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide WITCH ANAGEMENT PERATING ONCEPTS This chapter discusses many of the concepts and features used to manage the switch, as well as the concepts necessary for the user to understand the functioning of the switch. Further, this chapter explains many important points regarding these features.
Page 43: Diagnostic (Console) Port (Rs-232 Dce)
A network administrator can manage, control and monitor the switch from the console program. The DES-3326 contains a CPU, memory for data storage, flash memory for configuration data, operational programs, and SNMP agent firmware. These components allow the switch to be actively managed and monitored from either the console port or the network itself (out-of-band, or in-band).
Page 44: Ip Addresses And Snmp Community Names
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Make sure the terminal or PC you are using to make this connection is configured to match these settings. If you are having problems making this connection on a PC, make sure the emulation is set to VT-100. If you still don’t see anything, try hitting <Ctrl>...
Page 45 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-1. Boot Screen The switch’s MAC address can also be found from the console program under the Switch Information menu item, as shown below. Figure 5-2. Switch Information Screen In addition, you can also set an IP Address for a gateway router.
Page 46: Traps
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Traps Traps are messages that alert you of events that occur on the Switch. The events can be as serious as a reboot (someone accidentally turned OFF the Switch), or less serious like a port status change.
Page 47: Mibs
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Authentication Failure This trap signifies that someone has tried to logon to the switch using an invalid SNMP community string. The switch automatically stores the source IP address of the unauthorized user.
Page 48: Snmp
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Identity (OID) at the network manager. MIB values can be either read-only or read-write. Read-only MIBs variables can be either constants that are programmed into the Switch, or variables that change while the Switch is in operation.
Page 49: Authentication
Modifying the configuration of network devices. The DES-3326 has a software program called an ‘agent’ that processes SNMP requests, but the user program that makes the requests and collects the responses runs on a management station (a designated computer on the network).
Page 50: Mac Address Aging Time
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide receives a packet destined for a station on Port 2, the Switch transmits that packet through Port 2 only, and transmits nothing through the other ports. This process is referred to as ‘learning’...
Page 51 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Each port on the switch is a unique collision domain and the switch filters (discards) packets whose destination lies on the same port as where it originated. This keeps local packets from disrupting communications on other parts of the network.
Page 52: Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree is incorrectly configured. Please read the following before making any changes from the default values. The DES-3326 STP allows two levels of spanning trees to be configured. The first level constructs a spanning tree on the links between switches. This is referred to as the Switch or Global level.
Page 53: Stp Operation Levels
Reconfigures the spanning tree without operator intervention. STP Operation Levels The DES-3326 switch allows for two levels of operation: the switch level and the port level. The switch level forms a spanning tree consisting of links between one or more switches. The port level constructs a spanning tree consisting of groups of one or more ports.
Page 54 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide address Priority A relative priority for each switch – 32768 lower numbers give a higher priority and a greater chance of a given switch being elected as the root bridge Hello Time...
Page 55: Bridge Protocol Data Units
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Table 5-2. STP Parameters – Port Group Level Bridge Protocol Data Units For STP to arrive at a stable network topology, the following information is used: The unique switch identifier The path cost to the root associated with each switch port...
Page 56: Creating A Stable Stp Topology
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A designated switch is selected. This is the switch closest to the root switch through which packets will be forwarded to the root. A port for each switch is selected. This is the port providing the best path from the switch to the root switch.
Page 57 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide through to further ensure that a stable network topology is created after a topology change. Each port on a switch using STP exists is in one of the following five states: Blocking – the port is blocked from forwarding or receiving packets Listening –...
Page 58 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-3. STP Port State Transitions When you enable STP, every port on every switch in the network goes through the blocking state and then transitions through the states of listening and learning at power up.
Page 59: User-Changeable Sta Parameters
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Feature Default Value Enable state STP enabled for all ports Port priority Port cost Bridge Priority 32,768 Table 5-3. Default STP Parameters User-Changeable STA Parameters The factory default setting should cover the majority of installations.
Page 60: Illustration Of Stp
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide permission to become the Root Bridge. If it turns out that your Switch has the lowest Bridge Identifier, it will become the Root Bridge. Forward Delay Timer The Forward Delay can be from 4 to 30 seconds.
Page 61 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Bridge A broadcasts a packet to Bridge C, then Bridge C will drop the packet at port 2 and the broadcast will end there. Setting-up STP using values other than the defaults, can be complex.
Page 62 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-5. After Applying the STA Rules The switch with the lowest Bridge ID (switch C) was elected the root bridge, and the ports were selected to give a high port cost between switches B and C.
Page 63: Port Aggregation
1000BASE-SX, -LX –TX or GBIC ports contained in a front-panel mounted module. The DES-3326 allows the creation of up to 6 link aggregation groups, each group consisting of up to 8 links (ports). aggregated links must be contiguous (they must have sequential port numbers), except the two (optional) Gigabit ports –...
Page 64 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-6. 800 Mbps Link Aggregation Group Data transmitted to a specific host (destination address) will always be transmitted over the same port in a trunk group. This Switch Management and Operating Concepts...
Page 65: Setting Up Ip Interfaces
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide allows packets in a data stream to arrive in the same order they were sent. A trunk connection can be made with any other switch that maintains host-to-host data streams over a single trunk port.
Page 66 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide a network device performing a routing function between the VLANs. 2. The DES-3326 supports only IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. The port untagging function can be used to remove the 802.1Q tag from packet headers to maintain compatibility with devices that are tag-unaware.
Page 67: Ieee 802.1Q Vlans
IEEE 802.1Q (tagged) VLANs are implemented on the DES-3326 Layer 3 switch. 802.1Q VLANs require tagging, which enables them to span the entire network (assuming all switches on the network are IEEE 802.1Q-compliant).
Page 68: 802.1Q Vlan Packet Forwarding
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide headers. The tagging feature allows VLANs to span multiple 802.1Q-compliant switches through a single physical connection and allows Spanning Tree to be enabled on all ports and work normally. The IEEE 802.1Q standard restricts the forwarding of untagged packets to the VLAN the receiving port is a member of.
Page 69: 802.1Q Vlan Tags
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-7. IEEE 802.1Q Packet Forwarding 802.1Q VLAN Tags The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC address. Their presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the EtherType field.
Page 70 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in the following two octets and consists of 3 bits or user priority, 1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI – used for encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can be carried across Ethernet backbones) and 12 bits of VLAN ID (VID).
Page 71: Port Vlan Id
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Control. Because the packet is now a bit longer than it was originally, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) must be recalculated. Figure 5-9. Adding an IEEE 802.1Q Tag Port VLAN ID Packets that are tagged (are carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted from one 802.1Q compliant network device to...
Page 72 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide the port that corresponded to the packet’s destination address (found in the switch’s forwarding table). If the PVID of the port that received the packet is different from the PVID of the port that is to transmit the packet, the switch will drop the packet.
Page 73: Tagging And Untagging
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide the packet should be untagged. If the transmitting port is connected to a tag-aware device, the packet should be tagged. Tagging and Untagging Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can be configured as tagging or untagging.
Page 74: Layer 3-Based Vlans
3 information, but this does not constitute a ‘routing’ function. The DES-3326 allows an IP subnet to be configured for each 802.1Q VLAN that exists on the switch. Even though a switch inspects a packet’s IP address to determine...
Page 75: Vlans In Layer 2 Only Mode
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A switch that implements layer 3 (or ‘subnet’) VLANs without performing any routing function between these VLANs is referred to as performing ‘IP Switching’. Note: IP switching does not allow packets to cross VLANs without a network device performing a routing function between the VLANs (IP subnets).
Page 76 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Note: An IP addressing scheme must be determined before the IP interfaces can be setup on the switch. Some consideration is required to arrive at an addressing scheme that will suit the needs of a given network. Please see the section titled IP Addressing and Subnetting in Chapter 5 for more information.
Page 77: Dhcp Servers
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Using a 10.xxx.xxx.xxx IP address notation would give 6 network addresses: VLAN Name Network Address System (default) 10.32.0.0 Engineering 10.64.0.0 Marketing 10.96.0.0 Finance 10.128.0.0 Sales 10.160.0.0 Backbone 10.192.0.0 Table 5-5. VLAN Example – Assigned Network Addresses The 6 IP interfaces, each with an IP address (or network) address (listed in the table above), and a subnet mask of 255.224.0.0 can be...
Page 78 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide configuration, ensures that address conflicts do not occur, and helps to conserve the use of IP addresses through the centralized management of address allocation. Note: For multiple DHCP servers on different subnets to...
Page 79: Broadcast Storms
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide configuration information. IF the lease expires or if a DHCP server responds with a negative acknowledgement, the client must release its current configuration, and then return to the initializing state. If the DHCP client uses more than one network adapter to connect to multiple networks, this protocol is followed for each adapter that the user wants to configure for TCP/IP.
Page 80: Segmenting Broadcast Domains
In the DES-3326, the default trigger threshold is set to 128,000 broadcast packets per second (128 Kpps) for both 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet ports and the optional 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet ports.
Page 81: Ip Addressing And Subnetting
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The thresholds can be set separately for the two types of ports and can easily be modified by using a normal SNMP management program or through the console interface. IP Addressing and Subnetting This section gives basic information needed to configure your Layer 3 switch for IP routing.
Page 82: Ip Addresses
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In a subnetted network, all addresses consist of two parts: an IP address and a subnet mask. The two are used together and one is meaningless without the other. IP Addresses The Internet Protocol (IP) was originally designed to allow communication across network sites comprising the Internet.
Page 83 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Note that in the third value of the third IP address, ‘0’ is represented in binary form as ‘00000000’ and that the forth value, ‘1’ is represented in binary form as ‘00000001’.
Page 84: Address Classes
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide which part belongs to the destination and which part belongs to the network. Address Classes An IP addressing scheme using ‘classes’ of IP addresses was developed to make the task of subnetting networks easier. This scheme is consistent and easy to deploy, but is wasteful of IP address space.
Page 85 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide So there are three classes available for the classed IP addressing scheme. The classed IP addresses are divided into the network part and the node (end station) part: Class A NETWORK.node.node.node Class B NETWORK.NETWORK.node.node Class C NETWORK.NETWORK.NETWORK.node...
Page 86: Subnet Masking
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide the last octet is set to “1”s for the broadcast address and that for a Class A networks, the last three octets are set to “1”s for the broadcast address. Subnet Masking A subnet mask can be applied to an IP address to identify the network and the node parts of the address.
Page 87: Calculating The Number Of Subnets And Nodes
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide address. Addresses of all “0”s and all “1”s are reserved for the local network (when a host does not know it’s network address) and for all hosts on the network (the broadcast address). This also applies to subnets.
Page 88: Classless Interdomain Routing - Cidr
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 00001010.00101010.11111111.11111111 10.32.255.255 Broadcast Address This example uses a 3-bit subnet mask. (There are 3 additional bits added to the default Class A subnet mask of 8 bits). So the number of subnets is: –...
Page 89 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide CIDR allows IP address space to be assigned in a way that the total number of available IP addresses in the assigned space more closely matches the network’s actual needs. This method has been adapted for use in intranetworks from the Internet.
Page 90 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 255.255.255.128 131070 16514820 255.255.255.192 262142 16252804 255.255.255.224 525286 15728580 255.255.255.240 1048574 14680036 255.255.255.248 2097150 12582900 255.255.255.252 4194302 8388604 Table 5-7. Class A Subnet Masks # of Subnet Mask CIDR # of # of...
Page 91: Internet Protocols
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Internet Protocols This is a brief introduction to the suite of Internet Protocols frequently referred to as TCP/IP. It is intended to give the reader a reasonable understanding of the available facilities and some familiarity with terminology.
Page 92 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-10. OSI Seven Layer Network Model Each layer is a distinct set of programs executing a distinct set of protocols designed to accomplish some necessary tasks. They are separated from the other layers within the same system or network, but must communicate and interoperate.
Page 93 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide communicate within a stack (for example, within a given computer) is left to the operating system programmers. Figure 5-11. The Protocol Stack Between two protocol stacks, members of the same layer are known as peers and communicate by well-known (open and published) protocols.
Page 94: Layer 1
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide long as peers can communicate and interoperate, this has no impact on the functioning of the network. The communication between layers within a given protocol stack can be both different from a second stack and proprietary, but communication between peers on the same OSI layer is open and consistent.
Page 95: Layer 3
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Commonly referred to as the routing layer, this layer provides logical partitioning of networks (subnetting), scalability, security, and Quality of Service (QoS). The backbone of the Internet is built using Layer 3 functions. IP is the premier Layer 3 protocol.
Page 96: Layer 7
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide TCP forces retransmission of data that was lost by the lower layers, UDP does not. Layer 7 This layer, known as the application layer, provides access to either the end user application software such as a database. Users communicate with the application, which in turn delivers data to the transport layer.
Page 97 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide TCP makes sure the e-mail commands and messages are received by the appropriate computers. It keeps track of what is sent and what is received, and retransmits any packets that are lost or dropped.
Page 98: Packet Headers
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide protocol put the entire envelope into it’s own, larger envelope. This process is referred to as encapsulation. Many levels of encapsulation are required for a packet to cross the Internet. Packet Headers TCP Level Most data transmissions are much longer that a single packet.
Page 99 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-12. TCP Packet Header When packets have been successfully received, TCP sends an acknowledgement. This is simply a packet that has the acknowledgement number field filled in. An acknowledgement number of 1000 indicates that all of the data up to octet 1000 has been received.
Page 100: Ip Level
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide number in the window field. In practice, a single packet can acknowledge the receipt of data and give permission for more data to be sent. IP Level TCP sends its packets to IP with the source and destination IP addresses.
Page 101: Ethernet Level
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-13. IP Packet Header The flags and fragment offset are used to keep track of packets that must be divided among several smaller packets to cross networks for which they are too large.
Page 102 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Ethernet header is 14 octets that include the source and destination MAC address and a type code. There is no relationship between the MAC address of a network node and its IP address. There must be a database of Ethernet addresses and their corresponding IP addresses.
Page 103: Well-Known Sockets And The Application Layer
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide header and looks at its protocol field. If the protocol field is TCP, the packet is sent to TCP. TCP then looks at the sequence number and uses this number and other data from the headers to reassemble the data into the original file.
Page 104: Udp And Icmp
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A TCP connection is then described by a set of four numbers – the IP address and TCP port number for the local computer, and the IP address and TCP port number for the remote computer. The IP address is in the IP header and the TCP port number is in the TCP header.
Page 105 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide designated computer on the network will contain a database of computer names and their corresponding IP and MAC addresses. The user’s computer will send a query to the name database computer, and the database computer will send a response. Both the query and the response are very short.
Page 106: The Domain Name System
Internet and has been adapted for use within intranets. For two DNS servers to communicate across different subnets, the DNS Relay of the DES-3326 must be used. The DNS servers are identified by IP addresses. Mapping Domain Names to Addresses Name-to-address translation is performed by a program called a Name server.
Page 107: Domain Name Resolution
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Domain Name Resolution The domain name system can be used by contacting the name servers one at a time, or by asking the domain name system to do the complete name translation.
Page 108 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide to any other system, but when packets must cross other networks to reach a destination on a remote network, these packets must be handled by gateways (also called routers). Gateways connect a network with one or more other networks.
Page 109: Packet Fragmentation And Reassembly
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Packet Fragmentation and Reassembly TCP/IP can be used with many different types of networks, but not all network types can handle the same length packets. When IP is transmitting large files, large packets are much more efficient than small ones.
Page 110: Multicasting
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A local computer will maintain an ARP cache which is a table of MAC addresses and the corresponding IP addresses. Before a connection with another computer is made, the local computer first checks its ARP cache to determine whether the remote computer has an entry.
Page 111: Multicast Addressing
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide single network device to another, single network device. Broadcast packets are sent to all devices on the subnetwork. Multicast defines a group of network devices or computers that will receive the multicast packets.
Page 112 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 224.0.0.3 Unassigned 224.0.0.4 DVMRP Routers 224.0.0.5 OSPF IGP Routers 224.0.0.6 OSPF IGP Designated Routers 224.0.0.7 ST Routers 224.0.0.8 ST Hosts 224.0.0.9 All RIP2 Routers 224.0.0.10 All IGRP Routers 224.0.0.11 Mobile Agents 224.0.0.12 DHCP Servers and Relay Agents 224.0.0.13...
Page 113: Internet Group Management Protocol (Igmp)
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) End users that want to receive multicast packets must be able to inform nearby routers that they want to become a multicast group member of the group these packets are being sent to.
Page 114 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Type Meaning 0X11 Membership Query (if Group Address is 0.0.0.0) 0x11 Specific Group Membership Query (if Group Address is Present) 0x16 Membership Report (version 2) 0x17 Leave a Group (version 2) 0x12 Membership Report (version 1) Table 5-11.
Page 115 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The router with the lowest IP address is elected as the querier. The explicit group leave message is added to decrease latency, and routers can ask for membership reports from a particular multicast group ID.
Page 116: Multicast Routing Algorithms
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Multicast Routing Algorithms An algorithm is not a program. An algorithm is a statement of how a problem can be solved. A program is written to implement an algorithm. Multicast packets are delivered by constructing multicast trees...
Page 117: Multicast Spanning Trees
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Multicast Spanning Trees A multicast delivery tree that spans the entire network with a single active link between routers (or subnetwork) is called a multicast spanning tree. Links (or branches) are chosen such that there is only one active path between any two routers.
Page 118: Reverse Path Multicasting (Rpm)
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide have the local router prune the branch from the multicast source to the neighboring router because the neighboring router has a better route from the source to the next router or subnetwork).
Page 119: Multicast Routing Protocols
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide between a given multicast source and the corresponding multicast group. Since the membership of any given multicast group can change and the network topology can also change, RPM periodically removes all of the prune information it has gathered from it’s memory, and the entire process repeats.
Page 120: Protocol-Independent Multicast (Pim)
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide prune branches of the delivery tree that are either not on the shortest path back to the multicast source, or that have no active multicast group members. A ‘graft’ message is added that allows a previously pruned branch of the multicast delivery tree to be reactivated.
Page 121: Protocol-Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (Pim-Dm)
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Protocol-Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM) PIM-DM uses the RPM algorithm to construct multicast delivery trees, but requires the presence of a unicast routing protocol to find routes back to the multicast source.
Page 122 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RIP measures distance by an integer count of the number of hops from one network to another. A router is one hop from a directly connected network, two hops from a network that can be reached through a router, etc.
Page 123: Rip Version 1 Message Format
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide update has been received. This allows all routers on the network to receive the message. A router can ‘poison reverse’ a route by adding an infinite (16) hop count to a route’s advertisement.
Page 124 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-19. RIP v.1 Message Format The COMMAND field operations are defined in the following table: Command Meaning Request for partial or full routing information Response containing network-distance pairs from sender’s routing...
Page 125: Rip 1 Message
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Update Request Update Response Update Acknowledgement Table 5-12. RIP Command Codes The field VERSION contains the protocol version number (1 in this case), and is used by the receiver to verify which version of RIP the packet was sent from.
Page 126: Rip Version 2 Extensions
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide that use the same subnet mask as the router’s network can contain subnetted routes, other interfaces cannot. The router will then advertise only a single route to the network. RIP Version 2 Extensions...
Page 127 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-21. Rip Message Format RIP version 2 also adds a 16-bit route tag that is retained and sent with router updates. It can be used to identify the origin of the route.
Page 128: Configuring The Switch Using The Console Interface
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ONFIGURING THE WITCH SING THE ONSOLE NTERFACE Your 24-port NWay Ethernet Layer 3 Switch supports a console management interface that allows you to set up and control your Switch, either with an ordinary terminal (or terminal emulator), or over the network using the TCP/IP TELNET protocol.
Page 129: Before You Start
Layer 2 Only mode. Before You Start The DES-3326 Layer 3 Switch supports a wide array of functions and gives great flexibility and increased network performance by eliminating the routing bottleneck between the WAN or Internet and the Intranet.
Page 130: Vlan Layout
7. Develop a redundancy scheme. Planning redundant links and routes to network critical resources can save valuable time in case of a link or device failure. The DES-3326 Spanning Tree function can be used to block the redundant link until it is needed.
Page 131: Assigning Ip Network Addresses And Subnet Masks To Vlans
Assigning IP Network Addresses and Subnet Masks to VLANs The DES-3326 allows the assignment of IP subnets to individual VLANs. Any VLAN configured on the switch that is not assigned an IP subnet, will behave as a layer 2 VLAN and will not be capable of IP routing –...
Page 132: Defining Static Routes
Routes between the IP interfaces and a default gateway or other router with a WAN connection should be determined beforehand and entered into the static/default routing table on the DES-3326. Connecting to the Switch You can use the console interface by connecting the Switch to a VT100-compatible terminal or a computer running an ordinary terminal emulator program (e.g., the terminal program included...
Page 133: Console Usage Conventions
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Console Usage Conventions The console interface makes use of the following conventions: 1. Items in <angle brackets> can be toggled between several choices using the space bar. 2. Items in [square brackets]can be changed by typing in a new value.
Page 134 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-1. Initial screen, first time connecting to the Switch Note: There is no initial username or password. Leave the username and password fields blank. Note: The switch’s operational mode (Layer 3 or Layer 2) is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of every menu in the console.
Page 135: Creating User Accounts
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-2. Main Menu Note: The first user automatically gets Root privileges (See Table 6-1). It is recommended to create at least one Root- level user for the Switch. Creating User Accounts...
Page 136 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-3. Main Menu Figure 6-4. Setup User Accounts Menu Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 137: User Accounts Management
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide User Accounts Management From the Main Menu, highlight Setup User Accounts and press Enter, then the Setup User Accounts menu appears. 1. Toggle the Action:< > field to <Add> using the space bar.
Page 138: Saving Changes
You can logon again and are now ready to continue configuring the Switch. Saving Changes The DES-3326 has two levels of memory; normal RAM and non- volatile or NV-RAM. Configuration changes are made effective by highlighting Apply and pressing Enter. When this is done, the settings will be immediately applied to the switching software in RAM, and will immediately take effect.
Page 139 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Some settings, though, require you to restart the switch before they will take effect. Restarting the switch erases all settings in RAM and reloads the stored settings from the NV-RAM. Thus, it is necessary to save all setting changes to NV-RAM before rebooting the switch.
Page 140: Factory Reset
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-7. Save Changes Screen Once the switch configuration settings have been saved to NV- RAM, they become the default settings for the switch. These settings will be used every time the switch is rebooted.
Page 141 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-8. Main Menu Highlight Reboot from the Main Menu and press Enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 142: Logging Onto The Switch Console
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-9. System Reboot Menu Highlight the appropriate choice and press Enter to reset the switch’s NV-RAM to the factory default settings (or just reboot the switch). Loading the Factory Default Configuration will erase any User Accounts (and all other configuration settings) you may have entered and return the switch to the state it was in when it was purchased.
Page 143 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-10. User Accounts Management menu 1. Toggle the Action:<Add> field using the space bar to choose Add, Update, or Delete. 2. Type in the Username for the user account you wish to change and enter the Old Password for that user account.
Page 144: Viewing Current User Accounts
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 6. Highlight APPLY and press enter to make the change effective. 7. You must enter the configuration changes into the non- volatile ram (NV-RAM) using Save Changes from the Main Menu if you want the configuration to be used after a switch reboot.
Page 145: Deleting A User Account
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-11. Viewing User Accounts Deleting a User Account To delete a user account: Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 146: Setting Up The Switch
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-12. Deleting User Accounts 1. Toggle the Action:<Add> field to Delete. 2. Enter the Username and Old Password for the account you want to delete. You must enter the password for the account to be able to delete it.
Page 147: Switch Information
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-13. Main Menu – Basic Setup Switch Information Highlight Switch Information from the Main Menu and press Enter:: Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 148: Remote Management Setup
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-14. Switch Information Menu The Switch Information shows the type of switch (Layer 3), which (if any) external modules are installed, and the switch’s MAC Address (assigned by the factory and unchangeable). In addition, the Boot PROM and Firmware Version numbers are shown.
Page 149 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide protocol or the WEB-based Manager. Please see the next chapter for Web-based network management information. The Remote Management Setup menu lets you specify how the switch will be assigned an IP address to allow the switch to be identified on the network.
Page 150 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Ethernet interface used for in-band communication, and the SLIP interface used over the console port for out-of-band communication. The fields listed under the Current Settings heading are those that are currently being used by the switch. Those fields listed under the Restart Settings heading are those which will be used after the switch has been Rebooted.
Page 151: Setting Up Trap Receivers
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Subnet Mask – A Bitmask that determines the extent of the subnet that the Switch is on. Should be of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where each xxx is a number (represented in decimal) between 0 and 255.
Page 152 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-16. Setup Trap Recipients Menu The IP Address field is the IP address of a management station (usually a computer) that is configured to receive the SNMP traps from the switch.
Page 153: Configure Ports
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Configure Ports Highlight Configure Ports from the main menu and press enter: Figure 6-17. Configure Ports Screen Toggle the View Ports:<1 to 12 > field, using the space bar, to view the configuration of either ports 1 through 12 or ports 13 through 24.
Page 154: Serial Port Settings
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Serial Port Settings The Serial Port Settings screen allows the configuration of the switch’s serial port and out-of-band TCP/IP communications using SLIP. Highlight Serial Port Settings and press enter. Figure 6-18. Serial Port Settings Screen Toggle the Select Protocol:<...
Page 155: Switch Operation Mode
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Applies only when the serial port is being used for out- of-band (SLIP) management; it does not apply when the port is used for the console port. Available speeds are 2400, 9600, 19,200 and 38,400 bits per second. The default setting is 9600.
Page 156: Changing The Switch Operation Mode
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide supported and the switch is considered as a VLAN- tag aware device. IP Routing with IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support: the switching process is based upon the IP source and destination addresses, if present.
Page 157 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight Switch Operation Mode on the Switch Settings menu and press enter. Figure 6-20. Switch Mode Selection Screen The field Select switch operation mode:< > can be toggled using the space bar to one of the two switch operation modes: Layer 2 Only, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs and IP Routing,...
Page 158 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-21. Change Mode Confirmation Screen Type y and press Enter. The switch will then save the changes made during the current session and reboot. The switch must be rebooted to change the operation mode.
Page 159 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-22. Main Menu – Layer 3 IP Routing Mode Figure 6-23. Main Menu – Layer 2 Switching Mode Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 160: Layer 2 Switch Settings
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 2 Switch Settings Note: Layer 2 Switch functions and settings are also available when the switch is configured to operate in the IP Routing (Layer 3) mode. To access the Layer 2 Switch Settings menu, highlight Layer 2 Switch Settings on the Switch Settings menu and press Enter: Figure 6-24.
Page 161 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide may cause entries to be aged out to soon, resulting in a high percentage of received packets whose source addresses cannot be found in the address table, in which case the switch will broadcast the packet to all ports, negating many of the benefits of having a switch.
Page 162: Layer 3 Ip Routing Protocol Settings
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 IP Routing Protocol Settings Note: These IP Routing Protocol Settings are only for enabling or disabling, globally, routing protocols available on the switch. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is setup under IP Networking from the Main Menu.
Page 163: Layer 3 Switch Mode - Setup Rip
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide DVMRP Include Report from Unknown Neighbor :<Disabled> This field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar. This enables or disables the inclusion of DVMRP membership reports from unknown neighbor routers.
Page 164 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-26. RIP Configuration Menu RIP Status:<Disabled> can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar. This function allows the RIP protocol to be turned on or off without changing the RIP setup.
Page 165 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-27. Layer 3 – Setup RIP Menu Interface Name:[ ] is the name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be setup. This interface must be previously configured on the switch.
Page 166: Advanced Setup
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RIP protocol will be used to interpret received RIP packets. Disabled prevents the reception of RIP packets. Advanced Setup The switch operation mode setting changes the menus and configuration options for the Advanced Setup of the switch. This...
Page 167: Vlans By Switch Operating Mode - Layer 2 Only And Ip Routing
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Packets cannot cross layer 2 VLANs. If a member of one layer 2 VLAN wants to connect to another layer 2 VLAN, it must be through a router. VLANs by Switch Operating Mode –...
Page 168 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-27. VLAN Menu To create an 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Edit 802.1Q VLANs and press Enter: Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 169 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-28. Edit 802.1Q VLANs Menu To create an 802.1Q VLAN, toggle the Action: <Add/Modify> field to Add/Modify using the space bar. Enter a VLAN ID number in the VID#[ ] field and a name for the new VLAN in the VLAN Name:[ ] field.
Page 170 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight the first field of Tagging (U/T):[ ][ ][ ] field. Each port’s state can be set by highlighting the port’s entry using the arrow keys and then toggling between U or T using the space bar.
Page 171 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-29. Edit 802.1Q VLANs Menu To configure the member ports of an 802.1Q VLAN: Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 172 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-30. VLAN Menu To configure the port settings of an 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Configure 802.1Q Port Settings and press enter: Figure 6-31. Configure 802.1Q Port Settings Each port can be configured to use an Ingress Filter. The ports to be configured in a given session can be identified by either entering a range of port numbers or by entering the PVID#.
Page 173 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide PVID – Port VLAN Identifier – is a classification mechanism that associates a port with a specific VLAN and is used to make forwarding decisions for untagged packets received by the port. For example, if port #2 is assigned a PVID of 3, then all untagged packets received on port #2 will be assigned to VLAN 3.
Page 174 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-32. VLAN Menu To edit an existing 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Edit 802.1Q VLANs and press Enter: Figure 6-33. Edit 802.1Q VLANs Menu Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 175 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide edit existing 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Action:<Add/Modify> field and toggle between Add/Modify and Delete. In the Add/Modify mode, both individual entrees to a selected VLAN and entire VLANs can be added. In the Delete mode, entire VLANs can be deleted.
Page 176 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide - (Non-Member) specifies the port as not being a member of the VLAN, but the port can become a member of the VLAN dynamically. To edit a port’s Tagged or Untagged status: Highlight the first field of Tagging (U/T):[ ][ ][ ] field.
Page 177: Setting Up Ip Interfaces
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide PVID – Port VLAN Identifier – is a classification mechanism that associates a port with a specific VLAN and is used to make forwarding decisions for untagged packets received by the port. For example, if port #2 is assigned a PVID of 3, then all untagged packets received on port #2 will be assigned to VLAN 3.
Page 178 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide configured prior to setting up the corresponding IP interface. An IP addressing scheme must then be established, and implemented when the IP interfaces are set up on the switch. An example is presented below:...
Page 179 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Finance 10.128.0.0 Sales 10.160.0.0 Backbone 10.192.0.0 Table 6-2. VLAN Example – Assigned Network Addresses The 6 IP interfaces, each with an IP address (or network) address (listed in the table above), and a subnet mask of 255.224.0.0 can be entered into the Setup IP Interface menu.
Page 180 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-34. Layer 3 - Main Menu Highlight Layer 3 IP Networking from the Main Menu and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 181 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-35. Layer 3 – IP Networking Menu Highlight Setup IP Interface and press enter. Figure 6-36. Layer 3 – IP Networking Menu Toggle the Action:<Add/Modify> field to Add/Modify. Choose a name for the interface to be added and enter it in the Interface Name:[ ] field.
Page 182: Multicasting
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Interface Name:[ ] allows the entry of a name for the IP interface. The default IP interface is named “System”. IP Address:[ ] is the IP address to be assigned to this subnet.
Page 183 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-37. Multicast Menu To Enable or Disable IGMP Snooping for a VLAN, highlight IGMP Snooping Settings, and press enter. Figure 6-38. IGMP Snooping Settings Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 184 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To edit a VLAN’s IGMP Snooping Settings: Enter the VID of the VLAN for which the IGMP settings are to be edited. The State:< > field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar.
Page 185: Ieee 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-39. Layer 2 Switch Settings Highlight the IGMP Snooping:< > field and toggle between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar. This enables or disables IGMP Snooping globally for the switch.
Page 186 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-40. Setup IEEE 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. To add a new entry to the multicast forwarding table, select Add/Modify and enter the VID of the VLAN that will be receiving the multicast packets.
Page 187: Static Router Port
IGMP snooping or transmit/forward IGMP report packets. Thus, forwarding all IP UDP multicast packets to a static router port on the DES-3326 guarantees that all multicast routers – attached to the DES-3326 – can reach all multicast group members. To setup a static router port, highlight Static Router Port Settings from the Multicasting Menu and press enter.
Page 188 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-41. Static Router Port Settings Note: All IGMP Report packets will be forwarded to the router port. Note: IGMP queries (from the router port) will be flooded to all ports. Note: A router port will be dynamically configured when IGMP query packets, RIPv2 multicast, DVMRP multicast, PIM-DM multicast packets are detected flowing into a port.
Page 189: Layer 3 Multicasting
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight APPLY and press enter to make the changes current. Use Save Changes from the Main Menu to enter the changes into NV-RAM. To delete an entry, select Delete and enter the VID of the VLAN for which the router port table entry is to be deleted.
Page 190 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-43. IEEE 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding Settings Action:<Add/Modify> field toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. To add a new entry to the multicast forwarding table, select Add/Modify and enter the VID of the VLAN that will be receiving the multicast packets.
Page 191 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ports that will be transmitting traffic for the multicast group. F - (Forbidden Non-Member) specifies the port as not being a member of the multicast group and that the port is forbidden from becoming a member of the multicast group dynamically.
Page 192 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-45. Multicast Interface Configuration Enter the name of the IP interface that is to be configured for multicasting in the Interface Name:[ ] field. This must be a previously configured IP interface. See Setting up IP Interfaces, Chapter 6 of this manual for more information.
Page 193 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-46. IGMP Interface Configuration Enter the name of the interface in the Interface-Name:[ ] field. This interface must be previously defined. The Ver:< > field can be toggled between 1 and 2. This is the version of IGMP that the interface will use (IGMP version 1 or version 2).
Page 194: Dvmrp
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide DVMRP To configure DVMRP for an IP interface: Highlight DVMPR Interface Configuration from the Setup IP Multicast menu and press enter. Figure 6-47. DVMRP Interface Configuration Enter the name of the IP interface for which DVMRP is to be configured in the Interface Name:[ ] field.
Page 195 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide networks, and can be considered as a ‘best-effort’ multicasting protocol. See Chapter 5, Distance-Vector Multicasting Routing Protocol for more information. DVMRP resembles the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), but is extended for multicast delivery. It relies upon RIP hop counts to calculate ‘shortest paths’...
Page 196: Pim-Dm
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide of the multicast delivery tree (not ‘pruned’) – if there is an alternative route. The Probe Interval:[10 ] field allows an entry between 1 and 65,535 seconds and defines the interval between ‘probes’. DVMRP...
Page 197 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-48. PIM-DM Interface Configuration Enter the name of the IP interface for which PIM-DM is to be configured in the Interface Name:[ ] field. This must be a previously defined IP interface. See Setting up IP Interfaces, Chapter 6 of this manual for more information.
Page 198: Static Router Port
IGMP multicast group membership messages to reach a multicast router. Routers do not implement IGMP snooping or transmit/forward IGMP report packets. Thus, forwarding all IP UDP multicast packets to a static router port on the DES-3326 Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 199 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide guarantees that a multicast router – attached to the DES-3326 – can reach all multicast group members. To setup a static router port: Highlight Setup Static Router Port from the Multicasting Menu and press enter.
Page 200: Port Mirroring
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A router port will be dynamically configured when IGMP query packets, RIPv2 multicast, DVMRP multicast, PIM-DM multicast packets are detected flowing into a port. The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar.
Page 201 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-50. Mirroring Menu To select the target port, highlight Target Port Selection and press enter. Figure 6-51. Target Port Selection Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 202 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The target port is the port where information will be duplicated and sent for capture and network analysis. This is the port where a network analyzer would be attached to capture packets duplicated from the source port.
Page 203: Priority
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide port, for example) should not be mirrored to a slower port (one of the 24 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet port), because many packets will be dropped. Priority To configure a forwarding priority for a given MAC address: Highlight Priority from the main menu and press Enter.
Page 204: Filtering
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Priority Level:< > field can be toggled between Low, Med-L (Medium Low), Med-H (Medium High), and High, corresponding to the priority of packets sent to or transmitted from the MAC address entered above.
Page 205 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-54. Forwarding Menu – MAC Address Highlight MAC Address Forwarding and press enter. Figure 6-55. Static Unicast MAC Forwarding Setup Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 206: Layer 3 (Ip Routing) Filtering
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID: [ ] field and the MAC address to be filtered in the MAC Address:[ ] field.
Page 207 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-56. Filtering Menu – Layer 3 To enter a MAC address into the filtering table: Highlight MAC Address Filter and press enter. Figure 6-57. Setup MAC Address Filter Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 208 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID:[ field and the MAC address to be filtered in the MAC Address:[ field.
Page 209: Forwarding
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-58. IP Address Filtering Setup The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the IP address to be filtered in the IP Address:[ ] field.
Page 210 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-59. Forwarding Menu – Layer 2 Highlight MAC Address Forwarding from the Forwarding Menu and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 211: Ip Routing Forwarding
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-60. Static Unicast MAC Forwarding Setup – Layer 2 The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID:[...
Page 212 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-61. Forwarding Menu – Layer 3 Highlight MAC Address Forwarding and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 213 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-62. Static Unicast MAC Forwarding – Layer 3 The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID:[ field and the MAC address to be statically entered in the forwarding table in the MAC Address:[ ] field.
Page 214 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-63. Static IP Route Setup The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID:[ ] field and the MAC address to be statically entered in the forwarding table in the MAC Address:[ ] field.
Page 215: Spanning Tree
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add and Delete using the space bar. Enter the IP interface name in the Interface:[ ] field and the corresponding IP address in the IP...
Page 216 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-65. Configure Spanning Tree - Global The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) operates on two levels: on the switch level, the settings are globally implemented. On the port level, the settings are implemented on a per user-defined Group basis.
Page 217: Port Group Spanning Tree Settings
Port Group Spanning Tree Settings In addition to setting Spanning Tree parameters for use on the switch level, the DES-3326 allows for the configuration of groups of ports, each port-group of which will have its own spanning tree, and will require some of its own configuration settings. An STP...
Page 218 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Group will use the switch-level parameters entered above, with the addition of Port Priority and Port Cost. An STP Group spanning tree works in the same way as the switch- level spanning tree, but the root bridge concept is replaced with a root port concept.
Page 219 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide name that been previously entered switch’s configuration. Figure 6-67. Port Group STP Settings Toggle the View Ports:< > field to the range of ports to be configured. The Fast Ethernet ports displayed for configuration in groups of 12 and the two (optional) Gigabit Ethernet ports are displayed together.
Page 220: Link Aggregation
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Link Aggregation Link aggregation allows several ports to be grouped together and to act as a single link. This gives a bandwidth that is a multiple of a single link’s bandwidth. Link Aggregation is most commonly used to link a bandwidth intensive network device or devices –...
Page 221 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-68. Link Aggregation Setup Toggle the Group ID:[1] field to one of the six possible link aggregation groups configurable on the switch. Toggle the Master Module:<Base Unit> field to configure a group either on the Base Unit (the 24 Fast Ethernet ports) or on the Slot-1 (optional) module (the 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports).
Page 222: Switch Utilities
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide intensive network device or to have an absolute backup aggregation group that is not under automatic control. Highlight Apply and press enter to make the link aggregation group configuration active. Use Save Changes from the Main Menu to enter the configuration into NV-RAM.
Page 223: Updating Firmware
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Note: Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) services allow the switch firmware to be upgraded by transferring a new firmware file from a TFTP server to the switch. configuration file can also be loaded into the switch from a...
Page 224: Downloading A Configuration File
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Note: The TFTP server must be on the same IP subnet as the switch. Enter the path and the filename to the firmware file on the TFTP server. Note that in the above example, the firmware file is in the root directory of the C drive of the TFTP server.
Page 225: Uploading A Settings File
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-71. Download Configuration File Enter the IP address of the TFTP server and specify the location of the switch configuration file on the TFTP server. Highlight APPLY and press enter record the IP address of the TFTP server.
Page 226: Uploading A History Log File
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-72. Upload Setting File Enter the IP address of the TFTP server and the path and filename of the settings file on the TFTP server and press APPLY. Highlight START and press enter to initiate the file transfer.
Page 227: Testing Connectivity With Ping
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-73. Upload Log File Enter the IP address of the TFTP server and the path and filename for the history log on the TFTP server. Highlight APPLY and press enter to make the changes current. Highlight START and press enter to initiate the file transfer.
Page 228: Layer 3 Utilities
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-74. Ping Connectivity Test Enter the IP address of the network device to be pinged and the number of test packets to be sent (3 is usually enough). Highlight START and press enter to initiate the ping program.
Page 229 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-75. Switch Utilities Menu – Layer 3 Highlight BOOTP/DHCP Relay on the Switch Utilities menu and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 230 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-76. BOOTP/DHCP Relay Setup – Layer 3 The BOOTP/DHCP:<Disabled> field can be toggled between Disabled and Enabled using the space bar. The BOOTP HOPS Count Limit [4 ] determines the number of router hops the relay will be allowed to cross.
Page 231: Dns Relay
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide (or servers, as the case may be), highlight APPLY and press enter to enter the information into the BOOTP Relay table. Use Save Changes from the Main Menu to enter the information into NV- RAM.
Page 232 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The DNS Relay Cache Status:<Disabled> can be toggled between Disabled and Enabled. This determines if a DNS cache will be enabled on the switch. The DNS Relay Static Table Lookup Status:<Disabled> can be toggled between Disabled and Enabled.
Page 233: Network Monitoring
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Network Monitoring The DES-3326 provides extensive network monitoring capabilities. Layer 2 Network Monitoring To display the network data compiled by the switch: Highlight Network Monitoring on the Main Menu and press enter.
Page 234: Port Error Statistics
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight Port Utilization on the Network Monitoring menu and press enter. Figure 6-81. Port Utilization Table The Port Utilization screen shows the number of packets transmitted and received per second and calculates the percentage of the total available bandwidth being used on the port (displayed under %Util.).
Page 235: Port Packet Analysis Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-82. Port Error Statistics Table The Module:<Base Unit> field can be toggled between Base Unit and Slot-1 to select which group of ports will be displayed. Enter the port number of the port to be viewed. The Interval:<2 sec>...
Page 236: Mac Address Forwarding Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-83. Port Packet Size and Mode Analysis Table In addition to the size of packets received or transmitted by the selected port, statistics on the number of unicast, multicast, and broadcast packets are displayed.
Page 237: Gvrp Status Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-84. View the MAC Forwarding Table The Browse By:<ALL > field can be toggled between ALL, MAC Address, Port, and VLAN. This sets a filter to determine which MAC addresses from the forwarding table are displayed.
Page 238: Gmrp Status Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-85. GVRP Status Table GMRP Status Table To view the GMRP status table: Highlight GMRP Status from the Network Monitoring table and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 239: Igmp Snooping Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-86. GMRP Status Table IGMP Snooping Table To view the IGMP snooping table: Highlight IGMP Status from the Network Monitoring menu and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 240: Switch History Log
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-87. IGMP Snooping Status Table Switch History Log To view the switch history log: Highlight Switch History from the Network Monitoring menu and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 241: Layer 3 Network Monitoring
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-88. Switch History Table Layer 3 Network Monitoring When the switch is in Layer 3 (IP Routing) mode, several items are added to the Network Monitoring menu. The following items are added to the Network Monitoring...
Page 242: Ip Address Forwarding Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-89. Network Monitoring Menu – Layer 3 IP Address Forwarding Table To view the IP address forwarding table: Highlight Browse IP Address from the Network Monitoring menu and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 243: Ip Routing Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-90. IP Forwarding Table – Layer 3 To display a particular IP address, enter the IP address in the Jump to IP Address:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press enter. IP Routing Table...
Page 244: Arp Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-91. View the IP Routing Table To display a particular Destination IP address, enter the IP address in the Jump to Destination Address:[0.0.0.0] field, the gateway address in the Gateway:[0.0.0.0] field, and the subnet mask in the Mask:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press enter.
Page 245: Ip Multicast Forwarding Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-92. View the ARP Table To display a particular IP interface or an IP address, enter either the IP interface name in the Jump to Interface Name:[ field or enter the IP address in the IP Address:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press enter.
Page 246: Dvmrp Routing Table
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-93. View the IP Multicast Forwarding Table To display a particular multicast group, enter the IP address in the Jump to Multicast Group:[0.0.0.0] field, enter the source IP address in the Source IP:[0.0.0.0] field, and the source subnet mask in the Source Mask:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press...
Page 247: Reboot
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-94. View the DVMRP Routing Table To display a particular source IP address, enter either the IP address in the Jump to IP Address:[0.0.0.0] field, or the source subnet mask in the Source Mask:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press enter.
Page 248 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-95. System Reboot Menu The reboot options are as follows: Reboot simply restarts the switch. Any configuration settings not saved using Save Changes from the Main Menu will be lost. The switch’s configuration will be restored to the last configuration...
Page 249 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A confirmation screen will appear: Figure 6-96. System Reboot Confirmation To reboot the switch, in the mode entered above, highlight Yes and press enter. Configuring the Switch Using the Console Interface...
Page 250: Web-Based Network Management
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ASED ETWORK ANAGEMENT Introduction The DES-3226 offers an embedded Web-based (HTML) interface allowing users to manage the switch from anywhere on the network through standard browser such Netscape Navigator/Communicator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. The Web browser acts as a universal access tool and can communicate directly with the Switch using the HTTP protocol.
Page 251: Before You Start
Layer 2 Only mode. Before You Start The DES-3326 Layer 3 Switch supports a wide array of functions and gives great flexibility and increased network performance by eliminating the routing bottleneck between the WAN or Internet and the Intranet.
Page 252 7. Develop a redundancy scheme. Planning redundant links and routes to network critical resources can save valuable time in case of a link or device failure. The DES-3326 Spanning Tree function can be used to block the redundant link until it is needed.
Page 253: Vlan Layout
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide VLAN Layout VLANs on the DES-3326 have rather more functions than on a traditional layer 2 switch, and must therefore be laid-out and configured with a bit more care. Layer 3 VLANs (VLANs with an IP interface assigned to them) could be thought of as network links –...
Page 254: Defining Static Routes
Routes between the IP interfaces and a default gateway or other router with a WAN connection should be determined beforehand and entered into the static/default routing table on the DES-3326. Getting Started The first step in getting started in using web-based management for your Switch is to secure a browser.
Page 255: Configuring The Switch
IP address of the switch. Note: The Factory default IP address for the switch is 10.90.90.90. In the page that opens, click on the Login to DES-3326 Manager button: Figure 7-1. Login Button This opens the main page in the management module.
Page 256 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-3. User Accounts Control Table - Edit 1. Enter the new user name, assign an initial password, and then confirm the new password. Determine whether the new user should have Root, User+, or User privileges.
Page 257: Saving Changes
Switch. Saving Changes The DES-3326 has two levels of memory; normal RAM and non- volatile or NV-RAM. Configuration changes are made effective by highlighting Apply and pressing Enter. When this is done, the settings will be immediately applied to the switching software in RAM, and will immediately take effect.
Page 258: Factory Reset
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RAM and reloads the stored settings from the NV-RAM. Thus, it is necessary to save all setting changes to NV-RAM before rebooting the switch. To retain any configuration changes permanently, highlight Save Changes from the main menu.
Page 259: Using Web-Based Management
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-6. Factory Reset Screen Click Yes if you want the switch to retain its current IP address. Click No to reset the switch’s IP address to the factory default, 10.90.90.90. Click the Reset to Factory Default button to restart the switch.
Page 260 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In addition, several other parameters may need to be configured or known to properly communicate with the switch or allow full management capability. These include: Default Gateway Trap Destination and Community Name Configuration of these items may be made from the User Interface, which is accessible via either the serial console or Telnet.
Page 261 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Setting a Default Gateway The default gateway parameter defines the IP address of a router or other network device to which IP packets are to be sent if destined for a subnet outside of that in which the switch is operating.
Page 262 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 3. Move to the Status field, and use the Space bar to select ENABLED. 4. Click APPLY to make the changes effective. Use Save Changes to enter the configuration into NV-RAM. Saving Configuration Changes Clicking the APPLY button makes any configuration change active, but only for the current session.
Page 263 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 4.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above.) 2. Enter the IP address for the switch you want to manage in the URL field of the browser. 3. The screen below will appear, prompting you to...
Page 264 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Web-based Manager’s User Interface The user interface provides access to various switch configuration and management screens, allows you to view performance statistics, and permits you to graphically monitor system status. Areas of the User Interface Figure 2-1 shows the user interface.
Page 265 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Presents a graphical near real-time image of the front panel of the switch. This area displays the switch’s ports and expansion modules, showing port activity, duplex mode, or flow control, depending on the specified mode.
Page 266 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Management VID Allows you to restrict management access to the switch to one VLAN. VLAN Configures VLAN group members, automatic registration with GVRP, and other port- specific VLAN settings. IGMP Configures IGMP multicast filtering.
Page 267: Configuring And Monitoring The Switch
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide CONFIGURING AND MONITORING THE SWITCH This section, arranged by topic, describes how to perform common monitoring and configuration tasks on the switch using the web- based manager. Screen Hierarchy The contents of this chapter are arranged following the structure shown below.
Page 268 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port No Sub-menus Spanning Tree STP Switch Settings Configure STP Groups STP Port Settings Forwarding MAC Address Forwarding Static/Default Routes Static ARP Filtering MAC Filtering IP Address Filtering Priority No Sub-menus Mirroring...
Page 269 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Address Table Browse MAC Address Sequentially Browse IP Address Sequentially Routing Table ARP Table Applications Switch History Browse Router Port Browse IP Address Sequentially Routing Table ARP Table Utilities Update Firmware from Server...
Page 270 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide System Information Use the System Information screen to display descriptive information about the switch, or for quick system identification as shown in the following figure and table. Figure 7-10. Switch Information Screen...
Page 271 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Redundant Power Status Redundant power status for the switch. IP Address IP address of the agent you are managing. The agent module supports SNMP over UDP/IP transport protocol. In this environment, all systems on the...
Page 272 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP Configuration Use the IP Configuration screen to set the boot-up option, or to manually configure the IP address for the agent module. screen shown below is described below in the following table.
Page 273 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP Address 10.90.90.90 Displays the IP address currently assigned to the switch. Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Displays the Subnet Mask currently assigned to the switch. Default Gateway 0.0.0.0 Displays the Default Gateway currently assigned to the switch.
Page 274 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide messages from the switch’s agent to the management station. Note that the gateway must be defined if the management station is located on a different IP segment than the switch. Management VID...
Page 275 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Management Use the Management Menus to configure the IP addresses of up to 3 Management stations, to configure SNMP Community strings, the IP addresses of Trap receivers, and to configure the Serial Port settings.
Page 276 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide SNMP Configuration (Community Strings) Use the Management Configuration screen to display and modify parameters for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The switch includes an on-board SNMP agent which monitors the status of its hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports.
Page 277 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter Description Community String A string of up to 20 characters used for authentication of users wanting access to the switch’s SNMP agent. Access Right Specifies the level of access for an authorized user.
Page 278 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter Description Trap Receiving Station The IP address of the management station that will receive traps generated by the switch. Community String A string of up to 20 characters used for authentication of users wanting to receive traps from the switch’s...
Page 279 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-14. Serial Port Settings Console Settings Parameter Description Baud Rate Specifies the rate data will be exchanged over the serial link. The default value is 9600 baud. Data Bits Specifies the number of bits that will carry data over the serial link.
Page 280 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Auto-Logout Specifies length of time a management session can be idle. When this time has expired, the switch’s management agent will disconnect the user. The default value is 10 minutes. Slip Settings...
Page 281 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch The switch can operate in one of two modes: Layer 2 Only with IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support: the switching process is based upon the source and destination MAC addresses only. 802.1Q VLANs are supported and the switch is considered as a VLAN- tag aware device.
Page 282 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-15. Switch Operation Mode Screen Parameter Description Current Mode Displays the switch’s current operating mode. Restart Mode Allows the selection of the operating mode of the switch after a switch restart. The options are Layer 2, Support IEEE 802.1Q...
Page 283 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-16. Layer 2 Switch Settings Screen Parameter Description MAC Address Aging Time Specifies the length of time a learned MAC Address will remain in the forwarding table without being accessed (that is, how long a learned MAC Address is allowed to remain idle).
Page 284 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Upper Threshold for Base Ports This number thousands Broadcast/Multicast packets per second received by the switch – on one of the base ports – that will trigger the switch’s reaction Broadcast/Multicast storm.
Page 285 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 IP Routing Protocol Settings Note: These IP Routing Protocol Settings are only for enabling or disabling, globally, routing protocols available on the switch. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is setup in the Setup RIP section later in this manual.
Page 286 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Multicasting – Dense Mode (PIM- DM) multicasting protocol. Setup IP Interface The first menu displays the current IP interfaces on the switch. The Add and Edit menus are used to add a new IP interface, and to edit an existing IP interface, respectively.
Page 287 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The VLAN ID of the VLAN corresponding to this IP interface. Active Displays whether the IP interface is active or inactive. A link to the IP Interface – Add menu. More A link to the IP Interface – Edit menu.
Page 288 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Subnet Mask The subnet mask for this IP interface. The VLAN ID of the VLAN corresponding to this IP interface. Active Allows this IP interface to be Active or Inactive on the switch.
Page 289 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP Address The IP address of the IP interface to be edited. Subnet Mask The subnet mask of the IP interface to be edited. The VLAN ID of the VLAN corresponding to this IP interface.
Page 290 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Tx Mode Displays whether transmitted RIP packets will be structured as V1 only, V1 Compatible, V2 Only, or Disabled. This entry specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to transmit RIP packets.
Page 291 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Subnet Name Displays the name of the subnet on which RIP is to be edited. This subnet must be previously configured on the switch. IP Address Displays the IP address corresponding to the subnet name above.
Page 292 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-23. Configure Port Screen Parameter Description Port Type A read-only field that indicates the type of port currently selected. Status A read-only field that indicates the current status of the selected port.
Page 293 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Spanning Tree Protocol Configuration The Spanning Tree Protocol can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide backup links between switches, bridges, or routers. This allows the switch to interact with other...
Page 294 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information (provided in the last configuration message) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN.
Page 295 Spanning Tree Groups Figure 7-25. Spanning Tree Groups Screen The DES-3326 switch allows you to configure Spanning Tree Groups that consist of a group of ports that will be handled as though they were a single spanning tree device. The following figures and tables describe how to configure a spanning tree group.
Page 296 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Note: This function is available only when the switch is in IP Routing mode. Parameter Description Group Name A name given to identify a given STP group. Port Members A list of the ports that belong to a given group.
Page 297 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-26. STP Group Settings – Edit Screen Parameter Description Group Name A 12 character name used to identify the STP group. Port Number Check boxes used to select a port to be a member of the STP group.
Page 298 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-27. STP Group Settings – Edit Screen Parameter Description Group Name The group name of the selected STP group. Designated Root Bridge The current root bridge for the STP group. Root Priority The current value of the bridge priority for the group.
Page 299 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-28. STP Port Settings Screen Parameter Description Port Cost A port cost can be set between 1 and 65535. The lower the cost, the greater the probability the port will be chosen as the designated port (chosen to forward packets).
Page 300 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Group Name Displays the previously assigned name for the STP group the corresponding port belongs to. Forwarding The following figures and tables describe how to setup static packet forwarding on the switch.
Page 301 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Entries Parameter Description MAC Address Displays the MAC address corresponding to the static forwarding table entry. Displays the VLAN ID number of the VLAN to which the above MAC address belongs. PortMap Displays the port on which the above MAC address resides.
Page 302 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Gateway IP Displays the corresponding IP address of the next hop gateway for the IP address above. Metric Displays the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) metric. This is the number of hops between the IP address and the Gateway.
Page 303 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP Address The IP address to be statically entered into the IP forwarding table. Subnet Mask The corresponding subnet mask for the IP address above. Gateway IP The corresponding IP address of the next hop gateway for the IP address above.
Page 304 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP Address Displays the IP address of the end node or station. MAC Address Displays the MAC address corresponding to the IP address above. A link to the Static ARP – Add menu.
Page 305 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide MAC Address The MAC address corresponding to the IP address above. Filtering The following figures and tables describe how to add a MAC or IP address to the MAC or IP filtering tables on the switch.
Page 306 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide packets which the above MAC address as their source will be dropped. When Either is chosen, all packets to or from the above MAC address will be dropped by the switch. Entries...
Page 307 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-35. Filter Address Setup Screen Filter Address Table Parameter Description Address The IP address that is to be filtered on the switch. State Allows the selection of the state of the above IP address under which packets will be dropped by the switch.
Page 308 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Filter Address Table Parameter Description Address Displays the IP address that is to be filtered on the switch. State Displays the state of the above IP address under which packets will be dropped by the switch.
Page 309 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide MAC Address The MAC address for which priority on the switch is to be established. The VLAN ID of the VLAN on which the MAC address above resides. Level The priority of the above MAC address.
Page 310 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Entries Parameter Description MAC Address Displays the MAC address for which priority on the switch is to be established. Displays the VLAN ID of the VLAN on which the MAC address above resides.
Page 311 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Target Port Selection The following figure and table describe the selection of a target port. A target port in a port mirroring pair is the port that will receive packets that are duplicate at the mirror port.
Page 312 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-38. Setup Mirror Port Configuration Screen Add and Entry Parameter Description Source Port The port that will be mirrored. All packets entering and leaving the source port can be duplicated in the mirror port.
Page 313 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Entries Parameter Description Source Port Displays the port that will be mirrored. Direction Allows the specification of which packets will be mirrored based upon whether the packets are flowing into or out of a port, or all packets (both directions).
Page 314 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide MAC Address The MAC address of the static source of multicast packets. The VLAN ID of the VLAN the above MAC address belongs to. PortMap / State Allows the selection of ports that will be...
Page 315 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-40. Multicast Interface Configuration Screen Parameter Description Interface Name The name of the IP interface (previously defined) on the switch for which a multicast interface is to be configured. IP Address...
Page 316 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide – Protocol Independent Multicasting Dense Mode, and INACT – the interface is inactive. For example, if DVMRP is chosen, then this routing protocol will be used to forward multicast packets for the above IP interface.
Page 317 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The IP address corresponding to the IP interface name above. Version The version number of the IGMP to be used for the above IP interface. Query The time (in seconds) between the transmission of IGMP query packets.
Page 318 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-42. DVMRP Interface Configuration Screen Parameter Description Interface Name The name of the IP interface (previously defined) on the switch for which a multicast interface is to be configured. IP Address...
Page 319 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Route Cost Allows the assignment of a DVMRP route cost to the above IP interface. A DVMRP route cost is a relative number that represents the real cost of using this route in the construction of a multicast delivery tree.
Page 320 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter Description Interface Name The name of the IP interface (previously defined) on the switch for which a multicast interface is to be configured. IP Address The IP address (sometimes referred to as a network address) corresponding to the interface name above.
Page 321 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide State Allows PIMDM to be Disabled or Enabled for the above IP interface. The default is Disabled. Static Router Port Settings The following figures and table describe how to set up a static router port on the switch.
Page 322 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-45. Static Router Port Settings – Add Screen Parameter Description The VLAN ID of the VLAN on which the static router port resides. Port Member Click the box corresponding to the port that will be a static router port.
Page 323 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter Description The VLAN ID of the VLAN on which the static router port resides. VLAN Name The name of the VLAN for which ports are to be configured. Add a Static 802.1Q VLAN The following figure and table describe how to add an 802.1Q...
Page 324 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide VLAN Name The name of the VLAN that is being created. Port Corresponds to the ports that will be members of the VLAN. Specifies the port as either 802.1Q tagging or 802.1Q untagging. Checking the box will designate the port as Tagging.
Page 325 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-48. 802.1Q Static VLANs Entry Settings – Edit Screen Parameter Description VLAN ID (VID) The VLAN ID of the VLAN to be edited. For editing, VLANs are identified by name. VLAN Name The name of the VLAN to be edited.
Page 326 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ports that will be transmitting traffic for the VLAN. Forbidden Specifies the port as not being a static member of the VLAN, and as being forbidden from joining the VLAN dynamically. Port VLAN ID (PVID) The following figure and table describe how to configure the PVID for the switch.
Page 327 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port VLAN ID The PVID is used by the port to tag outgoing, untagged packets, and to make filtering decisions about incoming packets. If the port is specified as tagging, and an untagged packet if forwarded to the port for transmission, the port will add an 802.1Q...
Page 328 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-50. Port Ingress Filter Screen Parameter Description Port The number of the port for which ingress filtering is to be Enabled or Disabled. Ingress Filter Specifies the port to check the VID of incoming packets against its VID or PVID.
Page 329 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port GVRP Settings The following figure and table describe how to configure the Port Group VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) on the switch. Figure 7-51. Port GVRP Settings Screen Parameter Description Port The number of the port for which GVRP is to be Enabled or Disabled.
Page 330 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port GMRP Settings The following figure and table describe how to configure the Port Group Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) on the switch. Figure 7-52. Port GMRP Settings Screen Parameter Description Port The number of the port for which GMRP is to be Enabled or Disabled.
Page 331 You can configure up to 6 trunk connections (combining 2 to 8 ports into a fat pipe) between any two DES-3326 or other Layer 2 switches. However, before making any physical connections between devices, use the Trunk Configuration menu to specify the trunk on the devices at both ends.
Page 332 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-53. Link Aggregation Screen Parameter Description Group The switch allows up to 6 port trunks groups to be configured. The group number identifies each of these groups. Master Port The port of the trunk group whose configuration (speed, full- or half-duplex, etc.) will be used by all of the ports in the...
Page 333 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 1,2,3,4, 5,6,7,8, 9,10,11,12, 25,26 13,14,15,16 17,18,19,20 21,22,23,24 Only two ports on an optional front-panel module (ports 25 and 26) can be configured as a trunk group.
Page 334 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-54. BOOTP/DHCP Relay Screen Parameter Description BOOTP/DHCP Relay Status Allows the BootP/DHCP relay function to be Enabled or Disabled. BOOTP HOPS Count Limit Allows the maximum number of hops (routers) that the BootP messages can be relayed through to be set.
Page 335 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide be dropped. The range is between 1 and 65,535 seconds. The default value is 4 seconds. Static Bootp Relay Setup The second task is to tell the BOOTP/DCHP relay agent where the servers are located in terms of IP addresses and subnet names (IP interface names).
Page 336 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Relay Server The IP address of the BOOTP relay server. Multiple servers may be entered for a given subnet name (IP interface name). Relay Server Displays the entered IP address of the BOOTP relay server for the corresponding subnet.
Page 337 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-56. DNS Relay Setup Screen Parameter Description DNS Relay State Allows the DNS relay function to be Enabled or Disabled on the switch. Primary Name Server The IP address of the primary DNS server.
Page 338 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Static DNS Table The second task is to tell the DNS relay agent where the servers are located in terms of IP addresses and subnet names (IP interface names). The following figure and table describe how to set up the static DNS Relay function on the switch.
Page 339 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Statistics WebView allows various statistics about the switch’s performance to be viewed. Port Packet Analysis Figure 7-58. Port Packet Analysis Screen Parameter Description Update Interval The interval (in seconds) that the table will be updated.
Page 340 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Frames The total number of frames transferred through the switch of the corresponding size indicated. Frames/sec The number of frames per second transferred through the switch of the corresponding size indicated. Packet Type Rx –...
Page 341 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Oversize The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed. Fragments The total number of frames received that...
Page 342 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Single Coll.* Single Collision Frames. The number of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision. Coll. An estimate of the total number of collisions on this network segment.
Page 343 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-59. Port Utilization Screen Parameter Description Update Interval The interval (in seconds) that the chart is updated. The default is Suspend. Web-Based Network Management...
Page 344 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Address Table The following figures and tables describe how to browse the switch’s address tables. Browse MAC Address Table WebView allows the switch’s MAC address table (sometimes referred to as a forwarding table) to be viewed.
Page 345 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-60. Browse MAC Address Table Parameter Description The VLAN ID of the VLAN the port is a member of. MAC Address The MAC address entered into the address table. Port The port that the MAC address above corresponds to.
Page 346 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-61. IP Address Table Parameter Description IP Name The name of the IP Interface corresponding to the IP address below. IP Address The IP address corresponding to the IP interface name above.
Page 347 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-62. Browse Routing Table Parameter Description Destination Address IP address of a learned or statically entered destionation. Mask Displays the subnet mask corresponding to the above destination IP address. Gateway Displays the default or next hop gateway to reach the destination.
Page 348 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Protocol Displays the routing protocol in use by the link to the destination. Browse the ARP Table WebView allows the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table compiled by the switch to be viewed.
Page 349 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Start Interface Name Allows the specification of an IP interface name to start the display of the ARP table. If the specified IP interface name is present in the ARP table, then it will be the first entry of the displayed table.
Page 350 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch History The web-based manager allows the switch’s history log, as compiled by the switch’s management agent, to be viewed. Figure 7-64. Switch History Web-Based Network Management...
Page 351 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter Description Sequence A counter incremented whenever an entry to the switch’s history log is made. The table displays the last entry (highest sequence number) first. Time Displays the time in days, hours, and minutes since the switch was last restarted the history log entry was made.
Page 352 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-65. Browse Router Port Parameter Description Start VID Allows a VID to be specified to search the router port table with. Jump Click the Jump button to search the router port table using the VID entered above.
Page 353 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-66. IGMP Snooping Table Parameter Description VLAN ID of the VLAN for which the IGMP Snooping table is to be displayed. View Click on the View button to display the IGMP Snooping Table for the current VID.
Page 354 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Browse IP Multicast Forwarding Table The switch allows WebView to browse its IP multicast forwarding table for static and dynamic (learned) entries. The table can also be searched using a combination of a multicast group IP address, and a multicast source IP address –...
Page 355 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide and the corresponding multicast group IP address to search the IP multicast forwarding table for a specific entry. Jump Click on the Jump button to search the IP multicast forwarding table for the above specified entry.
Page 356 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter Description Interface Name Allows the IGMP table to be searched using a combination of an IP interface name and a Multicast group IP address. Start Multicast Grp Allows the IGMP table to be searched using a combination of an IP interface name and a Multicast group IP address.
Page 357 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter Description Source Address Allows the DVMRP routing table to be searched for the entered IP address – subnet mask combination. Source Mask Allows the DVMRP routing table to be searched for the entered IP address –...
Page 358 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide server. In addition, the switch’s history log can be uploaded from the switch to a TFTP server. The following figures and tables describe how to use the utilities available in WebView. Update Firmware Note: The TFTP server must be on the same IP subnet as the switch.
Page 359 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-71. Use Configuration File on Server Screen Parameter Description Server IP Address The IP address of the TFTP server. File Name The full file name (including path) of the configuration file on the TFTP server.
Page 360 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Save Switch History to TFTP Server The switch’s management agent can upload its history log file to a TFTP server. Figure 7-73. Save Switch History to TFTP Server Parameter Description Server IP Address The IP address of the TFTP server.
Page 361 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-74. Restart System Screen Factory Reset The following menu is used to restart the switch using only the configuration that was supplied by the factory. A factory reset returns all configuration options to their default values and restores the switch’s configuration to the factory settings.
Page 362 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Click Yes if you want the switch to retain its current IP address. Click No to reset the switch’s IP address to the factory default, 10.90.90.90. Click the Reset to Factory Default button to restart the switch.
Page 363: Technical Specifications
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ECHNICAL PECIFICATIONS General Standards: IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.1 P/Q VLAN IEEE 802.3x Full-duplex Flow Control ANSI/IEEE 802.3 Nway auto-negotiation Protocols:...
Page 364: Physical And Environmental
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide General Network Cables: 10BASE-T: 2-pair UTP Cat. 3,4,5 (100 m) EIA/TIA- 568 100-ohm STP (100 m) 100BASE-TX: 2-pair UTP Cat. 5 (100 m) EIA/TIA-568 100-ohm STP (100 m) Fiber Optic: IEC 793-2:1992 Type A1a - 50/125um multimode Type A1b - 62.5/125um multimode...
Page 365 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Physical and Environmental Weight: 2 kg EMI: FCC Class A, CE Class A, VCCI Class A, BSMI Class A, C-Tick Class A FCC Part 15/IECES-003 (Canada), VCCI Class A ITE, EN55022/EN50082-1 or EN%%o24, C-Tick...
Page 366: Rj-45 Pin Specification
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RJ-45 P PECIFICATION When connecting the DES3226S Switch to another switch, a bridge or a hub, a modified crossover cable is necessary. Please review these products for matching cable pin assignment. The following diagram and table show the standard RJ-45...
Page 367: Pin Assignment
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RJ-45 Connector pin assignment Contact Media Direct Interface Signal Tx + (transmit) Tx - (transmit) Rx + (receive) Not used Not used Rx - (receive) Not used Not used Table B-1. The standard Category 3 cable, RJ-45...
Page 368: Sample Configuration File
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide AMPLE ONFIGURATION This Appendix provides a sample configuration file that can be used with the Update Firmware and Configuration Files screen in the console program. The configuration file is a simple text file that you create. It has...
Page 369 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide PROM – PROM update file. RUNTIME – Switching software update file. CONFIG – Image file of switch settings created by the settings backup procedure. – this command tells the switch the complete Image_file path and filename for the file to be loaded into the switch.
Page 370 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Each command can only appear once in the configuration file. If both the Firmware Update and Use Configuration file options are enabled, the Firmware Update command will take precedence and only the firmware file will be uploaded to the switch.
Page 371: Runtime Switching Software Default Settings
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide UNTIME WITCHING OFTWARE EFAULT ETTINGS Load Mode Ethernet Switch Operation Mode Layer 2 Configuration update Disable Firmware update Disable Configuration file name None Firmware file name None Out-of-band baud rate 9600 RS232 mode...
Page 372 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Bridge priority 32768 Port STP cost 19 (Gigabit=4) Port STP priority Forwarding table aging time 300 secs Nway Enable Flow control Disable Broadcast storm rising threshold 128Kpps Community string “public”, “private” VLAN mode IEEE 802.1Q...
Page 373 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide NDERSTANDING AND ROUBLESHOOTING THE PANNING ROTOCOL When the spanning-tree algorithm determines a port should be transitioned to the forwarding state, the following occurs: The port is put into the listening state where it receives BPDUs and passes them to the switch’s CPU.
Page 374: Blocking State
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Blocking State A port in the blocking state does not forward packets. When the switch is booted, a BPDU is sent to each port in the switch putting these ports into the blocking state. A switch initially assumes it is the root, and then begins the exchange of BPDUs with other switches.
Page 375 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol...
Page 376: Listening State
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Listening State The listening state is the first transition for a port from the blocking state. Listening is an opportunity for the switch to receive BPDUs that may tell the switch that the port should not continue to transition to the forwarding state, but should return to the blocking state (that is, a different port is a better choice).
Page 377 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol...
Page 378: Learning State
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Learning State A port in the learning state prepares to participate in frame forwarding. The port enters the learning state from the listening state. A port in the learning state does the following: Discards frames received from the network segment to which it is attached.
Page 379 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol...
Page 380: Forwarding State
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Forwarding State A port in the forwarding state forwards packets. The port enters the forwarding state from the learning state when the forward delay timer expires. A port in the forwarding state does the following: Forwards packets received from the network segment to which it is attached.
Page 381 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol...
Page 382: Disabled State
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Disabled State A port in the disabled state does not participate in frame forwarding or STP. A port in the disabled state is virtually non- operational. A disabled port does the following: Discards packets received from the network segment to which it is attached.
Page 383 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol...
Page 384: Troubleshooting Stp
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Troubleshooting STP Spanning Tree Protocol Failure A failure in the STA generally leads to a bridging loop. A bridging loop in an STP environment comes from a port that should be in the blocking state, but is forwarding packets.
Page 385: Full/Half Duplex Mismatch
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide the MAX AGE (default of 20 seconds), it could start to transition its port 2 from the blocking state to the forwarding state. It should be noted: A port must continue to receive BPDUs advertising superior paths to remain in the blocking state.
Page 386: Unidirectional Link
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In the above example, port 1 on B is configured as a full-duplex port and port 1 on A is either configured as a half-duplex port, or left in auto-negotiation mode. Because port 1 on B is configured as a full-duplex port, it does not do the carrier sense when accessing the link.
Page 387 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide failure that allows a link to remain up while providing one-way communication is very dangerous for STP. In this example, port 2 on B can receive but not transmit packets. Port 2 on C should be in the blocking state, but since it can no longer receive BPDUs from port 2 on B, it will transition to the forwarding state.
Page 388: Packet Corruption
AGE is set too low, this time is reduced. Resource Errors The DES-3326 Layer 3 switch performs its switching and routing functions primarily in hardware, using specialized ASICs. STP is implemented in software and is thus reliant upon the speed of the CPU and other factors to converge.
Page 389: Identifying A Data Loop
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Identifying a Data Loop Broadcast storms have a very similar effect on the network to data loops, but broadcast storm controls in modern switches have (along with subnetting and other network practices) have been very effective in controlling broadcast storms.
Page 390 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Organize the redundant links and tune the port cost parameter of STP to force those ports to be in the blocking state. For each VLAN, know which ports should be blocking in a stable network.
Page 391 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide This is a common network design. The switches C and D have redundant links to the backbone switches A and B using trunks. Trunks, by default, carry all the VLAN traffic from VLAN 1 and VLAN 2.
Page 392 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In this example, the VLAN definitions are extended to switches A and B. This gives only a single blocked port per VLAN and allows the removal of all redundant links by removing switch A or B from the network.
Page 393 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The IP routing operational mode of the DES-3326 Layer 3 switch can accomplish the following: Building a forwarding table, and exchanging information with its peers using routing protocols. Receiving packets and forwarding them to the correct...
Page 394 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Using layer 3 switches and IP routing eliminates the need for STP port blocking because the packets are routed by destination addresses. The link redundancy remains, and relying on the routing protocols gives a faster convergence than with STP.
Page 395: Brief Review Of Bitwise Logical Operations
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RIEF EVIEW OF ITWISE OGICAL PERATIONS The logical operation compares 2 bits and if they are both “ 1”, then the result is otherwise, the result is “1”, “0”. The logical operation compares 2 bits and if either or both bits...
Page 396 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The logical operation compares 2 bits and if XOR (exclusive OR) exactly one of them is a then the result is otherwise the “1”, “1”, result is “0”. The logical NOT operation simply changes the value of a single bit.
Page 397: Index
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide NDEX Bridge Forward Delay .... 46 Bridge Hello Time.... 45, 205 Bridge Max. Age ....45, 204 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Module..22 Bridge Priority ..45, 205, 284 100BASE-FX Fiber (MTRJ Type) broadcast domains....... 53 Module........
Page 398 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Console port (RS-232 DCE)..29 Flash memory........ 9 Console port settings....29 Forward Delay......283 Forwarding ......35, 289 Console Settings ......268 Console Timeout ....140 Fragments ......... 329 Cost to Root ....... 287 Front Panel........
Page 399 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 IP Routing Protocol Out-of-Band/Console Setting menu Settings......255, 274 ..........140 LED Indicators ......22 Oversize ........329 load-balancing ......51 log in ......... 128 Logging on ......... 119 password......120, 247 PIMDM ........
Page 400 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Save Switch Settings to a TFTP Super User......123, 244 Server ........347 Switch History....257, 338 Saving Changes ....124, 245 Switch Operation Mode..255, 270 Screen Hierarchy....... 255 System Information....258 security ........
Page 401 DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide View/Delete User Accounts..130 web-based management .... 238 VLAN ......37, 51, 254 Web-based management module238 VLANs ........311 Weight ........353 VT100-compatible terminal ..118 Offices AUSTRALIA D-LINK AUSTRALASIA Unit 16, 390 Eastern Valley Way, Roseville, NSW 2069, Australia...
Page 402: Registration Card
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