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Echelon LONWORKS User Manual

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L
W
®
O N
ORKS
R o u t e r
User's Guide
Revision 3
@
E E E E C C C C H H H H E E E E L L L L O O O O N N N N
®
C o r p o r a t i o n
078-0018-01D

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  • Page 1 ® ORKS R o u t e r User’s Guide Revision 3 E E E E C C C C H H H H E E E E L L L L O O O O N N N N ®...
  • Page 2 Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries. LonLink, , LonSupport, LonMaker, the L logo, and the LonUsers logo are trademarks of Echelon Corporation. Document No. 79100 Printed in the United States of America.
  • Page 3 FCC NOTICE Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Contents Notices Introduction Audience Content Related Documentation Theory of Operation LonTalk Protocol Support for Routers ® Looping Topologies Power Line Routers Routing Algorithms Repeater Bridge Configured Router Learning Router Message Buffers Packaged Router Overview Mechanical Description Switches, Indicators, and Connectors ESD Warning RTR-10 Overview Mechanical Description...
  • Page 5 Far Side Escape Code Router Options Set with Write Memory Set Routing Algorithm Set Buffer Size Set Priority Output Buffer Queue Count 8-10 Set Input and Non-Priority Buffer Queue Count 8-11 Appendix A Communications Parameters Appendix B Software License and Patent Agreement Echelon...

  • Page 6: Introduction

    Introduction Routers connect two communications channels, ORKS and route LonTalk messages between them. Routers connect two communication channels and route LonTalk ® messages between them. They support the installation of both small and large networks with dozens to thousands of nodes. The following figure illustrates a typical installation with free topology, power line, and 78kbps bus topology channels connected to a 1.25Mbps backbone twisted pair channel using...
  • Page 7 Routers are used to: • Extend the limits of a single channel. A router may be used to add a channel to a network to support additional nodes or extend the maximum channel ORKS length. Multiple routers may be added, depending on the capacity or distance needed.
  • Page 8 Packaged routers, FCC- and VDE-certified to comply with conducted and radiated emissions specifications and UL-certified for safety, with optional wall-mount power supplies, are also available from Echelon. These eliminate the need to build hardware and obtain the necessary electrical interference and safety certifications.

  • Page 9: Audience

    • Appendix B includes a copy of the router software license and patent agreement. Related Documentation The following Echelon documents provide more information on the router: • The LonTalk Protocol engineering bulletin summarizes the services available at each of the seven layers of the LonTalk protocol included with every Neuron ®...
  • Page 10 • The Neuron Chip Data Book describes the Neuron Chip. Descriptions cover CPUs, memory subsystems, LonTalk protocol, network communications port, programming model, application I/O, and additional functions. • The L TPT Twisted Pair Transceiver Module User's Guide describes ORKS the L twisted pair transceivers.

  • Page 11: Theory Of Operation

    Theory of Operation This chapter describes the router theory of operation. An overview is first presented of how the LonTalk protocol supports routers. This is followed by a discussion of looping topologies and how they are handled by routers. Then, routing algorithms are described, followed by a discussion of buffer usage within routers.

  • Page 12: Lontalk Protocol Support For Routers

    LonTalk Protocol Support for Routers The LonTalk protocol is designed to provide transparent routing of messages between nodes that communicate via routers. To increase the efficiency of routers, the LonTalk protocol defines a hierarchical form of addressing using domain, subnet, and node addresses.

  • Page 13: Power Line Routers

    Routers can be used between power line channels only if the two channels are fully isolated. This is generally not the case between two phases on the same circuit, but may be the case between phases on different distribution transformers. Echelon’s PLCA-10, PLCA-20, or PLCA-30 Power Line Communication Analyzers should be used to confirm isolation between power line channels before installing power line to power line routers.

  • Page 14: Routing Algorithms

    Routing Algorithms Routers can be installed to use one of four types of routing algorithms: ORKS configured router, learning router, bridge, and repeater. This selection allows system performance to be traded for ease of installation. The configured router and learning router algorithms are used to create intelligent routers that selectively forward messages based on network topology.

  • Page 15: Learning Router

    There are two sets of forwarding tables, one in EEPROM and one in RAM. The EEPROM table is copied to the RAM table when the router is initially powered-up, after a reset, and when the router receives the Set Router Mode command with the Initialize Routing Table option.
  • Page 16 Start: Router receives message packet Is message domain length zero, and Is message Is message source addressed as addressed to either subnet zero? broadcast? of the router's domains? Is message domain length Set message zero, source source subnet = subnet zero, router subnet.

  • Page 17: Message Buffers

    As with configured routers, learning routers sometimes modify source addresses for service pin messages to help prevent message loops. Learning routers, in general, are less efficient in using channel bandwidth because they always forward all messages with group destination addresses. Their advantage is simplified installation since the installation tool does not need to know the network topology to configure a learning router.
  • Page 18 Q u e u e C o u n t S i z e Total Bytes Input Buffer Queue Priority Output Buffer Queue Non-Priority Output Buffer Queue T O T A L 1 2 5 4 The default size of 66 bytes allows the router to handle packets with maximum address overhead and data size for any network variable message and explicit messages with up to 40 bytes of data;...

  • Page 19: Packaged Router Overview

    Packaged Router Overview This chapter provides an overview of the Model 71000 L ORKS Router hardware. If you are using custom routers based on the RTR- 10 Router Core Module, skip this chapter. Router User’s Guide ORKS...

  • Page 20: Mechanical Description

    Mechanical Description The following drawings provide the front and back views of the Model 71000 router. Back View 1.163 [29.54] 6.62 [168.15] 3.895 [98.93] All dimensions are in inches with Back View equiv. mm dimensions in brackets. Figure 3.1 Router Views - Front and Back (rubber feet not included in the dimensions) Router User’s Guide ORKS...

  • Page 21: Switches, Indicators, And Connectors

    Switches, Indicators, and Connectors Table 3.1 describes the function of router switches, indicators, and connectors. Table 3.1 Router Interfaces Interface Function Service Request Pressing this switch grounds the service pin to both sides of the router. When this switch is pressed, both service LEDs should light to maximum intensity.

  • Page 22: Esd Warning

    Table 3.1 Router Interfaces (continued) Interface Function Power Input connector for power supply. Net 1 RJ-45 modular connector for connecting side one of the router to a twisted-pair channel. Net 2 RJ-45 modular connector for connecting side two of the router to a twisted-pair channel.

  • Page 23: Rtr-10 Overview

    RTR-10 Overview This chapter provides an overview of the Model 61000 RTR-10 Router Core Module. If you are using the Model 71000 L ORKS Router, skip this chapter. RTR-10 Module User’s Guide ORKS...

  • Page 24: Mechanical Description

    Mechanical Description The RTR-10 Router Core Module consists of a 67mm by 23mm by 7mm (2.65” by 0.9” by 0.3”) module with the core electronics and firmware required to implement a router. The RTR-10 is attached to a motherboard, using a 40-position 0.050-inch spacing SIMM socket.
  • Page 25 Recommended PCB hole pattern (component side view) for AMP part number 822021-1 (vertical mounting) 35.56mm (1.400) 35.56mm (1.400) 2.41mm ±.03 1.63mm ±.03 (x2) (0.950 ±.001) (0.640 ±.001) 1.27mm 6.35mm ±.08 x40 1.02mm Pin 1 (0.050) (0.250) (0.040 ±.003) 8.26mm 8.26mm (0.325) (0.325) 2.54mm...
  • Page 26 Recommended PCB hole pattern (component side view) for AMP part number 4-382483-0 (horizontal mounting) 35.56mm 35.56mm (1.400) (1.400) 2.44mm ±.03 (x2) (0.960 ±.001) 1.63mm ±.03 (0.064 ±.001) 1.27mm 6.35mm Pin 1 (0.050) (0.250) 8.26mm (0.325) 8.26mm 1.02mm ±.08 (x40) (0.325) (0.040 ±.003) 2.54mm (Module overhangs this side)

  • Page 27: Rtr-10 Power Requirements

    RTR-10 Power Requirements The RTR-10 router requires a +5VDC ±10% power source with 200mA current. Power Supply Decoupling and Filtering The design for the RTR-10 power supply must consider filtering and decoupling requirements of the RTR-10 router. The power supply filter must prevent noise generated by the RTR-10 router from conducting onto external wires, and in the case of DC-DC switching power supplies, must prevent noise generated by the supply from interfering with module operation.
  • Page 28 Table 4.1 Pinout of the RTR-10 router Name Function Pin # ACLK2 A-side output clock ACP0 A-side network communication port 0 ACP1 A-side network communication port 1 ACP2 A-side network communication port 2 ACP3 A-side network communication port 3 ACP4 A-side network communication port 4 ~ASVC A-side service output...

  • Page 29: Aclk2, Bclk1, And Bclk2

    ACLK2, BCLK1, and BCLK2 A 10-MHz crystal is provided for Side A of the RTR-10 router, which can only run at 10 MHz. This clock rate allows Side A to be used with transceivers running at interface bit rates from 9.8kbps to 1.25Mbps. The 10-MHz clock is output on the ACLK2 pin, allowing Side B to be tied directly to the same clock through pin BCLK1.

  • Page 30: Pkt

    Table 4.2 RTR-10 Router Transceiver IDs Name Media Bit Rate Input (bps) Clock 01 (01 hex) TP/XF-78 Transformer-Isolated 10MHz Twisted Pair 03 (03 hex) TP/XF-1250 Transformer-Isolated 1.25M 10MHz Twisted Pair 04 (04 hex) TP/FT-10 Free Topology and 10MHz Link Power 05 (05 hex) TP/RS485-39 RS-485 Twisted Pair...

  • Page 31: Reset

    ~RESET The Neuron Chip reset pins are tied together and brought out on one pin. Figure 4.5 shows the reset circuitry on the RTR-10 router. Typical applications do not require debounce conditioning of a momentary push button attached to the ~RESET pin. The software response time associated with this input is long enough to effectively provide a software debounce for switches with a contact bounce settling time as long as 20 milliseconds.

  • Page 32: Developing A Router With The Rtr-10 Module

    Developing a Router with the RTR-10 Module This chapter describes the process of developing a router based on the RTR-10 Router Core Module. If you are using the Model 71000 Router, skip this chapter. ORKS Router User’s Guide ORKS...

  • Page 33: Overview

    Overview To create a router, follow these steps: Build a router motherboard according to the specifications described Chapter 4 and the guidelines described in Chapter 6. motherboard may be part of custom application hardware, or may be a standalone board. Figure 5.1 is a sample motherboard schematic for a TP/XF-78 to TP/XF-1250 twisted pair router.

  • Page 35: Using Custom Transceivers

    Using Custom Transceivers The RTR-10 router can be used with transceivers not listed in table 4.2 as long as the communications parameters are reprogrammed to match the custom transceiver. If one side of the router is a predefined transceiver type, this reprogramming can occur during manufacture or during field installation.
  • Page 36 The preceding 4 steps complete the configuration when a single custom transceiver is used. Proceed with the following 6 steps if two custom transceivers are to be used with the RTR-10 router. Remove power from the RTR-10 router. Disconnect the predefined transceiver from Side A. Select the custom transceiver ID (type 30) on Side A.

  • Page 37: Rtr-10 Design Issues

    RTR-10 Design Issues This chapter examines a number of design issues, including a discussion of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD). If you are using the Model 71000 L Router, ORKS skip this chapter. Router User’s Guide ORKS...

  • Page 38: Emi Design Issues

    VDE 0871, Class “B” 1984, and CISPR Publications 22, proposed new European EMC Standard. Echelon has designed the RTR-10 router with low enough RF noise levels for design into level “B” products. Echelon encourages level “B” compliance for all L ORKS compatible products.

  • Page 39: Esd Design Issues

    • Early EMI testing of prototypes at a certified outdoor range is an extremely important step in the design of level “B” products. This testing ensures that grounding and enclosure design questions are addressed early enough to avoid most last-minute changes. ESD Design Issues Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is encountered frequently in industrial and commercial use of electronic systems.
  • Page 40 When ESD hits to circuitry cannot be avoided through creepage, clearance and ground guarding techniques, i.e., at external connector pins, explicit clamping of the exposed lines is required to shunt the ESD current. Consult Protection of Electronic Circuits from Overvoltages, by Ronald B. Standler, for advice about ESD and transient protection for exposed circuit lines.

  • Page 41: Installing A Router

    Installing a Router This chapter describes how to install L routers. ORKS Router User’s Guide ORKS...

  • Page 42: Introduction

    Introduction To install a router, follow these steps: Define a network topology. Physically attach the router to a L network. ORKS Connect power to the router. Logically install the router on the network. Test the router installation. These steps are described in more detail in the following sections. Defining a Network Topology There are many possible network topologies when using routers.
  • Page 43 Guide for wiring guidelines for link power channels. For TP/XF and TP/RS485 channels, Echelon recommends the use of UL Level IV, 22 AWG twisted-pair cable for the network bus as defined in UL's LAN Cable Certification Program, UL document number 200-120 20 M/11/91.

  • Page 44: Connecting Power

    +9VDC at 500mA. The following table describes the basic characteristics of the four power supply types. Table 7.1 Power Supply Characteristics Country or Nominal Input range Frequency Input connector Echelon nominal ±10% Region Input Model # Voltage USA/Canada 120 VAC...

  • Page 45: Installing The Router On A Network

    Any power supply may be used for the Model 71000 L Router that meets the ORKS following specifications: the power input to the router must be +9 to 15VDC at 500mA, negative tip, outer barrel positive. The connector is a standard female DC power plug with a 2.1mm inside diameter and 5.5mm outside diameter.

  • Page 46: Router Installation With Network Management Messages

    Router Installation with Network Management Messages Routers can be installed using the network management messages described in Chapter 8 and in Appendix B of the Neuron Chip Data Book, but this process is only recommended for simple networks with few routers. The process is similar to application node installation as described in the L Installation Overview engineering ORKS...

  • Page 47: Router Installation With The Lonbuilder Developer's Workbench

    When defining the target hardware for the router specify LONWORKS Router for the Router HW Type field. The assignment of sides A and B to channel names is arbitrary, and does not have to correspond to the Net 1 and Net 2 assignments on the router.

  • Page 48: Testing Router Installation

    subnet. For managing the assignment of subnets to application nodes, it is helpful to define subnets with meaningful names that correspond to the channels to which they are assigned. Bridges and repeaters may have both sides of the router on the same subnet.
  • Page 49 3.00 1.37 2.00 4x R.25 0.6 THK. REF. 1.28 3.90 2.00 SQ 6.46 5.26 3M 4016 DBL SIDE FOAM TAPE 0.6 THK. 4x 0.190 THRU Figure 7.5 Router Mounting Bracket Router User’s Guide ORKS...

  • Page 50: Network Management Messages

    Network Management Messages This chapter describes network management services for Routers. These services are used for router installation ORKS as described in Chapter 7. Router User’s Guide ORKS...

  • Page 51: Introduction

    Introduction As described in the previous chapter, routers are installed using network management messages. These messages are sent as explicit messages by a network services tool. Routers respond to many of the same messages as any L application node, ORKS and also have an additional set of router specific messages.
  • Page 52 Firmware version 1 2 5 Version mismatch, Version mismatch, No error incompatible incompatible Version mismatch, Version mismatch, but incompatible No error compatible Version mismatch, Version mismatch, but 1 2 5 incompatible compatible No error • The Set Node Mode network management message is automatically processed by both sides of a router when it is used to place the router offline and online (the APPL_OFFLINE and APPL_ONLINE options).

  • Page 53: Router Specific Messages

    Table 8.2 Network Management Messages Network Management Messages R e q u e s t Success Failed C o d e R e s p o n s e R e s p o n s e Query ID 0x61 0x21 0x01 Respond to Query...

  • Page 54: Router Specific Network Management Messages

    Router Specific Network Management Messages Set Router Mode This message instructs the router to perform one of several router-related tasks. The NORMAL option returns the router from the TEMP_BRIDGE mode. The INIT_RTR_TABLE option copies all forwarding tables from EEPROM into the RAM tables for a configured router, or, sets all RAM tables to flood for a learning router (this is the same action that occurs after node reset).

  • Page 55: Group Forward

    The Least Significant Bit (LSB) of the table field maps to the lowest subnet or group ID in the current set of table entries defined by the index_times_8 field. A value of ‘1’ specifies that forwarding be enabled for the corresponding froup or subnet; a value of ‘0’ disables forwarding.

  • Page 56: Group No Forward

    Group No Forward This message clears the forwarding flag in the forwarding table for a given group in the specified domain. If the ram_or_eeprom field is set, both the RAM and EEPROM flags are cleared, otherwise only the RAM flag is cleared, allowing temporary control of forwarding for a given group (see the Router Status message).

  • Page 57: Router Status

    typedef struct { unsigned group_or_subnet : 1; // 1 => Group, 0 => Subnet unsigned domain_index : 1; unsigned ram_or_eeprom : 1; // 0 => RAM, 1 => EEPROM unsigned unused : 3; unsigned index_times_8 : 2; } NM_rtr_table_report_request; typedef struct { unsigned table[8];...

  • Page 58: Router Options Set With Write Memory

    The far side escape tool is not required for the Set Node Mode network management message when it is used to place the router offline and online (the APPL_OFFLINE and APPL_ONLINE options). The offline and online commands are automatically forwarded. byte code;...

  • Page 59: Set Priority Output Buffer Queue Count

    not recommended because the router will not be able to forward network management messages if the buffers are too small. The size values are represented by a code of type buffer_size_entry: typedef enum { SIZE_20 = 0x2; SIZE_21 = 0x3; SIZE_22 = 0x4;...
  • Page 60 Set Input and Non-Priority Output Buffer Queue Count The buffer queue counts are selected using a Write Memory network management message with the following paramters: mode = READ_ONLY_RELATIVE (1) offset = 0x001C; count = 1; form = BOTH_CS_RECALC (1) = queue_counts ; data The queue_counts value contains two nibble fields which control the count of both the input and non-priority output buffer queues.

  • Page 61: Appendix A Communications Parameters

    Appendix A Communications Parameters Routers are initially programmed with communications ORKS parameters as listed in this appendix. Parameters for L approved transceivers correspond to the parameters defined by the Interoperability Guidelines. The parameters specified as ORKS “Configurable” may be changed by a network services tool. These parameters only apply to routers with router firmware version 5 or newer.
  • Page 62 Parameter T P / X F - 7 8 T P / X F - 1 2 5 0 T P / F T - 1 0 T P / R S 4 8 5 - Transceiver ID 1 (01 hex) 3 (03 hex) 4 (04 hex) 5 (05 hex)
  • Page 63 Parameter RF-10 PL-10 PL-20C Transceiver ID 7 (07 hex) 9 (09hex) 16 (10 hex) Media 49MHz Radio Power Line Power Line Frequency Neuron Chip to Transceiver Single-Ended Special Purpose Special Purpose Interface Interface Bit Rate 4.9kbps 625kbps 156.3kbps Input Clock 5MHz 10MHz 10MHz...
  • Page 64 Parameter PL-20N PL-30 Transceiver ID 17 (11 hex) 18 (12 hex) Media Power Line Power Line Neuron Chip to Transceiver Special Purpose Special Purpose Interface Interface Bit Rate 156.3kbps 625kbps Input Clock 10MHz 10MHz Minimum Clock Configurable; default = Configurable; default 1.25MHz = 5MHz Number of Priority Slots...
  • Page 65 Parameter T P / R S 4 8 5 - T P / R S 4 8 5 - T P / R S 4 8 5 - 7 8 6 2 5 1 2 5 0 Transceiver ID 10 (0A hex) 11 (0B hex) 12 (0C hex) Media...
  • Page 66 Parameter F O - 1 0 D C - 7 8 D C - 6 2 5 D C - 1 2 5 0 Transceiver ID 24 (18 hex) 27 (1B hex) 28 (1C hex) 29 (1D hex) Media Fiber Optic Direct Connect Direct Connect Direct Connect...

  • Page 67: Appendix B Software License And Patent Agreement

    Appendix B Software License and Patent Agreement Copies of the software license agreement and patent notice for the router are included in this appendix. Router User’s Guide ORKS...
  • Page 68 ATTENTION By opening the bag and/or using the Echelon product contained in the bag, you agree to be bound by all the Terms and Conditions of the Software License Agreement below. If you do not so agree, you may return the unused Echelon product (including documentation) within 15 days to the person from whom it was acquired and receive a full refund.

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