Sir Humphry Davy; 19Th Century Advancements; Wheatstone And Cooke; Carlisle And William Nicholson - Adobe FRAMEMAKER 7 Manual

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Sir Humphry Davy

apart, the arc light persisted until the tips had burnt
Sir Humphry Davy (1778–
away to the critical gap which extinguished the light.
1829) one of Britain's leading chemists of the 18th
As a researcher and lecturer at the Royal Institution
century, is best remembered for his safety lamp for
Davy worked closely with Michael Faraday (see
miners. It was Davy who first demonstrated that elec-
"Michael Faraday" on page
tricity could be used to produce light. He connected
stitution as his manservant and later became his
two carbon rods to a heavy duty storage battery.
secretary.
When he touched the tips of the rods together a very
bright white light was produced. As he drew the rods
Section 2: 19th Century Advancements

Wheatstone and Cooke

Thomas Alva Edison

In 1837 Charles
Wheatstone and William Cooke took out a patent for lific inventor Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1831) who
the world's first Five-needle Telegraph, which was in- had invented the incandescent carbon filament bulb,
stalled between Paddington railway station in west built a number of electricity generators in the vicinity
London and West Drayton station a few miles away. of the Niagara Falls. These used the power of the
The five copper wires required for this system were falling water to drive hydraulic turbines which were
embedded in blocks of wood. coupled to the dynamos. These generators were fit-
ted with a spinning switch or commutator to make the
• • •
current flow in unidirectional pulses. In 1876 all elec-
trical equipment was powered by direct current (DC).

Carlisle and William Nicholson

Electroly-
sis, the chemical decomposition of a substance into
Edison's one-time employee Nicola Tesla went on to
its constituent elements by the action of an electric
rival his employer and in many respects to outshine
current, was discovered by the English chemists
him. For more information on this remarkable—albeit
Carlisle and William Nicholson (1753–1815). If an
obscure—inventor, see
electric current is passed through water it is broken
Tesla" on page 4.
down into the two elements of which it is com-
posed—hydrogen and oxygen. The process is used
extensively in modern industry for electroplating.

Georg Ohm

• • • schoolmaster Georg Ohm (1789–1854) had defined
the relationship between electric pressure (voltage),

Andre-Marie Ampere

In France Andre-Marie
current (flow rate) and resistance in a circuit (Ohm's
Ampere (1775–1836) carried out a complete mathe-
law), but 16 years passed before he received recog-
matical study of the laws which govern the interac-
nition for his work.
tion between wires carrying electric currents.
Scientists were now convinced that since the flow of
• • •
an electric current in a wire or a coil of wire caused it
3
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4) who first joined the in-
In the U.S.A. the pro-
"The Achievements of Nicola
• • •
In Germany in 1826 a Bavarian
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