Lexicon PCM 81 - REV 1 User Manual
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Lexicon PCM 81 - REV 1 User Manual

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PCM 81
Digital Effects
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User Guide

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  • Page 1 PCM 81 Digital Effects Processor User Guide...
  • Page 2 B prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada. Lexicon Inc. Copyright 1998 3 Oak Park All Rights Reserved. Bedford MA 01730-1441 Telephone 781-280-0300 Lexicon Part # 070-12614 Rev 1 Fax 781-280-0490...
  • Page 3 PCM 81 Digital Effects Processor User Guide...
  • Page 4 Dansk Suomi Vigtig information om sikkerhed Tärkeitä turvallisuusohjeita Säilytä nämä ohjeet tulevaa käyttöä varten. Gem denne vejledning til senere brug. Seuraa kaikkia yksikköön merkittyjä ohjeita ja varoituksia. Følg alle anvisninger og advarsler på apparatet. Käytä aina oikeaa verkkojännitettä. Tehovaatimukset selviävät valmistajan Apparatet skal altid tilsluttes den korrekte spænding.
  • Page 5 Deutsch Español Wichtige Sicherheitsanweisungen Instrucciones importantes de seguridad Heben Sie sich diese Sicherheitsanweisungen auch für später auf. Guarde esta instrucciones para uso posterior. Befolgen Sie alle auf der Vorrichtung stehenden Anweisungen und Warnungen. Utilice siempre el voltaje correcto. Diríjase a las instrucciones de operación Immer nur mit der richtigen Spannung verwenden! Die Gebrauchsanweisungen del fabricante para obtener las especificaciones de potencia.

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Contents Introduction 1. Product Overview Block Diagram ..................1-1 The Front Panel .................. 1-2 The Rear Panel ................... 1-3 Installation Notes ................1-4 Mounting ..................1-4 Power Requirements ..............1-4 Audio Connections ............... 1-4 Control Connections ..............1-5 Connectors ................... 1-5 Setting Audio Levels ..............
  • Page 7 Contents, cont'd. 3. The Algorithms and their Parameters About the Algorithms ................3-1 The 4-Voice Algorithms ..............3-2 The Reverb Shell ................. 3-2 Concert Hall ................. 3-3 Plate ..................... 3-4 Chamber ..................3-5 Inverse ..................3-6 Infinite ................... 3-7 The 6-Voice Algorithms ..............3-8 Glide>Hall ..................
  • Page 8 Contents, cont'd. 4. The Presets Program Bank 0 .................. 4-2 Multi Effects (0.0-1.9) ..............4-2 Modulation Effects (2.0-3.5) ............4-3 Special Effects (3.6-4.9) ............... 4-5 Program Bank 1 .................. 4-6 Rhythmic Echo and Delay Effects (0.0-3.6) ......... 4-6 Ambience Effects (3.7-4.9) ............4-10 Program Bank 2 ................
  • Page 9 6. Troubleshooting Contents, cont'd. Low Voltage ..................6-2 Overheating ..................6-2 Common MIDI Problems ..............6-2 Operational Problems ................. 6-3 Power On Behavior ................6-3 Reinitialization ..................6-3 Restoring Factory Default Settings ............. 6-4 7. Specifications...

  • Page 10: Introduction

    Introduction Thank you for your purchase of the PCM 81, one of Lexicon’s most powerful and versatile digital effects processors. The PCM 81 brings you exciting new effects with extensive processing and control capabilities, and uncompromising sonic clarity. The PCM 81 contains a built-in library of 300 preset programs that provide a...
  • Page 11 Time Switch controls, as well as all delay parameters, ensuring that all of your modulations are in tempo with your music. You can even set independent rhythmic values for different parameters within a single program. Tempo can be set and displayed in either rhythmic value or time values. Many presets, particularly the Rhythmic Echo &...

  • Page 12: Product Overview

    Product Overview Product Overview Block Diagram...

  • Page 13: The Front Panel

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The Front Panel SELECT Scrolls through pre- sets, registers or pa- Headroom ADJUST rameters. With Pro- POWER 5-position indicator for In Edit mode, changes gram Bank or Register On/Off. analog and digital sig- Display values of parameters...

  • Page 14: The Rear Panel

    Product Overview The Rear Panel Balanced Inputs Balanced Outputs Input Level Combined 3 pole XLR Output impedance is 2-position (In/Out) and 1/4" jacks, elec- 125 , each side, bal- switch for matching in- tronically balanced. AES/EBU and S/PDIF Inputs anced, and levels up to put gain to the source Input impedance is AES/EBU format digital connectors conform to...

  • Page 15: Installation Notes

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Installation Notes Mounting The PCM 81 uses one EIA-standard rack space, and can be mounted on any level surface or in a standard 19 inch (483 mm) rack. If the PCM 81 is mounted in a rack or road case, support the rear of the chassis to prevent possible damage from mechanical shock and vibration.

  • Page 16: Control Connections

    Product Overview Control Connections Footswitch/Foot Controller One 1/4 inch T/R/S phone jack is provided for 2 momentary footswitches. Another 1/4 inch T/R/S phone jack is provided for a footpedal (minimum 100 to maximum 10k impedance). Normally open or normally closed momentary switches are suitable.

  • Page 17: Setting Audio Levels

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The PCM 81, with both analog and digital input and output connections, requires Setting Audio Levels some attention to proper setting of signal level. Analog inputs are first gain-conditioned by the rear panel input gain switch, and then by the front panel INPUT knob.
  • Page 18 Product Overview Selecting a Digital Input Source 1. Press Control. 2. Press Up or Down until the leftmost digit in the lower lefthand corner of the display is 0. 3. Turn SELECT to 0.0 Word Clock, and turn ADJUST to display Ext: XLR or Ext: Coax, depending on the input you are using.

  • Page 19: Configurations

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Configurations Connection to a mixing console's effects sends Effects Send (R) Effects Send (L) Channel Input or Effects Return (R) Channel Input or Effects Return (L) If you will be using a PCM 81 as your primary effects unit, and your system includes a console with one or more auxiliary (effects) sends, connect the PCM 81 as shown above.

  • Page 20: Memory Cards

    Product Overview Memory Cards You can use Memory cards to store as many as 2350 PCM 81 registers (47 banks of 50 — on a 1 Meg card). Registers stored on a properly formatted card will be recognized whenever the card is inserted, and can be accessed via the front panel Register Banks button, exactly as internal registers.
  • Page 21 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon 1-10...

  • Page 22: Basic Operation

    Basic Operation Basic Operation The PCM 81 provides a wide range of control over an extraordinary set of reverb, delay, pitch and modulation effects. All of the controls are easily accessed from the front panel and are described in detail in this section. Modes of Operation The PCM 81 has five basic modes of operation, each of which is selected by pressing a front panel button (Program Banks, Register Banks, Edit, Control...

  • Page 23: Navigating A Matrix

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Navigating a Matrix All of the controls available in a mode are arranged in a matrix of up to 10 columns (numbered 0-9) and 10 rows (each numbered .0-.9). This arrangment allows any one of as many as 100 parameters to be selected simply by using the SELECT knob and the Up and Down buttons to select a position in the matrix.

  • Page 24: Info

    Basic Operation The PCM 81 offers an extensive set of informative display messages which can Info be activated from the front panel. The front panel switches perform various functions when pressed. Most of these functions are activated on release of the button. If you want to know more about the function of a particular button (without actually executing any action) press and hold the button down.

  • Page 25: Control Mode

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Control Mode Selections of various system states and conditions are made in Control Mode. Press Control to enter this mode. The Control button LED will light to indicate that the mode is active. Note that Control Mode functions are not available when the Compare function is active.
  • Page 26 Basic Operation When External clock is selected, any loss of lock detected in the incoming digital audio, or reception of non-audio data will cause the PCM 81 to immediately mute the digital input, and switch to Internal clock at the sample rate of the last valid external signal.
  • Page 27 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Parity, Biphase: Indicate that at least one bit (and therefore at least one audio sample) was corrupted. Parity, Biphase, and Confidence errors are most often caused by inappropriate cabling. Be sure to use 75 video-grade cable, kept as short as possible —...
  • Page 28 Basic Operation If digital audio is interrupted by lock or range errors, or by transmission of non- audio data, the digital input will be muted. Whenever this occurs, the PCM 81 remains functional, while an error message, such as those shown below, is displayed.
  • Page 29 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon 0.5 Emphasis Bit The Emphasis control allows you to explicitly set the emphasis "flag" in the digital audio, or to pass along the incoming signal without changing its emphasis coding. (The PCM 81 does not perform any emphasis or de-emphasis as part of its signal processing.
  • Page 30 Basic Operation 1.2 Tempo Mode The PCM 81 gives you an exciting new approach to working with delay times and modulation parameters. Now you can set these parameters in beats, allowing you to control your effects in a completely musical way. Each PCM 81 effect has its own Tempo parameters, with tempo settings stored as an integral part of the effect.
  • Page 31 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon 1.5 Mem Protect The PCM 81 provides a memory protection feature to prevent accidental overwriting of your stored effects. When this control is set to On, pressing the front panel Store button will cause an error message to be displayed. To enable the Store function, turn ADJUST to select Off.
  • Page 32 Basic Operation Row 2 Card 2.0 Bank Copy This control allows you to copy banks of effects from one location to another. Banks can be copied internally, or to and from PCMCIA Memory Cards. Try, for example, copying Preset Bank 0 into the internal Register Bank. 1.
  • Page 33 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon 2.2 Format This control allows you to format a Memory Card for PCM 81 use. Press Store and insert an unformatted card (or one you don't mind erasing). Make sure the Write Protect latch on the card is set to Off. Press Store. The display will ask "Are you sure?"...
  • Page 34 Basic Operation Pgm+ and Pgm –, are available as subparameters in each location. Pgm+ will load the next higher effect in the current bank, map , or chain. Pgm – will load the next lower effect. You can select the following sources to activate Pgm+ and Pgm –: Footswitch 1 Footswitch 2...
  • Page 35 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon To load a specific Program Chain, without sending the PCM 81 a MIDI Program Change message, use ADJUST to display the desired chain number. MIDI Pgm Change Chain 3.4 Automation This control is provided for communication with one or more additional PCM 80s or PCM 81s.
  • Page 36 Basic Operation Row 4 Setup 4.0 Store Control mode Audio, System, and MIDI parameter settings, along with two settings from the Tempo matrix, comprise a "Setup." Five setups can be stored in the unit, or on a Memory Card, allowing you to transport not only your effects, but complete PCM 81 environments to another PCM 81.
  • Page 37 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Row 5 Mapx Map 0 and Map 1 When Control mode 3.3 is set to Map, received MIDI Program Change messages will be mapped according to the selections made here. The selec- tions available are: MIDI Program Change # (0-127), Bank # (PCM 81 preset, register, or card bank) and Pgm # (PCM 81 effect number 0-49).

  • Page 38: Program And Register Banks

    Basic Operation Program and The PCM 81 has 300 factory-designed programs, organized into six Program Banks of 50 each, and 50 memory locations, called registers, for storing your Register Banks customized effects. One Register Bank is available in the PCM 81 itself. Additional Register Banks can be stored on PCMCIA cards.
  • Page 39 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon In the Program and Register Banks, ADJUST is a Soft Knob. Each of the factory- designed programs has one or more parameters patched to this knob, providing a quick way to make useful changes to the effect. For example, in P0 0.0 Prime Blue, ADJUST varies the mix of Chorus, Echo and Reverb effects.

  • Page 40: Tempo Mode

    Basic Operation Tempo Mode The PCM 81 gives you unique control over tempo. In the PCM 81, tempo is not just a matter of setting echo rates. Any delay parameter (as many as 10 in some effects) and any time-based modulator (LFO, Sw1 and Sw2) can be individually assigned to an absolute time value, or assigned to a tempo value.
  • Page 41 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Press Tempo to access the following tempo parameters: The Tempo Mode Matrix Simultaneously press Up and Down to return to 0.0. An asterisk ( ) accompanying a parameter name indicates that there are subparameters available at that matrix location. The Load / LED will light whenever an asterisk appears in the display.
  • Page 42 Basic Operation Row 1 1.0 Tap Duration This control determines how many beats will occur in a tap interval. The default setting (1 beat) is probably adequate for most applications. With the default setting of 1 beat, if the tempo is set to 120 bpm, and the beat value is set to quarter-note, each TAP = 1 quarter-note = 1 beat.

  • Page 43: Editing An Effect

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Editing an Effect With 17 algorithms and 300 preset effects, the PCM 81 gives you a lot to play with right out of the box. An enormous range of editing control is provided for each algorithm, with parameters organized in an edit matrix of as many as 100 main controls.

  • Page 44: The Soft Row

    Basic Operation Beyond simple ADJUST knob editing, the PCM 81 offers two levels of editing control, called Go mode and Pro mode. Go mode is designed to be a basic "plug and play" mode, with easy access to a specific set of preset parameters. For each of the 300 presets, we have designed a Soft Row containing those parameters which allow you to make value changes to the effect without losing the character of the sound.

  • Page 45: Compare

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Compare Whenever you edit a PCM 81 effect from the front panel, the LED in the Compare button will light. This lets you know that the effect has been altered since the last store operation, and that the edit compare function is active.

  • Page 46: Store Operations

    Basic Operation Store Operations Turning Memory The PCM 81 is shipped with its Memory Protection option on. When you press the front panel Store button, the following message will be displayed: Protection Off Store not active Mem Protect is on To turn Memory Protection off, press Control and use Up and Down and SELECT to display matrix location 1.5.

  • Page 47: Selecting A Bank And Register Location

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Renaming the Effect Renaming an effect is straightforward. With the asterisk and the cursor posi- tioned as shown, turn ADJUST to select a new character. Press Up or Down to select a new type of character (upper case, lower case, numeric, symbolic, or blank).

  • Page 48: The Full Edit Matrix

    Basic Operation Setting Edit Mode to Pro (Control Mode 1.0) gives you access to the full The Full Edit Matrix parameter matrix of the algorithm for any loaded effect whenever you press the front panel Edit button. To select any parameter for adjustment, use SELECT to move horizontally across the matrix and the Up and Down buttons to move vertically.

  • Page 49: Creating A Soft Row

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Creating a Soft Row In Pro mode you still have complete access to the Soft Row, which appears above row 0 of the full edit matrix. The parameters assigned here are duplicates of selected parameters in the matrix and can be adjusted from Row S (Soft Row), or from their matrix location.
  • Page 50 Basic Operation Modifying the Soft Row, or creating a completely new Soft Row for an effect is easy: 1. From the full Edit matrix, press Up until you get to the Soft Row, indicated by an S in the lower left corner of the display. 2.

  • Page 51: Patching

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Patching Patching is the ability to assign a control (Source) to any PCM 81 parameter (Destination). This allows you to alter the value of the parameter by manipulating the control Source. For example, you can select the front panel ADJUST knob as a Source and an effect's Mix parameter as a Destination.
  • Page 52 Basic Operation Assigning a Source Three types of sources are available: Internal, MIDI and MIDI Controller. These types are indicated in the Source list by the labels: Int, MIDI, or a number (001- 119). Turn ADJUST to scroll through the entire list of available sources. Patch Sources Internal MIDI Controller Numbers...
  • Page 53 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Assigning a Destination Once you have selected a Source, press Load / and the display will change to allow you to assign a Destination (Dst). The asterisk ( ) indicates that Destinations will be se- lected when you turn ADJUST.
  • Page 54 Basic Operation Assigning Values Once you have assigned a Destination, press Load / to get to the Values display. The current Dst value is displayed here. When you press Patch 0 Values Load / again, the asterisk will move to indicate that this value 000: is available to be changed by turning ADJUST.
  • Page 55 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Jump cont'd. From the Patch row Dst selection display: • Press Edit to jump to the Edit controls for the parameter you have selected as the Destination. You will have complete access to all parameter controls, including any subparameters at that location.
  • Page 56 Basic Operation Press Load/ to bring up patch Destinations for selection. The display should show that Destination is unassigned. Patch 1 Unassigned The ADJUST knob will now scroll through all of the available parameters of EkoChorus. The lower line of the display will show the edit matrix row label on the left, and the parameters in that row on the right.
  • Page 57 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Adjusting the modulation Continuing the previous example, we’ll adjust the rate of the LFO by jumping to source parameters it from the Patch row. Press Load/ repeatedly to return to the Patch 1 Source selection display.
  • Page 58 Basic Operation Let’s modify the patch further by adjusting the Destination values to a more Changing the default useful range. destination values Press Load/ repeatedly until the Patch 1 Values screen is displayed. Patch 1 Values –360 MONO Notice that the is to the left of the Source value.
  • Page 59 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Adding an additional pivot So far, our example uses only two pairs of patch values. The Destination point to the patch parameter moves linearly between the value assigned at 000 and the value asssigned at 127.
  • Page 60 Basic Operation Press Load/ to bring up the Values display. The last value edited will be displayed, so you will see either the minimum or maximum value. Patch 1 Values Patch 1 Values +0 MONO 127 : +90 L-R, R-L If the is not at the left of the Source value, press Load/ three times to move...
  • Page 61 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon If you create two or more patches with the same Destination, the Destination Multiple Patches with the value will be the sum of all of the patches assigned to it. Same Destination For example, if Pedal and ADJUST are both assigned to Mix, the Mix value will be the sum of the patch Destination values for those two patches.

  • Page 62: The Algorithms And Their Parameters

    Dual-Chmb, Dual-Plt, Dual-Inv, Stereo-Chmb, VSO-Chmb and Pitch Correct each offer a unique type of pitch shifting, combined with an uncompromised Lexicon reverb. In this chapter, diagrams and descriptions of the Reverb Shell,and of the 4 and 6-Voice algorithms are presented first, along with pictures of each edit matrix.

  • Page 63: The 4-Voice Algorithms

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The 4-Voice Algorithms The Reverb Shell Each of the 4-Voice algorithms share a common set of controls and parameters built around one of five stereo reverb effects: Concert Hall, Plate, Chamber, Inverse and Infinite. The diagram below shows these common controls and parameters as they are structured around a reverb effect.

  • Page 64: Concert Hall

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters Concert Hall This algorithm emulates a real concert hall. The reverberation is very clean, and designed to remain behind the direct sound — adding ambience, but leaving the source unchanged. This effect has a relatively low initial echo density which builds up gradually over time.

  • Page 65: Plate

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Plate The Plate algorithm mimics the sound of metal plates, with high initial diffusion and a relatively bright sound. This makes them a good choice for enhancing any type of percussion.

  • Page 66: Chamber

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters The Chamber algorithm produces an even, relatively dimensionless reverbera- Chamber tion, with little change in color as the sound decays. The initial diffusion is similar to the Concert Hall algorithm, but the sense of space and size is much less obvious.

  • Page 67: Inverse

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The Inverse algorithm allows you to vary the slope of the initial portion of the Inverse reverb envelope. The slope can decay, remain level, or rise over a variable time interval. When the time interval is up, the reverberation cuts off abruptly. The resulting effect is similar to a gate, but is not at all dependent on the level or complexity of the input signal.

  • Page 68: Infinite

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters Infinite Infinite is acoustically similar to the Chamber algorithm, with the addition of an Infinite parameter. When this parameter is turned on, the input to the reverberator ramps off. (Note that this still allows the Reverb Shell to be utilized.) With Infinite on, the reverb tail remains constant, creating strange and useful reverb effects.

  • Page 69: The 6-Voice Algorithms

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The 6-Voice Each 6-Voice algorithm is a combination of a specific 6-voice stereo effect and a specific reverb effect. These algorithms: Glide>Hall, Chorus+Rvb, M-Band+Rvb, Algorithms Res1>Plate and Res2>Plate are each optimized for a particular class of audio processing effects in combination with studio quality stereo reverberation, bringing formidable processing power and flexibility to effects creation.
  • Page 70 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Glide>Hall A stereo pair of 2-tap gliding delays feeds six individually adjustable delay voices. Each voice has its own level, feedback, delay, cross-feedback, and pan parameters. The output of these delay voices is fed into a Concert Hall reverb algorithm.
  • Page 71 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The Chorus effect has six separately adjustable voices — allowing the PCM 81 Chorus+Rvb to sound like a rack of six digital delay boxes. Each voice has its own independently adjustable chorus depth and rate, level control, delay time, feedback and panning control.
  • Page 72 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Chorus+Rvb cont'd. 3-11...
  • Page 73 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon This effect features six separately adjustable voices, each with its own level M-Band+Rvb control, delay time, low and high frequency filters, feedback and pan controls. The multi-band effect is in parallel with a Chamber effect, providing independent stereo effects.
  • Page 74 The Algorithms and Their Parameters M-Band+Rvb cont'd. 3-13...
  • Page 75 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The Resonant Chord The Resonant Chord effects use impulsive energy at the inputs to excite six Algorithms: resonant voices (notes). The level, pitch, duration, and high-frequency cutoff of Res1>Plate and the overtones for each voice are separately controllable. Each voice can be Res2>Plate...
  • Page 76 The Algorithms and Their Parameters The Resonant Chord Algorithms: Res1>Plate and Res2>Plate cont'd. Res1>Plate Res2>Plate 3-15...
  • Page 77 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The Parameters PCM 81 parameters are organized into labeled rows within each edit matrix. Although there are similarities among all matrixes, such as having a row of Controls first, and Modulation and Patching rows last, some of the parameters within each row, and some entire rows are unique to specific algorithms.
  • Page 78 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Controls Row 0 of every algorithm contains parameters that provide overall control of both the reverb and voice effects. Mix controls the ratio of dry and wet signal present at the PCM 81 outputs. When the PCM 81 is patched into a console or an instrument amplifier through an auxiliary or effects loop, this control should always be set to 100% wet.
  • Page 79 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Controls cont'd. FX Width FX Width can be thought of as an extension of typical mono to stereo imaging controls. The range of this parameter is -360 to +360, in single digit increments. Values of -360, 0, or +360 cause the effect's audio output to be mono. Values of -315 and +45 cause the output to be normal left/right stereo.
  • Page 80 The Algorithms and Their Parameters In each algorithm, the Delay Time row contains parameters for delay settings of Delay Time each voice, as well as master delay parameters for all voices. Master, GldResp, GldRange, Clear Press Load/ to cycle through selections: Master, GldResp, GldRange and Clear.

  • Page 81: Glide>Hall

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Delay Time cont'd. Voices These parameters set the delay time, in seconds, for each individual voice. The range for each algorithm is shown below. Algorithm Delay Time Concert Hall 0-1.365 sec You can set and display delay val- Plate 0-1.365 sec...

  • Page 82: Feedback/Cross-Feedback

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters Feedback/ Parameters in this row provide level and phase setting for feedback of individual Cross Feedback voices, as well as a master feedback parameter for all voices. In the Glide>Hall algorithm, a duplicate set of parameters is included for cross-feedback. Master A Master Feedback control is available in effects which have a feedback level control for each voice.

  • Page 83: Filters

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Filters In the M-Band+Rvb algorithm, Row 5 contains parameters for cut-off frequen- cies of low and high cut filters for each voice, as well as master low and high cut controls for all voices. Mstr LC/HC Two master controls are provided in the first row position.

  • Page 84: Levels

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters X-Fbk L/R Glide FX cont'd. These parameters control the corresponding cross feedback levels of the left and right channel glide delays. Specifically, X-Fbk L controls the feedback from the left channel A+B glide delay output to the right channel glide delay feedback input.

  • Page 85: Modulation

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Modulation The Modulation row, which is the same for every algorithm, contains the parameters for the PCM 81's internal modulation sources. Use the Patch row to assign these modulators to any PCM 81 effect parameter.
  • Page 86 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Mod: AR Env Modulation cont'd. This envelope generator's output, when turned on, will go from 0 to127. How quickly it goes from 0 to 127 is determined by the setting of Attack (0-10 seconds). Once the envelope generator has reached 127, it remains there as long as it is turned on.
  • Page 87 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Mod: Latch Modulation cont'd. The latch is a very flexible modulation source. It can be used to do such things as derive a switch from a continuous “return to zero” source (like MIDI After Touch). It can turn a momentary (on/off) footswitch into a latching footswitch (push on/ push off), and it can divide the switching rates of sources in half or thirds.
  • Page 88 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Mod: Sw 1 and Mod: Sw 2 Modulation cont'd. These are identical time switches. Each has five parameters: Rate, P Width, Mode, T Lvl and T Src. Rate sets the speed at which the switch cycles. It can be set in time values (such as 1.5 Hz) or tempo values (such as 3:2 Cycles per Beat).

  • Page 89: Panning

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon A special, composite output of these switches, called Sw 1&2 is available as a Modulation cont'd. patch source. The value of Sw 1&2 alternates between the output of Sw 1 and the output of Sw 2. The alternation occurs on the transition from on to off. Note that both Sw 1 and Sw 2 must be active for the alternation to occur.

  • Page 90: Patching

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters The last row of each algorithm's edit matrix is the Patch row. This row provides Patching parameters for creating as many as ten patches in each effect. Each row position (Patch 0-9) has three controls available: Src, Dst, and Values. Press Load/ to cycle among these selections.

  • Page 91: Pitch

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Pitch The Resonant Chord algorithms: Res1>Plate and Res 2>Plate each have a Pitch row that contains the parameters for setting and controlling the tuning of the effect's resonators. Each set of parameters is presented separately here.
  • Page 92 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Pitch cont'd. Res 2>Plate Pitch parameters The voice resonators take the audio impulse from a delay voice and “resonate” it at a desired pitch. The Res2 effect is a “interval harmonization” pitch assign in that pitch changes generate interval pitches to be assigned to the six voice resonators.
  • Page 93 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Rule This parameter has four values: Round Down, Round Up, Shift Pitch cont'd. Down, and Shift Up. Its exclusive purpose is to tell the interval harmonizer what to do with out-of-key pitch assignments. The values instruct the interval harmonizer as follows:...
  • Page 94 The Algorithms and Their Parameters An example application of Key, Scale, Root, Rule and Voice Pitch Intervals. Pitch cont'd. Active resonators set to 3. The Key is C. The Scale is Major. The Root is 1. (C Major Ionian) Voice 1 Pitch is assigned to Unison. Voice 2 Pitch is assigned to +3rd.

  • Page 95: Resonance

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon In the Resonant Chord algorithms: Res1>Plate and Res2>Plate, this row Resonance contains high cut filter and resonance controls for each voice, as well as master high cut and resonance controls for all voices. Mstr Res,Mstr HC Position 0 of the Resonance row contains two master parameters for the six resonator voices: Mstr Res and Mstr HC.
  • Page 96 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Shape, Spread Rvb Design cont'd. In the Chamber and Infinite algorithms, Shape and Spread work together to control the overall ambience of the reverberation created by the PCM 81. Shape determines the contour of the reverberation envelope. With Shape all the way down, reverberation builds explosively, and decays quickly.

  • Page 97: Reverb Time

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Rvb Time The Reverb Time row, available in every algorithm, contains parameters that affect the time-based aspects of the reverb effect. Mid Rt and Low Rt Mid Rt sets the reverb time for mid-frequency signals. Because low frequency reverb time (Low Rt) is a multiplier of Mid Rt, Mid Rt acts as a master control for the reverb time.
  • Page 98 The Algorithms and Their Parameters RefLvl L&R, RefDly L&R Rvb Time cont'd. These controls provide pre-echoes to the left and right channels. The maximum range for Inverse effects is 800ms. In all other effects it is 1.2 seconds. Press Load/ to cycle through the selections. EkoFbk L&R,EkoDly L&R Available in the Plate, Chamber and Infinite algorithms, these controls provide a pre-echo of 1.2 seconds maximum to the left and right channels, with...

  • Page 99: The Pitch Algorithms

    The Pitch Algorithms The PCM 81 contains 7 Pitch algorithms, each combined with uncompromised About the Lexicon reverb, to provide a wide range of useful pitch shift effects, ranging from Pitch Algorithms pitch correction to unique special effects. A Quad>Hall algorithm provides a 4-voice pitch shifter, combined with the PCM 81 Concert Hall reverb.

  • Page 100: About Pitch Shifting

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters About Pitch Shifting Digital pitch shifting requires temporal compression or expansion of audio data and the addition or removal of small audio segments to compensate. Raising pitch is accomplished by compressing the audio data — making it run faster.

  • Page 101: Quad>Hall

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Quad>Hall The Quad>Hall algorithm, is a 4-voice pitch shifter in series with the Concert Hall reverb. As in the multi-voice algorithms, each voice has its own delay, level, feedback, cross-feedback and panning controls. The maximum delay time for each voice is 1.250 seconds.
  • Page 102 The Algorithms and Their Parameters 3-41...

  • Page 103: Dual-Chmb

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The following five Pitch FX algorithms: Dual-Chmb, Dual-Plt, Dual-Inv, Ste- reo-Chmb and VSO-Chmb are created from 3 Reverb blocks and 3 Pitch Shift Effect blocks. The individual reverb and effect blocks are described below, followed by the diagrams and matrixes and parameter descriptions for the algorithms.
  • Page 104 The Algorithms and Their Parameters The Chamber reverb produces an even, relatively dimensionless reverbera- tion, with little change in color as the sound decays. The initial diffusion is similar to the Concert Hall algorithm, but the sense of space and size is much less obvious.

  • Page 105: Dual-Plt

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Dual-Plt This algorithm includes a dual pitch shifter combined with the Plate reverb. The pitch shifter has two voices. Each voice has independent controls for pitch, level, delay, pan, feedback and cross-feedback. The pitch of each voice is adjustable up or down over a 3 octave range with a resolution of 1 cent.
  • Page 106 The Algorithms and Their Parameters 3-45...

  • Page 107: Dual-Inv

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Dual-Inv This algorithm includes a dual pitch shifter combined with the Inverse reverb. The pitch shifter has two voices. Each voice has independent controls for pitch, level, delay, pan, feedback and cross-feedback. The pitch of each voice is adjustable up or down over a 3 octave range with a resolution of 1 cent.
  • Page 108 The Algorithms and Their Parameters 3-47...

  • Page 109: Stereo-Chmb

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Stereo-Chmb The Stereo-Chmb algorithm is optimized for the best possible shifted audio quality while maintaining the stereo imagery of the source material. Pitch is adjustable up or down over a 3 octave range with a resolution of 1 cent. This effect is combined with the Chamber reverb.

  • Page 110: Vso-Chmb

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters VSO-Chmb The VSO-Chmb algorithm provides the same high quality shifter as Stereo- Chmb, designed for on the fly pitch correction of varispeed playback sources. A varispeed parameter allows you to match the varispeed setting of the playback source.
  • Page 111 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon VSO Shifter Chamber The Chamber reverb produces an even, relatively dimensionless reverbera- tion, with little change in color as the sound decays. The initial diffusion is similar to the Concert Hall algorithm, but the sense of space and size is much less obvious.

  • Page 112: The Pitch Parameters

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters The Pitch Parameters MstrCents This is a master pitch offset control for all voices. The value dialed in here will be added to all voices. This control allows you to transpose pitch voices while keeping the relative interval(s) between them constant. MstrScale This is a master pitch scaling control for all voices.

  • Page 113: Voice 1-4 (Or 1-2)

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Parameter Descriptions Voice 1-4 (or 1-2) cont'd. These parameters determine the amount of pitch shift for the left and right input channels. In the Quad Shift algorithm, Voices 1 and 2 are left shifts and 3 and 4 are right shifts.

  • Page 114: Using The Submixer

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters Using the Submixer Expanded configuration control is available in those Pitch algorithms which have a Submixer incorporated into each algorithm. This Submixer lets you arrange any combination of reverb and effects blocks in any configuration simply by changing the three main Submixer controls: Sends, Returns and Routing.

  • Page 115: Sends

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The Submixer appears as row 1 on the parameter matrix. The first three parameters in the row are the basic Submixer controls: Sends, Returns, and Routing. Any configuration can be achieved by simply adjusting these three parameters.

  • Page 116: Routing

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters Routing The Routing parameter provides continuously variable control of the FX and Rvb effect routing: Rvb and FX in parallel, Rvb into FX (series) and FX into Rvb (reverse series). This parameter has a range of 0–400. The value of this parameter determines the routing/ordering of the stereo Rvb and FX effects.
  • Page 117 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Stereo Series 2 • The main stereo inputs are sent into the FX block. • The stereo output of the FX block is sent into the stereo inputs of the Rvb block. • The stereo output of the Rvb block is sent to the main left and right outputs.
  • Page 118 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Mono In/Stereo Out Series 2 • A mono mix of the left and right inputs is sent into the FX block. • The stereo output of the FX block is sent into the stereo inputs of the Rvb block. •...
  • Page 119 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Mono In/Stereo Out Parallel • The Rvb and FX blocks each independently process a mono mix of the left and right inputs. • The stereo outputs of both the Rvb and FX blocks are combined at the main outputs.
  • Page 120 The Algorithms and Their Parameters Dual Mono In/Stereo Out • The Rvb block processes only the left input as a mono signal, and the FX block processes only the right input as a mono signal. • The stereo outputs of both the Rvb and FX blocks are combined at the main outputs. Submixer Routing Submixer Sends Submixer Returns...
  • Page 121 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Dual Mono In/Mono Out • The Rvb block processes only the left input as a mono signal, and the FX block processes only the right input as a mono signal. • A mono mix of the Rvb block output is sent to the left main output. A mono mix of the FX output is sent to the right main output.

  • Page 122: Rvb And Fx Block Controls

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters The Rvb and FX blocks shown in the previous configurations represent the Rvb and FX Block Controls Stereo Reverb and 2-Voice Pitch Shift effects. Each of these blocks has its own set of controls, shown in the diagrams below. Rvb Block Pitch FX Block These effect block controls are also found in the Submixer row of each...
  • Page 123 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Rvb In W, FX In W These are input width controls for the Rvb and FX blocks. These are essentially the same as the PCM 81 FX Width and Rvb Width parameters. The difference is that the width control in the Pitch FX algorithms is located at the input to the effect.

  • Page 124: The Pitch Correct Algorithm And Its Parameters

    The Algorithms and Their Parameters The Pitch Correct The Vocal Fix Pitch Correct algorithm is designed to work with monophonic (one note at a time) vocal sources. The algorithm contains an intelligent pitch shifter Algorithm and Its combined with a PCM 81 Chamber reverb. The intelligent pitch shifter detects Parameters the pitch of incoming audio and produces effects based on the detected pitch.
  • Page 125 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon The Chamber reverb produces an even, relatively dimensionless reverbera- tion, with little change in color as the sound decays. The initial diffusion is similar to the Concert Hall algorithm, but the sense of space and size is much less obvious.
  • Page 126 The Algorithms and Their Parameters The Pitch Correct Parameters FX HiCut, FX LoCut Controls Row These parameters control stereo high cut and low cut filters on the algorithm outputs. Each has a range of 20Hz- 20kHz. Detect Pitch Row This parameter displays the source used for pitch detection: Input, Fixed or MIDI. Input Pitch is detected from the sum of the left and right input signals.
  • Page 127 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Low Pitch and High Pitch These controls allow you to set a range of pitches to be detected. This is very useful with source material that has extraneous noise, for example, a vocal track which contains some headphone leakage picked up by the vocal mike. If Low...

  • Page 128: The Presets

    The Presets The Presets The PCM 81 has 300 factory-designed presets which are organized into six banks of 50 each (labeled P0- P5). Each bank is organized in a matrix of 5 rows of 10. Press the front panel Program Banks button to display the first bank. Press it again to switch to another bank.

  • Page 129: Program Bank 0

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Program Bank 0 (P0) Prime Blue ADJUST: Efx/Rvb X 0–127 Multi Effects A combination of 3 stereo effects: 6 voice chorus, rhythmic echoes, and reverb. You can (P0 0.0 – P0 1.9) dial-in the exact proportion of each. As ADJUST is turned from 0 to 127 the effect smoothly changes from chorus only , to chorus with echoes, to chorus with echoes and reverb, to reverb with echoes, and finally to reverb only.

  • Page 130: Multi Effects (0.0-1.9)

    The Presets Multi Effects Flange >Rvb ADJUST: FX Mix 0–100 This stereo effect feeds the output of a flanger into a concert hall reverb. ADJUST controls (P0 0.0 – P0 1.9) cont'd. the mix of dry and wet flanged audio. The Soft Row includes master delay and feedback parameters for adding echoes, as well as parameters for modulation and image control.
  • Page 131 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Split C&E ADJUST: InputPan 0–100 Modulation Effects The left input is processed into a lush 3-voice chorus with the voice panners adjusted from (P0 2.0 – P0 3.5) cont'd. center to left. The right input is processed into a rhythmic 3-voice echo with the output panned from center to right.

  • Page 132: Special Effects (3.6-4.9)

    The Presets Special Effects Under Water ADJUST: DrownKnob 0–100 This effect really pulls you under! It will submerge any track under water. ADJUST (P0 3.6– P0 4.9) controls the over all rate of the effect. Thunder FX ADJUST: FlashTime 0–127 An unusual special effect that produces a rolling clap of thunder from a percussive source (tom toms , etc.) and ethereal sweeps from synth pads.

  • Page 133: Program Bank 1

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Special Effects NoCenter Eko ADJUST: Center Fc 0–127 (P0 3.6– P0 4.9) cont'd. This is the same effect as Remove Center with delays added to the processed signal. It allows you to add echoes to the left and right material without affecting the mono material of a stereo mix or sub mix.

  • Page 134: Rhythmic Echo And Delay Effects (0.0-3.6)

    The Presets Sliding Eko ADJUST: Slide It! 0–100 Rhythmic Echo and This stereo delay effect lets you dial in the perfect “feel” to match the moment. Two echoes Delay Effects are produced. One is fixed on the beat. The other can be slid in musical time anywhere (P1 0.0 –...
  • Page 135 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Rhythmic Echo and LatchedEkos ADJUST: EchoWidth 1–99 Delay Effects The inputs and outputs of stereo delays are gated on and off by two rhythmic switches. (P1 0.0 – P1 3.6) cont'd. The Latch is used to trigger the AR envelope, which in turn alternates the left and right delay outputs.
  • Page 136 The Presets BandEkoSweep ADJUST: Mstr Fbk 0–100 Rhythmic Echo and A variation of BankEko Rvb. In this preset, the center frequency of the band pass filter is Delay Effects swept by the LFO producing echoes of shifting colors. Reverb and diffusion are turned (P1 0.0 –...

  • Page 137: Ambience Effects (3.7-4.9)

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Ambience Effects PhoneOrRoom? ADJUST: Pick One 0–1 (P1 3.7 – P1 4.9) Use ADJUST to choose between a mono telephone filter and a small room with stereo ambience. The Soft Row provides access to the filter controls as well as reverb design parameters.

  • Page 138: Program Bank 2

    The Presets 2WayTunnel ADJUST: Speed 1–100 Ambience Effects This is a variation of IntoTunnel. The source approaches and enters the tunnel, then turns (P1 3.7 – P1 4.9) cont'd. around and comes back. Use ADJUST to control the speed. FinishLine ADJUST: Speed 1–100...

  • Page 139: Eq Effects (0.0-1.0)

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon EQ Effects BandReject 4 ADJUST: FX Mix 0–100 Three independent modulators are used to sweep filters and pan the outputs of this (P2 0.0 – P2 1.0) cont'd. preset. The result is an effect with constantly changing tonal and spatial characteristics.

  • Page 140: Spatial Effects (1.1-2.4)

    The Presets Too Deep! ADJUST: Decay 0–40 Spatial Effects The left and right envelope followers control the post delay glides while the AR generator (P2 1.1 – P2 2.4) cont'd. controls reverb width. ADJUST controls reverb decay. Dyna-Hall ADJUST: Decay 0–130 A tamer version of Too Deep! No envelope chorusing.
  • Page 141 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Gain Effects Spin & Duck ADJUST: Spin Rate 0–127 (P2 2.5 – P2 4.0) cont'd. In this preset, panning is combined with 6-voice chorus delays and reverb to produce a rich spacious effect. ADJUST controls the panning rate. 0 = slow, 127 = fast. The delays are tempo controlled and ducked by input level.
  • Page 142 The Presets Gain Effects Pedal Swell ADJUST: FX Mix 0–100 This is a combination of four 400 ms delays, a slight amount of chorus, and just a hint of (P2 2.5 – P2 4.0) cont'd. reverb. The foot controller is controlling the left and right input levels which allows you to get majestic volume swells.

  • Page 143: Program Bank 3

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Resonant Chord Effects LvlSweeper ADJUST: Color 0–24 (P2 4.1 – P2 4.9) cont'd. This preset is driven by level. Any input that exceeds the input threshold will cause a little burst of resonators that quickly swirl through the stereo field. ADJUST controls the pitch range of the resonators.

  • Page 144: Reverb Effects (0.0-2.8)

    The Presets Gate Chamber ADJUST: Duration 0–64 Reverb Effects Bright, moderatly dense reverb envelope with an abrupt cutoff. ADJUST sets the length (P3 0.0 – P3 2.8) cont'd. of the gate. Vox Plate ADJUST: Decay 0–30 Bright, straight ahead preset for vocals with some added strengthening reflections. ADJUST controls the reverb decay for just the right sound.
  • Page 145 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Reverb Effects Plate4 Horns ADJUST: Impact 0–100 (P3 0.0 – P3 2.8) cont'd. Bright and percussive for those horn tracks needing that certain edge. Use ADJUST to modify the attack and release characteristics. Alley Slap...

  • Page 146: Processed Reverb Effects (2.9-3.9)

    The Presets Processed Reverb Effects Dyna Vibrato ADJUST: Glide 0–127 (P3 2.9 – P3 3.9) cont'd. Input level triggers a delayed vibrato. The vibrato is created by modulating two pairs of gliding delays. ADJUST controls the offset between the delay pairs. Use it to thicken up the effect.

  • Page 147: Program Bank 4

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon ADJToFreeze ADJUST: Freeze It 0–1 Remix Effects Click ADJUST to create an infinite stereo loop of the input source. Click it again to stop (P3 4.0 – P3 4.9) cont'd. the loop. A little reverb is added while the loop is on. The loop size is tempo controlled.

  • Page 148: Vocal Shift (0.0-0.9)

    The Presets ADTStereoIn ADJUST: LFO Rate 0–100 Vocal Shift The left input is pitch shifted up, the right input is shifted down. An LFO modulates the pitch (P4 0.0 – P4 0.9) cont'd. from 2-12 cents. Stereo In/Stereo Out. ADJUST controls the LFO rate from 0-25Hz. TripleTrack ADJUST: Separate...
  • Page 149 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Vocal Harmony MIDI Pitch ADJUST: Rvb Mix 0–100 Use this preset to harmonize source material via single notes played on a MIDI keyboard. (P4 1.0 – P4 1.9) cont'd. The amount of pitch shift is determined by the size of the interval played above or below middle C.

  • Page 150: Guitar Magic (2.0-2.9)

    The Presets OctDown Verb ADJUST: Oct Mix 0–100 Guitar Magic Great with muted single note licks and runs, this preset also works well with chords. The (P4 2.0 – P4 2.9) cont'd. reverb is fed by a unison vibrato and an additional vibrato shifted down one octave. ADJUST controls the mix of the unison and octave.

  • Page 151: Percussion & Tempo (4.0-4.9)

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Percussion & Tempo SnareTools 1 ADJUST: Crack 0–100 Natural snare reverb with ADJUST providing “crack” control. Detune is added to the (P4 4.0 – P4 4.9) original input before both are sent to the reverb. FX Mix controls the blend of dry vs.

  • Page 152: Sci-Fi Fx (0.0-0.9)

    The Presets XplodeDown ADJUST: Velocity 0–100 Sci-Fi FX Use this preset to add more drama to special effects (or even single drum hits). This preset (P5 0.0 – P5 0.9) cont'd. transforms the input source into an eerie downward glide with ADJUST controlling the rate of the glide.

  • Page 153: Pitch & Delay (1.0-1.9)

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Pitch & Delay FootPdlEkos ADJUST: Detune 0–100 (P5 1.0 – P5 1.9) cont'd. Designed to be used with a foot pedal. A detune chorus is routed through stereo delays and reverb. The pedal controls the input level to the delays and reverb. Use the pedal to capture specific phrases in the delays/reverb.

  • Page 154: Pads & Drones (3.0-3.7)

    The Presets JurassicSolo ADJUST: Decay 0–100 Pads & Drones A very long plate reverb is pitched down a minor third. Spooky. Good for single-note (P5 3.0 – P5 3.7) melody soundtracks. Stereo In/Stereo Out. SwrlWhlNt ADJUST: MasterDly 0–100 Swirling Whole Note — An LFO controls FX Width. FX Mix is 100% reverb. Delay time is 0ms.
  • Page 155 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Pitch Correct WIth the exception of Demo Correct (4.9), all of the presets are designed to accept a mono vocal track on either (or both) inputs. Note also that , in each preset , the reverb is (P5 4.0 –...

  • Page 156: Alphabetical Index Of Presets

    The Presets Alphabetical Index of Presets 24 String P4 3.0 Dly>EQ>Pans P1 3.2 Locker Room P3 0.9 QuadDTune P4 0.4 SweptNotches P2 0.6 2WayStreet P1 4.6 Dotted 8ths P1 0.4 LongestLoop P3 4.9 QuaDTuneDly1 P5 1.8 SwrlWholNt P5 3.1 2WayTunnel P1 4.8 DoubleEffect P5 4.7...
  • Page 157 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon 4-30...

  • Page 158: Midi Operation

    MIDI Operation MIDI Operation Selecting a All PCM 81 parameters, programs and registers can be accessed by MIDI. All MIDI applications require the PCM 81 to be connected with one or more MIDI MIDI Channel devices with standard MIDI cables via the rear panel MIDI jacks. MIDI controls, such as Transmit and Receive Channel selection are available in Control mode Row 3 MIDI.

  • Page 159: Controlling Pcm 81 Tempo Rate With Midi Clock

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Controlling PCM 81 Tempo Rate with MIDI Clock MIDI Tempo Control MIDI Out (MIDI Clock) MIDI In PCM 81 Tempo 0.2 Source set to MIDI Using the PCM 81 as a MIDI Clock Source MIDI In...
  • Page 160 MIDI Operation The configuration below shows the MIDI connections for controlling the PCM 81 simultaneously with MIDI Clocks from a sequencer, and messages from another MIDI controller. Note that the controller is set to "local control off" and the sequencer is set to "echo input". MIDI In MIDI Thru MIDI Out...

  • Page 161: Controller Quirks

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Some synthesizers and controllers cannot send the full range of MIDI program Controller quirks change messages (1-128). Others may appear to be able to send only 32, but actually have a bank mode that does let you send all 128 program change messages.

  • Page 162: Controlling The Soft Knob With Midi • Controlling The Soft Knob

    MIDI Operation Each PCM 81 preset has a unique soft knob patch that allows you to control the Controlling the Soft Knob effect directly from Program or Register Banks mode with the ADJUST knob. with MIDI You can also control the soft knob patch remotely from MIDI, or from the Foot Pedal.

  • Page 163: Program Change Messages

    PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Program Change Reception of MIDI Program Change and Bank Select messages can be selectively enabled/disabled from Control Mode parameter 3.0, MIDI Pgm Messages Change. The manner in which the PCM 81 interprets these messages is...

  • Page 164: Automation

    MIDI Operation SysEx Automation Automation The PCM 81 will transmit SysEx automation messages when Control Mode parameter 3.4, MIDI Automation is set to On. All changes made by front panel operations are transmitted as PCM 80 SysEx messages. This is intended primarily for use by editor programs and in configurations where it is desirable for one or more PCM 81s to be slaved to a single PCM 81 acting as a master.

  • Page 165: Bulk Data Dumps

    Tempo. MIDI Implementation Details, including System Exclusive documentation, are available to assist experienced programmers in developing software for use with the PCM 81. These can be obtained directly from Lexicon. Request: PCM 81 MIDI Implementation Details. Bulk Data Dumps Control mode 3.8 (MIDI Dump) allows selection of the following types of bulk...

  • Page 166: Midi Implementation Chart

    MIDI Operation MIDI Implementation Chart Lexicon PCM 81 Digital Effects System Function Transmitted Recognized Remarks Basic Default Channel Changed 1-16 1-16 Mode Default Mode 1, 3 Messages Altered Note 0-127 Last Note, Low Note, Number High Note used as controllers...
  • Page 167 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon 5-10...

  • Page 168: Troubleshooting

    Troubleshooting Troubleshooting This chapter is intended primarily to help you recognize some common error states which can be corrected from the PCM 81 front panel, or by simple means such as cable replacement. Any error states which are not covered here should be referred to your local dealer for service by a qualified technician.

  • Page 169: Operational Problems

    The PCM 81 performs a series of self tests each time it is powered on, then displays the PCM 81 copyright notice. This should be followed by the display and loading of the last loaded effect. If this sequence does not occur, contact Lexicon Customer Service.

  • Page 170: Restoring Factory Default Settings

    Troubleshooting You can restore the PCM 81 to its default state without erasing registers by Restoring Factory restoring the factory default setup: Default Settings Press Control. Use the Up and Down buttons to locate Row 4 Setup. Turn SELECT to 4.1 Load. Turn ADJUST counterclockwise to select "Factory Settings".
  • Page 171 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Reinitialization Reinitializing will erase all registers and setups The following procedure will return the PCM 81 to the state it was in when shipped from the factory. This includes erasing all registers and setups, as well as restoring all of the default settings: Press Control.

  • Page 172: Specifications

    Specifications PCM 81 Specifications Audio Input Connectors: Combined 3 pole XLR and 1/4 inch T/R/S phone jacks (2) Impedance: 0 dB/BAL switch position: 100k , balanced -20 dB/UNBAL switch position: 50k , unbalanced Levels: 0 dB/BAL switch position: -2 dBu min for full scale, +20 dBu max -20 dB/UNBAL switch position: -22 dBu min for full scale, 0 dBu max CMRR: 0 dB/BAL switch position: 50 dB minimum, 10 Hz to 20 kHz...
  • Page 173 PCM 81 User Guide Lexicon Digital Audio Interface Connectors: Coaxial, RCA type (2); balanced, XLR (2) Format: S/PDIF (IEC-958) and AES/EBU (AES3-1992) professional interface Sample Rates: 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz Internal Audio Data Paths Conversion: 20 bits DSP: 20 to 24 bits...
  • Page 174 Lexicon Inc. 3 Oak Park Bedford MA 01730-1441 Telephone 781-280-0300 Fax 781-280-0490 Lexicon Part # 070-12614 Rev 1...

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