Roland C-190 - Portable Classical Organ Manual

Introduction

The C-190 is a new organ with simulated two-manual functionality designed for religious congregations and all other occasions that call for high-quality organ or orchestral music in a portable instrument.

Simultaneous use of organ and orchestral sounds
The C-190 comes with the finest organ sounds Roland has to offer. On top of that, it also features excellent instrument sounds that can be used alongside the organ section.
You can "split" the 76-note keyboard into two sections ("divisions") and play the C-190 like a two-manual organ.

Bass and Manual parts
Though a single-keyboard instrument, the C-190 allows you to play monophonic bass organ parts and polyphonic instrument sounds. The PEDAL part usually plays a monophonic bass line that doubles the lowest note you play on the keyboard. You can, however, connect an optional MIDI pedal unit to the C-190 and play the PEDAL section polyphonically using your feet.

Record your own performances
The C-190 makes it easy to record your own performances.
Before using this instrument, carefully read the section on the next page. It provides important information concerning the proper operation of the C-190.
To get the most out of the C-190 and to ensure many years of trouble-free service, we urge you to read through this Owner's Manual thoroughly.
To avoid confusion, let's agree to use the word "button" for all keys on the front panel, and only use "key" when referring to the C-190's keyboard.

Panel descriptions

Front panel

1. VOLUME slider
   This slider allows you to increase or decrease the volume of all sections (PEDAL, MANUAL I and MANUAL II).
2. PEDAL slider
   This slider controls the volume of the PEDAL part.
3. POWER SWITCH button
   Press this button once to switch the C-190 on. Press it again to switch the C-190 off.
4. PEDAL tilt tabs
   These tabs allow you to switch on/off the corresponding organ bass sound (SUB BASS, OCTAVE BASS or BOMBARDE) or orchestral bass tone (ACC BASS, STRINGED or CELLO).
5. MANUAL I slider
   This slider controls the volume of the MANUAL I section.
6. MANUAL I tilt tabs
   When the ORCHESTRA button does not light, these tabs allow you to switch the corresponding organ registers on and off. You can activate all registers if you like. When the ORCHESTRA button lights, you can press one of these to select the orchestral sound whose name is printed below the tabs.
7. II/I tab ("Coupler")
   The C-190 provides two divisions: "MANUAL I" and "MANUAL II". This tab allows you to specify whether those two divisions are to be played simultaneously (by the same keys) or via separate key ranges.
8. TRANSPOSE button
   Use this button to transpose the keyboard. This allows you to go on playing in your favorite key, while the notes you play are sounded in another key.
9. TUNE button
   At first, the C-190 is tuned like any electronic musical instrument, with the A4= 440Hz. As long as you do not change that setting, this button doesn't light. You can change the tuning frequency, however, and save your setting to the global area.
10. UP/DOWN buttons
    These buttons allow you to change settings (like the tuning value or the reverb setting, for example). They are usually assigned to the reverb effect.
11. ORCHESTRA button
    Press this button if you want to select the C-190's orchestral sounds. One of those sounds can be added to the organ registration in effect.
12. SPLIT/SET button
    This button has two functions: it allows you to shift the split point between MANUAL I and MANUAL II to a different note (when the tab is off) and to save your settings to one of the eight memories (2 banks x 4 locations).
13. MEMORY buttons (M 1/2, 1~4, 0)
    Your C-190 comes with four memories and two banks (for a total of eight memories) that can be accessed via the and buttons. Press the button to cancel the settings of the currently selected memory and mute all registers and orchestral sounds.
14. MANUAL II tilt tabs
    These tabs allow you to add a second voice to the notes you are playing using the MANUAL I division (if the indicator lights) or to play a separate sound in the right half, which then behaves like a second manual.
    Note: The volume of the MANUAL II division can only be set with an optional expression pedal. But since it is the only section that doesn't have a separate volume control, you can balance its level by changing the volume of the other divisions.
15. REC button
    Your C-190 also contains a digital recording function. Press this button to select the record standby mode.
    (Then press to start recording.) There are four song memories.
16. PLAY button
    The function of this button depends on the REC indicator: if it flashes, pressing starts the recording of a new song. If the REC indicator is off, allows you to listen to a previously recorded song.
    By pressing it simultaneously with the button, you activate the C-190's demo mode.
17. REVERB button
    Press this button to switch the digital reverb effect on (indicator lights) or off.
18. WINDCHEST PANNING button
    Press this button to access a function that allows you to set the distribution of the organ notes in the stereo image. There are four possible settings (see the indicators and icons above this button), and each organ voice can be assigned the preferred stereo distribution.

Rear panel

1. OUTPUT R, L/MONO sockets
   The C-190 boasts an excellent internal stereo amplifier and speaker system and so doesn't require an external amplification. There may be times, however, when you need to use the public address system of the hall or church where you are performing – or you may want to record the C-190's sound without background noises. In those cases, use these sockets.
2. EXP/SUST socket
   This is where you can connect an optional DP-2, DP-6, or BOSS FS-5U footswitch that allows you to hold the notes you are playing on the keyboard. The sustain function is only available for the orchestral sounds.
   Alternatively, you can connect an optional Roland EV-5 or FV-300L pedal to this socket that can be used for setting the MANUAL II division's volume.
3. MIDI sockets (PEDAL IN, IN, OUT)
   Use these connectors for transmitting (OUT) and receiving (IN) MIDI messages to/from other instruments.
   The PEDAL IN socket allows you to connect an optional Roland MIDI pedal unit (PK-5A, PK-25 or PK-7) so as to play the bass section (called "PEDAL") with your feet. If you connect a pedal unit here, the PEDAL section becomes polyphonic.
4. Cord hook
   After connecting the adapter cable, wind it around the cord hook to the right of the socket to prevent accidental power disruptions.
5. DC IN connector
   This where you need to connect the supplied PSB-4U adapter. If it is damaged or out of order, be sure to replace it with the same PSB-4U model. Do not use other adapters as these may damage your C-190 beyond repair.
6. POWER SWITCH button
   Press this button once to switch the C-190 on. Press it again to switch the C-190 off.

Headphone sockets

The C-190 features two headphone sockets, allowing two people to listen through headphones simultaneously, which is useful for lessons. Using headphones allows you to play without bothering others around you, even at night. By connecting a jack to one of these sockets, you switch off the C-190's speakers.
For optimum sound quality, be sure to use optional Roland RH-25, RH-50 or RH-200 headphones.

Getting started

Connecting the adapter

Note: To prevent malfunction and/or damage to the speakers or other devices, always turn down the volume and switch off all devices before making any connections.

1. Connect the supplied PSB-4U adapter to the DC IN socket on the rear panel of the C-190.
   
2. Connect the other end to an AC outlet.

Turning the power on and off

Your C-190 is fitted with an amplifier and speakers so that you do not need additional devices.

1. Turn the volume all the way down.
   
2. Press the button on the rear panel to turn on the power.
   Press at least one tilt tab, because all sounds will be off immediately after switching on the C-190. Adjust the volume to your liking.
   Note: Your C-190 is equipped with a protection circuit. A brief interval after power up is required before it will operate normally.

Turning off the power

1. Set the slider to the minimum position.
2. Press the button to turn off the power.

Adjusting the volume

The C-190 has three sliders. The slider is used to change the global volume. The slider allows you to set the level of the bass sounds.

Using the and sliders should allow you to create the right balance – even when using the MANUAL II section.
By purchasing an optional EV-5, EV-7 or BOSS FV-300L expression pedal, which you connect to the EXP/SUST socket, you can also set the MANUAL II division's volume (and/or use the pedal for swelling effects).

Connecting headphones

(Sold separately)

The C-190 features two headphone jacks. This allows two people to listen through headphones simultaneously, making it very useful for lessons. Using headphones allows you to play without bothering others around you, even at night.

1. Turn the volume all the way down.
2. Plug a pair of headphones (Roland RH-25, RH-50, RH-200) into a PHONES socket to the left of the C-190's keyboard.
3. Adjust the volume.
   By connecting headphones to the C-190, you switch off its speakers, which is ideal for playing or practising without disturbing others.
   Note: Be sure to use stereo headphones.

Precautions to take when using headphones
To avoid damaging or severing the headphone cord, be sure to handle the headphones by holding the phones themselves, and grasping the plug rather than the cord when pulling the headphone plug.

• Connecting the headphones when the volume of connected equipment is turned up may result in damage to the headphones. Be sure to turn down the volume before connecting headphones.
• Listening at excessively high volume levels will not only damage the headphones, but may also cause hearing loss. Listen at appropriate levels.

Listening to the demo songs

The C-190 features 28 internal demo songs you may want to listen to before starting to play yourself.

1. Simultaneously press the and buttons.
   
2. Press the button to start playback of all demo songs.
3. Press it again to stop playback.
4. Simultaneously press the and buttons to leave the Demo mode.

Selecting a demo song
The C-190's demo songs reside in four banks that can be selected using the ~ buttons.

WEDDING
Principal 8'	Wedding March from "Lohengrin"	R.Wagner
Spitzflöte 4'	Ave Maria	F.Schubert
Octave 2'	"Air on G String" from Suite III in D major	J.S.Bach
Mixture IV	Trio Super "Herr Jesu Christ, dich Zu J.S.Bach uns wend" BWV 655c	J.S.Bach
Trompete 8'	Wedding March from "A midsummer night's dream"	F. Mendelssohn
Bourdon 8'	Largo from "Serse"	G.F.Handel
Gemshorn 8'	Ave Maria	C.Gounoud
ORCHESTRA
Principal 8'	Requiem Introitus	W.A.Mozart
Spitzflöte 4'	Hornpipe from "Water Music"	G.F.Handel
Octave 2'	"Jesu, Joy of Man's desiring" from Cantata BWV 147	J.S.Bach
Mixture IV	Adagio from Concerto in D minor by A. Vivaldi BWV 596	J.S.Bach
Trompete 8'	Toccata	P.D.Paradisi
Bourdon 8'	Adagio from Concerto for oboe and orchestra	A.Marcello
Gemshorn 8'	Allegro Finale	G.F.Handel
VARIETY
Principal 8'	Allegro from Concerto in F major by A. Vivaldi BWV 978	J.S.Bach
Spitzflöte 4'	Balletto del Granduca	J.P.Sweelinck
Octave 2'	Passacaglia BWV 582	J.S.Bach
Mixture IV	Trumpet Tune	H.Purcell
Trompete 8'	Psalm 19?	B. Marcello
Bourdon 8'	Preghiera	L.v. Beethoven
Gemshorn 8'	Allegro	F.J.Haydn
BACH
Principal 8'	Toccata in D minor "Dorica" BWV 538a	J.S.Bach
Spitzflöte 4'	Preludio in A minor BWV 559a	J.S.Bach
Octave 2'	Fuga in A minor BWV 559b	J.S.Bach
Mixture IV	Chorale "Herr Gott, nun schleuss den Himmel auf" BWV 617	J.S.Bach
Trompete 8'	Chorale "Es ist das Heil uns kommen her" BWV 638	J.S.Bach
Bourdon 8'	Chorale "Ich ruf' zu dir, Herr Jesu Christ" BWV 639	J.S.Bach
Gemshorn 8'	Chorale "Jesus Christus, unser Heiland" BWV626	J.S.Bach

1. In the table above, select the song you want to listen to.
2. Simultaneously press the and buttons. The four MEMORY buttons flash.
3. Press the MEMORY button ( ~ ) assigned to the bank that contains the desired demo song.
   Here's an example: to listen to "Requiem Introitus" by Mozart, press the button.
   
4. Press the flashing tilt tab that is assigned to the desired demo song to start playback of that song. For the "Requiem Introitus", press
   
5. Press (or switch off the tilt tab you pressed above) to stop demo song playback.
6. Simultaneously press the and buttons to leave the Demo mode.
   Note: In Demo mode, the keyboard cannot be played. The data of the demo songs are not transmitted to the MIDI OUTput.

Playing organ music

The C-190 features two sections that can be used simultaneously: an organ section and an orchestral section. Let us begin with the organ section.

Registering the MANUAL I division

When the ORCHESTRA button doesn't light, the white tilt tabs serve the same purpose as the stops on a church organ: they allow you to decide which ranks should be audible. Be sure to press at least one tilt tab. Otherwise, you won't hear anything.

1. Switch off the ORCHESTRA button if it lights.
2. Press the bottom part of a MANUAL I tilt tab to activate the assigned register.
   If the indicator of a tab lights, the corresponding register is audible. You can activate as many registers as you like.
   
3. If necessary, change the volume of the MANUAL I division using its slider (to the left of the tilt tabs).
4. Press the upper part of a tilt tab whose indicator lights to switch that stop back off again.
   Note: The SUSTAIN function is not available for organ stops. An optional footswitch connected to the EXP/SUS socket thus doesn't allow you to hold the notes you are playing.

Adding the MANUAL II division

The C-190 provides a MANUAL II division that can be added to the MANUAL I division. (You can also play via separate keys, see below.)
When active, the MANUAL II division performs the function of the Swell manual on a church organ, while the MANUAL I section replaces the Great section.
Let us first look at how to couple those two sections, which means that they are played together.

1. Switch off the ORCHESTRA button if it lights.
2. Press the tilt tab (the "coupler") in the MANUAL I section.
   Its indicator lights to signal that you can now add a second division to the MANUAL I registration. This simulates the coupling of two manuals on a church organ.
   
3. Press the bottom part of a MANUAL II tilt tab to activate the assigned register.
   If the indicator of a tab lights, the corresponding register is audible. You can activate as many registers as you like.
   It is also possible to switch off all MANUAL I registers (except ) and only use one or several MANUAL II registers to simulate a church organ's Swell manual.
   
4. Press the upper part of a tilt tab whose indicator lights to switch that stop back off again.
   Note: The SUSTAIN function is not available for organ stops. An optional footswitch connected to the EXP/SUS socket thus doesn't allow you to hold the notes you are playing.
   Note: The register cannot be used by itself. It must be combined with at least one other MANUAL II register.
   It has no effect on the PEDAL or MANUAL I sounds.

Playing the MANUAL I and II divisions via separate keys

As stated above, you can also assign the MANUAL I section to the left half of the 76-note keyboard, and play the MANUAL II section in the right half:

1. Switch off the ORCHESTRA button if it lights.
2. Press the tilt tab (the "coupler") in the MANUAL I section to switch it off.
   
3. Press the bottom part of a MANUAL I tilt tab to activate the assigned register.
   If the indicator of a tab lights, the corresponding register is audible. You can activate as many registers as you like.
4. Press the bottom part of a MANUAL II tilt tab to activate the assigned register.
   You can activate as many registers as you like.
5. Start playing.
   The left half of the keyboard is now assigned to the MANUAL I division, and the right half to the MANUAL II division.

Changing the split point
At first, the split point (the note where the MANUAL I section ends and the MANUAL II division begins) is set to the C indicated by an arrow ( ). Here's how to select another note in case you don't agree with the factory setting:

1. Press and hold the button.
   
2. Keep holding that button while pressing the key where you want to split the keyboard. The setting range is indicated by the arrows in the illustration above.
   The key you press becomes the lowest note of the MANUAL II section.

Tremulant

A "tremulant" creates a change in pitch (vibrato), amplitude (volume) and timbre (tone quality). The use of the tremulant adds warmth and expressiveness to solo or small ensemble combinations. It is not common to use tremulants in larger classical ensembles. In some romantic ensembles, tremulants are used judiciously. In some gospel and evangelical musical traditions, tremulants with a wider and deeper excursion are frequently used.
The C-190 provides a tremulant function for the MANUAL II section:

It only affects the stops of that division (and requires that you switch on at least one tilt tab).
The TREMULANT status can be saved to one of the memories.

Using the PEDAL division

The C-190 features a PEDAL division that can either be played via the keyboard, or with an optional PK-5A, PK-7, or PK-25 dynamic MIDI pedal unit.
If you only use the keyboard, the PEDAL division is monophonic and doubles the lowest note you play using the MANUAL I and/or II stops.

1. Switch off the ORCHESTRA button if it lights.
2. Use the PEDAL tabs to add one, two or three bass notes to your playing.
   

At least one of the PEDAL tilt tabs must be on.
The bass notes are only added to the notes played in the E1~B3 range:

The bass note corresponds to the lowest note you play.

Note: If you connect a MIDI cable to the PEDAL IN socket on the C-190's rear panel, the PEDAL part can no longer be played via the keyboard. Be sure to connect the other end of that cable to a pedal unit – or else remove it from the socket.

Playing only bass notes with your left hand

If you prefer to play bass notes without the addition of a MANUAL I register, you need to split the keyboard and switch off all MANUAL I tilt tabs. Here's how to do that:

1. Press the tilt tab (the "coupler") in the MANUAL I section to switch it off.
   
2. Press the upper part of any MANUAL I tilt tab whose indicator lights.
   This switches off the MANUAL I division.
3. Press the bottom part of a MANUAL II tilt tab to activate the assigned register.
   You can activate as many registers as you like.
4. Use the PEDAL tabs to select the desired registration for the bass notes.
   

The PEDAL notes now sound in isolation up to the split point for the PEDAL division (which is fixed).

Playing the bass notes with an optional pedal unit

The C-190's PEDAL registers can also be triggered via MIDI. The most convenient way to do that is by using an optional PK-5A, PK-7 or PK-25 dynamic pedal unit.
With the following procedure you can set the C-190 so that the bass notes (of the PEDAL division) are no longer triggered by the keyboard:

1. Switch off the C-190 and the PK.
2. Connect the PK's MIDI OUT port to the C-190's PEDAL IN socket.
3. Switch on the PK.
4. Switch on the C-190.
5. Start playing on the keyboard and on the PK.
   Note: When the PEDAL section is triggered in this way, it is polyphonic (and can therefore sound several notes simultaneously).

Selecting other organ timbres

Some of the speaking stops on the C-190 have alternate voices that can be selected and used in performance via the "Voice Palette" feature. Voice Palette gives you a tremendous amount of added flexibility. For example, you can choose a Spitzflöte 4' rank instead of the Rohrflöte 4' rank assigned to the MANUAL I tilt tab of the same name.

Voice Palette was so named because it greatly increases the number of tonal colors at your disposal; there are many more ranks available to you than the number of actual tilt tabs on the instrument.

Making a Voice Palette selection

1. Press and hold the lower part of a tilt tab and watch the MEMORY buttons ( ~ ).
   One of those buttons lights steadily to indicate the rank that is currently assigned to the tilt tab.
   Flashing MEMORY buttons indicate locations that contain other ranks you can use instead of the one you get by simply activating the tilt tab.
2. Release the tilt tab.
   Some MEMORY buttons continue to flash, while one of them lights.
   Note: If you pressed and held a tilt tab by accident and now see flashing MEMORY buttons, press any other button or tilt tab to leave the Voice Palette selection mode.
3. Press the MEMORY button of the rank you want to use.
   Note: You can also select a Voice Palette rank by holding down the desired tilt tab while pressing a MEMORY ~ button.

Here are the alternatives for the various tilt tabs:

PEDAL
Subbass 16'	Principal Bass 16' Violon Bass 16'
OctaveBass 8'	Gedackt 8'
Bombarde 16'	Trumpet 8' Choral Bass 4' Clarine 4'
MANUAL I
Principal 8'	Diapason 8' Bourdon 8'
Spitzflöte 4'	Rohrflöte 4' Principal 4'
Octave 2'	Waldflöte 2'
Mixture IV 1-1/3'	Sesquialtera II 1-1/3' Sifflet 1'
Trompete 8'	Trompette 8' Regal 8' Trompete 4'
MANUAL II
Bourdon 8'	Flute 8' Geigen Principal 8'
Gemshorn 8'	Viole Celeste II 8' Salicional 8' Gambe 16'
Prestant 4'	Koppelflöte 4' Fugara 4'
Quinte 2-2/3'	Doublette 2' Tierce 1-1/3' Scharff III 1'
Vox Humana 8'	Fagott 16' Krummhorn 8' Hautbois 8' Clarion 4'

Note: Using a stop containing a Voice Palette alternative will play either the default voice OR the Voice Palette alternative voice. For example, the Vox Humana 8' stop can be set to play either the Krummhorn 8' OR the Clarion 4' voice, but not both voices simultaneously.
Note: See also "Assigning other sounds to the tilt tabs".
Note: The new assignments can be saved to a memory and/or the global area.

Using the orchestral sounds

The C-190 contains orchestral sounds that can be used in isolation or together with the organ sounds. The orchestral sounds are velocity sensitive (their volume and timbre depend on the force with which you press the keys).

Selecting sounds

There are three sections: the MANUAL I and II sections that can span the entire keyboard, and the PEDAL section that allows you to play a bass part.
Let us first look at how to select a MANUAL I or II sound:

1. Press the button so that it lights.
   There are three ORCHESTRA tone banks: 3 for the PEDAL section, 5 for the MANUAL I section and 5 + chimes for the MANUAL II section.
   
2. Press a tilt tab to select the sound whose name is printed below it (indicator lights)
   

Example: to select the "N.GUITAR" sound for the MANUAL I section, press the tab.
To add a harpsichord sound to it (using the MANUAL II section), press the tab.

You can layer the MANUAL I and II sounds (play them together) or play them via separate keys (when the tilt tab is off). The PEDAL part follows the same rules as in organ mode.

Note: Each division can only play one orchestral sound at any one time.

3. Press the button again (it goes dark) to leave the orchestral selection mode.
   Remember that is perfectly possible to add orchestral sounds to organ divisions.

Using a sustain pedal

Connect an optional DP-2, DP-6, or BOSS FS-5U footswitch to the C-190's EXP/SUST socket to be able to hold the notes of the PEDAL, MANUAL I and II sections in the same way as on an acoustic piano.

Orchestra Melody function

In addition to using the MANUAL II division's orchestral sound together with the MANUAL I sound (or in a separate keyboard zone), you can use the MANUAL II sound as "melody voice".
That voice (any orchestral sound you choose in the MANUAL II section) is monophonic and therefore cannot play chords. It always sounds the highest (rightmost) note you play on the keyboard. Here's how to select that function:

1. Press the button so that it lights.
   
2. Press and hold the tilt tab of the MANUAL II orchestral voice you want to use until the indicator below it starts flashing.
3. Start playing and notice how the highest notes are doubled by the MANUAL II orchestral sound you selected.
4. Press the tilt tab above the flashing indicator again to switch off this melody function.

Using a chime sound

The C-190 provides a chime sound that may come in handy for a variety of occasions (Christmas masses, for example).
That sound is assigned to the MANUAL II tilt tab.

Additional functions

Note: See "Saving your settings as registrations" section for how to save your settings to a registration memory.

Adding reverb

The C-190 allows you to add reverberation to what you play on the keyboard. The reverb effect provides a pleasant reverberation that gives the impression that you are performing in a concert hall, a church, etc.

1. Press the button (it lights).
   If you like the reverb effect but think it is too prominent or too faint, here's how to change the reverb depth:
   
2. Press the button to decrease the reverb level, or the button to increase it.
   Note: Press and simultaneously to recall the C-190's original reverb depth.
   
3. To switch off the reverb effect, press the button once again. Its indicator goes dark.

Selecting another reverb type

4. Switch on the reverb effect (see above).
5. Press and hold the button until its indicator starts flashing.
6. Press the or button to select a different reverb type.
   The available types are: Plate, Small Ambient, Room, Gothic Church, Church, Cathedral

Selecting different tunings

Tuning the device

There may be times when you accompany acoustic instruments that are difficult or impossible to tune. In that case, use the C-190's TUNE function to adapt its tuning to that of the acoustic instrument:

1. Hold down the button while pressing the button to lower the tuning.
   You can lower the C-190's overall tuning to as much as 432.8Hz. This frequency refers to the tuning of the A4.
   
2. Hold down the button while pressing the button to raise the tuning.
   You can increase the C-190's overall tuning to as much as 445.2Hz.
   
3. Hold down the button while pressing the and button to return to the C-190's default tuning (A4= 440Hz).
   The button only lights when the C-190's tuning differs from 440.0Hz.
   Note: This setting can be saved to the global area.

Using different temperaments

Like all digital instruments, the C-190 relies on the standard tuning system for western music, where the distance (interval) between any two semitones of an octave is the same. This is called "equal temperament".
Not so long ago, however, other tunings were used for classical western music. These tunings are characterized by varying intervals between the semitones of an octave. The C-190 allows you to select from among five different tuning methods ("temperaments"):

1. Hold down while pressing one of the following buttons:
   

Button combination	Temperament
+	Mean Tone
+	Pythagorean
+	Kirnberger
+	Werckmeister III
+	Equal (default)

See step (2) to specify the key of the selected temperament.
Mean Tone: A partial compromise of the Just Major tuning (purer tuning than "Equal"), created to make transposition possible. As the intervals between two neighboring semitones depends on their pitch, this temperament may sound out of tune to untrained ears.
Pythagorean: Developed in ancient Greece as a method of tuning that resolved the ambiguity of fourths and fifths. As a result, melodies sound cleaner, while triads may appear to be flat.
Kirnberger: This temperament is relatively tolerant towards transposition, and can be used to play in all keys.
Werckmeister III: A combination of the Mean Tone and Pythagorean tunings. This tuning can be used in all keys.
Equal: With this tuning, the octave is divided into twelve equal intervals. Regardless of the interval, very little ambiguity is produced.
For the Mean Tone and Pythagorean temperaments, you also need to specify the key in which you want to play:

2. Hold down the button while pressing the key on the keyboard that corresponds to the tonic of the desired key.
   When performing in ensemble with other instruments, be aware that, depending on the key, there may be some shifting of the pitch. The other instruments should therefore also use the selected temperament.
   Note: When you play back a recorded song, it always uses the last temperament you selected here.

Transposing

Same fingering, different notes
You can have the C-190 sound in a different key while still playing the same notes on the keyboard. That way, even songs originally written in a difficult key with many #/sharps or /flats (i.e. many black keys), can be played in a more convenient way. This is especially useful when you are used to playing a given piece in one key, while someone else prefers another key: just change the TRANSPOSE setting and you're there.
Note: The transposition remains in effect until you change it or switch off the C-190. This setting cannot be saved.

• While holding down the button, press the tonic (root) of the key to which you want to transpose.
  
  –OR–
• Hold down the button while selecting the desired interval with the or button. This is a littler trickier, because there is no visual feedback. You therefore have to count the number of presses. Each press corresponds to a semi-tone.
• To return to normal pitch, hold down the button while pressing a C key (or + ). The button goes dark.

• Example: playing in C but sounding in E
  If you want the E pitch to sound whenever you press a C key, hold down the button and press an E key.
  Note: The transposition only applies to the notes you play on the C-190's keyboard or a PK-series pedal board. It does not apply to note messages received via the MIDI IN connector, or the notes played by the Recorder.

Recording your performance

You can record what you play on your C-190 and then play it back whenever you like. There are four song memories that can be selected using the ~ buttons.

The Recorder not only memorizes the notes you play, but also the sounds you use.

Recording

1. Hold down the button (it starts flashing) while pressing a ~ button to select the song memory.
   Be sure to select a memory whose button doesn't light while you are holding down the button. Otherwise, you erase the recording contained in that memory.
   
2. Release the button (it keeps flashing).
3. Press the button to start recording.
   
4. Start playing.
5. Press again (or ) to stop recording.
   Note: The C-190 now processes your recording, which may take 2~3 seconds. While the data are being stored, the keyboard doesn't respond to your playing.

Playing back a recorded song

To listen to your new (or a previously recorded) song, proceed as follows:

1. Press and hold the button while pressing a ~ button to select a song memory.
   Be sure to select a memory whose button lights, which indicates that the memory in question contains data.
   
2. Press again to stop playback.
   Note: The recorded song data are not transmitted to the C-190's MIDI OUT port.

Using the audio outputs

The C-190 comes with two audio outputs that may come in handy for two things:

• When you need to perform in a large venue and fear that the C-190's on-board amplification system is not powerful enough, or when you are asked to connect the C-190 directly to the PA system;
• To record your playing (either with or without Recorder backing) to cassette, MD, etc.
  To do so, connect the C-190 as follows:
  

If the external device is mono, use only the OUTPUT L/ MONO socket.

Note: Connecting jacks to the outputs does not switch off the internal amplification system.

Using the device memories

The C-190's settings can be saved in one of two ways: to a global area or to a memory that needs to be selected. The settings of the global area are loaded automatically when the C-190 is switched on.

Saving your settings as registrations

The C-190 comes with 2 x 4 memories where you can save the panel settings ("registrations") for convenient recall at a later stage.
Here's what is saved in these memories:
Selected organ registration
Orchestral sound selection
Split point
Coupler II/I status
Voice Palette assignments of the tilt tabs
Tremulant status (on or off)
Melody Orchestra setting

When the C-190 is shipped, these eight memories already contain useful settings, but feel free to overwrite their contents with your own registrations.

1. Press to select the memory bank:
   off: Bank "1" is selected.
   lights: Bank "2" is selected.
2. Hold down the button while pressing the ~ button that corresponds to the memory where you wish to save your settings.
   

Note: The settings previously saved in this memory will be overwritten by your new registration.

Loading the settings of a memory

To recall the settings of a memory, proceed as follows:

1. If necessary, press the button to select the bank that contains the settings you need.
   off: Bank "1" is selected.
   lights: Bank "2" is selected.
   
2. Press ~ button to load the registration of the corresponding memory.
   You can cancel all settings (switch off all tabs) by pressing the button.

Saving settings to the global area

The C-190 also provides a global area whose settings are loaded automatically when the C-190 is switched on.

Here's what is saved to the global area:
Split point
Reverb status and depth
TUNE setting
Windchest Panning
Voicing settings

1. Press and hold the button.
   
2. While holding down , press to save the eligible settings to the global area.
   The button briefly lights to confirm that your settings have been stored.

Specialist functions

This chapter discusses functions you may only need occasionally. They help you refine the C-190's behavior.

Windchest Panning

Use the WINDCHEST PANNING function to specify where the simulated organ pipes (the C-190 is a digital instrument with no pipes whatsoever) should be located in the stereo sound field.

The available settings represent common pipe arrangements for church organs.
The following can be set for each organ voice individually. The settings can be saved to the global area.

1. Press the button.
   The button flashes. All tilt tab indicators go dark.
   
2. Press the tilt tab of the organ voice whose panning you wish to change.
   This can be a tab of any section (PEDAL, MANUAL I or MANUAL II). Its indicator starts flashing.
   
3. Use the and buttons to select one of the four available settings.
   
   The drawings are probably self-explanatory:
   
4. Press the button again to return to normal operation.
   From now on, the rank you selected will use the changed stereo distribution. Do not forget to save the setting to the global area.

• Recalling the default Windchest Panning settings
  If you decide to return to the factory-set panning settings, hold down the button while switching the C-190 on (this initializes all of the C-190's settings).

Changing the volume and brilliance

The C-190 provides two functions that allow you to change the volume and brilliance (filtering) of any organ or orchestral sound. Such changes can be saved to the global area.

Changing the volume of just one sound at a time

If you think a given organ or orchestral sound is too loud (or too soft) with respect to the others, you can decrease (or increase) its volume without changing the volume of the remaining sounds. This is therefore a balance setting.

1. Press the button to switch it on or off.
   Switch it off if you need to change the volume of an organ sound. Switch it on to change the volume of an orchestral sound.
   
2. Hold down the button and press the lower part of the tilt tab that is assigned to the sound whose setting you want to change.
   This can be any tilt tab except . The indicator of the tab (or the assigned orchestral sound below it) starts flashing.
   
3. Press the or button to change the volume.
   Press them simultaneously to recall the factory volume setting.
4. Press to leave this setting mode.
   

Changing the timbre of a sound

If you think a given organ or orchestral sound is too bright (or too mellow), here is how to change its timbre:

1. Press the button to switch it on or off.
   Switch it off if you need to change the timbre of an organ sound. Switch it on to change the timbre of an orchestral sound.
2. Hold down the button and press the upper part of the tilt tab that is assigned to the sound whose setting you want to change.
   This can be any tilt tab except . The indicator of the tab (or the assigned orchestral sound below it) starts flashing.
   
3. Press the or button to change the timbre (filter setting).
   Press them simultaneously to recall the factory setting.
4. Press to leave this setting mode.
   

Assigning other sounds to the tilt tabs

As you know, the C-190 provides a varying number of hidden organ sounds for each tilt tab. If you don't feel like assigning the desired ranks to the tabs by hand, you can select one of the four stop configurations prepared at the factory.
Those stop configurations are: "Classic", "Romantic", "Baroque" and "Solo".

1. Hold down the button (the four MEMORY buttons start flashing).
2. Keep holding it while pressing the memory button of the desired configuration:
   = Classic, = Romantic, = Baroque, = Solo.
   Here is what those settings correspond to:

	STOP CONFIGURATION
	Classic	Romantic	Baroque	Solo
PEDAL	Subass 16'	Principalbass 16'	Principalbass 16'	Violonbass 16'
	Octavbass 8'	Octavbass 8'	Gedackt 8'	Gedackt 8'
	Bombarde 16'	Choral Bass 4'	Trumpet 8'	Clarine 4'
MANUAL I	Principal 8'	Diapason 8'	Principal 8'	Diapason 8'
	Spitzflöte 4'	Principal 4'	Principal 4'	Rohrflöte 4'
	Octave 2'	Octave 2'	Waldflöte 2'	Waldflöte 2'
	Mixture IV 1-1/3'	Mixture IV 1-1/3'	Mixture IV 1/3'	Sesquialtera II 1-1/3'
	Trompete 8'	Trompette 8'	Trompete 8'	Regal 8'
MANUAL II	Bourdon 8'	Flute 8'	Flute 8'	Bourdon 8'
	Gemshorn 8'	Viola Celeste 8'	Salicional 8'	Salicional 8'
	Prestant 4'	Koppelflöte 4'	Koppelflöte 4'	Fugara 4'
	Quinte 2'-2/3'	Quinte 2-2/3'	Quinte 2-2/3'	Tierce 1-1/3'
	Vox Humana 8'	Vox Humana 8'	Hautbois 8'	Hautbois 8'

Initializing your device

After working extensively with your C-190, you may want to recall the original factory settings.

"Initializing" means that all eight memories ( ~ in banks M1 and M2) are be replaced with the original settings. The song memories will be empty after initializing your C-190.
Here is how to initialize your C-190:

1. Switch off your C-190.
2. Hold down the button while turning your C-190 back on again.
   When the MEMORY indicators ( ~ ) go dark, your C-190 has been successfully initialized.
   

Connecting the unit to MIDI devices

Read this chapter if you wish to connect the C-190 to an external MIDI device.

After connecting the C-190 to a MIDI sequencer (Roland MT series or a computer with sequencer software) you can record your playing using that device. The recorder song data, however, are not transmitted via MIDI.
When the C-190 is connected to an MT-series module with built-in sequencer, the rich variety of sounds built into the MT can be played from the C-190's keyboard.

About MIDI

MIDI, short for "Musical Instrument Digital Interface," was developed as a standard for exchanging performance data between electronic instruments and computers.
The C-190 is equipped with two MIDI "real" connectors to allow such exchange of performance data with external equipment and devices. Connecting the C-190 to other devices via these jacks provides you with an even greater variety of ways to use your instrument.
(Be sure to only connect a PK-series pedal unit to the PEDAL IN socket.)

About the MIDI connectors
MIDI IN socket: Use a MIDI cable (sold separately) to connect this port to the MIDI OUT connector of the external MIDI device. MIDI messages sent from connected external equipment will be received here. As a result, the C-190 will produce sound, change tones, or perform other operations.
MIDI OUT socket: Use a MIDI cable (sold separately) to connect this port to the MIDI IN connector of the external MIDI device. Performance data detailing what has been played on the keyboard, and other data, such as those generated when the optional footswitch or expression pedal is used, is transmitted from here to external MIDI devices.

Making the connections

Note: To prevent malfunction and/or damage to speakers or other devices, always turn down the volume, and switch off the power on all devices before making any connections.

1. Turn the volume down completely on all devices.
2. Switch off the C-190 and any other device to be connected.
3. Use an optional MIDI cable to connect the external MIDI device to the appropriate MIDI connector on the C-190.
   See the connection examples below. You should also make the settings below as needed.
4. Turn on the power to all equipment.
5. Adjust the volume.

• Connecting to a sequencer (Roland MT series)
  
  Note: The MT-80s has no MIDI OUT connector.
• Connecting to a MIDI sound module
  

MIDI functions supported by the unit

The C-190 can transmit and receive various MIDI message types, some of which are straightforward, while others require some insight into the workings of the MIDI standard.

MIDI channels used by the unit
The C-190 uses the following MIDI channels for sending and receiving MIDI messages:

ORGAN sounds	Channel
MANUAL I part	12
MANUAL II part	13
PEDAL part	14
ORCHESTRA sounds	Channel
PEDAL part	3
MANUAL I part	4
MANUAL II part	5

These channels cannot be changed, so be sure to set the external device to the channel number of the desired C-190 part.

• Note messages
  The C-190 transmits and receives note messages that translate which keys you pressed on the keyboard.
• Program change, bank select messages
  In ORCHESTRA mode, pressing a tab to select the desired sound will cause the C-190 to send two bank numbers (Bank Select MSB & LSB) as well as a program change number. When receiving such a cluster, the C-190 selects the corresponding sound.
  The following numbers are recognized.

		CC00 (MSB)	CC32 (LSB)	PC
PEDAL	AC BASS	08	04	12
	STRINGED	08	04	13
	CELLO	08	04	05
MANUAL I	PIANO	08	04	01
	E. PIANO	08	04	02
	GUITAR	08	04	03
	STRINGS	08	04	09
	CHOIR	08	04	06
MANUAL II	HARPSI	08	04	11
	BRASS	08	04	10
	VIOLIN	08	04	04
	OBOE	08	04	14
	FLUTE	08	04	07
	CHIMES	08	04	08

• Control changes
  In ORCHESTRA mode, the C-190 transmits and receives CC64 messages that describe when an optional sustain footswitch (connected to the EXP/ SUS socket) is pressed and released. Furthermore, the C-190 sends and receives CC11 messages that describe the movements of an optional expression pedal.
  Other control changes that the C-190 transmits are
  CC91 to communicate the reverb depth setting.
  Note: See also the MIDI implementation chart at the end of this manual.
• SysEx messages
  The C-190 also transmits SysEx messages that have a rather complex structure and are thus only meaningful to seasoned MIDI enthusiasts. If you work with the internal recorder or an external sequencer, it may, however, be possible to record them without even knowing what they look like. See your sequencer's manual for details.
  If the external sequencer accepts SysEx messages, you can even record the settings of the PEDAL, MANUAL I and MANUAL II tabs, and transmit those data back to the C-190 for real-time automation.
  SysEx messages are sent and received when the tilt tabs are operated while the button is dark.

Troubleshooting

If you encounter problems with the C-190, please read the following before assuming that there is a malfunction.

• The C-190 cannot be switched on
  Is the adapter connected properly?
• No sound is produced
  Is the slider set to the minimum position?
  Are headphones connected? Disconnect them.
• Cannot hear the PEDAL sound
  Is the slider set to the minimum position?
  Does the indicator of one of the PEDAL tabs light?
  Did you connect a MIDI cable to the PEDAL IN socket? In that case, the PEDAL division needs to be played from a PK-series pedal unit.
• Cannot select orchestral sounds
  Does the button light? If not, press it.
• The organ sounds are not available
  Does the indicator light? Press it so that its indicator goes dark.
• Two sounds are produced when the keyboard is played
  Did you press a MANUAL II tilt tab (whose indicator now lights)? Switch it off.
• The pitch of the keyboard seems incorrect
  Is the setting correct?
  Is the transpose setting correct?
  Is the temperament setting correct?
• The C-190 does not respond to your playing
  Did you select the Demo mode? Leave that mode.
• While the ORCHESTRA indicator lights, some sounds are transposed one octave down when a PEDAL sound is selected
  This is normal and intended to provide a more natural distribution of the pitches for the left and right
  sections.
• The MANUAL I sound is not available to the left of the split point
  Did you switch on at least one MANUAL I tilt tab after switching off the tilt tab?
• Bass notes sound wrong/buzzing or vibration occurs
  If you don't hear the problem in the headphones:
  When playing at high volumes, resonance may occur in the instrument itself, or in objects near the C-190.
  At times, other objects in the room, such as fluorescent lights or glass doors, could start vibrating. To minimize such unwanted resonance, please observe the following:
  • Locate the instrument at least 10~15 cm away from the walls.
  • Reduce the volume.
  • Increase the distance from the object that is resonat-ing.
    If you can hear the problem in the headphones, there may be another reason. Please contact your dealer.
• When the C-190 is connected to an external device
  Are the connections between the C-190 and the MIDI sequencer or the other external device correct?

Specifications

C-190: Roland Portable Organ

• Keyboard
  76 keys (velocity sensitive for orchestral sounds)
  (Velocity messages are always transmitted to the MIDI OUT connector)
• Tone generation & sounds
  PCM sound generation, 128-voice polyphony
  Newly sampled waveforms + the best PCM samples from the Roland sound libraries
  • PEDAL division — Subbass 16', Principal Bass 16', Violon Bass 16', OctaveBass 8', Gedackt 8', Bombarde 16', Trumpet 8', Choral Bass 4', Clarine 4'
  • MANUAL I division — Principal 8', Diapason 8', Bourdon 8', Spitzflöte 4', Rohrflöte 4', Principal 4', Octave 2', Waldflöte 2', Mixture IV 1-1/3', Sesquialtera II 1-1/3', Sifflet 1', Trompete 8', Trompette 8', Regal 8', Trompete 4'
  • MANUAL II division — Bourdon 8', Flute 8', Geigen Principal 8', Gemshorn 8', Viole Celeste II 8', Salicional 8', Gambe 16', Prestant 4', Koppelflöte 4', Fugara 4', Quinte 2-2/3', Doublette 2', Tierce 1-1/3', Scharff III 1', Vox Humana 8', Fagott 16', Krummhorn 8', Hautbois 8', Clarion 4'
• Orchestral tones
  14 (3 for PEDAL, 5 for MANUAL I, 6 for MANUAL II)
• Digital effect
  Reverb with adjustable depth
• Demo songs
  28 complete songs, divided into 4 groups: Wedding, Orchestra, Bach and Variety
• Panel controls
  VOLUME slider, PEDAL slider, MANUAL I slider, 15 tilt tabs with orange indicators, TRANSPOSE button, TUNE button, UP/DOWN buttons, ORCHESTRA button, SET/SPLIT button, M1/2 (memory bank selection), MEMORY buttons for 2 x 4 registrations, REC button, PLAY button, REVERB button, WINDCHEST PANNING button
• Transposition
  –5~+6 semitones
• Recorder
  1 track, 4 song memories, records notes and settings
• Connections
  PEDAL IN, MIDI IN & OUT, OUTPUT Stereo (L/Mono - Right); EXP/SUST, 2 headphone connectors
• Amplification
  10W + 10W rms
  Speakers: ø10cm
• Power supply
  PSB-4U adapter
• Dimensions
  1156 (W) x 108 (H) x 347 (D) mm
• Weight
  11kg (C-190 only)
• Options
  Stand KS-C-190 (1145 x 670 x 390 mm/9kg),
  PK-5/PK-7/PK-25 dynamic MIDI pedal unit,
  DP-2, DP-6, or BOSS FS-5U footswitch,
  EV-5, EV-7 or BOSS FV-300L expression pedal,
  RH-25, RH-50, RH-200 headphones

Note: In the interest of product improvement, the specifications and/or appearance of this instrument are subject to change without prior notice.

USING THE UNIT SAFELY

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREVENTIONS OF FIRE, ELECTRIC SHOCK, OR INJURY TO PERSONS

About WARNING and CAUTION Notices
	Used for instructions intended to alert the user to the risk of death or severe injury should improperly.
	Used for instructions intended to alert the user to the risk of injury or material damage should the unit be used improperly. * Material damage refers to damage or other adverse effects caused with respect to the home and all its furnishings, as well to domestic animals or pets.
About the Symbols
	The symbol alerts the user to important instructions or warnings. The specific meaning of the symbol is determined by the design contained within the triangle. In the case of the symbol at left, it is used for general cautions, warnings, or alerts to danger.
	The symbol alerts the user to items that must never be carried out (are forbidden). The specific thing that must not be done is indicated by the design contained within the circle. In the case of the symbol at left, it means that the unit must never be disassembled.
	The symbol alerts the user to things that must be carried out. The specific thing that must be done is indicated by the design contained within the circle. In the case of the symbol at left, it means that the powercord plug must be unplugged from the outlet.

ALWAYS OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING

• Before using this unit, make sure to read the instructions below, and the Owner's Manual.
• 
  Do not open (or modify in any way) the instrument, and avoid damaging the supplied adapter.
• 
  Do not attempt to repair the instrument, or replace parts within it. Refer all servicing to your retailer, the nearest Roland Service Center, or an authorized Roland distributor, as listed on the "Information" page.
• Never use or store the unit in places that are:
  • Subject to temperature extremes (e.g., direct sunlight in an enclosed vehicle, near a heating duct, on top of heat-generating equipment); or are
  • Damp (e.g., baths, washrooms, on wet floors); or are
    
  • Humid; or are
  • Exposed to rain; or are
    
  • Dusty; or are
  • Subject to high levels of vibration.
• Be sure to use only the adapter supplied with the instrument. Also, make sure the line voltage at the installation matches the input voltage specified on the name plate.
  
• 
  Avoid damaging the adapter's cord. Do not bend it excessively, step on it, place heavy objects on it, etc. A damaged cord can easily become a shock or fire hazard. Do not use the adapter when it shows clear signs of damage.
  
• 
  This instrument may be capable of producing sound levels that could cause permanent hearing loss. Do not operate for a long period of time at a high volume level, or at a level that is uncomfortable. If you experience any hearing loss or ringing in the ears, you should immediately stop using the unit, and consult an audiologist.
• Do not allow any objects (e.g., flammable material, coins, pins); or liquids of any kind (water, soft drinks, etc.) to penetrate the instrument.
  
• Immediately turn the power off, remove the adapter from the outlet, and request servicing by your retailer, the nearest Roland Service Center, or an authorized Roland distributor, as listed on the "Information" page when:
  • The the adapter has been damaged; or
  • Objects have fallen into, or liquid has been spilled onto the instrument; or
  • The instrument has been exposed to rain (or otherwise has become wet); or
  • The unit does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance.
• In households with small children, an adult should provide supervision until the child is capable of following all the rules essential for the safe operation of the unit.
• Protect the unit from strong impact. Do not drop it!
• 
  Do not force instrument to share an outlet with an unreasonable number of other devices. Be especially careful when using extension cords—the total power used by all devices you have connected to the extension cord's outlet must never exceed the power rating (watts/ amperes) for the extension cord. Excessive loads can cause the insulation on the cord to heat up and eventually melt through.
• Before using the unit in a foreign country, consult with your retailer, the nearest Roland Service Center, or an authorized Roland distributor, as listed on the "Information" page.

• The instrument and the adapter should be located so their position does not interfere with their proper ventilation.
• 
  Always grasp only the plug or the body of the adapter when plugging into, or unplugging from, an outlet or this instrument.
• 
  Whenever the unit is to remain unused for an extended period of time, disconnect the adapter.
• Try to prevent cords and cables from becoming entangled. Also, all cords and cables should be placed so they are out of the reach of children.
• 
  Never climb on top of, nor place heavy objects on the unit.
• 
  Never handle the adapter with wet hands when plugging into, or unplugging from, an outlet or this unit.
• 
  Before cleaning the unit, turn off the power and unplug the adapter from the outlet.
• 
  Whenever you suspect the possibility of lightning in your area, disconnect the adapter from the outlet.

Documents / Resources

Download manual

Here you can download full pdf version of manual, it may contain additional safety instructions, warranty information, FCC rules, etc.

Download Roland C-190 - Portable Classical Organ Manual