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the integral values during
minute shifting of the inte-
gral range and for periodic
functions, etc., where posi-
tive and negative integral
values exist depending on
the interval.
For the former case, divide
integral intervals as small
as possible. For the latter
case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these
tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will
also shorten the calculation time.
Random Function
The Random function has four settings for use in the normal, statis-
tics, matrix and list modes. (This function cannot be selected while
using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in
succession, press ®. Press ª to exit.
• The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory
Y. Each random number is based on a number series.
[Random Numbers]
A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to
0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0®.
[Random Dice]
To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be
generated by pressing @`1®.
[Random Coin]
To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly gener-
ated by pressing @`2®.
[Random Integer]
An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by press-
ing @`3®.
Angular Unit Conversions
Each time @g are pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.
Memory Calculations
Mode
ANS
NORMAL
STAT
×
EQN
CPLX
MAT
LIST
×
: Available
: Unavailable
[Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)]
Press O and a variable key to store a value in memory.
Press R and a variable key to recall a value from the memory.
To place a variable in an equation, press K and a variable key.
[Independent memory (M)]
In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can
be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.
Press ªOM to clear the independent memory (M).
[Last answer memory (ANS)]
The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other
calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last
answer memory. A Matrix/List format result is not stored.
[Formula memories (F1-F4)]
Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4.
(Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing
a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the
existing equation.
Note:
• Calculation results from the functions indicated below are auto-
matically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values.
• Random function .......... Y memory
• →rθ, →xy ........................ X memory (r or x), Y memory (θ or y)
• Use of R or K will recall the value stored in memory using
up to 14 digits.
Chain Calculations
• The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent
calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple
instructions or when the calculation result is in Matrix/List format.
• When using postfix functions (¿ , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is
possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the
use of the ª key.
Fraction Calculations
Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed
using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a
fraction.
• If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the
number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number.
Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal
Operations (N-Base)
Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four
basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and
memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical
operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental,
octal and hexadecimal numbers.
Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys:
@ê (" " appears.), @û (" " appears.), @î
(" " appears.), @ì (" " appears.), @í (" ", " ", " "
and " " disappear.)
Note: The hexadecimal numbers A – F are entered by pressing
ß, ™, L, ÷, l, and I, and displayed
as follows:
y
y
x
0
a
x
a
b
x x
1
0
x
x
1
2
x
3
M, F1-F4
×
×
×
×
A → ï, B → ∫, C → ó, D → ò, E → ô, F → ö
In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional
parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a frac-
tional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadeci-
mal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when
the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation
x
2
includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In
b
the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative num-
x
x
bers are displayed as a complement.
3
Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations
Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be
performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to
seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic opera-
tions and memory calculations can be performed using the
sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:
Coordinate Conversions
• Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.
• The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X
and Y.
• Value of r or x: X memory
Calculations Using Physical Constants
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side.
A constant is recalled by pressing ß followed by the number
of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number.
The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with
the designated number of decimal places.
A-F, X,Y
Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not
set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equa-
×
tion mode, matrix mode and list mode.
×
Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either
×
on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edi-
tion of the "Guide for the Use of the International System of
Units (SI)" released by NIST (National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology) or on ISO specifications.
No.
01 Speed of light in vacuum
02 Newtonian constant of gravitation
03 Standard acceleration of gravity
04 Electron mass
05 Proton mass
06 Neutron mass
07 Muon mass
08 Atomic mass unit-kilogram
relationship
09 Elementary charge
10 Planck constant
11 Boltzmann constant
12 Magnetic constant
13 Electric constant
14 Classical electron radius
15 Fine-structure constant
16 Bohr radius
17 Rydberg constant
18 Magnetic flux quantum
19 Bohr magneton
20 Electron magnetic moment
21 Nuclear magneton
22 Proton magnetic moment
23 Neutron magnetic moment
24 Muon magnetic moment
25 Compton wavelength
26 Proton Compton wavelength
27 Stefan-Boltzmann constant
Metric Conversions
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side.
Unit conversions can be performed in the normal mode (when not
set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equa-
tion mode, matrix mode and list mode.
No.
1
in
2
cm
3
ft
4
m
5
yd
6
m
7
mile
8
km
9
n mile
10
m
11
acre
2
12
m
13
oz
14
g
15
lb
16
kg
17
°F
18
°C
19
gal (US) : gallon (US)
l
20
21
gal (UK) : gallon (UK)
l
22
degree
minute
Y
Y
P (x,y )
↔
y
X
0
0
x
Rectangular coord.
Polar coord.
• Value of θ or y: Y memory
Constant
No.
28 Avogadro constant
29 Molar volume of ideal gas
(273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)
30 Molar gas constant
31 Faraday constant
32 Von Klitzing constant
33 Electron charge to mass quotient
34 Quantum of circulation
35 Proton gyromagnetic ratio
36 Josephson constant
37 Electron volt
38 Celsius Temperature
39 Astronomical unit
40 Parsec
41 Molar mass of carbon-12
42 Planck constant over 2 pi
43 Hartree energy
44 Conductance quantum
45 Inverse fine-structure constant
46 Proton-electron mass ratio
47 Molar mass constant
48 Neutron Compton wavelength
49 First radiation constant
50 Second radiation constant
51 Characteristic impedance of
vacuum
52 Standard atmosphere
Remarks
No.
: inch
23
fl oz(US) : fluid ounce(US)
: centimeter
24
ml
: foot
25
fl oz(UK) : fluid ounce(UK)
: meter
26
ml
: yard
27
J
: meter
28
cal
: mile
29
J
: kilometer
30
cal
: nautical mile
31
J
: meter
32
cal
: acre
33
hp
: square meter
34
W
: ounce
35
ps
: gram
36
W
: pound
37
: kilogram
38
Pa
: Degree Fahrenheit
39
atm
: Degree Celsius
40
Pa
41
(1 mmHg = 1 Torr)
: liter
42
Pa
43
: liter
44
J
second
P (r, θ )
r
θ
X
Constant
Remarks
: milliliter
: milliliter
: Joule
: calorie
: Joule
: Calorie (15n°C)
15
: Joule
: I.T. calorie
IT
: horsepower
: watt
: French horsepower
: watt
: Pascal
: atmosphere
: Pascal
: Pascal
: Joule
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