Octave Buttons; The Pitch Bend Wheel; The Modulation Wheel; The Volume Slider - M-Audio KEYSTATION 88es User Manual

Octave Buttons

An octave contains 12 notes. Each octave is denoted on your Keystation by black and white sections starting on C. Each octave is
given a number.
If you press the octave "+" button once, the LED above the octave "-" button will go out, indicating the keyboard's octave is now
shifted up. If you press the octave "+" key again, you will shift one more octave up, and so on. It is possible to shift the keyboard
up 3 octaves or down 3 octaves from 0 octave shift.
To shift the octave down, press the octave "-" button and notice that the led above the octave "+" goes out. If only the led above
the octave "-" key is lit, the octave is shifted down and, if only the led above the octave "+" key is lit, the octave is shifted up.
To return the octave shift to 0, press both the octave "+" and "-" keys together. Both LEDs will light, indicating that the octave shift
has returned to 0.

The Pitch Bend Wheel

As the name indicates, the assignable pitch bend wheel is primarily used to bend the notes played on the keyboard up or down.
This allows you to play phrases not normally associated with keyboard playing, such as guitar-style riffs.
Your sound source determines how far you can bend the note. The usual setting is two semitones, but it can be up to two octaves
+/-.

The Modulation Wheel

The modulation wheel is typically used for modulation of the sound you are playing. This type of real-time controller was originally
introduced on electronic keyboard instruments to give the performer options such as adding vibrato, just like players of acoustic
instruments do.
Just like the pitch bend wheel, the modulation wheel is fully MIDI assignable.

The Volume Slider

The Volume Slider sends a MIDI message that controls the volume of the notes you are playing.
The Volume Slider can also be assigned to different effects such as pan (balance), attack, reverb, chorus and many more. (See
"Advanced Functions" for more information.)

Using with a Foot Pedal

A foot pedal can be used for sustaining the sound that you are playing, without having to keep your hands on the keyboard (just
like the sustain pedal on a piano).
You can plug a foot pedal of any polarity, sold separately, into the foot pedal input on your M-Audio keyboard. The keyboard will
automatically detect the correct polarity when powering up. If you want to reverse the polarity, simply depress the pedal when you
switch on your keyboard.

The Advanced Functions Button

The Advanced Functions button is used to access all the advanced functions of the keyboard that are located on the keybed.
When the Advanced Functions button is pressed, the keyboard goes into "Edit Mode." In Edit Mode, the keys on the keyboard are
used for selecting functions and entering data.
The light above the Advanced Functions button indicates whether or not Edit Mode is engaged. In Edit Mode, the black keys on the
keyboard are used for selecting functions, while the white keys are used for data entry and channel selection.
Your keyboard will slip out of Edit Mode as soon as a function is selected, or the CANCEL or ENTER keys are pressed (the light
above the Advanced Functions button will turn off). The keyboard can then be used to play notes again.
The following diagram shows what each key on the keyboard represents in Edit Mode:
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