Page 1 ™ Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device Administration Guide...
Page 2 This manual and any associated artwork, software, and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law, copying includes translation to another language or format.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
What You Need ... 2-2 Important Safety instructions ... 2-3 Identify the Connectors and Attach the Cables ... 2-4 Netopia 4741 Status Lights... 2-5 Chapter 3 — Sharing the Connection...3-1 Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows-based Computers... 3-2 Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended) ... 3-2 Static conﬁguration (optional) ...
Page 4 Administration Guide DSL Line Conﬁguration ... 6-5 Voice Easy Setup ... 6-6 Easy Setup Proﬁle... 6-7 IP Easy Setup ... 6-8 Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration ... 6-9 Chapter 7 — Voice Conﬁguration...7-1 Introduction... 7-1 Conﬁguring the Voice Features ... 7-2 Part II: Advanced Configuration Chapter 8 —...
Page 5 System Conﬁguration Features ... 8-22 IP setup ... 8-23 Filter sets... 8-23 IP address serving ... 8-23 Date and time (Network Time Protocol)... 8-23 Console conﬁguration... 8-24 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)... 8-25 Security... 8-25 Upgrade feature set ... 8-25 Logging ...
Page 6 Administration Guide Adding Server Lists... 10-17 Modifying server lists ... 10-20 Deleting a server ... 10-22 Binding Map Lists and Server Lists ... 10-23 IP proﬁle parameters... 10-23 IP Parameters (WAN Default Proﬁle) ... 10-25 NAT Associations ... 10-27 MultiNAT Conﬁguration Example ... 10-29 Chapter 11 —...
Page 7 About Filters and Filter Sets... 12-4 What’s a ﬁlter and what’s a ﬁlter set? ... 12-4 How ﬁlter sets work ... 12-4 How individual ﬁlters work ... 12-6 Design guidelines ... 12-10 Working with IP Filters and Filter Sets ... 12-11 Adding a ﬁlter set...
Page 8 Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles ... 14-12 Restarting the System ... 14-12 Part III: Appendixes Appendix A — Troubleshooting...A-1 Conﬁguration Problems ... A-1 Console connection problems ... A-2 Network problems... A-2 How to Reset the Netopia 4741 to Factory Defaults ... A-3...
Page 9 Description... E-1 Power requirements ... E-1 Environment ... E-1 Software and protocols ... E-1 Agency Approvals... E-2 Regulatory notices ... E-2 Important Safety instructions ... E-5 Netopia 4741 Speciﬁcations ... E-6 Physical interface ... E-6 Data features ... E-6 Contents...
Page 10 Administration Guide Hardware speciﬁcations ... E-8 Voice features ... E-8 Glossary Index Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies...
Page 12 Administration Guide...
Page 13: Chapter 1 - Introduction
DSL. The Netopia 4741 supports the broad array of phone features offered through your service provider and uses your existing analog telephone equipment. The Netopia 4741 includes Netopia's sophisticated data routing engine optimized for small and medium size business needs.
Page 14 Setup and conﬁguration management via console menu. This guide is designed to be your source for information about your Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen.
Page 15: Chapter 2 - Making The Physical Connections
Cable length and network size limitations when expanding networks For small networks, install the Netopia 4741 near one of the LANs. For large networks, you can install the Netopia 4741 in a wiring closet or a central network administration site.
Page 16: What You Need
You will need: A Windows 95 or 98–based PC or a Macintosh computer with Ethernet connectivity for conﬁguring the Netopia 4741. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on card, with TCP/IP installed and conﬁgured. See “Sharing the Connection” on page A DSL wall outlet wired for a connection to a Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) who supports ADSL Digital Subscriber Line connections.
Page 17: Important Safety Instructions
Important Safety instructions CAUTION: Depending on the power supply provided with the product, either the direct plug-in power supply blades, power supply cord plug or the appliance coupler serves as the main power disconnect. It is important that the direct plug-in power supply, socket-outlet or appliance coupler be located so it is readily accessible.
Page 18: Identify The Connectors And Attach The Cables
The ﬁgure below displays the back of the Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device. Netopia 4741 back panel Telephone Extensions The following table describes all the Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device back panel ports. Port Telephone extension Four RJ-11 telephone jacks for connecting your phone extensions.
Page 19: Netopia 4741 Status Lights
Netopia 4741 Status Lights The ﬁgure below represents the Netopia 4741 status light (LED) panel. Netopia 4741 LED front panel The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors: When this happens... The power is off (button is not pressed in)
Page 20 2-6 Administration Guide...
Page 21: Chapter 3 - Sharing The Connection
Once you have set up your physical local area network, you will need to conﬁgure the TCP/IP stack on each client workstation connected to your Netopia 4741. This chapter describes how to conﬁgure TCP/IP for both Windows-based and Macintosh computers.
Page 22: Conﬁguring Tcp/Ip On Windows-Based Computers
Click OK in this window and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer. Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia 4741.
Page 23: Static Conﬁguration (Optional)
IP Address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 This address is an example of one that can be used to conﬁgure the router. Your ISP or network administrator may ask you to use a different IP address and subnet mask. Sharing the Connection 3-3...
Page 24 Under “New gateway,” enter 192.168.1.1. Click Add. This is the Netopia 4741’s pre-assigned IP address. Click OK in this window and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer. Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses.
Page 25: Conﬁguring Tcp/Ip On Macintosh Computers
You must have either Open Transport or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed. Note: If you want to use the Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) server built into your Netopia 4741 to assign IP addresses to your Macintoshes, you must be running Open Transport, standard in MacOS 8 and optional in earlier system versions.
Page 26: Static Conﬁguration (Optional)
Option: Connect via: Conﬁgure: IP Address: Subnet mask: Router or Gateway address: Name server address: Implicit Search Path: Starting domain name: Close the TCP/IP or MacTCP control panel and save the settings. If you are using MacTCP, you must restart the computer. If you are using Open Transport, you do not need to restart.
Page 27 IP addresses. Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address. More information about conﬁguring your Macintosh computer for TCP/IP connectivity through a Netopia 4741 can be found in Technote NIR_026, “Open Transport and Netopia Routers,” located on the Netopia Web site.
Page 28 3-8 Administration Guide...
Page 29: Chapter 4 - Connecting To Your Local Network
This chapter describes how to physically connect the Netopia 4741 to your local area network (LAN). Before you proceed, make sure the Netopia 4741 is properly conﬁgured. You can customize the device’s conﬁguration for your particular LAN requirements using console-based management (see page 5-1).
Page 30: Readying Computers On Your Local Network
TCP/IP stack: This is the software that lets your PC or Macintosh computer communicate using Internet protocols. TCP/IP stacks must be conﬁgured with some of the same information you used to conﬁgure the Netopia 4741. There are a number of TCP/IP stacks available for PC computers. Windows 95 includes a built-in TCP/IP stack. See “Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows-based Computers”...
Page 31: Connecting To An Ip And Telephone Network
Connecting to an IP and Telephone Network The Netopia 4741 supports Ethernet connections through its Ethernet port. You can connect a standard 10 or 100Base-T Ethernet network to the Netopia 4741 using its Ethernet port. Netopia 4741 back panel Telephone...
Page 32 4-4 Administration Guide...
Page 33: Chapter 5 - Console-Based Management
Console-based management is a menu-driven interface for the capabilities built into the Netopia 4741. Console-based management provides access to a wide variety of features that the router supports. You can customize these features for your individual setup. This chapter describes how to access the console-based management screens.
Page 34: Overview
Note: Alternatively, you can have a direct serial console cable connection using the provided console cable for your platform (PC or Macintosh) and the Console port on the back of the router. For more information on attaching the console cable, see Telnet software installed on the computer you will use to conﬁgure the router...
Page 35: Connecting A Console Cable To Your Device
NT on the PC, or ZTerm for Classic MacOS, included on the Netopia CD, for Macintosh computers. The Netopia 4741 back panel has a connector labeled “Console” for attaching the Router to either a PC or Macintosh computer via the serial port on the computer. (On a Macintosh computer, the serial port is called the Modem port or Printer port.) This connection lets you use the computer to conﬁgure and monitor the Netopia...
Page 36 5-4 Administration Guide Launch your terminal emulation software and conﬁgure the communications software for the values shown in the table below. These are the default communication parameters that the Netopia 4741 uses. Parameter Terminal type Data bits Parity Stop bits...
Page 37: Navigating Through The Console Screens
Navigating through the Console Screens Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia 4741’s conﬁguration screens, enter and edit information, and make choices. The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens. Move through selectable items in a screen or pop-up menu...
Page 38 5-6 Administration Guide...
Page 39: Chapter 6 - Easy Setup
This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device. After completing the Easy Setup console screens, your device will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site.
Page 40 You always start from this main screen. If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that: If you are using a serial connection, that your serial port speed is the same as the Netopia 4741’s default 9600 baud, for ﬁrst use.
Page 41: Quick Easy Setup Connection Path
Quick Easy Setup Connection Path This section may be all you need to do to conﬁgure your Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device. Your service provider will supply you with several parameter values. Below is a handy checklist: Data Link Encapsulation...
Page 42 Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration. You always start from this main screen. “Connecting through a Telnet Session” on page “Connecting a Console Cable to Your Device” on page Netopia 4741 v5.1.1 Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration...
Page 43: Dsl Line Conﬁguration
Select the ﬁrst item on the Main Menu list, Easy Setup. Press Return to bring up the DSL Line Conﬁguration menu screen. DSL Line Conﬁguration Data Link Encapsulation... RFC1483 Mode... PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE): Data Circuit VPI (0-255): Data Circuit VCI (0-65535): PREVIOUS SCREEN Return/Enter goes to new screen.
Page 44: Voice Easy Setup
6-6 Administration Guide Voice Easy Setup Voice Gateway... Voice VPI (0-255): Voice VCI (0-65535): PREVIOUS SCREEN Select Voice Gateway and press Return. The pop-up menu will offer you the choice of popular voice gateway devices. Your selection depends on which type your ISP uses: CopperCom, JetStream, TollBridge, Tdsoft, or Zhone.
Page 45: Easy Setup Proﬁle
ISP or a corporate site. On a Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, although, except for Virtual Private Networks, you can only use one at a time.
Page 46: Ip Easy Setup
6-8 Administration Guide IP Easy Setup The IP Easy Setup screen is where you enter information about your Netopia Router’s: Ethernet IP address Ethernet Subnet mask Domain Name Domain Name Server IP address Default gateway IP address Consult with your network administrator to obtain the information you will need. For more information about setting up IP, see “IP Setup”...
Page 47: Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration
Do not confuse the remote IP address and the Default IP Gateway’s address with the block of local IP addresses you receive from your ISP. You use the local IP addresses for the Netopia 4741’s Ethernet port and for IP clients on your local network. The remote IP address and the default gateway’s IP address should point to your ISP’s router.
Page 48 PREVIOUS SCREEN Configure a Configuration Access Name and Password here. The ﬁnal step in conﬁguring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia 4741, so that the conﬁguration settings take effect. Select RESTART DEVICE. A prompt asks you to conﬁrm your choice.
Page 49: Chapter 7 - Voice Conﬁguration
Important key system features such as call hold, call transfer, and call waiting are all supported. Note: Since the Netopia 4741 is a Centrex-based IAD, speciﬁc voice features available to you via the Netopia 4741 will depend on the services for which you contract with your service provider.
Page 50: Wan Conﬁguration
7-2 Administration Guide This section describes how to conﬁgure the voice telephone features of the Netopia 4741. From the Main Menu select Voice Conﬁguration. Return/Enter goes to Easy Setup -- minimal configuration. You always start from this main screen. The Voice Conﬁguration screen appears.
Page 51 The Compression type is normally set at the voice gateway. It is visible for informational purposes, to ascertain that the provisioning on the voice gateway is in sync with the Netopia 4741. LES stands for Loop Emulation Service, an increasingly popular standard among ATM voice gateway manufacturers.
Page 52 7-4 Administration Guide visible. From the pop-up menu choose either Proﬁle 9 or Proﬁle 10. The Netopia 4741 currently supports LES proﬁle 9 and LES proﬁle 10. LES proﬁle 9 includes only PCM calls. LES proﬁle 10 includes PCM and ADPCM capabilities.
Page 54 Administration Guide...
Page 55: Multiple Atm Permanent Virtual Circuit Support
This chapter describes how to use the console-based management screens to access and conﬁgure advanced features of your Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device. You can customize these features for your individual setup. These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their device’s connection proﬁles and system conﬁguration.
Page 56 8-2 Administration Guide WAN Conﬁguration To conﬁgure your Wide Area Network (WAN) connection, navigate to the WAN Conﬁguration screen from the Main Menu and select WAN Conﬁguration, then WAN (Wide Area Network) Setup. Main Menu The DSL Line Conﬁguration screen appears. Circuit Type...
Page 57 With transmission over a noisy line, the ability to recover encoded bits is signiﬁcantly improved by using a Trellis Coder/Decoder. The Trellis Coder for ADSL can achieve a better coding gain. Trellis coding can be optionally used only for Multimode. The DSLAM and Netopia 4741 negotiate if Trellis Coding is enabled during part of their initialization.
Page 58 8-4 Administration Guide removing a circuit without losing the conﬁgured attributes. In order to function, each circuit must be bound to a Connection Proﬁle or to the Default Proﬁle. Among other attributes, the proﬁle binding speciﬁes the IP addressing information for use on the circuit. Each circuit must be bound to a distinct Connection Proﬁle.
Page 59 Choosing Display/Change Circuit (or Delete Circuit) displays a pop-up menu that allows you to select the circuit to be modiﬁed or deleted. Circuit Type... Signaling Mode... Cell Format... Unused Cell Format... Data Link Encapsulation... RFC1483 Mode... PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE): Display/Change Circuit...
Page 60: Adding A Circuit
8-6 Administration Guide Circuit Enabled allows you to enable or disable the circuit, using the Tab key. The default is enabled. Trafﬁc Type allows you to select which type of trafﬁc will be routed on this circuit, Voice or Data. If you choose Voice, the Connection Proﬁle is ﬁeld becomes unavailable and does not display.
Page 61 Choosing Add Circuit displays the Add Circuit screen. Circuit Name: Circuit Enabled: Traffic Type... Circuit VPI (0-255): Circuit VCI (0-65535): Use Connection Profile... Use Default Profile for Circuit ADD Circuit NOW The ﬁelds in the Add Circuit screen are the similar to the ﬁelds in the Change Circuit screen described above. You can add up to seven circuits (for a total of eight) and bind them to separate Connection Proﬁles.
Page 62 8-8 Administration Guide The General Statistics screen adds a selection for ATM VC Statistics. To access the ATM VC Statistics screen navigate from the Main Menu to Statistics & Logs then General Statistics. Main Menu The General Statistics screen appears. Physical I/F-----Rx Bytes---Tx Bytes---Rx Pkts---Tx Pkts----Rx Err----Tx Err Ethernet Hub Aux Async...
Page 63 The ATM VC Statistics screen appears. VPI/VCI------Local IP Addr---------Frames Rx--Frames Tx---Bytes Rx---Bytes Tx ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 0/39 111.222.333.4 8/36 ---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN---------------------------------- To display more information about each circuit associated with the selected WAN module, use the up or down arrow key to highlight the circuit you want to view. Press Return. A pop-up window appears, displaying detailed information for the selected circuit.
Page 64: Creating A New Connection Proﬁle
Return accepts * ESC cancels * Left/Right moves insertion point * Del deletes. Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? On a Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, but you can only use one at a time.
Page 65 Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Return. The pop-up menu offers the possible data link encapsulation methods for connection proﬁles used for a variety of purposes: PPP, RFC1483, ATMP, PPTP, or IPsec. If you select any data link encapsulation method other than RFC1483, a Data Link Options menu item is displayed;...
Page 66 Toggle or enter the IP Parameters you require. The Netopia 4741 allows a central site router to supply an entire IP subnet, rather than a single IP address. If the applicable Connection Proﬁle speciﬁes an unnumbered, non-NAT connection and Nego- tiate LAN IP Addr/Mask is set to On, PPP will attempt to negotiate both an IP Address and subnet mask.
Page 67 If you want to view the Connection Proﬁles in your device, return to the WAN Conﬁguration screen, and select Display/Change Connection Proﬁle. The list of Connection Proﬁles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen. +-Profile Name---------------------IP Address----------------+ +------------------------------------------------------------+ | SmartStart Profile | Profile 02 +------------------------------------------------------------+ Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit.
Page 68: The Wan Default Proﬁle
8-14 Administration Guide The WAN Default Proﬁle If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation, the WAN Default Proﬁle screen controls whether or not the DSL link will come up without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle. (PPP datalink encapsulation does not support a default proﬁle, and the corresponding menu item is unavailable.) See Proﬁle”...
Page 69: Ip Parameters (Default Proﬁle) Screen
IP Parameters (Default Proﬁle) screen If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation, the IP Parameters (Default Proﬁle) screen allows you to conﬁgure various IP parameters for DSL connections established without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle: Address Translation Enabled: Filter Set (Firewall)... Remove Filter Set Receive RIP: Transmit RIP:...
Page 70: Viewing Scheduled Connections
8-16 Administration Guide Navigate from here to add/modify/change/delete Scheduled Connections. Viewing scheduled connections To display a table of scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one row of the table. +-Days----Begin At---HH:MM---When----Conn. Prof. Name----Enabled-----+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | mtWtfss 08:30PM +--------------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 71: Adding A Scheduled Connection
The other columns show: The time of day that the connection will Begin At The duration of the connection (HH:MM) Whether it’s a recurring Weekly connection or used Once Only Which connection proﬁle (Conn. Prof.) is used to connect Whether the scheduled connection is currently Enabled The device checks the date and time set in scheduled connections against the system date and time.
Page 72: Set Weekly Schedule
8-18 Administration Guide demand call on the line. Demand-Allowed, meaning that this schedule will permit a demand call on the line. Demand-Blocked, meaning that this schedule will prevent a demand call on the line. Periodic, meaning that the connection is retried several times during the scheduled time. If How Often is set to Weekly, the item directly below How Often reads Set Weekly Schedule.
Page 73: Set Once-Only Schedule
Set Once-Only Schedule If you set How Often to Once Only, select Set Once-Only Schedule and go to the Set Once-Only Schedule screen. Place Call on (MM/DD/YY): Scheduled Window Start Time: AM or PM: Scheduled Window Duration: Select Place Call On (Date) and enter a date in the format MM/DD/YY or MM/DD/YYYY (month, day, year).
Page 74: Modifying A Scheduled Connection
8-20 Administration Guide Modifying a scheduled connection To modify a scheduled connection, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen to display a table of scheduled connections. Select a scheduled connection from the table and press Return. The Change Scheduled Connection screen appears.
Page 75: System Conﬁguration Screens
Through the console port, using a local terminal (see page 5-3) You can also retrieve the Netopia 4741’s conﬁguration information and remotely set its parameters using the Simple Network Management Protocol (see Open a Telnet connection to the device’s IP address; for example, “192.168.1.1.”...
Page 76: System Conﬁguration Features
To go back in this sequence of screens, use the Escape key. System Conﬁguration Features The Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device’s default settings may be all you need to conﬁgure your Netopia 4741. Some users, however, require advanced settings or prefer manual control over the default selections.
Page 77: Ip Setup
System Date Format: System Time Format: The Netopia 4741 uses Network Time Protocol (NTP) by default to set the date and time automatically. You may want to modify the default settings for your own environment. NTP takes effect ﬁve minutes after the device boots. At that time NTP attempts to connect to a central Time Server and set the device’s clock.
Page 78: Console Conﬁguration
8-24 Administration Guide You should pick a time server close to your location, if possible. Lists of public time servers supported by corporations, governments, and educational institutions are available by searching the Internet. Enter a Time Server Host Name or IP Address. This may be in the form hostname.domainname or in dotted quad (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) notation.
Page 79: Snmp (Simple Network Management Protocol)
You can upgrade your Netopia 4741 by adding new feature sets through the Upgrade Feature Set utility. See the release notes that came with your device or feature set upgrade, or visit the Netopia Web site at www.netopia.com for information on new feature sets, how to obtain them, and how to install them on your Netopia 4741.
Page 80: Installing The Syslog Client
You can specify the UNIX syslog Facility to use by selecting the Facility pop-up. Installing the Syslog client The Netopia CD contains a Syslog client daemon program that can be conﬁgured to report the WAN events you speciﬁed in the Logging Conﬁguration screen.
Page 81 The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events: 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com >>Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN: 5108645534 5 10:14:06 tsnext.netopia.com...
Page 82 8-28 Administration Guide...
Page 83 The Netopia 4741 uses Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate both locally and with remote networks. This chapter shows you how to conﬁgure the router to route IP trafﬁc. You also learn how to conﬁgure the router to serve IP addresses to hosts on your local network.
Page 84: Chapter 9 - Ip Setup
Main Menu The IP Setup options screen is where you conﬁgure the Ethernet side of the Netopia 4741. The information you enter here controls how the router routes IP trafﬁc. Consult your network administrator or ISP to obtain the IP setup information (such as the Ethernet IP address, Ethernet subnet mask, default IP gateway, and Primary Domain Name Server IP address) you will need before changing any of the settings in this screen.
Page 85: Ip Setup
Set to Both, the Netopia 4741 will accept information from either RIP v1 or v2 routers. If you want the Netopia 4741 to advertise its routing table to other routers via RIP, select Transmit RIP and select v1, v2 (broadcast), or v2 (multicast) from the pop-up menu. With Transmit RIP v1 selected, the Netopia 4741 will generate RIP packets only to other RIP v1 routers.
Page 86: Ip Subnets
All eight row labels are always visible, regardless of the number of subnets conﬁgured. To add an IP subnet, enter the Netopia 4741’s IP address on the subnet in the IP Address ﬁeld in a particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask ﬁeld in that row.
Page 87 For example: IP Address ---------------- 192.128.117.162 192.128.152.162 0.0.0.0 To delete a conﬁgured subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly or by clearing each ﬁeld and pressing Return to commit the change. When a conﬁgured subnet is deleted, the values in subsequent rows adjust up to ﬁll the vacant ﬁelds.
Page 88: Static Routes
Static routes are IP routes that are maintained manually. Each static route acts as a pointer that tells the Netopia 4741 how to reach a particular network. However, static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table, which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia 4741 (see Static routes are helpful in situations where a route to a network must be used and other means of ﬁnding the...
Page 89 The Static Routes screen will appear. Configure/View/Delete Static Routes from this and the following Screens. Viewing static routes To display a view-only table of static routes, select Display/Change Static Route. The table shown below will appear. +-Dest. Network---Subnet Mask-----Next Gateway----Priority-Enabled-+ +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 +------------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 90 Select Destination Network Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask used by the destination network. Select Next Gateway IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia 4741 will use to reach the destination network. This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network, but it must at least know where to forward packets destined for that network.
Page 91 If the static route conﬂicts with a connection proﬁle, the connection proﬁle will always take precedence. To make sure that the static route is known only to the Netopia 4741, select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to No. To allow other RIP-capable routers to know about the static route, select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to Yes.
Page 92: Ip Address Serving
Menu Configuration In addition to being a router, the Netopia 4741 is also an IP address server. There are three protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses. The ﬁrst, called Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), is widely supported on PC networks, as well as Apple Macintosh computers using Open Transport and computers using the UNIX operating system.
Page 93 If you enabled IP Address Serving, then DHCP, BootP clients and Dynamic WAN clients are automatically enabled. The IP Address Serving Mode pop-up menu allows you to choose the way in which the Netopia 4741 will serve IP addresses. The device can act as either a DHCP Server or a DHCP Relay Agent. (See “DHCP Relay...
Page 94 9-12 Administration Guide If you have conﬁgured multiple Ethernet IP subnets, the appearance of the IP Address Serving screen is altered slightly: Configure Address Pools... Serve DHCP Clients: DHCP NetBios Options... Serve BOOTP Clients: Serve Dynamic WAN Clients: The ﬁrst three menu items are hidden, and Conﬁgure Address Pools... appears instead. If you select Conﬁgure Address Pools...
Page 95: Ip Address Pools
The value defaults to the Netopia 4741’s IP address on the corresponding subnet (or the Netopia 4741’s default gateway, if that gateway is located on the subnet in question). You can override the value by entering any address that is part of the subnet.
Page 96 When requesting an address, a client may provide a client identiﬁer, or, if it does not, the Netopia 4741 may construct a pseudo-client identiﬁer for the client. When the client subsequently requests an address, the Netopia 4741 will attempt to serve the address previously associated with the pseudo-client identiﬁer.
Page 97: Dhcp Netbios Options
DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia 4741 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS information. NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with speciﬁc hardware. NetBIOS has been adopted as an industry standard.
Page 98 9-16 Administration Guide From the NetBios Type pop-up menu, select the type of NetBIOS used on your network. Serve NetBios Type: NetBios Type... Serve NetBios Scope: NetBios Scope: Serve NetBios Name Server: NetBios Name Server IP Addr: To serve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope, select Serve NetBios Scope and toggle it to Yes. Select NetBios Scope and enter the scope.
Page 99: More Address Serving Options
The ability to serve as a DHCP Relay Agent. The Netopia 4741 supports reserving an IP address only for a type 1 client identiﬁer (i.e., an Ethernet hardware address). It does not support reserving an IP address for an arbitrary client identiﬁer. (For more information on client identiﬁers, see RFC 2131, section 9.14.)
Page 100: Conﬁguring The Ip Address Server Options
9-18 Administration Guide Conﬁguring the IP Address Server options To access the enhanced DHCP server functions, from the Main Menu navigate to Statistics & Logs and then Served IP Addresses. Main Menu The following example shows the Served IP Addresses screen after three clients have leased IP addresses. The ﬁrst client did not provide a Host Name in its DHCP messages;...
Page 101 You can select the entries in the Served IP Addresses screen. Use the up and down arrow keys to move the selection to one of the entries in the list of served IP addresses. -IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier----------------- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.102...
Page 102 9-20 Administration Guide Details… is displayed if the entry is associated with both a host name and a client identiﬁer. Selecting Details… displays a pop-up menu that provides additional information associated with the IP address. The pop-up menu includes the IP address as well as the host name and client identiﬁer supplied by the client to which the address is leased.
Page 103 -IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier----------------- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.101 192.1+-------------------------------------------------------------+ 192.1+-------------------------------------------------------------+ 192.1| 192.1| You are about to make changes that will affect an address 192.1| that is currently in use. Are you sure you want to do this? | 192.1| 192.1| CANCEL 192.1| 192.1+-------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 104 The router’s Ethernet IP address(es) will be automatically excluded from the address serving pool(s) on startup. Entries in the served IP address list corresponding to the router’s Ethernet IP address(es) that have been automatically excluded on startup are not selectable.
Page 105 Netopia Router. If the Netopia Router is conﬁgured to act as a DHCP server, it will assign the client an address from an address pool conﬁgured locally in the Netopia Router and respond to the client's request...
Page 106: Dhcp Relay Agent
9-24 Administration Guide Select IP Address Serving and press Return. The IP Address Serving screen appears. IP Address Serving Mode... Number of Client IP Addresses: 1st Client Address: Client Default Gateway... Serve DHCP Clients: DHCP NetBIOS Options... Serve BOOTP Clients: Select IP Address Serving Mode.
Page 107: Connection Proﬁles
Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? On a Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, although only one can be used at a time, unless you are using VPNs.
Page 108 9-26 Administration Guide Select Proﬁle Name and enter a name for this connection proﬁle. It can be any name you wish. For example: the name of your ISP. Toggle the Proﬁle Enabled value to Yes or No. The default is Yes. Select IP Proﬁle Parameters and press Return.
Page 109 Select ADD PROFILE NOW and press Return. Your new connection proﬁle will be added. If you want to view the connection proﬁles in your router, return to the WAN Conﬁguration screen, and select Display/Change Connection Proﬁle. The list of connection proﬁles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen.
Page 110 9-28 Administration Guide...
Page 111: Chapter 10 - Multiple Network Address Translation
To help you understand some of the concepts discussed here, it may be helpful to introduce some NAT terminology. The term mapping refers to rules that associate one or more private addresses on the Netopia Router’s LAN to one or more public addresses on the Netopia Routers WAN interface (typically the Internet).
Page 112 IP address to which you would like to provide access. You may also deﬁne a speciﬁc public IP address to use for this service if you want to use an IP other than the WAN IP address of the Netopia Router.
Page 113: Wan Network
NAT. Dynamic NAT is intended to provide functionality beyond many-to-one and one-to-one translation. Netopia’s NAT implementation makes it possible to have a static mapping of one public address to one private address, thus allowing applications such as NetMeeting to work by assuring that any trafﬁc sent back to the source IP address is forwarded through to the internal machine.
Page 114 For example, if a connection is initiated from the public network and is destined for a public IP address conﬁgured on the Netopia Router, the following comparisons are made in this order. The Netopia Router ﬁrst checks its internal NAT cache to see if the data is part of a previously initiated connection, if not…...
Page 115: Supported Trafﬁc
In order to support this type of mapping, you deﬁne two address ranges. First, you deﬁne a public range which contains the ﬁrst and last public address to be used and the way in which these addresses should be used (PAT, static, or dynamic).
Page 116: Multinat Conﬁguration
IP proﬁle parameters, described on Easy Setup Proﬁle conﬁguration The screen below is an example. Depending on the type of router you are using, ﬁelds displayed in this screen may vary. Address Translation Enabled: IP Addressing... Local WAN IP Address:...
Page 117: Ip Setup
An example MultiNAT conﬁguration at the end of this chapter describes some applications for these features. See the MultiNAT Conﬁguration Example on page In order to conﬁgure the router to make servers on your LAN visible to the Internet, you use advanced features in the System Conﬁguration screens, described in IP setup To access the NAT conﬁguration screens, from the Main Menu navigate to IP Setup:...
Page 118 Static public address ranges must not overlap other static, PAT, public addresses, or the public address assigned to the router’s WAN interface. A PAT public address must not overlap any static address ranges. It may be the same as another PAT address or server list address, but the port range must not overlap.
Page 119 The Add NAT Public Range screen appears. Range Name: Type... Public Address: First Public Port: Last Public Port: ADD NAT PUBLIC RANGE Select Range Name and give a descriptive name to this range. Select Type and from the pop-up menu, assign its type. Options are static, dynamic, or pat (the default). If you choose pat as the range type, select Public Address and enter the exterior IP address in the range you want to assign.
Page 120 10-10 Administration Guide Once the public ranges have been assigned, the next step is to bind interior addresses to them. Because these bindings occur in ordered lists, called map lists, you must ﬁrst deﬁne the list, then add mappings to it. From the Network Address Translation screen select Add Map List and press Return.
Page 121 to this mapping. Select Use NAT Public Range and press Return. A screen appears displaying the public ranges you have deﬁned. +-Public Address Range------------Type----Name-------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 | 206.1.1.6 | 206.1.1.1 | <<NEW RANGE...>> +----------------------------------------------------------+ Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to cancel, Return/Enter to Delete. From the list of public ranges you deﬁned, select the one that you want to map to the interior range for this Multiple Network Address Translation 10-11 Add NAT Map ("my_map")
Page 122 10-12 Administration Guide mapping and press Return. If none of your preconﬁgured ranges are suitable for this mapping, you can select <<NEW RANGE>> and create a new range. If you choose <<NEW RANGE>>, the Add NAT Public Range screen displays and you can create a new public range to be used by this map.
Page 123: Modifying Map Lists
Modifying map lists You can make changes to an existing map list after you have created it. Since there may be more than one map list you must select which one you are modifying. From the Network Address Translation screen select Show/Change Map List and press Return. Select the map list you want to modify from the pop-up menu.
Page 124 10-14 Administration Guide Add Map allows you to add a new map to the map list. Show/Change Maps allows you to modify the individual maps within the list. Delete Map allows you to delete a map from the list. Move Map allows you to change the priority order in which the map is evaluated within the list. See maps on page 10-15.
Page 125: Moving Maps
Make any modiﬁcations you need and then select CHANGE NAT MAP and press Return. Your changes will become effective and you will be returned to the Show/Change NAT Map List screen. Moving maps The Move Maps screen permits reordering the priority of maps in a map list. Since the maps are read from top to bottom, those at the top have the highest priority and those at the bottom have the lowest.
Page 126 10-16 Administration Guide +---Private Address Range---------Type----Public Address Range------------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 192.168.1.2 | 192.168.1.252 | 192.168.1.1 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit. You can press Escape at any time in the pop-up menu to abort the move and restore the map list to its original ordering.
Page 127: Adding Server Lists
Adding Server Lists Server lists, also known as Exports, are handled similarly to map lists. If you want to make a particular server’s port accessible (and it isn’t accessible through other means, such as a static mapping), you must create a server list, or use the pre-existing Easy Servers list and add your entries to this list (preferred).
Page 128 10-18 Administration Guide Select Add Server and press Return. The Add NAT Server screen appears. Service... Server Private IP Address: Public IP Address: ADD NAT SERVER Select Service and press Return. A pop-up menu appears listing a selection of commonly exported services.
Page 129 Note: CUSeeMe (or other services that listen on speciﬁc ports) through MultiNat works as it did for non-MultiNat releases prior to version 4.4. In order to use CUSeeMe through the Netopia Router, you must export the ports 7648 and 7649. In MultiNat, you may use a port range export. Without the export, CUSeeMe will fail to work.
Page 130: Modifying Server Lists
10-20 Administration Guide Modifying server lists Once a server list exists, you can select it for modiﬁcation or deletion. Select Show/Change Server List from the Network Address Translation screen. Select the Server List Name you want to modify from the pop-up menu and press Return. Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit.
Page 131 Selecting Show/Change Server or Delete Server displays the same pop-up menu. +-Private Address--Public Address----Port------------+ +----------------------------------------------------+ Se| 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.254 Ad| 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.254 +----------------------------------------------------+ Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit. Select any server from the list and press Return. The Change NAT Server screen appears. Service...
Page 132: Deleting A Server
10-22 Administration Guide Deleting a server To delete a server from the list, select Delete Server from the Show/Change NAT Server List menu and press Return. A pop-up menu lists your conﬁgured servers. Select the one you want to delete and press Return. A dialog box asks you to conﬁrm your choice.
Page 133: Binding Map Lists And Server Lists
Binding Map Lists and Server Lists Once you have created your map lists and server lists, for most Netopia Router models you must bind them to a proﬁle, either a Connection Proﬁle or the Default Proﬁle. You do this in one of the following screens: IP proﬁle parameters...
Page 134 10-24 Administration Guide Select NAT Map List and press Return. A pop-up menu displays a list of your deﬁned map lists. Address Trans| Easy-PAT IP Addressing| my_map NAT Map List.| NAT Server Li| Local WAN IP | Remote IP Add| Remote IP Mas| Filter Set...| Remove Filter|...
Page 135: Ip Parameters (Wan Default Proﬁle)
IP Parameters (WAN Default Proﬁle) The Netopia 4741 in HDLC (Copper Mountain) Operation Mode supports a WAN default proﬁle that permits several parameters to be conﬁgured without an explicitly conﬁgured Connection Proﬁle. The procedure is similar to the procedure to bind map lists and server lists to a Connection Proﬁle.
Page 136 10-26 Administration Guide Select NAT Map List and press Return. A pop-up menu displays a list of your deﬁned map lists. Address Trans| <<None>> NAT Map List.| NAT Server Li| Filter Set (F| Remove Filter| Receive RIP: | Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit. Select the map list you want to bind to the default proﬁle and press Return.
Page 137: Nat Associations
NAT Associations Conﬁguration of map and server lists alone is not sufﬁcient to enable NAT for a WAN connection because map and server lists must be linked to a proﬁle that controls the WAN interface. This can be a Connection Proﬁle, a WAN Ethernet interface, a default proﬁle, or a default answer proﬁle.
Page 138 10-28 Administration Guide keys. Select the item by pressing Return to display a pop-up menu of all of your conﬁgured lists. Profile/Interface Name-------------Nat+------------------+Server List Name Easy Setup Profile Profile 01 Profile 02 Profile 03 Profile 04 Default Answer Profile Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit. Select the list name you want to assign and press Return again.
Page 139: Multinat Conﬁguration Example
Public IP addresses assigned by the ISP are 206.1.1.1 through 206.1.1.6 (255.255.255.248 subnet mask). Your internal devices have IP addresses of 192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.254 (255.255.255.0 subnet mask). Netopia Router's Ethernet address is: Web server's address is: Mail server's address is: FTP server's address is: In this example you will statically map the ﬁrst ﬁve public IP addresses (206.1.1.1 - 206.1.1.5) to the ﬁrst ﬁve...
Page 140 Default IP Gateway: IP Address Serving: Number of Client IP Addresses: 1st Client Address: PREVIOUS SCREEN Set up the basic IP & IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen. Then navigate to the Network Address Translation (NAT) screen. Main Menu Configuration...
Page 141 Select Show/Change Public Range, then Easy-PAT Range, and press Return. Enter the value your ISP assigned for your public address (206.1.1.6, in this example). Toggle Type to pat. Your public address is then mapped to the remaining private IP addresses using PAT. (If you were not using the Easy-PAT Range and Easy-PAT List that are created by default by using Easy Setup, you would have to deﬁne a public range and map list.
Page 142 You do this through either the NAT Associations screen or the proﬁle’s conﬁguration screens. The PAT part of this example setup will allow any user on the Netopia Router's LAN with an IP address in the range of 192.168.1.6 through 192.168.1.254 to initiate trafﬁc ﬂow to the outside world (for example, the Internet).
Page 143 IP address, 206.1.1.3. For the sake of this example, alias both services to 206.1.1.2. Now, as before, the PAT conﬁguration will allow any user on the Netopia Router's LAN with an IP address in the range of 192.168.1.6 through 192.168.1.254 to initiate trafﬁc ﬂow to the Internet.
Page 144 10-34 Administration Guide...
Page 145: Chapter 11 — Virtual Private Networks (Vpns)
(Internet). The Netopia 4741 can be used in VPNs either to initiate the connection or to answer it. When used in this way, the routers are said to be tunnelling through the public network (Internet). The advantages are that, like your long distance phone call, you don't need a direct line between one computer or LAN and the other, but use the local connections, making it much cheaper;...
Page 146 Netopia’s PPTP implementation is compatible with Microsoft’s and can function as either the client (PAC) or the server (PNS). As a client, a Netopia R-series router can provide all users on a LAN with secure access over the Internet to the resources of another LAN by setting up a tunnel with a Windows NT server running Remote Access Services (RAS) or with another Netopia Router.
Page 147: About Pptp Tunnels
This feature provides individuals at home, on the road, or in branch ofﬁces with a cost-effective and secure way to access resources on remote LANs connected to the Internet with Netopia Routers. The feature is built around three key technologies: PPTP, IPsec, and ATMP.
Page 148: Pptp Conﬁguration
11-4 Administration Guide PPTP conﬁguration To set up the router as a PPTP Network Server (PNS) capable of answering PPTP tunnel requests you must also conﬁgure the VPN Default Answer Proﬁle. See information. PPTP is a Datalink Encapsulation option in Connection Proﬁles. It is not an option in device or link conﬁguration screens, as PPTP is not a native encapsulation.
Page 149 If you do not specify the PPTP Partner IP Address, the router will use the default gateway to reach the partner and the Tunnel Via Gateway ﬁeld is hidden. If the partner should be reached via an alternate port (i.e.
Page 150 MS-CHAP version 1 (MS-CHAP-V1). When you choose MS-CHAP as the authentication method for the PPTP tunnel, the Netopia router will start negotiating MS-CHAP-V2. If the router you are connecting to does not support MS-CHAP-V2, it will fall back to MS-CHAP-V1, or, if the router you are connecting to does not support MPPE at all, the PPP session will be dropped.
Page 151: About Ipsec Tunnels
IPsec supports two encryption modes: Transport and Tunnel. Transport mode encrypts only the data portion (payload) of each packet, but leaves the header untouched. The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload. On the receiving side, an IPsec-compliant device decrypts each packet. Netopia Routers support the more secure Tunnel mode.
Page 152 11-8 Administration Guide The Add Connection Proﬁle screen appears. Profile Name: Profile Enabled: Data Link Encapsulation... Data Link Options... IP Profile Parameters... COMMIT From the Data Link Encapsulation pop-up menu select IPsec. Then select Data Link Options. The IPsec Encryption & Authentication Options screen appears. Encryption Transform...
Page 153 IPsec Encryption & Authentication Options Encryption Transform... Encryption Key: Authentication Type... Authentication Transform... Authentication Key: COMMIT Enter a key of 16 Hex digits, e.g. '1234567890ABCDEF' You must enter an Encryption Key if the Encryption Transform is DES. The key for DES must be a hexadecimal string of 16 characters, using Hex characters only: '0'-'9', 'A'-'F' and 'a' - 'f'.
Page 154: Ip Proﬁle Parameters
11-10 Administration Guide IP Proﬁle Parameters The following IP Proﬁle Options screen is displayed for an IPsec Connection Proﬁle. SPI (Security Parameters Index): Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address: Remote Members Network: Remote Members Mask: Address Translation Enabled: NAT Map List... NAT Server List... PAT IP Address: Filter Set...
Page 155: Advanced Ip Proﬁle Options
Next Hop Gateway option allows you to enter the address by which the gateway partner is reached. If you do not specify the Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address, the router will use the default gateway to reach the partner. If the partner should be reached via an alternate port (for example, the LAN instead of the WAN), the Next Hop Gateway ﬁeld allows this path to be resolved.
Page 156: Interoperation With Other Features
Notes: The Netopia 4741 supports 128-bit (“strong”) encryption when using PPTP tunnels. ATMP does not have an option of using 128-bit MPPE. If you are using ATMP between two Netopia routers you can optionally set 56-bit DES encryption. When you choose MS-CHAP as the authentication method for a PPTP tunnel, the Netopia router will start negotiating MS-CHAPv2.
Page 157: Atmp/Pptp Default Answer Proﬁle
The WAN Conﬁguration menu offers a ATMP/PPTP Default Answer Proﬁle option. Use this selection when your router is acting as the server for VPN connections, that is, when you are on the answering end of the tunnel establishment. The ATMP/PPTP Default Answer Proﬁle determines the way the attempted tunnel connection is answered.
Page 158: Vpn Quickview
11-14 Administration Guide default) if you do not. This applies to both ATMP and PPTP connections. For PPTP tunnel connections only, you must deﬁne what type of authentication these connections will use. Select Receive Authentication and press Return. A pop-up menu offers the following options: PAP (the default), CHAP, or MS-CHAP.
Page 159: Dial-Up Networking For Vpn
Microsoft Windows Dial-Up Networking software permits a remote standalone workstation to establish a VPN tunnel to a PPTP server such as a Netopia Router located at a central site. Dial-Up Networking also allows a mobile user who may not be connected to a PAC to dial into an intermediate ISP and establish a VPN tunnel to, for example, a corporate headquarters, remotely.
Page 160 Note: The public IP address is the same as the router's Local WAN IP address if Address Translation (NAT) is enabled on your router, or if your router is conﬁgured for a Numbered interface. If NAT is not enabled, and your router is conﬁgured for an Unnumbered interface, you will enter the Ethernet IP address of your router.
Page 161 Click OK.) 15. Type a name to identify your router in the Name the new phone book entry ﬁeld and click Next. Select I am calling the Internet and click Next. This conﬁgures the phone book entry to use TCP/IP and PPP as the Dial-up Networking protocols.
Page 162 Microsoft VPN Adapter as your device. Click Next. Follow the instructions in the next screen and type the Local WAN IP address of the router you are connecting to in the Host Name or IP Address ﬁeld. Note: If the router you are connecting to is not running NAT and has IP Addressing set to Unnumbered, there will be no Local WAN IP Address.
Page 163: About Atmp Tunnels
About ATMP Tunnels To set up an ATMP tunnel, you create a Connection Proﬁle including the IP address and other relevant information for the remote ATMP partner. ATMP uses the terminology of a foreign agent that initiates tunnels and a home agent that terminates them. You use the same procedure to initiate or terminate an ATMP tunnel. Used in this way, the terms initiate and terminate mean the beginning and end of the tunnel;...
Page 164 You can specify a Network Name. When the tunnel partner is another Netopia router, this name may be used to match against a Connection Proﬁle. When the partner is an Ascend router in Gateway mode, then Network Name is used by the Ascend router to match a gateway proﬁle.
Page 165: Allowing Vpns Through A Firewall
You must specify a Key String of up to (and including) 20 characters when DES is selected. When encryption is None, this ﬁeld is invisible. You can specify that this router will Initiate Connections, acting as a foreign agent (Yes), or only answer them, acting as a home agent (No).
Page 166 11-22 Administration Guide A strict ﬁrewall may not be provisioned to allow VPN trafﬁc to pass back and forth as needed. In order to ensure that a ﬁrewall will allow a VPN, certain attributes must be added to the ﬁrewall's provisioning. The provisions necessary vary slightly between ATMP and PPTP, but both protocols operate on the same basic premise: there are control and negotiation operations, and there is the tunnelled trafﬁc that carries the payload of data between the VPN endpoints.
Page 167: Pptp Example
PPTP example To enable a ﬁrewall to allow PPTP trafﬁc, you must provision the ﬁrewall to allow inbound and outbound TCP packets speciﬁcally destined for port 1723. The source port may be dynamic, so often it is not useful to apply a compare function upon this portion of the control/negotiation packets.
Page 168 11-24 Administration Guide For Input Filter 2 set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below. Enabled: Forward: Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: Dest. IP Address: Dest. IP Address Mask: Protocol Type: In the Display/Change IP Filter Set screen select Display/Change Output Filter. Display/Change Output Filter screen +-#----Source IP Addr----Dest IP Addr------Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 169 For Output Filter 2 set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below. Enabled: Forward: Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: Dest. IP Address: Dest. IP Address Mask: Protocol Type: Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 11-25 Change Output Filter 2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0...
Page 170: Atmp Example
11-26 Administration Guide ATMP example To enable a ﬁrewall to allow ATMP trafﬁc, you must provision the ﬁrewall to allow inbound and outbound UDP packets speciﬁcally destined for port 5150. The source port may be dynamic, so often it is not useful to apply a compare function on this portion of the control/negotiation packets.
Page 171 For Input Filter 2 set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below. Enabled: Forward: Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: Dest. IP Address: Dest. IP Address Mask: Protocol Type: In the Display/Change IP Filter Set screen select Display/Change Output Filter. Display/Change Output Filter screen +-#----Source IP Addr----Dest IP Addr------Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 172 11-28 Administration Guide For Output Filter 2 set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below. Enabled: Forward: Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: Dest. IP Address: Dest. IP Address Mask: Protocol Type: Change Output Filter 2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0...
Page 173: Suggested Security Measures
User Accounts When you ﬁrst set up and conﬁgure the Netopia 4741, no passwords are required to access the conﬁguration screens. Anyone could tamper with the router’s conﬁguration by simply connecting it to a console. However, by adding user accounts, you can protect the most sensitive screens from unauthorized access. User accounts are composed of name/password combinations that can be given to authorized users.
Page 174 12-2 Administration Guide CAUTION! You are strongly encouraged to add protection to the conﬁguration screens. Unprotected screens could allow an unauthorized user to compromise the operation of your entire network. Once user accounts are created, users who attempt to access protected screens will be challenged. Users who enter an incorrect name or password are returned to a screen requesting a name/password combination to access the Main Menu.
Page 175: Telnet Access
Return to delete it. To exit the list without deleting the selected account, press Escape. Telnet Access Telnet is a TCP/IP service that allows remote terminals to access hosts on an IP network. The Netopia 4741 supports Telnet access to its conﬁguration screens.
Page 176: About Filters And Filter Sets
ﬁlters to control network communications can greatly improve your network’s security. The Netopia 4741’s packet ﬁlters are designed to provide security for the Internet connections made to and from your network. You can customize the router’s ﬁlter sets for a variety of packet ﬁltering applications.
Page 177 Filter priority Continuing the customs inspectors analogy, imagine the inspectors lined up to examine a package. If the package matches the ﬁrst inspector’s criteria, the package is either rejected or passed on to its destination, depending on the ﬁrst inspector’s particular orders. In this case, the package is never seen by the remaining inspectors.
Page 178: How Individual Filters Work
This rule applies to Telnet packets that come from a host with the IP address 199.211.211.17. If a match occurs, the packet is blocked. Here is what this rule looks like when implemented as a ﬁlter on the Netopia 4741: +-#--Source IP Addr--Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ 199.211.211.17...
Page 179 Internet service Telnet SMTP (mail) Gopher Internet service Who Is World Wide Web SNMP TFTP Port number comparisons A ﬁlter can also use a comparison option to evaluate a packet’s source or destination port number. The comparison options are: No Compare: No comparison of the port number speciﬁed in the ﬁlter with the packet’s port number. Not Equal To: For the ﬁlter to match, the packet’s port number cannot equal the port number speciﬁed in the ﬁlter.
Page 180 12-8 Administration Guide Other ﬁlter attributes There are three other attributes to each ﬁlter: The ﬁlter’s order (i.e., priority) in the ﬁlter set Whether the ﬁlter is currently active Whether the ﬁlter is set to forward packets or to block (discard) packets Putting the parts together When you display a ﬁlter set, its ﬁlters are displayed as rows in a table: +-#---Source IP Addr---Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+...
Page 181 Src. Port: The source port to match. This is the port on the sending host that originated the packet. D. Port: The destination port to match. This is the port on the receiving host for which the packet is intended. On?: Displays Yes when the ﬁlter is in effect or No when it is not.
Page 182: Design Guidelines
12-10 Administration Guide Filtering example #2 Suppose a ﬁlter is conﬁgured to block all incoming IP packets with the source IP address of 200.233.14.0, regardless of the type of connection or its destination. The ﬁlter would look like this: +-#---Source IP Addr---Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ 200.233.14.0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 183: Working With Ip Filters And Filter Sets
option in the answer proﬁle, PAP or CHAP in connection proﬁles, callback, and general awareness of how your network may be vulnerable. An approach to using ﬁlters The ultimate goal of network security is to prevent unauthorized access to the network without compromising authorized access.
Page 184: Adding A Filter Set
You can create up to eight different custom ﬁlter sets. Each ﬁlter set can contain up to 256 ﬁlters. For more information, refer to Netopia Tech Notes NIR_052 and NIR_066 found on the Netopia website. To add a new ﬁlter set, select Add IP Filter Set in the IP Filter Sets screen and press Return. The Add Filter Set screen appears.
Page 185 The Netopia R-Series Router Packets in the Netopia 4741 pass through an input ﬁlter if they originate in the WAN and through an output ﬁlter if they’re being sent out to the WAN. The process for adding input and output ﬁlters is exactly the same. The main difference between the two involves their reference to source and destination.
Page 186 12-14 Administration Guide Enter the IP specific information for this filter. To make the ﬁlter active in the ﬁlter set, select Enabled and toggle it to Yes. If Enabled is toggled to No, the ﬁlter can still exist in the ﬁlter set, but it will have no effect. If you want the ﬁlter to forward packets that match its criteria to the destination IP address, select Forward and toggle it to Yes.
Page 187: Viewing Filter Sets
10. When you are ﬁnished conﬁguring the ﬁlter, select ADD THIS FILTER NOW to save the ﬁlter in the ﬁlter set. Select CANCEL to discard the ﬁlter and return to the Add IP Filter Set screen. Viewing ﬁlters To display a view-only table of input or output ﬁlters, select Display/Change Input Filter or Display/Change Output Filter in the Add IP Filter Set screen.
Page 188: Deleting A Filter Set
ﬁlter set. A sample IP ﬁlter set This section contains the settings for a ﬁlter set called Basic Firewall, which is part of the Netopia 4741’s factory conﬁguration. Basic Firewall blocks undesirable trafﬁc originating from the WAN (in most cases, the Internet), but forwards all trafﬁc originating from the LAN.
Page 189 The ﬁve input ﬁlters and one output ﬁlter that make up Basic Firewall are shown in the table below. Input ﬁlter Setting Enabled Forward Source IP 0.0.0.0 address Source IP 0.0.0.0 address mask Dest. IP 0.0.0.0 address Dest. IP 0.0.0.0 address mask Protocol type Source port...
Page 190 12-18 Administration Guide Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that want to access servers on the WAN, but not for a LAN containing servers providing services to clients on the WAN. Basic Firewall’s general strategy is to explicitly forward WAN-originated TCP and UDP trafﬁc to ports greater than 1023.
Page 191: Firewall Tutorial
FTP sessions. To allow WAN-originated FTP sessions to a LAN-based FTP server with the IP address a.b.c.d (corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163.176.8.243), insert the following input ﬁlter ahead of the current input ﬁlter 1: Enabled: Yes Forward: Yes Source IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Source IP Address Mask: 0.0.0.0...
Page 192: Basic Ip Packet Components
12-20 Administration Guide Basic IP packet components All IP packets contain the same basic header information, as follows: This header information is what the packet ﬁlter uses to make ﬁltering decisions. It is important to note that a packet ﬁlter does not look into the IP data stream (the User Data from above) to make ﬁltering decisions. Basic protocol types TCP: Transmission Control Protocol.
Page 193: Firewall Design Rules
Firewall design rules There are two basic rules to ﬁrewall design: “What is not explicitly allowed is denied.” “What is not explicitly denied is allowed.” The ﬁrst rule is far more secure, and is the best approach to ﬁrewall design. It is far easier (and more secure) to allow in or out only certain services and deny anything else.
Page 194 12-22 Administration Guide Logical AND function When a packet is compared (in most cases) a logical AND function is performed. First the IP addresses and subnet masks are converted to binary and then combined with AND. The rules for the logical use of AND are as follows: 0 AND 0 = 0 0 AND 1 = 0...
Page 195: Filter Basics
In the source or destination IP address ﬁelds, the IP address that is entered must be the network address of the subnet. A host address can be entered, but the applied subnet mask must be 32 bits (255.255.255.255). The Netopia 4741 has the ability to compare source and destination TCP or UDP ports. These options are as follows:...
Page 196: Example Filters
IP Address 200.1.1.28 255.255.255.128 This incoming IP packet has a source IP address that matches the network address in the Source IP Address ﬁeld (00000000) in the Netopia 4741. This will not forward this packet. Incoming Packet Filter Netopia 200.1.1.0 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.128...
Page 197 IP Address 200.1.1.184 255.255.255.240 Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia 4741 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 1011000, this rule does not match and this packet will be forwarded. 200.1.1.0 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.128...
Page 198 IP Address 200.1.1.104 255.255.255.240 Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia 4741 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this rule does match and this packet will not be forwarded. Example 5 Filter Rule: Incoming packet has the source address of 200.1.1.96.
Page 199: Lan Ip Filtersets
Security 12-27 LAN IP Filtersets The Netopia 4741 offers LAN-side ﬁltering on the Ethernet hub. This permits multiple IP addresses or subnets on the Ethernet LAN to be kept separate from one another and operate as virtual independent networks sharing a single Internet connection.
Page 200 12-28 Administration Guide Any customized ﬁlter set you create can be associated with the Ethernet hub as shown below: Security Databases... RADIUS Server Addr/Name: RADIUS Server Secret: Alt RADIUS Server Addr/Name: Alt RADIUS Server Secret: RADIUS Identifer: RADIUS Server Authentication Port: 1812 LAN (EN Hub) IP Filter Set...
Page 201 Security 12-29 To remove the ﬁlter set from the Ethernet hub interface, select Remove Filter Set and press Return. The ﬁlter set will be disconnected from the LAN interface. Note: Removing the ﬁlter set from the LAN does not delete the ﬁlter set. It is still available to be reassociated with the same or another interface, or modiﬁed further.
Page 202 WAN connectivity access authentication. The Netopia 4741 has the ability to authenticate users seeking console conﬁguration access by using a remote authentication database maintained by a RADIUS server. It supports four security database modes:...
Page 203 Choosing RADIUS Only causes the router to ignore the local database and to authenticate users using the conﬁgured RADIUS server. Choosing RADIUS then Local causes the router to attempt to authenticate a user ﬁrst using a RADIUS server and then, if that fails, using the local authentication database.
Page 204: Warning Alerts
In addition to specifying the server’s hostname or IP address, you must also specify a RADIUS Server Secret and an Alt RADIUS Server Secret (if conﬁgured) known to both the router and the RADIUS server. The secret is used to encrypt RADIUS transactions in transit. The RADIUS Server Secret items are limited to 31 characters.
Page 205 Advanced Security Optio| Password for This Scree+-------------+): Note: Any RADIUS server database entry that will be used to authenticate users attempting to gain console access to a Netopia device must specify the Administrative service type (Service-Type 6). Security Options CONTINUE...
Page 206 12-34 Administration Guide...
Page 207: Quick View Status Overview
“SNMP” on page 13-13 Quick View Status Overview You can get a useful, overall status report from the Netopia 4741 in the Quick View screen. To go to the Quick View screen, select Quick View in the Main Menu. The Quick View screen has three status sections:...
Page 208: General Status
Unused Memory: The total remaining system memory available for use. Primary DNS Server: If you are using the router’s defaults (DHCP and NAT) this value will be 0.0.0.0. If you have assigned an IP address as your primary domain name server, it is shown here.
Page 209: Current Status
Status lights This section shows the current real-time status of the Netopia 4741’s status lights (LEDs). It is useful for remotely monitoring the router’s status. The Quick View screen’s arrangement of LEDs corresponds to the physical arrangement of LEDs on the router. The active voice ports are also indicated.
Page 210: Statistics & Logs
You can view two different event histories: one for the router’s system and one for the WAN. The Netopia 4741’s built-in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shutdown or reset.
Page 211: Wan Event History
WAN Event History The WAN Event History screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. -Date-----Time-----Event------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 07/03/98 13:59:06 07/03/98 13:59:05 07/03/98 13:59:05 >>WAN: data link activated at 1040 Kbps 07/03/98 13:58:32 --Device restarted----------------------------------------- 07/03/98 12:46:39 --Device restarted----------------------------------------- 07/03/98 11:45:57 --Device restarted-----------------------------------------...
Page 212 13-6 Administration Guide In the Statistics & Logs screen, select Device Event History. The Device Event History screen appears. -Date-----Time-----Event------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 01/18/01 08:25:42 01/18/01 08:25:40 --BOOT: Cold start v5.0 ----------------------------------- 01/17/01 11:21:13 01/17/01 11:21:11 --BOOT: Warm start v5.0 ----------------------------------- 01/17/01 11:21:00 ---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN---------------------------------- Clear History...
Page 213: Voice Logs
Voice Logs Voice Log The Voice Log screen lists a total of 128 voice-related events, giving the time and date for each event, as well as a brief description. The most recent events appear at the top. In the Statistics & Logs screen, select Voice Log. The Voice Log screen appears. -Date-----Time---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 01/05/01 11:03:27...
Page 214: Voice Accounting Log
13-8 Administration Guide Voice Accounting Log The Voice Accounting Log screen lists a total of 128 voice-related events, giving the time and date for each event, as well as a brief description. The most recent events appear at the top. In the Statistics &...
Page 215: Ip Routing Table
IP Routing Table In the Statistics & Logs screen, select IP Routing Table and press Return. The IP routing table displays all of the IP routes currently known to the Netopia 4741. Network Address-Subnet Mask-----via Router------Port------------------Type---- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1...
Page 216: Served Ip Addresses
13-10 Administration Guide Served IP Addresses You can view all of the IP addresses currently being served by the Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device from the Served IP Addresses screen. From the Statistics & Logs menu, select Served IP Addresses. The Served IP Addresses screen appears.
Page 217: General Statistics
Network----------Rx Bytes---Tx Bytes---Rx Pkts---Tx Pkts----Rx Err----Tx Err The General Statistics screen displays information about data trafﬁc on the Netopia 4741’s data ports. This information is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting your LAN. Note that the counters roll over at their maximum ﬁeld width, that is, they restart again at 0.
Page 218 13-12 Administration Guide Physical Interface The top left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted for the following data ports: Ethernet Hub SDSL 1 Network Interface The bottom left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted for the following protocols: IP (IP packets on the Ethernet) The right side of the table lists the total number of occurrences of each of six types of communication...
Page 219: System Information
Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) Netopia MIB These MIBs are on the Netopia 4741 CD included with the Netopia 4741. Load these MIBs into your SNMP management software in the order they are listed here. Follow the instructions included with your SNMP manager on how to load MIBs.
Page 220: The Snmp Setup Screen
Select System Contact and enter the name of the person responsible for maintaining the router. System Name, System Location, and System Contact set the values returned by the Netopia 4741 SNMP agent for the SysName, SysLocation, and SysContact objects, respectively, in the MIB II system group. Although optional, the information you enter in these items can help a system administrator manage the network more efﬁciently.
Page 221: Snmp Traps
SNMP traps An SNMP trap is an informational message sent from an SNMP agent (in this case, the Netopia 4741) to a manager. When a manager receives a trap, it may log the trap as well as generate an alert message of its own.
Page 222 13-16 Administration Guide Return/Enter to modify an existing Trap Receiver. Navigate from here to view, add, modify and delete IP Trap Receivers. Setting the IP trap receivers Select Add IP Trap Receiver. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name. Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap.
Page 223: Chapter 14 — Utilities And Diagnostics
A number of utilities and tests are available for system diagnostic and control purposes. This section covers the following topics: “Ping” on page 14-2 “Trace Route” on page 14-4 “Telnet Client” on page 14-5 “Disconnect Telnet Console Session” on page 14-6 “Factory Defaults”...
Page 224: Ping
(Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the target host receives a Ping packet, it returns a packet to the original sender. Ping allows you to see whether a particular IP destination is reachable from the Netopia 4741. You can also ascertain the quality and reliability of the connection to the desired destination by studying the Ping test’s statistics.
Page 225 Ping packets. Note that the second return Ping packet is considered to be late because it is not received by the Netopia 4741 before the third Ping packet is sent. The ﬁrst and third return Ping packets are on time.
Page 226: Trace Route
The time-to-live (TTL) value for each Ping packet sent by the Netopia 4741 is 255, the maximum allowed. The TTL value deﬁnes the number of IP routers that the packet can traverse. Ping packets that reach their TTL value are dropped, and a “destination unreachable”...
Page 227: Telnet Client
Select Use Reverse DNS to learn the names of the routers between the Netopia Router and the destination router. The default is Yes. Select START TRACE ROUTE and press Return. A scrolling screen will appear that lists the destination, number of hops, IP addresses of each hop, and DNS names, if selected.
Page 228: Disconnect Telnet Console Session
If you select Continue, you will immediately terminate your session. Factory Defaults You can reset the Netopia 4741 to its factory default settings. In the Utilities & Diagnostics screen, select Revert to Factory Defaults and press Return. Select CONTINUE in the dialog box and press Return. The Netopia 4741 will reboot and its settings will return to the factory defaults, deleting your conﬁgurations.
Page 229: Transferring Conﬁguration And Firmware Files With Tftp
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a method of transferring data over an IP network. TFTP is a client-server application, with the router as the client. To use the Netopia 4741 as a TFTP client, a TFTP server must be available.
Page 230: Downloading Conﬁguration Files
Some models do not support all ﬁrmware versions. Loading an incorrect ﬁrmware version can permanently damage the unit. Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia 4741 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged. If you choose to download the ﬁrmware, the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Firmware.
Page 231: Uploading Conﬁguration Files
Using TFTP, you can send a ﬁle containing a snapshot of the router’s current conﬁguration to a TFTP server. The ﬁle can then be downloaded by a different Netopia 4741 unit to conﬁgure its parameters (see conﬁguration ﬁles” on page 14-8).
Page 232: Transferring Conﬁguration And Firmware Files With Xmodem
14-10 Administration Guide Transferring Conﬁguration and Firmware Files with XMODEM You can transfer conﬁguration and ﬁrmware ﬁles with XMODEM through the Netopia 4741’s console port. Be sure your terminal emulation program supports XMODEM ﬁle transfers. To go to the X-Modem File Transfer screen, select it in the Utilities & Diagnostics menu.
Page 233: Downloading Conﬁguration Files
The system will reset at the end of a successful ﬁle transfer to put the new ﬁrmware into effect. While the system resets, the LEDs will blink on and off. Caution! Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia 4741 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged. Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles The Netopia 4741 can be conﬁgured by downloading a conﬁguration ﬁle.
Page 234: Restarting The System
The system will reset at the end of a successful ﬁle transfer to put the new conﬁguration into effect. Uploading conﬁguration ﬁles A ﬁle containing a snapshot of the Netopia 4741’s current conﬁguration can be uploaded from the router to disk. The ﬁle can then be downloaded by a different Netopia 4741 to conﬁgure its parameters (see “Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles,”...
Page 236 Administration Guide...
Page 237: Conﬁguration Problems
Netopia 4741. It also includes information on how to contact Netopia Technical Support. Important information on these problems can be found in the event histories kept by the Netopia 4741. These event histories can be accessed in the Statistics & Logs screen.
Page 238: Console Connection Problems
Note: If you are attempting to modify the IP address or subnet mask from a previous, successful conﬁguration attempt, you will need to clear the IP address or reset your Netopia 4741 to the factory default before reinitiating the conﬁguration process. For further information on resetting your Netopia 4741 to factory default, “Factory Defaults”...
Page 239: How To Reset The Netopia 4741 To Factory Defaults
Power Outages If you suspect that power was restored after a power outage and the Netopia 4741 is connected to a remote site, you may need to switch the Netopia 4741 off and then back on again. After temporary power outages, a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected.
Page 240: Technical Support
If you contact us by telephone, please be ready to supply Netopia Technical Support with the information you used to conﬁgure the Netopia 4741. Also, please be at the site of the problem and prepared to reproduce it and to try some troubleshooting steps.
Page 241 Online product information Product information can be found in the following: Netopia World Wide Web server via http://www.netopia.com Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp.netopia.com/pub FAX-Back This service provides technical notes that answer the most commonly asked questions and offers solutions for many common problems encountered with Netopia products.
Page 242 A-6 Administration Guide...
Page 243: What I Ip?"
This appendix is a brief general introduction to IP addressing. A basic understanding of IP will help you in conﬁguring the Netopia 4741 and using some of its powerful features, such as static routes and packet ﬁltering. This section covers the following topics: “What is IP?”...
Page 244: Subnets And Subnet Masks
B-2 Administration Guide IP addresses are maintained and assigned by the InterNIC, a quasi-governmental organization now increasingly under the auspices of private industry. Note: It’s very common for an organization to obtain an IP address from a third party, usually an Internet service provider (ISP).
Page 245: Example: Using Subnets On A Class C Ip Internet
When setting up IP routing with a Class A address, or even with multiple Class C addresses, subnetting is fairly straightforward. Subnetting a single Class C address between two networks, however, is more complex. This section describes the general procedures for subnetting a single Class C network between two Netopia routers so that each can have Internet access.
Page 246 Below is a diagram of a simple network conﬁguration. The ISP is providing a Class C address to the customer site, and both networks A and B want to gain Internet access through this address. Netopia 4741 B connects to...
Page 247: Example: Working With A Class C Subnet
ISP's equipment. The most important item in this conﬁguration is the static route deﬁned on Router B. This tells Router B what path to take to get to the network deﬁned by Netopia 4741 B. Without this information, Customer Site B will be able to access Customer Site A, but not the Internet.
Page 248: Technical Note On Subnet Masking
ISP supplies if you are conﬁguring the router for a static IP address. However, the Netopia 4741 and all devices on the same local network must have the same subnet mask. If you require a different class address, you can edit the IP Mask ﬁeld to enter the correct address.
Page 249: Conﬁguration
DHCP address lease for one hour. The number of devices a Netopia 4741 can serve DHCP to is 512. This is imposed by global limits on the size of the address serving database, which is shared by all address serving functions active in the router.
Page 250: Manually Distributing Ip Addresses
Once the Mac workstation requests and receives a valid address, the Netopia 4741 actively checks for the workstation’s existence once every minute. For a dynamic address, the Netopia 4741 releases the address back to the address pool after it has lost contact with the Mac workstation for over 2 minutes.
Page 251: Tips And Rules For Distributing Ip Addresses
In any situation where a device is dialing into a Netopia router, the router may need to be conﬁgured to serve IP via the WAN interface. This is only a requirement if the calling device has not been conﬁgured locally to know what its address(es) are.
Page 252 (199.1.1.49, 199.1.1.50, and 199.1.1.51). The DHCP server would not initialize if set incorrectly. Distributed to the (Ethernet IP address) Pool of addresses distributed Netopia 4741 Manually distributed (static) by MacIP and DHCP...
Page 253: Nested Ip Subnets
The ﬁgure shows a possible network conﬁguration following this scheme. The main network is set up with the Class C address a.b.c.0, and contains Router A (which could be a Netopia 4741), a Netopia 4741, and a number of other hosts. Router A maintains a link to the Internet and can be used as the default gateway.
Page 254 B-12 Administration Guide Routers B and C (which could also be Netopia 4741s) serve the two remote networks that are subnets of a.b.c.0. The subnetting is accomplished by conﬁguring the Netopia 4741 with connection proﬁles for Routers B and C (see the following table).
Page 255: Broadcasts
These two protocols specify two different ways to organize the very ﬁrst signals in the sequence of electrical signals that make up an IP packet travelling over Ethernet. By default, the Netopia 4741 uses Ethernet packet headers for IP trafﬁc. If your network requires 802.3 IP framing, you must conﬁgure this through SNMP.
Page 256 B-14 Administration Guide...
Page 257 This table is provided to help you choose subnet numbers and host numbers for IP and MacIP networks that use subnetting for IP addresses. Decimal Binary 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 10000 10001 10010 10011 10100 10101 10110 10111 11000...
Page 258 C-2 Administration Guide Decimal Binary 10000000 10000001 10000010 10000011 10000100 10000101 10000110 10000111 10001000 10001001 10001010 10001011 10001100 10001101 10001110 10001111 10010000 10010001 10010010 10010011 10010100 10010101 10010110 10010111 10011000 10011001 10011010 10011011 10011100 10011101 10011110 10011111 Decimal Binary Decimal 10100000 10100001 10100010...
Page 259 Further Reading D-1 Alexander, S. and R. Droms, DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions, RFC 2131, Silicon Graphics, Inc., Bucknell University, PA, 1997. Black, U., Data Networks: Concepts, Theory and Practice, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989. Black, U., Physical Level Interfaces and Protocols, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, 1988. Black, U., Emerging Communications Technologies, PTR Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994.
Page 260 D-2 Administration Guide LaQuey, Tracy, The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA, 1994. Leinwand, A., and K. Fang, Network Management: A Practical Perspective, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA, 1993. Levine, John R., and Carol Baroudi, The Internet for Dummies, IDG Books Worldwide, Foster City, CA, 1993. Covers all of the most popular Internet services, including e-mail, newsgroups, and the World Wide Web.
Page 261 Further Reading D-3 Stallings, W. Local Networks, 3rd ed., Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, NY, 1990. Stevens, W.R., TCP/IP Illustrated, Vol 1, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, MA, 1994. Sunshine, C.A. (ed.), Computer Network Architectures and Protocols, 2nd ed., Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1989.
Page 262 D-4 Administration Guide...
Page 263: Description
12” (w) x 9.5” (d) x 1.75” (h) Communications interfaces: The Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device has an RJ-48 jack for ADSL line connections; a 10/100Base-T Ethernet port for your LAN connection; 4 telephone extension jacks; and a DB-9 Console port.
Page 264: Agency Approvals
E-2 Administration Guide Agency Approvals North America Safety Approvals: United States – UL Standard for Information Technology Equipment, UL 60950, Third Edition, Dated December 1, 2000 Canada – CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 950-95 Network Safety: FCC Part 68 Canada – ICOS EMI: FCC Part 15 Class B International...
Page 265 It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to our Company or to one of our authorized agents. Service can be obtained at Netopia, Inc., 2470 Mariner Square Loop, Alameda, California, 94501. Important This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components.
Page 266 E-4 Administration Guide Declaration for Canadian users The Canadian Industry Canada label identiﬁes certiﬁed equipment. This certiﬁcation means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operation, and safety requirements. The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction. Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company.
Page 267: Important Safety Instructions
Important Safety instructions CAUTIONS CAUTION: Depending on the power supply provided with the product, either the direct plug-in power supply blades, power supply cord plug or the appliance coupler serves as the mains power disconnect. It is important that the direct plug-in power supply, socket-outlet or appliance coupler be located so it is readily accessible. CAUTION (North America Only): For use only with a CSA Certiﬁed or UL Listed Limited Power Source or Class 2 power supply, rated 12Vdc, 1.5A.
Page 268: Radius Client Support
E-6 Administration Guide Netopia 4741 Speciﬁcations Physical interface WAN interface ADSL port with support for asymmetric connections from 32 Kbps to 8.064 Mbps downstream (uses RJ-48 connector) and 32 Kbps to 1.024 Mbps upstream. Interoperable with any G.992.1 (G.dmt), G.992.2 (G.lite), or TI.413 Issue II equipment.
Page 269 Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) Client: Allows remote upload and download ﬁrmware and conﬁguration ﬁles directly to the router Integrated Management Utilities: ICMP Ping: Tests IP connectivity from router to local or remote site. Trace Route: Determines routing path to particular host name or IP address. Telnet Client: Provides remote management access to Telnet hosts on the LAN and WAN.
Page 270: Voice Features
E-8 Administration Guide Hardware speciﬁcations Environmental Requirement: Operating: 0 to +40 C. Storage: 0 to +70 C (20 to 80% non-condensing) Power Requirements: AC 100-240 V; 50/60 Hz; 1.5A Dimensions: 11.8" (299.7 mm) Wide X 1.7" (43.2 mm) High X 9.2" (233.7 mm) Long Weight: 2.25 lb.
Page 271 Beyond this point the wire is considered inside wiring. ADSL: The Netopia 4741 ADSL Integrated Access Device (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) technology uses standard copper phone lines to send a digital signal between two points. Because the signal stays digital and does not go through the public switched telephone network, ADSL allows a much faster data connection.
Page 272 (0 through F) represents four binary bits. Do not confuse the Ethernet address of a device with its network address. ﬁrmware: System software stored in a device’s memory that controls the device. The Netopia 4741’s ﬁrmware can be updated.
Page 273 Media Access Control (MAC) address: This 48 bit address is assigned by the device manufacturer for its Ethernet connection. All Netopia 4741 units have MAC addresses of the form 00-C5-9X-XX-XX-XX. Each byte is represented as a conventional two digit hexadecimal number.
Page 274 4 Administration Guide NAT (Network Address Translation): A feature that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia ISDN Router and the Internet using a single IP address, instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network.
Page 275 WANs can span a state, a country, or even the world. WAN IP: In addition to being a router, the Netopia ISDN Router is also an IP address server. There are four protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses over the WAN which include: DHCP, BootP, IPCP, and MacIP. WAN...
Page 276 6 Administration Guide wiring closet: A central location where a building’s telephone and network wiring is connected. Multi-story buildings often have a main wiring closet in the basement and satellite wiring closets on each ﬂoor.
Page 277 10Base-T, connecting 4-3 add static route 9-8 ADSL deﬁned 1 advanced conﬁguration features 8-22 application software 4-2 ATMP 11-12 tunnel options 11-19 back panel 2-4 ports 2-4 basic ﬁrewall 12-17 BootP 9-10 clients 9-16 broadcasts B-13 capabilities 1-1 change static route 9-9 community strings 13-14 Complex maps 10-4 conﬁguration...
Page 278 DSL 1 Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) 9-10 Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol, see DHCP Dynamic mapping 10-2 Dynamic WAN 9-10 Easy Setup connection proﬁle 6-7 IP setup 6-8 navigating 5-5 overview 6-1 quick connection path 6-3 encryption 11-3 11-7 11-12 Ethernet event history device 13-5...
Page 279 11-3 PVC 8-3 Quick View 13-1 RADIUS 12-30 restarting the system 14-12 restricting telnet access 12-3 RIP 9-3 router to serve IP addresses to hosts 9-1 routing tables IP 9-6 scheduled connections adding 8-17 deleting 8-20 modifying 8-20...
Page 280 ATMP 11-19 PPTP 11-3 tunneling 11-2 updating ﬁrmware with TFTP 14-7 with XMODEM 14-10 updating Netopia’s ﬁrmware 14-7 uploading conﬁguration ﬁles 14-9 with TFTP 14-9 with XMODEM 14-12 user accounts 12-1 utilities and diagnostics 14-1 viewing scheduled connections 8-16...
Page 281 PPTP tunnel options 11-4 event history 13-5 statistics 13-11 WAN event history 13-5 Windows NT Domain Name 11-6 XMODEM 14-10 XMODEM ﬁle transfers downloading conﬁguration ﬁles 14-11 updating ﬁrmware 14-10 uploading conﬁguration ﬁles 14-12 Index-5...
Page 282 Index-6...
Page 283 Netopia’s entire liability and your sole remedy under this warranty during the warranty period is that Netopia shall, at its option, either repair the Product or refund the original purchase price of the Product. In order to make a claim under this warranty you must comply with the following procedure: Contact Netopia Customer Service within the warranty period to obtain a Return Materials Authorization (“RMA”) number.
Page 284 Administration Guide...

This manual is also suitable for:

4741

Netopia 4741 2A4NA Administration Manual

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Chapter 2 - Making the Physical Connections

Chapter 3 - Sharing the Connection

Chapter 4 - Connecting to Your Local Network

Chapter 5 - Console-Based Management

Chapter 6 - Easy Setup

Chapter 7 - Voice Conﬁguration

Chapter 8 - WAN and System Configuration

Chapter 9 - IP Setup

Chapter 10 - Multiple Network Address Translation

Chapter 11 — Virtual Private Networks (Vpns)

Chapter 12 - Security

Chapter 13 — Monitoring Tools

Chapter 14 — Utilities and Diagnostics

Appendix A - Troubleshooting

Appendix B - Understanding IP Addressing

Appendix C - Binary Conversion Table

Appendix D - Further Reading

Appendix E - Technical Specifications and Safety Information

Quick Links

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Summary of Contents for Netopia 4741 2A4NA