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"Environmental Protection Agency
"Federal Communications Commission
"Occupational Safety and Health Administration
"National Telecommunications and Information Administration
The National Institutes of Health participates in some interagency working group
activities, as well.
FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wireless phones with the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC). All phones that are sold in the United States
must comply with FCC safety guidelines that limit RF exposure. FCC relies on FDA
and other health agencies for safety questions about wireless phones.
FCC also regulates the base stations that the wireless phone networks rely upon.
While these base stations operate at higher power than do the wireless phones
themselves, the RF exposures that people get from these base stations are typically
thousands of times lower than those they can get from wireless phones. Base
stations are thus not the primary subject of the safety questions discussed in this
docu
ment.
What
are the results of the research done already?
The r
esearch done thus far has produced conflicting results, and many studies
suffer
ed from flaws in their research methods. Animal experiments investigatin
effects
of radio frequency energy (RF) exposures characteristic of wireless pho
have y
ielded conflicting results that often cannot be repeated in other laborator
few a
nimal studies, however, have suggested that low levels of RF could accel
the d
evelopment of cancer in laboratory animals. However, many of the studie
show
ed increased tumor development used animals that had been genetically
engin
eered or treated with cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed
devel
op cancer in absence of RF exposure. Other studies exposed the animal
RF for up to 22 hours per day. These conditions are not similar to the conditions
under which people use wireless phones, so we don't know with certainty what the
results of such studies mean for human health.
Three large epidemiology stu
Between them, the studies inve
wireless phones and primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic
neuroma, tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers. None of
the studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health effects from wireless
phones RF exposures. However, none of the studies can answer questions about
long-term exposures, since the average period of phone use in these studies was
around three years.
What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from wireless phones
poses a health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies of people actually
using wireless phones would provide some of the data that are needed. Lifetime
animal exposure studies could be completed in a few years. However, very large
numbers of animals would be needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting
effect if one exists. Epidemiological studies can provide data that is directly
applicable to human populations, but ten or more years' follow-up may be needed to
provide answers about some health effects, such as cancer. This is because the
interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-causing agent and the time tumors
develop - if they do - may be many, many years. The interpretation of
DRAFT
dies have been published
stigated any possible a
since December 2000.
ssociation between the use of
have
g the
nes
ies. A
erate
s that
to
s to
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