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Summary of Contents for Sony LCSSA
- Page 1 ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players Technical Background Version 3.0; June 2, 2003...
- Page 2 NC555ES 5-disc changer. It's no accident that these remarkable components come from Sony. And it's no coincidence that they're part of Sony ES, the Elevated Standard in audio and video. After all, Sony co-invented the technology that DVD is based upon—...
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Page 3: Video Performance
Video playback with progressive scanning, "480P" output. This works with the many of today's "HD capable" and "HD monitor" televisions, which offer 480P inputs. For example, Sony markets this capability as the Hi-Scan 1080i™ chassis. In this context, 480P outputs have been promoted as a must-have feature in high-end DVD players. - Page 4 In this case, conventional 3-2 reverse conversion will not work, but Sony's Pixel-by-Pixel Active I/P conversion will. Thanks to built-in motion detection, the Sony system does not depend on FFRFs. So you get accurate reproduction on DVD-R/RW and DVD+R/RW discs.
- Page 5 In addition, the DVD-Video players of Sony ES enable you to adjust the threshold of film and video detection. So you can optimize the I/P conversion for the specific DVD you're watching.
- Page 6 Sony's Pixel-by-Pixel Active I/P conversion overcomes these problems with built-in motion detection and three distinct video conversion algorithms: one for still objects, a second for moving objects and a third, just for slow-moving objects.
- Page 7 Processing The typical video frame includes pixels from on-screen objects that can are still, moving and moving slowly. Sony Pixel-by-Pixel Active I/P conversion applies separate processing for each. Scanning lines Still pixels are simply created from the corresponding pixel in the previous field.
- Page 8 (or still objects go into slow movement), the sudden shift in resolution can be noticeable—and annoying. Scanning lines Sony employs a third mode, specifically for slow-moving pixels. These are created by a sophisticated hybrid algorithm, based on seven adjacent pixels. ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0...
- Page 9 Most people would not notice the artifact without being told when and where to watch for it. But Sony's program for the ES Series required us to address even subtle distortions.
- Page 10 This smoothes out the stair steps and results in consistent, natural- looking lines throughout the picture. It's just one more way that Sony raises the standard in DVD-Video picture quality.
- Page 11 The 14-bit video D/A converter also includes the video encoder and processing for Macrovision™ Copy Protection. Sony applies the extended binary word length both to DVD's luminance (Y) black-and-white channel and to DVD's two color difference channels (P ). So you get more accurate rendition of colors from the deepest black to the brightest highlights.
- Page 12 MHz). This means that DVD samples the video luminance channel at 13,500,000 Hz (13.5 MHz), as part of the DVD-Video format specification. CD Audio DVD-Video Digital recording systems sample the analog input signal at a specific rate or frequency at least twice the highest frequency of the channel. For DVD-Video, the sampling frequency is 13,500,000 times per second (13.5 MHz).
- Page 13 27 MHz Sampling, Progressive Scan Signal Loss Analog Filter Video Noise Noise Signal Noise included with signal For progressive scanning, running the D/A converter at the minimum frequency of 27 MHz makes it extremely challenging to design the analog low-pass filter. The filter (red curve) must be steep to avoid cutting into the video signal (blue) or including some of the noise (pink).
- Page 14 216 MHz oversampling. This corresponds to 8x oversampling for progressive scan, 16x for interlaced playback. It's the most powerful oversampling that Sony has ever built into a DVD player. You get superb clarity with the effective suppression of video noise, while enjoying the full video bandwidth for breathtaking picture detail.
- Page 15 Noise Shaped Video and the higher 108 MHz and 216 MHz sampling frequencies work together to cut video noise for improved transparency and clarity. Super Sub Alias Filter™ circuitry (all models) The benefit of the 108 MHz and 216 MHz sampling rates is delivered by the Super Sub Alias Filter circuits.
- Page 16 You can adjust Picture, Brightness, Color, Hue and Chroma Delay in addition to Graphical Gamma Adjustment. And once you've optimized the picture for a particular disc, Sony ES Series DVD players can commit your ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0...
- Page 17 Because digital noise can corrupt the DC voltage, the power supply is another potential path of interference. That's why Sony was the first brand of DVD players to give the analog circuit block its own series power supply. This ensures power that's both abundant and clean.
- Page 18 And these effects can't be corrected by your television's picture controls. Sony's answer is a rigorous design that controls DC offset voltages ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0 Page 18...
- Page 19 Carefully selected parts (DVP-NS999ES) More than a labor of technology, the DVP-NS999ES represents the enthusiasm that Sony engineers share with high-end videophiles. That's why the player incorporates a variety of carefully selected resistors, inductors, semiconductors and capacitors. Each plays a specific role in maximizing video performance.
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Page 20: Audio Performance
DSD decoder LSI (all models) The Super Audio CD’s 1-bit signal is processed and decoded by Sony's CXD2753 DSD decoder LSI. This integrated circuit makes intelligent decisions regarding the incoming data to form the 1-bit audio signal. The LSI first reads the Watermark—a feature protecting Super Audio Compact Discs from piracy—and... - Page 21 Multi-channel DSD decoding is handled by a Sony Large-Scale Integrated circuit (LSI), the CXD2753R. It's another of many exclusive Sony LSIs in the ES Series DVD players. Multi-Channel Management (all models) Home theater speaker configurations vary considerably. Some enthusiasts have built upon audiophile-grade stereo systems. These systems may have large, full range Left and Right speakers that produce bass so deep that any subwoofer would be extraneous.
- Page 22 SL and SR speakers to match the L, C and R speakers. To resolve the problem, Sony developed a 1-bit Digital Signal Processor LSI, the CXD9722. This LSI enables you to apply a carefully timed delay to each individual speaker.
- Page 23 As you can imagine, the effect can be unnatural and annoying. That's why Sony built a second major function into the CXD9722 Digital Signal Processor. This integrated circuit enables you to correct time misalignments between the audio and video signals by up to 120 milliseconds, in 10 millisecond increments.
- Page 24 192 kHz sampling rate with 24-bit word length. This assures compatibility with the widest range of source material. The DVP-NS999ES offers even more, with separate Sony D/A converters for multi-channel and stereo programming. Both of these D/A converters include on-board Variable Coefficient digital filters for extremely accurate rendition of the soundfield on DVD-Video and CD.
- Page 25 In addition, the DVP-NS999ES uses six separate, identical audio circuits to handle the 5.1 channels. This ensures uniform frequency response and gain characteristics at the output. Sony's careful design not only maintains the sonic purity of multi-channel Super Audio CD signals, but also preserves the crucial left/right and front/rear symmetry of 5.1 DVD-Video surround signals.
- Page 26 Audiophile-grade components (DVP-NS999ES) Two capacitors with identical circuit values can have quite different sound quality. For this reason, Sony engineers have taken the time to choose top- quality audiophile-grade components throughout the DVP-NS999ES. The op amps, resistors, capacitors and more have been individually selected and matched for their sound quality.
- Page 27 Transformer cores and windings can vibrate and degrade the sound, radiating 60 Hz hum into nearby audio circuits. That's why Sony chose an R- Core design. The R stands for round. Not only is the core round, it has a cylindrical cross section, enabling the transformer windings to be wrapped ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players;...
- Page 28 Video Off and Display Off modes (all models) One potential concern with so many types of circuitry in one chassis is mutual interference. Sony minimizes the possibility of radiated interference with power-off configurations that shut down potential sources of noise: Video Off.
- Page 29 Vibration can have tiny "microphonic" effects on capacitor values and point-to-point wiring. While these distortions are not always apparent to the casual listener, Sony's design program required performance without compromise. For all these reasons, every ES Series DVD player incorporates anti-resonant design.
- Page 30 DVP-CX777ES case. Frame and Beam chassis (DVP-NS999ES) Sony's Frame and Beam (FB) chassis uses a thick, high-strength frame which gains additional rigidity from two metal beams that cross the top of the chassis. Extensive internal cross bracing adds even more strength. As a result, the Frame and Beam chassis suppresses vibration.
- Page 31 Advanced FX Mechanism (DVP-NS999ES) Not only the chassis but also the disc drive mechanism itself is designed to minimize resonance. Sony's Advanced FX Mechanism includes four important advancements: The Fixed Base Unit improves tracking stability and reduces transport vibration at the source.
- Page 32 When you load a disc into the DVP-NS999ES, the disc not only moves laterally into the player, it also descends onto the spindle. Thanks to Sony's design, the disc is always read in a silent, extremely stable non-resonant environment. Vibration is minimized, along with the servo activity that vibration can cause.
- Page 33 BMC Mechanical Deck (DVP-NS999ES) The base unit is mounted on a sub-chassis called the mechanical deck. On the DVP-NS999ES, this is a rigid, honeycomb structure of Sony's Bulk Molding Compound (BMC). Long a fixture in Sony anti-resonant design, BMC is carefully formulated for high strength and high internal loss.
- Page 34 Compared to CD, DVD-Video and Super Audio CD use a smaller pit size and shorter laser wavelength that place even greater urgency on accurate tracking. Sony meets these challenges with the Precision Drive 2 system. Sony's system incorporates several advances.
- Page 35 Responsive and accurate servo DSP (all models) The Precision Drive 2 system of the DVP-NS999ES operates under the control of a fast servo DSP, the Sony CXD9703. It operates at 50 million instructions per second (50 MIPS), an astonishing speed for an ancillary processor.
- Page 36 10-bit precision. So you get remarkably accurate tracking on DVD, Super Audio CD and CD alike. The Sony CXD9703 Servo DSP incorporates an on-board Delta Sigma A/D and D/A converters for exceptional tracking accuracy. ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0...
- Page 37 DVD. Sort by folders. Sony enables you to organize the 400 discs into four sub- groups. While the folders are initially labeled "A" through "D," you can assign them personalized names, like DAD, KID or JAZ.
- Page 38 VAIO® PCS, home DVD recorders like Sony's RDR-GX7 and DVD camcorders like Sony's DCR-DVD100, DVD200 and DVD300. For this reason, the DVD players of Sony ES are designed to take advantage of a broad range of disc- based entertainment that includes not only DVD-Video, but also DVD-R and DVD-RW discs recorded in the DVD-Video and VR formats;...
- Page 39 Silver Cascade Design (DVP-NC555ES) In addition to its remarkable technology, the DVP-NC555ES inaugurates a new faceplate design exclusive to the Sony ES Series. The "cascade" design sets the primary front panel controls at an angle, so that you can operate the front panel without uncomfortable bending and stooping to identify each control.
- Page 40 The DVP-NS999ES offers a huge number of DVD, CD and Super Audio CD playback options. It's crucial to present those options in a format that's easy to understand and easy to use. That's why Sony supplements on-screen menus with a highly refined remote control, the RM-D150A.
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Page 41: Additional Features
Bit Rate Display. Users can track the variable bit rate of MPEG-2 compression with on-screen displays of video and audio bit rates. Layer and Pickup Display. Sony ES players can show an on-screen graphic representation of your current position on the disc, along with your current layer for dual-layer discs. - Page 42 System Number of Discs DVD-Video, DVD-R/RW (Video Format), DVD-RW (VR Format), DVD+R/RW CD Audio, CD-R/RW, CD MP3, Video CD Super Audio CD (stereo and multi-channel) DVD, CD and Super Audio CD Text display Precision Drive™ 2 Optical System Twin Laser Pick up Dynamic Tilt Compensation 50 million instructions per second (MIPS) servo DSP...
- Page 43 Construction Aluminum front panel Anti-resonant construction Frame and Beam (FB) construction Off center insulator feet Advanced FX Mechanism Fixed Base Unit Hermetic shutter BMC mechanical deck Convenience Disc Explorer system LCD remote control with EasyScroll key Multi-brand remote control for televisions and A/V receivers Jog/shuttle dial Playback Memory...
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Page 44: Appendix A: Progressive, Interlace And Dvd
Progressive, interlace and DVD. In video, what appears to be a continuously moving image is actually a series of discrete still pictures, called frames. On the typical direct-view television, each frame is created on the picture tube by an electron beam that moves from the left edge of the screen to the right, illuminating one scanning line at a time. - Page 45 or 480i (when discussing the line rate) or 60i (when discussing the picture rate). The 480i solution is a compromise that doubles the picture rate but halves the vertical resolution at any given instant. While it is a compromise, the 480i system is highly effective, an elegant engineering solution that has helped make television an essential part of entertainment.
- Page 46 Theatrical release movies aren't the only programs that are originally captured at 24 frames per second on motion picture film. For example, music videos, TV commercials and primetime dramas are often shot on film or film-like 24-frame progressive video. In fact, industry observers estimate that more than 50% of primetime television has been shot on film or 24P video.
- Page 47 The DVD stores film-originated material at 24P—the same rate as the original film. First Field Repeat Flags (FFRFs) mark the 3-2 cadence. The DVD player then performs its own 3-2 pulldown to output images at 60i. ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0...
- Page 48 The 24P encoding of film-originated DVDs means that 3-2 pulldown must be performed in the DVD player before the picture can be displayed on a conventional television. The exact pattern of 3-2 pulldown can have a subtle effect on the rendering of motion. So it's important that the DVD reproduce the 3- 2 pulldown cadence of the original master videotape.
- Page 49 (This occurs for two out of every five video frames—or 40% of the time!) At bottom, full 3-2 reverse conversion, as featured in Sony's progressive scan DVD players, preserves the integrity of the original film frames. ES Series DVD-Video/CD/SA-CD Players; Version 3.0...
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Page 50: Appendix B: The Super Audio Cd Format
Direct Stream Digital processing eliminates these problems by eliminating the filters. It enables a 1-bit signal to be recorded directly. Sony's 1-bit system encodes music at an astonishing 2,822,400 samples per second. Thanks to DSD encoding, the Super Audio CD format offers frequency response to 100 kHz and a theoretical dynamic range of more than 120 dB. - Page 51 The DSD pulse train "looks" remarkably like the analog waveform it represents. More pulses point up as the wave goes positive and down as the wave goes negative. Multi-channel Super Audio CD Producers also have the option of creating multi-channel Super Audio CDs that can transport you to the acoustic space of the original recording.
- Page 52 Every multi-channel Super Audio CD includes a separate 2-channel stereo mix, done by the hand of the producer—not by a computer. Backward compatibility Every Super Audio CD player will play back the 13 billion audio Compact Discs worldwide. So the Super Audio CD format keeps the faith with CD, the most popular digital format of all time.
- Page 53 1 Sony Drive, Park Ridge NJ 07656 http://www.sony.com © 2003 Sony Electronics Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. Features and specifications are subject to change without notice. Sony, Because there's so much more to hear, Direct Stream Digital, Disc Explorer, Disc Memo, Hi-Scan 1080i, Precision Cinema Progressive, Precision Drive and SmoothScan are trademarks of Sony.