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National Instruments NI 6232 User Manual

National Instruments NI 6232 User Manual

Daq m series ni 6232/6233 user manual
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DAQ M Series
NI 6232/6233 User Manual
NI 6232/6233 User Manual
July 2006
371995A-01

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Summary of Contents for National Instruments NI 6232

  • Page 1 DAQ M Series NI 6232/6233 User Manual NI 6232/6233 User Manual July 2006 371995A-01...
  • Page 2 Thailand 662 278 6777, United Kingdom 44 0 1635 523545 For further support information, refer to the Technical Support and Professional Services appendix. To comment on National Instruments documentation, refer to the National Instruments Web site at and enter ni.com/info the info code feedback ©...

  • Page 3: Important Information

    Warranty The NI 6232/6233 is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three years from the date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period.
  • Page 4 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE APPROPRIATE DESIGN, PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION.
  • Page 5 These classes are known as Class A (for use in industrial-commercial locations only) or Class B (for use in residential or commercial locations). All National Instruments (NI) products are FCC Class A products. Depending on where it is operated, this Class A product could be subject to restrictions in the FCC rules. (In Canada, the Department of Communications (DOC), of Industry Canada, regulates wireless interference in much the same way.) Digital...

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    Device Specifications ...1-2 Device Accessories and Cables ...1-2 Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview DAQ Hardware ...2-1 DAQ-STC2...2-2 Calibration Circuitry...2-3 Sensors and Transducers...2-3 Cables and Accessories...2-4 Custom Cabling ...2-4 Programming Devices in Software ...2-5 © National Instruments Corporation NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 7 Single-Ended Connection Considerations ... 4-16 Single-Ended Connections for Floating or Grounded Signal Sources... 4-17 Field Wiring Considerations... 4-18 Analog Input Timing Signals ... 4-19 AI Sample Clock Signal... 4-22 Using an Internal Source ... 4-23 NI 6232/6233 User Manual viii ni.com...
  • Page 8 Using a Digital Source ...5-6 Routing AO Start Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal...5-7 AO Pause Trigger Signal...5-7 Using a Digital Source ...5-8 Routing AO Pause Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal...5-8 © National Instruments Corporation Contents NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 9 Method 1b—Measure Low Frequency with One Counter (Averaged)... 7-11 Method 2—Measure High Frequency with Two Counters ... 7-12 Method 3—Measure Large Range of Frequencies Using Two Counters... 7-13 Choosing a Method for Measuring Frequency ... 7-14 NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 10 Routing Frequency Output to a Terminal ...7-31 Default Counter Terminals ...7-31 Counter Triggering ...7-32 Arm Start Trigger ...7-32 Start Trigger...7-32 Pause Trigger...7-33 Other Counter Features ...7-33 Cascading Counters ...7-33 Counter Filters ...7-33 © National Instruments Corporation Contents NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 11 100 kHz Timebase ... 10-2 External Reference Clock ... 10-2 10 MHz Reference Clock... 10-3 Synchronizing Multiple Devices ... 10-3 Real-Time System Integration Bus (RTSI) ... 10-3 RTSI Connector Pinout ... 10-4 Using RTSI as Outputs ... 10-5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 12 Changing Data Transfer Methods between DMA and IRQ ...11-4 Chapter 12 Triggering Triggering with a Digital Source ...12-1 Appendix A Device-Specific Information Appendix B Troubleshooting Appendix C Technical Support and Professional Services Glossary Index © National Instruments Corporation xiii Contents NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 13: About This Manual

    The NI 6232/6233 User Manual contains information about using the National Instruments 6232/6233 M Series data acquisition (DAQ) devices with NI-DAQmx 8.0 and later. NI 6232/6233 devices feature eight analog input (AI) channels, four analog output (AO) channels, two counters, six lines of digital input (DI), and four lines of digital output (DO).

  • Page 14: Related Documentation

    Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ»DAQ Getting Started Guide. The NI-DAQ Readme lists which devices are supported by this version of NI-DAQ. Select Start»All Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ» NI-DAQ Readme. The NI-DAQmx Help contains general information about measurement concepts, key NI-DAQmx concepts, and common applications that are applicable to all programming environments.

  • Page 15: Ni-Daqmx Base

    LabVIEW VIs, functions, palettes, menus, and tools. Refer to the following locations on the Contents tab of the LabVIEW Help for information about NI-DAQmx: © National Instruments Corporation and opening xvii About This Manual /usr/local/ NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 16: Labwindows™/Cvi

    .NET Languages without NI Application Software The NI Measurement Studio Help contains function reference and measurement concepts for using the Measurement Studio NI-DAQmx NI 6232/6233 User Manual Getting Started»Getting Started with DAQ—Includes overview information and a tutorial to learn how to take an NI-DAQmx measurement in LabVIEW using the DAQ Assistant.

  • Page 17: Device Documentation And Specifications

    Note You must have Visual Studio .NET installed to view the NI Measurement Studio Help. Device Documentation and Specifications The NI 6232/6233 Specifications contains all specifications for NI 6232/6233 M Series devices. NI-DAQ 7.0 and later includes the Device Document Browser, which...

  • Page 18: Getting Started

    (AO) channels, two counters, six lines of digital input (DI), and four lines of digital output (DO). If you have not already installed your device, refer to the DAQ Getting Started Guide. For NI 6232/6233 device specifications, refer to the NI 6232/6233 Specifications on ni.com/manuals...

  • Page 19: Device Specifications

    Chapter 1 Getting Started Device Specifications Refer to the NI 6232/6233 Specifications, available on the NI-DAQ Device Document Browser or on the NI 6232/6233 device. Device Accessories and Cables NI offers a variety of accessories and cables to use with your DAQ device.

  • Page 20: Daq System Overview

    Accessories DAQ Hardware DAQ hardware digitizes signals, performs D/A conversions to generate analog output signals, and measures and controls digital I/O signals. Figure 2-2 features the components of the NI 6232/6233 device. © National Instruments Corporation Hardware Software Figure 2-1. Components of a Typical DAQ System...

  • Page 21: Daq-Stc2

    DAQ System Overview Analog Input Analog Output Counters PFI/Static DI PFI/Static DO DAQ-STC2 The DAQ-STC2 implements a high-performance digital engine for NI 6232/6233 data acquisition hardware. Some key features of this engine include the following: • • • • • •...

  • Page 22: Calibration Circuitry

    Taking Measurements book on the Contents tab. If you are using other application software, refer to Common Sensors in the NI-DAQmx Help, which can be accessed from Start»All Programs»National Instruments»NI-DAQ»NI-DAQmx Help. Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview ni.com/sensors NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 23: Cables And Accessories

    Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview Cables and Accessories NI offers a variety of products to use with NI 6232/6233 devices, including cables, connector blocks, and other accessories, as follows: • • • For more specific information about these products, refer to...

  • Page 24: Programming Devices In Software

    Programming Devices in Software National Instruments measurement devices are packaged with NI-DAQ driver software, an extensive library of functions and VIs you can call from your application software, such as LabVIEW or LabWindows/CVI, to program all the features of your NI measurement devices. Driver software...

  • Page 25: Connector Information

    Output Analog Output Channels 0 to 1—These terminals supply the voltage output of AO channels 0 to 1. Note: AO <0..1> are isolated from earth ground and chassis ground. RTSI Connector Pinout Description Analog Input. NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 26 — P0.GND — P1.GND — P1.VCC — NI 6232/6233 User Manual Table 3-1. I/O Connector Signals (Continued) Direction — Analog Output Ground—AO GND is the reference for AO <0..1>. AI GND and AO GND are connected on the device. Note: AI GND and AO GND are isolated from earth ground, chassis ground, P0.GND, and P1.GND.

  • Page 27: Rtsi Connector Pinout

    RTSI Connector Pinout Refer to the and Clock © National Instruments Corporation RTSI Connector Pinout section of Chapter 10, Generation, for information on the RTSI connector. Chapter 3 Connector Information Digital Routing NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 28: Analog Input

    Analog Input Figure 4-1 shows the analog input circuitry of NI 6232/6233 devices. AI <0.. n > DIFF, RSE, or NRSE AI GND AI Terminal Configuration Selection Analog Input Circuitry I/O Connector You can connect analog input signals to the M Series device through the I/O connector.

  • Page 29: Analog Input Range

    AI channel on your M Series device. The input range affects the resolution of the M Series device for an AI channel. Resolution refers to the voltage of one ADC code. For example, a NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 30: Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings

    Table 4-1 shows the input ranges and resolutions supported by the NI 6232/6233 device. Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings NI 6232/6233 devices support the analog input ground-reference settings shown in Table 4-2. © National Instruments Corporation (10 V – (–10 V)) Table 4-1.
  • Page 31 AI Ground-Reference Settings DIFF In differential (DIFF) mode, the NI 6232/6233 device measures the difference in voltage between two AI signals. AI GND is the bias current return point for DIFF mode. In referenced single-ended (RSE) mode, the NI 6232/6233 device measures the voltage of an AI signal relative to AI GND, which is isolated from earth/chassis ground.

  • Page 32: Configuring Ai Ground-Reference Settings In Software

    Caution The maximum input voltages rating of AI signals with respect to AI GND (and for differential signals with respect to each other) and earth/chassis ground are listed in the Maximum Working Voltage section of the NI 6232/6233 Specifications. Exceeding the maximum input voltage or maximum working voltage of AI signals distorts the measurement results.

  • Page 33: Multichannel Scanning Considerations

    Settling time refers to the time it takes the NI-PGIA to amplify the input signal to the desired accuracy before it is sampled by the ADC. The NI 6232/6233 Specifications shows the device settling time. M Series devices are designed to have fast settling times. However several factors can increase the settling time which decreases the accuracy of your measurements.

  • Page 34: Use Short High-Quality Cabling

    The capacitance of the cable also can increase the settling time. National Instruments recommends using individually shielded, twisted-pair wires that are 2 m or less to connect AI signals to the device.

  • Page 35: Insert Grounded Channel Between Signal Channels

    1, 3, and 5 vary between –4 V and 0 V. Scanning channels in the order 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 will produce more accurate results than scanning channels in the order 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com...

  • Page 36: Avoid Scanning Faster Than Necessary

    Software-Timed Acquisitions With a software-timed acquisition, software controls the rate of the acquisition. Software sends a separate command to the hardware to initiate © National Instruments Corporation Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 37: Hardware-Timed Acquisitions

    If data cannot be transferred across the bus fast enough, the FIFO will become full. New acquisitions will overwrite data in the FIFO before it can NI 6232/6233 User Manual The time between samples can be much shorter. The timing between samples is deterministic.

  • Page 38: Non-Buffered

    • Refer to the Pause Trigger Signal A digital trigger can initiate these actions. NI 6232/6233 devices support digital triggering, but do not support analog triggering. Connecting Analog Voltage Input Signals Table 4-4 summarizes the recommended input configuration for both types of signal sources.

  • Page 39: Types Of Signal Sources

    For isolated measurement products, the front ends are isolated from the building ground system, breaking any electrical connection between the NI 6232/6233 User Manual Table 4-4. Analog Input Configuration Ground-Referenced Signal Sources Example: •...

  • Page 40: Floating Signal Sources

    100 mV, but the difference can be much higher if power distribution circuits are improperly connected. If a grounded signal source is incorrectly measured, this difference can appear as measurement error. The NI 6232/6233 isolates the ground of the instrument from the PC to help eliminate this error. Differential Connection Considerations A DIFF connection is one in which the AI signal has its own reference signal or signal return path.

  • Page 41: Differential Connections For Ground-Referenced Signal Sources

    – Potential AI GND I/O Connector NI 6232/6233 User Manual The input signal is low level (less than 1 V). The leads connecting the signal to the device are greater than 3 m (10 ft). The input signal requires a separate ground-reference point or return signal.

  • Page 42: Differential Input Biasing

    V NI 6232/6233 Specifications for the usable range of V Common-Mode Signal Rejection Considerations For signal sources that are already referenced to some ground point with respect to the device, the PGIA can reject any voltage caused by ground potential differences between the signal source and the device.

  • Page 43: Single-Ended Connection Considerations

    PGIA, without using resistors. Single-Ended Connection Considerations A single-ended connection is one in which the device AI signal is referenced to a ground that it can share with other input signals. The input NI 6232/6233 User Manual Instrumentation Amplifier PGIA Measured –...

  • Page 44: Single-Ended Connections For Floating Or Grounded Signal Sources

    The input signal is high-level (greater than 1 V). The leads connecting the signal to the device are less than 3 m (10 ft). The input signal can share a common reference point with other signals. 4-17 Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 45: Field Wiring Considerations

    AI GND I/O Connector Selected Channel in RSE or NRSE Configuration Refer to the NI 6232/6233 Specifications for the usable range of V Common-Mode Signal Rejection Considerations For signal sources that are already referenced to some ground point with respect to the device, the PGIA can reject any voltage caused by ground potential differences between the signal source and the device.

  • Page 46: Analog Input Timing Signals

    Analog Input Timing Signals In order to provide all of the timing functionality described throughout this section, NI 6232/6233 devices have a flexible timing engine. Figure 4-7 summarizes all of the timing options provided by the analog input timing engine. Also refer to the...
  • Page 47 10 μs delay per channel, so the Convert Clock rate becomes the sampling rate multiplied by the number of channels being acquired. For example, on NI 6232/6233 User Manual Channel 0 Channel 1...
  • Page 48 The sample counter is then loaded with the number of posttriggered samples, in this example, three. © National Instruments Corporation ai/StartTrigger Figure 4-9. Posttriggered Data Acquisition Example 4-21 Chapter 4 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Analog Input...

  • Page 49: Ai Sample Clock Signal

    Otherwise, when the ai/ReferenceTrigger pulse occurs, the sample counter value decrements until the specified number of posttrigger samples have been acquired. NI 6232/6233 devices feature the following analog input timing signals. • • •...

  • Page 50: Using An Internal Source

    During a measurement acquisition, you can cause your DAQ device to ignore ai/SampleClock using the ai/PauseTrigger signal. © National Instruments Corporation Counter n Internal Output AI Sample Clock Timebase (divided down) A software pulse Input PFI <0..5> RTSI <0..7> PXI_STAR 4-23 Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 51: Ai Sample Clock Timebase Signal

    • • ai/SampleClockTimebase is not available as an output on the I/O connector. ai/SampleClockTimebase is divided down to provide one of the possible NI 6232/6233 User Manual AI Convert Clock Signal section for more information on the timing ai/SampleClockTimebase ai/StartTrigger ai/SampleClock Figure 4-11.

  • Page 52: Ai Convert Clock Signal

    It then reloads itself in preparation for the next ai/SampleClock pulse. © National Instruments Corporation AI Convert Clock Timebase (divided down) Counter n Internal Output 4-25 Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 53: Using An External Source

    By default, this delay is three ticks of ai/ConvertClockTimebase. Figure 4-12 shows the relationship of ai/SampleClock to ai/ConvertClock. ai/ConvertClockTimebase ai/SampleClock ai/ConvertClock NI 6232/6233 User Manual Input PFI <0..5> RTSI <0..7> PXI_STAR Delay Convert From...

  • Page 54: Other Timing Requirements

    © National Instruments Corporation ai/SampleClock ai/ConvertClock Channel Measured Sample #1 Sample #2 Sample #3 One External Signal Driving Both Clocks Simultaneously ai/SampleClockTimebase 20 MHz Timebase 4-27 Chapter 4 Analog Input 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 … NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 55: Ai Hold Complete Event Signal

    Refer to Device Routing in MAX in the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help for more information. NI 6232/6233 User Manual When a certain number of points are sampled (in finite mode) After a hardware reference trigger (in finite mode) With a software command (in continuous mode) Input PFI <0..5>...

  • Page 56: Routing Ai Start Trigger To An Output Terminal

    When the reference trigger occurs, the DAQ device continues to write samples to the buffer until the buffer contains the number of posttrigger samples desired. Figure 4-14 shows the final buffer. © National Instruments Corporation and enter the info code rdcanq 4-29 Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 57: Using A Digital Source

    The internal sample clock pauses while the external trigger signal is active and resumes when the signal is inactive. You can program the active level of the pause trigger to be high or low. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Reference Trigger Pretrigger Samples Complete Buffer Figure 4-14.

  • Page 58: Using A Digital Source

    Note For more information about programming analog input applications and triggers in software, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help. © National Instruments Corporation Input PFI <0..5> RTSI <0..7> PXI_STAR Single-point analog input Finite analog input Continuous analog input 4-31 Chapter 4 Analog Input NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 59: Analog Output

    Analog Output NI 6232/6233 devices have two AO channels that are controlled by a single clock and are capable of waveform generation. Figure 5-1 shows the analog output circuitry of NI 6232/6233 devices. AO 0 DAC0 AO 1 DAC1 Analog Output Circuitry...

  • Page 60: Minimizing Glitches On The Output Signal

    Software-timed generations are also referred to as immediate or static operations. They are typically used for writing a single value out, such as a constant DC voltage. NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com/support for more ni.com...

  • Page 61: Hardware-Timed Generations

    These methods are regeneration, FIFO regeneration, and non-regeneration modes. © National Instruments Corporation The time between samples can be much shorter. The timing between samples can be deterministic. Hardware-timed acquisitions can use hardware triggering. Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 62: Analog Output Triggering

    Analog Output Triggering Analog output supports two different triggering actions: • • A digital trigger can initiate these actions. NI 6232/6233 devices support digital triggering, but do not support analog triggering. Refer to the Start Trigger Signal information on these triggering actions.

  • Page 63: Analog Output Timing Signals

    Figure 5-3 summarizes all of the timing options provided by the analog output timing engine. © National Instruments Corporation AO 0 Channel 0 AO 1 Channel 1 AO GND Figure 5-2. Analog Output Connections Chapter 5 Analog Output Digital Isolators Isolation Barrier NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 64: Ao Start Trigger Signal

    Chapter 5 Analog Output PFI, RTSI PXI_STAR 20 MHz Timebase 100 kHz Timebase PXI_CLK10 NI 6232/6233 devices feature the following AO (waveform generation) timing signals. • • • • AO Start Trigger Signal Use the AO Start Trigger (ao/StartTrigger) signal to initiate a waveform generation.

  • Page 65: Routing Ao Start Trigger Signal To An Output Terminal

    If you are using any signal other than the onboard clock as the source of your sample clock, the generation resumes as soon as the pause trigger is © National Instruments Corporation Pause Trigger Sample Clock Figure 5-4. ao/PauseTrigger with the Onboard Clock Source Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 66: Using A Digital Source

    Each sample updates the outputs of all of the DACs. You can specify an internal or external source for ao/SampleClock. You also can specify whether the DAC update begins on the rising edge or falling edge of ao/SampleClock. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Pause Trigger Sample Clock Figure 5-5. ao/PauseTrigger with Other Signal Source Input PFI <0..5>...

  • Page 67: Using An Internal Source

    By default, this delay is two ticks of ao/SampleClockTimebase. Figure 5-6 shows the relationship of ao/SampleClock to ao/StartTrigger. © National Instruments Corporation AO Sample Clock Timebase (divided down) Counter n Internal Output Input PFI <0..5> RTSI <0..7> PXI_STAR Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 68: Ao Sample Clock Timebase Signal

    Getting Started with AO Applications in Software You can use an M Series device in the following analog output applications. • NI 6232/6233 User Manual ao/SampleClockTimebase ao/StartTrigger ao/SampleClock Figure 5-6. ao/SampleClock and ao/StartTrigger...
  • Page 69 Note For more information about programming analog output applications and triggers in software, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help. © National Instruments Corporation Finite generation Continuous generation Waveform generation 5-11 Chapter 5 Analog Output NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 70: Digital Input And Output

    PFI inputs. The voltage input and output levels and the current drive level of the DI and DO lines are listed in the NI 6232/6233 Specifications. Refer to Chapter 8, PFI, for more information on PFI inputs and outputs.

  • Page 71: Connecting Digital I/O Signals

    The DI signals P0.<0..5> are referenced to P0.GND and DO signals P1.<0..3> are referenced to P1.GND. Figures 6-1 and 6-2 show P0.<0..5> and P1.<0..3> on the NI 6232 and the NI 6233 device, respectively. Digital input and output signals can range from 0 to 30 V.

  • Page 72: Logic Conventions

    P0.GND Caution Exceeding the maximum input voltage or maximum working voltage ratings, which are listed in the NI 6232/6233 Specifications, can damage the DAQ device and the computer. NI is not liable for any damage resulting from such signal connections.

  • Page 73: Getting Started With Dio Applications In Software

    NI 6232 (Source) DO NI 6233 (Sink) DO Getting Started with DIO Applications in Software You can use NI 6232/6233 devices in the following digital I/O applications: • • Note For more information about programming digital I/O applications and triggers in software, refer to the NI-DAQmx Help or the LabVIEW 8.x Help.

  • Page 74: Counters

    Counters NI 6232/6233 devices have two general-purpose 32-bit counter/timers and one frequency generator, as shown in Figure 7-1. The general-purpose counter/timers can be used for many measurement and pulse generation applications. Caution When making measurements, take into account the minimum pulse width and time delay of the digital input and output lines.
  • Page 75 The counters have seven input signals, although in most applications only a few inputs are used. For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Terminals NI 6232/6233 User Manual Counter 0 Counter 0 Source (Counter 0 Timebase) Counter 0 Gate...

  • Page 76: Counter Input Applications

    Figure 7-3 shows an example of on-demand edge counting with a pause trigger. © National Instruments Corporation Counter Armed SOURCE Counter Value Figure 7-2. Single Point (On-Demand) Edge Counting Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 77: Buffered (Sample Clock) Edge Counting

    Figure 7-4 shows an example of buffered edge counting. Notice that counting begins when the counter is armed, which occurs before the first active edge on Gate. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Counter Armed Pause Trigger (Pause When Low)

  • Page 78: Non-Cumulative Buffered Edge Counting

    Counter Armed Buffer Figure 7-5. Non-Cumulative Buffered Edge Counting Always count up Always count down Count up when the Counter n B input is high; count down when it is section. Chapter 7 Counters Default Counter NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 79: Pulse-Width Measurement

    Gate and Source inputs. Software then can read the stored count. Figure 7-6 shows an example of a single pulse-width measurement. HW Save Register NI 6232/6233 User Manual GATE SOURCE Counter Value Figure 7-6. Single Pulse-Width Measurement...

  • Page 80: Buffered Pulse-Width Measurement

    You can route an internal or external periodic clock signal (with a known period) to the Source input of the counter. The counter counts the number © National Instruments Corporation Figure 7-7. Buffered Pulse-Width Measurement section. Chapter 7 Counters Default Counter NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 81: Single Period Measurement

    Gate input. So the first value stored in the hardware save register does not reflect a full period of the Gate input. In most applications, this first point should be discarded. Figure 7-9 shows an example of a buffered period measurement. NI 6232/6233 User Manual GATE SOURCE Counter Value Figure 7-8.

  • Page 82: Semi-Period Measurement

    Source signal by the number of edges returned by the counter. Single Semi-Period Measurement Single semi-period measurement is equivalent to single pulse-width measurement. © National Instruments Corporation (Discard) Figure 7-9. Buffered Period Measurement section. Chapter 7 Counters (Discard) (Discard) Default Counter NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 83: Buffered Semi-Period Measurement

    Method 1—Measure Low Frequency with One Counter In this method, you measure one period of your signal using a known timebase. This method is good for low frequency signals. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Counter Armed GATE SOURCE Counter Value Buffer Figure 7-10.

  • Page 84: Method 1B-Measure Low Frequency With One Counter (Averaged)

    F1. The frequency of F1 is the inverse of the average period. Figure 7-12 illustrates this method. © National Instruments Corporation Interval Measured … Period of F1 = Frequency of F1 = Figure 7-11. Method 1 7-11 Chapter 7 Counters … NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 85: Method 2-Measure High Frequency With Two Counters

    T to be N periods of F1. Then the frequency of F1 is N/T. Figure 7-13 illustrates this method. Another option would be to measure the width of a known period instead of a known pulse. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Gate 1 2 ... N...

  • Page 86: Method 3-Measure Large Range Of Frequencies Using Two Counters

    Configure Counter 0 to generate a single pulse that is the width of N periods of the source input signal. © National Instruments Corporation Width of Pulse (T) Pulse … Width of Pulse Frequency of F1 = Figure 7-13. Method 2 7-13 Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 87: Choosing A Method For Measuring Frequency

    The best method to measure frequency depends on several factors including the expected frequency of the signal to measure, the desired accuracy, how many counters are available, and how long the measurement can take. • NI 6232/6233 User Manual Signal to SOURCE Measure (F1)
  • Page 88 Method 3 measures high and low frequency signals accurately. However, it requires two counters. 7-15 Chapter 7 Counters Example 1 Example 2 50 kHz 5 MHz 80 MHz 80 MHz 1600 1599 50.125 kHz 5.33 MHz 125 kHz 333 kHz 0.06% 6.67% NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 89: Position Measurement

    X1 encoding. When channel A leads channel B, the increment occurs on the rising edge of channel A. When channel B leads channel A, the decrement occurs on the falling edge of channel A. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Measures High Number of...
  • Page 90 © National Instruments Corporation Ch A Ch B Counter Value Figure 7-15. X1 Encoding Ch A Ch B Counter Value 5 Figure 7-16. X2 Encoding Figure 7-17. X4 Encoding 7-17 Chapter 7 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Counters...

  • Page 91: Measurements Using Two Pulse Encoders

    A and B. The counter increments on each rising edge of channel A. The counter decrements on each rising edge of channel B, as shown in Figure 7-19. Counter Value 2 NI 6232/6233 User Manual Ch A Ch B Ch Z...

  • Page 92: Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement

    The counter then stores the count in a hardware save register and ignores other edges on its inputs. Software then can read the stored count. Figure 7-20 shows an example of a single two-signal edge-separation measurement. © National Instruments Corporation section. 7-19 Chapter 7 Counters Default Counter NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 93: Buffered Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement

    A DMA controller transfers the stored values to host memory. Figure 7-21 shows an example of a buffered two-signal edge-separation measurement. For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Terminals NI 6232/6233 User Manual Counter Armed GATE SOURCE Counter Value Figure 7-20.

  • Page 94: Counter Output Applications

    Figure 7-23 shows a generation of a pulse with a pulse delay of four and a pulse width of three (using the rising edge of Source). © National Instruments Corporation Counter Armed SOURCE Figure 7-22. Single Pulse Generation 7-21 Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 95: Retriggerable Single Pulse Generation

    Figure 7-24 shows a generation of two pulses with a pulse delay of five and a pulse width of three (using the rising edge of Source). For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Terminals NI 6232/6233 User Manual GATE (Start Trigger) SOURCE Figure 7-23.

  • Page 96: Pulse Train Generation

    Source input divided by M + N. For information on connecting counter signals, refer to the Terminals © National Instruments Corporation SOURCE Counter Armed Figure 7-25. Continuous Pulse Train Generation section. 7-23 Chapter 7 Counters Default Counter NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 97: Frequency Generation

    Figure 7-27 shows the output waveform of the frequency generator when the divider is set to 5. Frequency Output Timebase Freq Out (Divisor = 5) NI 6232/6233 User Manual Frequency Output Timebase Figure 7-26. Frequency Generator Block Diagram Figure 7-27. Frequency Generator Output Waveform 7-24...

  • Page 98: Frequency Division

    The waveform thus produced at the output of the counter can be used to provide timing for undersampling applications where a digitizing system can sample repetitive waveforms that are higher in frequency than the © National Instruments Corporation section. section. 7-25 Chapter 7 Counters Default Counter Default Counter NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 99: Counter Timing Signals

    In this section, n refers to either Counter 0 or 1. For example, Counter n Source refers to two signals—Counter 0 Source (the source input to Counter 0) and Counter 1 Source (the source input to Counter 1). NI 6232/6233 User Manual GATE D2 = D1 + ΔD Figure 7-28.

  • Page 100: Counter N Source Signal

    80 MHz Timebase 20 MHz Timebase 100 kHz Timebase RTSI <0..7> Input PFI <0..5> PXI_CLK10 PXI_STAR 7-27 Chapter 7 Counters Purpose of Source Terminal Counter Timebase Counter Timebase Input Terminal Input Terminal Input Terminal Counter Timebase NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 101: Routing Counter N Source To An Output Terminal

    You can route Counter n Gate out to any output PFI <6..9> or RTSI <0..7> terminal. All PFIs are set to high-impedance at startup. Counter n Aux Signal The Counter n Aux signal indicates the first edge in a two-signal edge-separation measurement. NI 6232/6233 User Manual RTSI <0..7> Input PFI <0..5> ai/ReferenceTrigger ai/StartTrigger...

  • Page 102: Routing A Signal To Counter N Aux

    Counter n Up_Down Signal Counter n Up_Down is another name for the Counter n B signal. © National Instruments Corporation RTSI <0..7> Input PFI <0..5> ai/ReferenceTrigger ai/StartTrigger PXI_STAR RTSI <0..7> Input PFI <0..5> PXI_STAR 7-29 Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 103: Counter N Hw Arm Signal

    The Counter n Internal Output signal changes in response to Counter n TC. The two software-selectable output options are pulse on TC and toggle output polarity on TC. The output polarity is software-selectable for both options. NI 6232/6233 User Manual RTSI <0..7> Input PFI <0..5> ai/ReferenceTrigger...

  • Page 104: Routing Counter N Internal Output To An Output Terminal

    CTR 1 OUT CTR 1 A CTR 1 Z CTR 1 B © National Instruments Corporation Table 7-4. NI 6232/6233 Device Default NI-DAQmx Counter/Timer Pins Counter/Timer Signal Default Pin Number (Name) 13 (PFI 0) 32 (PFI 1) 33 (PFI 2)

  • Page 105: Counter Triggering

    When using a start trigger, the start trigger source is routed to the Counter n Gate signal input of the counter. Counter input operations can use the arm start trigger to have start trigger-like behavior. NI 6232/6233 User Manual 7-32 ni.com...

  • Page 106: Pause Trigger

    The value of N depends on the filter setting; refer to Table 7-5. © National Instruments Corporation Method 3—Measure Large Range of section. 7-33 Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 107: Prescaling

    Prescaling Prescaling allows the counter to count a signal that is faster than the maximum timebase of the counter. M Series devices offer 8X and 2X NI 6232/6233 User Manual Table 7-5. Filters N (Filter Clocks Needed to Pass Signal) 125 ns 6.425 µs...

  • Page 108: Duplicate Count Prevention

    Duplicate Count Prevention Example Figure 7-31 shows an external buffered signal as the period measurement Source. © National Instruments Corporation External Signal Prescaler Rollover (Used as Source by Counter) Counter Value Figure 7-30. Prescaling 7-35 Chapter 7 Counters NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 109: Duplicate Count Example

    Duplicate Count Example In Figure 7-32, after the first rising edge of Gate, no Source pulses occur. So the counter does not write the correct data to the buffer. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Rising Edge of Gate Figure 7-31. Duplicate Count Prevention Example section.

  • Page 110: Example Application That Prevents Duplicate Count

    Figure 7-32. Duplicate Count Example Counter detects rising Gate edge. Figure 7-33. Duplicate Count Prevention Example 7-37 Chapter 7 Counters No Source edge, so no value written to buffer. Counter value increments only one time for each Source pulse. NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 111: When To Use Duplicate Count Prevention

    M Series devices use one of three synchronization methods: • • • NI 6232/6233 User Manual You are making a counter measurement You are using an external signal (such as PFI <0..5>) as the counter Source The frequency of the external source is 20 MHz or less...

  • Page 112: 80 Mhz Source Mode

    Mode 80 MHz Source 80 MHz Source 80 MHz 80 MHz Source Timebase 20 MHz Other Internal Timebase, 100 Source kHz Timebase, or PXI_CLK10 Any Other External Signal (such as Source PFI or RTSI) Count NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 113: Other Internal Source Mode

    Source signal by several nanoseconds. The device synchronizes signals on the rising edge of the delayed Source signal, and counts on the following rising edge of the source, as shown in Figure 7-36. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Source Figure 7-35. Other Internal Source Mode...

  • Page 114: Pfi

    NI 6232/6233 devices have 10 Programmable Function Interface (PFI) signals—six input signals and four output signals. Each PFI <0..5>/P0.<0..5> can be configured as a timing input signal for AI or counter/timer functions or a static digital input. Each PFI input also has a programmable debouncing filter.

  • Page 115: Using Pfi Terminals As Timing Input Signals

    P0.x or P1.x. The voltage input and output levels and the current drive levels of the PFI signals are listed in the NI 6232/6233 Specifications. Using PFI Terminals as Timing Input Signals Use PFI <0..5> terminals to route external timing signals to many different M Series functions.

  • Page 116: Exporting Timing Output Signals Using Pfi Terminals

    • Note Short pulses on the signal might not be observable by the user or another instrument. Refer to the Digital Output (Port 1) section of the NI 6232/6233 Specifications for more information. Using PFI Terminals as Static Digital Inputs and Outputs When a terminal is used as a static digital input or output, it is called P0.x...

  • Page 117: Pfi Filters

    N consecutive edges, the low-to-high transition is propagated to the rest of the circuit. The value of N depends on the filter setting; refer to Table 8-1. NI 6232/6233 User Manual I/O Connector PFI 2...

  • Page 118: I/O Protection

    To access this KnowledgeBase, go to code I/O Protection Each DI, DO, and PFI signal is protected against overvoltage and undervoltage conditions as well as ESD events on NI 6232/6233 devices. © National Instruments Corporation Table 8-1. Filters N (Filter...

  • Page 119: Programmable Power-Up States

    The DI signals P0.<0..5> are referenced to P0.GND and DO signals P1.<0..3> are referenced to P1.GND. Figures 8-5 and 8-6 show P0.<0..5> and P1.<0..3> on the NI 6232 and the NI 6233 device, respectively. Digital input and output signals can range from 0 to 30 V.
  • Page 120 P1.VCC P1.0 P1.1 P1.GND P0.0 P0.GND © National Instruments Corporation P1.<0..3> Digital Isolators P1.GND P0.GND Figure 8-5. NI 6232 Digital I/O Connections (DO Source) Chapter 8 NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 121 P0.GND Caution Exceeding the maximum input voltage or maximum working voltage ratings, which are listed in the NI 6232/6233 Specifications, can damage the DAQ device and the computer. NI is not liable for any damage resulting from such signal connections.

  • Page 122: Isolation And Digital Isolators

    Isolation and Digital Isolators NI 6232/6233 devices are isolated data acquisition devices. As shown in Figure 9-1, the analog input, analog output, counters, and PFI/static DIO circuitry are referenced to an isolated ground. The bus interface circuitry, RTSI, digital routing, and clock generation are all referenced to a non-isolated ground.

  • Page 123: Digital Isolation

    All analog measurements are made relative to the isolated ground signal. The isolated ground is an input to the NI 6232/6233 device. The user must connect this ground to the ground of system being measured or controlled.

  • Page 124: Digital Routing And Clock Generation

    Routes and generates the main clock signals for the M Series device. 10 MHz RefClk ÷ 8 ÷ Figure 10-1. M Series Clock Routing Circuitry 10-1 (To RTSI <0..7> Output Selectors) 80 MHz Timebase 20 MHz Timebase ÷ 100 kHz Timebase NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 125: 80 Mhz Timebase

    The following signals can be routed to drive the external reference clock. • • • The external reference clock is an input to a Phase-Lock Loop (PLL). The PLL generates the internal timebases. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Onboard oscillator External signal (by using the external reference clock) RTSI <0..7> PXI_CLK10 PXI_STAR 10-2 ni.com...

  • Page 126: 10 Mhz Reference Clock

    Real-Time System Integration (RTSI) is set of bused signals among devices that allow you to do the following. • © National Instruments Corporation Chapter 10 Use a common clock (or timebase) to drive the timing engine on multiple devices 10-3 Digital Routing and Clock Generation NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 127: Rtsi Connector Pinout

    Chapter 10 Digital Routing and Clock Generation • Many National Instruments DAQ, motion, vision, and CAN devices support RTSI. In a PCI system, the RTSI bus consists of the RTSI bus interface and a ribbon cable. The bus can route timing and trigger signals between several functions on as many as five DAQ, vision, motion, or CAN devices in the computer.

  • Page 128: Using Rtsi As Outputs

    10 MHz Reference Clock Counter n Source, Gate, Z, Internal Output FREQ OUT Input PFI <0..5> 10-5 Digital Routing and Clock Generation Terminal 1–18 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33 NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 129: Using Rtsi Terminals As Timing Input Signals

    N consecutive edges, the low-to-high transition is propagated to the rest of the circuit. The value of N depends on the filter setting; refer to Table 10-2. NI 6232/6233 User Manual AI Convert Clock AI Sample Clock...
  • Page 130 Not Pass Filter 125 ns 100 ns 6.425 µs 6.400 µs 2.55 ms 2.54 ms — — Filtered input goes high when terminal is sampled high on five consecutive filter clocks. and enter the info ni.com/info NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 131: Pxi Clock And Trigger Signals

    An M Series device receives the Star Trigger signal (PXI_STAR) from a Star Trigger controller. PXI_STAR can be used as an external source for many AI, AO, and counter signals. NI 6232/6233 User Manual 10-8 ni.com...

  • Page 132: Pxi_Star Filters

    ~101,800 Disabled — 10-9 Digital Routing and Clock Generation Pulse Width Pulse Width Guaranteed to Guaranteed to Pass Filter Not Pass Filter 125 ns 100 ns 6.425 µs 6.400 µs 2.55 ms 2.54 ms — — NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 133 Refer to the KnowledgeBase document, Digital Filtering with M Series and CompactDAQ, for more information about digital filters and counters. To access this KnowledgeBase, go to code NI 6232/6233 User Manual Figure 10-4. Filter Example rddfms 10-10 Filtered input goes high...

  • Page 134: Bus Interface

    Bus Interface The bus interface circuitry of NI 6232/6233 devices efficiently moves data between host memory and the measurement and acquisition circuits. NI 6232/6233 devices are available for the following platforms. • • NI 6232/6233 devices are jumperless for complete plug-and-play operation.

  • Page 135: Pxi Considerations

    PXI-1 devices use PCI signaling to communicate to the host controller (as opposed to PCI Express signaling). Peripheral devices are installed in peripheral slots and are not system controllers. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Triggers, sections of Chapter 10, ). Using the terminology of the PXI specifications, PXI chassis—PXI-6232/6233 devices can be installed in any...

  • Page 136: Using Pxi With Compactpci

    DMA is a method to transfer data between the device and computer memory without the involvement of the CPU. This method makes DMA the fastest available data transfer method. National Instruments uses DMA hardware and software technology to achieve high throughput rates and to increase system utilization.

  • Page 137: Interrupt Request (Irq)

    However, NI-DAQmx allows you to disable DMA and use interrupts. To change your data transfer mechanism between DMA and interrupts in NI-DAQmx, use the Data Transfer Mechanism property node. NI 6232/6233 User Manual section of Chapter 5, Analog Output, for more information.

  • Page 138: Triggering

    When you configure a trigger, you must decide how you want to produce the trigger and the action you want the trigger to cause. NI 6232/6233 devices support internal software triggering, as well as external digital triggering. For information about the different actions...
  • Page 139 Chapter 12 Triggering • • NI 6232/6233 User Manual Analog output generation Counter behavior 12-2 ni.com...
  • Page 140 Device-Specific Information This appendix contains device pinouts, specifications, cable and accessory choices, and other information for the NI 6232 and isolated devices. To obtain documentation for devices not listed here, refer to ni.com/manuals NI 6232 NI 6232 Pinout Figure A-1 shows the pinout of the NI 6232.

  • Page 141: Pfi 2)

    P1.VCC PFI 7/P1.1 (Output) PFI 8/P1.3 (Output) NC = No Connect Figure A-1. NI 6232 Pinout Table A-1. NI 6232 Device Default NI-DAQmx Counter/Timer Pins Counter/Timer Signal Default Pin Number (Name) 13 (PFI 0) 32 (PFI 1) 33 (PFI 2)

  • Page 142: Pfi 3) P0.3

    This section describes some cable and accessory options for the NI 6232 device. Refer to Screw Terminal National Instruments offers several styles of screw terminal connector blocks. Use an SH37F-37M cable to connect an NI 6232 device to a connector block, such as the following: • •...
  • Page 143 Figure A-2 shows the pinout of the NI 6233. For a detailed description of each signal, refer to the Descriptions NI 6232/6233 User Manual SH37F-37M-x—37-pin female-to-male shielded I/O cable, UL Listed derated to 30 Vrms, 42.4 V , or 60 VDC R37F-37M-1—37-pin female-to-male ribbon I/O cable...
  • Page 144 AI 13 AI 14 AI 15 A O 1 PFI 0/P0.0 (Input) P0.GND PFI 3/P0.3 (Input) PFI 5/P0.5 (Input) PFI 6/P1.0 (Output) PFI 8/P1.2 (Output) P1.VCC Port P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P1.0 P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 NI 6232/6233 User Manual...

  • Page 145: Pfi 3) P0.3

    This section describes some cable and accessory options for the NI 6233 device. Refer to Screw Terminal National Instruments offers several styles of screw terminal connector blocks. Use an SH37F-37M cable to connect an NI 6233 device to a connector block, such as the following: •...
  • Page 146 SH37F-37M-x—37-pin female-to-male shielded I/O cable, UL Listed derated to 30 Vrms, 42.4 V , or 60 VDC R37F-37M-1—37-pin female-to-male ribbon I/O cable SH37F-P-4—37-pin female-to-pigtails shielded I/O cable Custom Cabling section of Chapter 2, Appendix A Device-Specific Information DAQ System Overview, NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 147 Troubleshooting This section contains some common questions about M Series devices. If your questions are not answered here, refer to the National Instruments KnowledgeBase at answer frequently asked questions about NI products. Analog Input I am seeing crosstalk or ghost voltages when sampling multiple channels.
  • Page 148 This method allows multiple channels to be sampled relatively quickly in relationship to the overall sample rate, providing a nearly simultaneous effect with a fixed delay between channels. NI 6232/6233 User Manual section of Chapter 4, Channel 0 Channel 1...
  • Page 149 How do I connect counter signals to my M Series device? information on counter signal connections. © National Instruments Corporation for more information on minimizing glitches. Duplicate Count Prevention Default Counter Terminals section of Chapter 7, Counters, has Appendix B Troubleshooting section of Chapter 7, Counters, NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 150 Technical Support and Professional Services Visit the following sections of the National Instruments Web site at ni.com • • • • © National Instruments Corporation for technical support and professional services: Support—Online technical support resources at include the following: –...
  • Page 151 Worldwide Offices section of office Web sites, which provide up-to-date contact information, support phone numbers, email addresses, and current events. NI 6232/6233 User Manual Calibration Certificate—If your product supports calibration, you can obtain the calibration certificate for your product at ni.com/calibration...
  • Page 152 A measure of the capability of an instrument or sensor to faithfully indicate the value of the measured signal. This term is not related to resolution; however, the accuracy level can never be better than the resolution of the instrument. Application development environment. © National Instruments Corporation NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 153 The process of getting an instrument ready to perform a function. For example, the trigger circuitry of a digitizer is armed, meaning that it is ready to start acquiring data when an appropriate trigger condition is met. NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 154 When that relationship is known, the instrument may then be adjusted (calibrated) for best accuracy. calibrator A precise, traceable signal source used to calibrate instruments. © National Instruments Corporation Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 155 The number of events, such as zero crossings, pulses, or cycles. counter 1. Software. A memory location used to store a count of certain occurrences. 2. Hardware. A circuit that counts events. When it refers to an instrument, it refers to a frequency counter. NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 156 Data acquisition system timing controller chip. data acquisition The general concept of acquiring data, as in begin data acquisition or data acquisition and control. See also DAQ. © National Instruments Corporation ® ) port. SCXI modules are considered DAQ devices. Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 157 Static digital I/O refers to signals where the values are set and held, or rarely change. Dynamic digital I/O refers to digital systems where the signals are continuously changing, often at multi-MHz clock rates. digital isolator Provides voltage isolation between its input and output. NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 158 A voltage pulse from an external source that causes a DAQ operation to begin. EXTREF External reference signal. © National Instruments Corporation Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 159 Also called non-referenced signal sources. Some common examples of floating signal sources are batteries, transformers, and thermocouples. FREQ OUT Frequency Output signal. frequency The number of alternating signals that occur per unit time. Feet. NI 6232/6233 User Manual ni.com...
  • Page 160 Input/Output—The transfer of data to/from a computer system involving communications channels, operator interface devices, and/or data acquisition and control interfaces. impedance 1. The electrical characteristic of a circuit expressed in ohms and/or capacitance/inductance. 2. Resistance. © National Instruments Corporation Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 161 An electrical break between any two signals or planes up to a given voltage. isolation barrier An electrical break between two electrical planes providing a given or set amount of electrical isolation. Current does not flow or transfer between the two sides of the isolation barrier. NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-10 ni.com...
  • Page 162 An MIO product can be considered a miniature mixed signal tester, due to its broad range of signal types and flexibility. Also known as multifunction DAQ. © National Instruments Corporation = 1,000 Hz. Hz = 1,000,000 Hz. –6 G-11 Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 163 National Instruments. NI-DAQ The driver software needed to use National Instruments DAQ devices and SCXI components. Some devices use Traditional NI-DAQ (Legacy); others use NI-DAQmx. NI-DAQmx The latest NI-DAQ driver with new VIs, functions, and development tools for controlling measurement devices.
  • Page 164 2. A digital port, consisting of four or eight lines of digital input and/or output. posttriggering The technique used on a DAQ device to acquire a programmed number of samples after trigger conditions are met. © National Instruments Corporation instrumentation amplifier. G-13 Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 165 The time from the rising to the falling slope of a pulse (at 50% amplitude). A rugged, open system for modular instrumentation based on CompactPCI, with special mechanical, electrical, and software features. The PXIbus standard was originally developed by National Instruments in 1997, and is now managed by the PXIbus Systems Alliance. PXI Express PCI Express eXtensions for Instrumentation—The PXI implementation of...
  • Page 166 RTSI Real-Time System Integration. RTSI bus Real-Time System Integration bus—The National Instruments timing bus that connects DAQ devices directly, by means of connectors on top of the devices, for precise synchronization of functions. Seconds. Samples.
  • Page 167 A circuit that responds to the voltage on one input terminal and ground. See also single-ended output A circuit whose output signal is present between one output terminal and ground. NI 6232/6233 User Manual differential input. G-16 ni.com...
  • Page 168 Gate setup time. Gate pulse width. Timebase The reference signals for controlling the basic accuracy of time or frequency-based measurements. For instruments, timebase refers to the accuracy of the internal clock. © National Instruments Corporation G-17 Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 169 USB 2.0 retains compatibility with the original USB specification. Volts. Common-mode voltage. Ground loop voltage. Volts, input high. Volts, input low. Volts in. NI 6232/6233 User Manual G-18 ni.com...
  • Page 170 See channel. waveform 1. The plot of the instantaneous amplitude of a signal as a function of time. 2. Multiple voltage readings taken at a specific sampling rate. © National Instruments Corporation G-19 Glossary NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 171 4-2 sampling channels with AI Sample Clock and AI Convert Clock, B-2 signal sources, 4-12 signals, 4-19 timing signals, 4-19 triggering, 4-11 troubleshooting, B-1 analog output circuitry, 5-1 connecting voltage signals, 5-4 data generation methods, 5-2 NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 172 4-10 hardware-timed generations, 5-3 period measurement, 7-8 pulse-width measurement, 7-7 semi-period measurement, 7-10 two-signal edge-separation measurement, 7-20 NI 6232/6233 User Manual interface, 11-1 RTSI, 10-3 cables, 2-4, A-3, A-6 custom, 2-4 cabling choosing for your device, 1-2 calibration certificate (NI resources), C-2...
  • Page 173 7-26 triggering, 7-32 troubleshooting, B-3 counting edges, 7-3 crosstalk when sampling multiple channels, B-1 custom cabling, 2-4 DACs, 5-1 DAQ hardware, 2-1 DAQ system, 2-1 DAQ-STC2, 2-2 data acquisition methods, 4-9 generation methods, 5-2 Index NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 174 6-4 I/O protection, 6-1, 8-5 programmable power-up states, 6-1, 8-6 triggering, 12-1 digital isolators, 4-2, 5-2 NI 6232/6233 User Manual as a transfer method, 11-3 changing data transfer methods, 11-4 controllers, 11-1 documentation conventions used in manual, xv...
  • Page 175 DAQ, 2-1 installing, 1-1 hardware-timed acquisitions, 4-10 hardware-timed generations, 5-3 help, technical support, C-1 I/O connector, 3-1 NI 6232 pinout, A-1 NI 6233 pinout, A-4 I/O protection, 6-1, 8-5 input signals using PFI terminals as, 8-2 using RTSI terminals as, 10-6...
  • Page 176 7-9 single two-signal edge-separation, 7-19 two-signal edge-separation, 7-19 using quadrature encoders, 7-16 using two pulse encoders, 7-18 NI 6232/6233 User Manual measuring high frequency with two counters, 7-12 large range of frequencies using two counters, 7-13 low frequency with one counter, 7-10...
  • Page 177 PXI Express chassis compatibility, 11-2 PXI_CLK10, 10-8 PXI_STAR filters, 10-9 trigger, 10-8 quadrature encoders, 7-16 range, analog input, 4-2 real-time system integration bus, 10-3 reciprocal frequency measurement, 7-13 reference clock 10 MHz, 10-3 external, 10-2 related documentation, xvi Index NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 178 AI Start Trigger, 4-28 analog input, 4-19 analog output, 5-5 AO Pause Trigger, 5-7 AO Sample Clock, 5-8 NI 6232/6233 User Manual AO Sample Clock Timebase, 5-10 AO Start Trigger, 5-6 connecting analog voltage input, 4-11 connecting analog voltage output, 5-4...
  • Page 179 4-6 using PFI terminals as static digital I/Os, 8-3 as timing input, 8-2 to export timing output signals, 8-3 using RTSI as outputs, 10-5 terminals as timing input signals, 10-6 using short high-quality cabling, 4-7 Index NI 6232/6233 User Manual...
  • Page 180 Index voltage connecting analog input signals, 4-11 connecting analog voltage, 5-4 waveform generation signals, 5-5 Web resources, C-1 wiring, field, 4-18 NI 6232/6233 User Manual X1 encoding, 7-16 X2 encoding, 7-17 X4 encoding, 7-17 I-10 ni.com...

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