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Zeiss Axiolab Pol Operating Manual

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Axiolab Pol
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Operating manual

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  • Page 1 Axiolab Pol Microscope Operating manual...
  • Page 2 All rights reserved in the event of granting of patents or registration of a utility model. This manual is not covered by an update service. Issued by: Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH Zeiss Gruppe Unternehmensbereich Mikroskopie D 07740 Jena...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    1.2.2 Optical structure of the Axiolab Pol ........
  • Page 4 ........2 18 2.6.3 Reflected light bright field (for equipment 0.3 and 0.5 only - Axiolab Pol with reflected lighting) ..2 23 2.6.4 Reflected light polarisation (for equipment 0.3 and 0.5 only - Axiolab Pol with reflected lighting)
  • Page 5 Axiolab Pol Page APPLICATION EXAMPLES Transmitted light applications ........

  • Page 6: List Of Figures

    ........Figure 1 4 Accessories for the Axiolab Pol microscope equipment ....
  • Page 7 Axiolab Pol Page Figure 2 26 Polariser assembly ...........

  • Page 8: Note

    Axiolab Pol NOTE • The figures integrated in the text each have a figure number and a caption, e.g. "Figure 2 3" signifies: the figure in Section 2 with the serial number 3. In each figure, details discussed in the text are assigned a reference line marking and an item number.

  • Page 9: General View

    Axiolab Pol GENERAL VIEW...
  • Page 10 Axiolab Pol...

  • Page 11: Notes On Device Safety

    Axiolab Pol NOTES ON DEVICE SAFETY The Axiolab Pol microscopes including original accessories must only be used for the microscopy applications described in this manual. The manufacturer cannot assume any liability for any other applications, possibly also involving individual modules or single parts. This also applies to all service or repair work that is not carried out by authorised service personnel.
  • Page 12 Axiolab Pol The Axiolab Pol microscopes are protective class I units. The mains plug must only be inserted in a socket that is equipped with a protective earthing contact. This protective measure must not be rendered ineffective by using an extension cord without a PE conductor.

  • Page 13: Description

    The Axiolab Pol polarisation microscopes are light microscopes that can be used in research, industry and training for all application areas that call for polarisation optical contrasting and determination of optical characteristics of primarily anisotropic, transparent and/or opaque materials, e.g.

  • Page 14: Figure 1 1 Main Assemblies Of The Axiolab Pol

    Axiolab Pol 1.2.1 Main assemblies and their characteristics Figure 1 1 Main assemblies of the Axiolab Pol...
  • Page 15 Axiolab Pol • Axiolab Pol stand (450910) with integrated stabilised 25 W power supply for transmitted and reflected light, integrated transmitted light unit according to KÖHLER featuring a 6 V 25 W halogen lamp; fixed lens turret with 4 fold single centring; stage change position and coaxial coarse/fine drive, focusing acting on the specimen stage.

  • Page 16: Figure 1 2 Optical Schematic Of The Axiolab Pol

    Axiolab Pol 1.2.2 Optical structure of the Axiolab Pol (with reference to the example of the Axiolab Pol with binocular photo tube 30°/20 Pol D/A) Figure 1 2 Optical schematic of the Axiolab Pol...

  • Page 17: Technical Data 1

    • Axiolab Pol with binocular tube Pol D/A Equipment 0.3) ..180 x 375 x 465 mm • Axiolab Pol with binocular photo tube Pol D Equipment 0.4) ..180 x 245 x 495 mm •...

  • Page 18: Operation

    Axiolab Pol (2) Ambient conditions Storage and transport (in packaging) Permissible ambient temperature ..........
  • Page 19 Axiolab Pol Luminous flux at 6 V ............. . .

  • Page 20: Figure 1 3 Axiolab Pol Microscope Equipment

    Axiolab Pol Overview of assemblies 10.2 10.1 Figure 1 3 Axiolab Pol microscope equipment...
  • Page 24 Axiolab Pol 11.1 18.2 11.2 20.1 20.3 20.2 11.3 13.1 16.2 7.1 to 7.10 22.6 15.2 15.1 22.4 22.5 13.2 16.3 12.2 12.1...
  • Page 25 Axiolab Pol with binocular tube 30°/20 Pol D 490973 9804 Axiolab Pol with binocular tube 30°/20 Pol D/A 490975 9804 Axiolab Pol with binocular photo tube 30°/20 Pol D 490977 9804 Axiolab Pol with binocular photo tube 30°/20 Pol D/A 490979 9804...
  • Page 26 Axiolab Pol Accessories for the Axiolab Pol microscope equipment Order No. Eye cup 444801 Lenses: Plan Neofluar 1.25 x / 0.04 440300 Plan Neofluar 2.5 x / 0.075 Pol 440313 Epiplan Neofluar 2.5 x / 0.075 Pol 442313 Antiflex cap for lens 2.5 x...
  • Page 27 Axiolab Pol Accessories for the Axiolab Pol microscope equipment Order No. 7.11 Coloured glass carrier (filter holder, swivelling) 451834 Phase contrast: ABBE condenser 0.9/1.25 with turret disk 455303 Recommended Ph lenses: Achroplan 10 x / 0.25 Ph 1 440031 Plan Neofluar 40 x / 0.75 Ph 2 440351 Achroplan 100 x / 1.25 Oil Ph 3...
  • Page 28 Axiolab Pol Accessories for the Axiolab Pol microscope equipment Order No. for 6.1: front optics 0.6 / d = 4.2 LD Pol 445330 (Please enquire about heating chambers from 196° to 1500° from Messrs. Linkam und Mettler.) Lighting unit HAL 12 V 100 W, consisting of: 11.1...
  • Page 29 Axiolab Pol Accessories for the Axiolab Pol microscope equipment Order No. Microscope camera equipment MC 80 for miniature photography 24 x 36, consisting of: 18.1 Base MC 80 456011 18.2 Film cartridge, 35 mm Mot 456070 18.3 Projection lens P 2.5 x for MC 80 456021 18.4...
  • Page 30 Axiolab Pol Accessories for the Axiolab Pol microscope equipment Order No. 21.3 TV adapter 60 C 1/2" 0.5x 456106 21.4 Video zoom adapter 0.4x 2x C mount 456123 TV adapter ENG for 3 chip CCD cameras - colour / high resolution 21.5...
  • Page 31 Axiolab Pol Accessories for the Axiolab Pol microscope equipment Order No. Adaptation for spectral photometer please inquire Grind press 478962 + Units that are absolutely necessary for the accessories "Y" listed above them...
  • Page 32 Axiolab Pol...

  • Page 33: Setting Up The Unit

    Axiolab Pol Operation Setting up the unit The basic Axiolab Pol unit in its five variants, including accessories, is delivered in commercially usual packaging. It is advisable to keep the transport receptacles in case prolonged storage or returning to the manufacturer should be necessary.

  • Page 34: Figure 2 2 Screwing In Lenses 2

    Axiolab Pol • Remove the microscope from the transport receptacle and place it on the intended place of work. • Remove the plastic sleeve (2 1/3) from the unit. • Remove the transport lock (2 1/5). • Remove adhesive strips that secure the various operator controls during transport.

  • Page 35: Figure 2 3 Inserting The Condenser

    Axiolab Pol (3) Inserting the condenser Figure 2 3 Inserting the condenser • Remove the condenser Pol from the packaging. • By means of the coarse drive (2 3/1), raise the rotary stage Pol to the stop position. • After lowering the condenser drive via the rotary knob (2 3/8) and by undoing the screw (2 3/3), insert the condenser from the front into the guide fork;...

  • Page 36: Figure 2 4 Fitting The Reflected Light Lamp

    Axiolab Pol (4) Fitting the lamp HAL 25 (for equipment 0.3 and 0.5 only) Figure 2 4 Fitting the reflected light lamp • Detach the dust protection cover (2 4/5). • To do this, undo the hexagon screw (2 4/2) (ball head screwdriver (2 4/1)) and position the lamp HAL 25 (2 4/4) with the dovetail guide (2 4/3);...

  • Page 37: Figure 2 5 Fitting The Filter Slide

    Axiolab Pol (5) Filter slide (for equipment 0.3 and 0.5 only) Figure 2 5 Fitting the filter slide • Place the filters (2 5/2) suitable for the intended microscopy method in the filter slide (2 5/3), e.g. - attenuation filter 0.06 (6 % permeability) - attenuation filter 0.25 (25 % permeability)

  • Page 38: Figure 2 6 Connecting To The Mains

    Axiolab Pol (6) Connecting to the mains Figure 2 6 Connecting to the mains IMPORTANT Check whether the voltage value indicated on the fuse holder agrees with the mains voltage! • If necessary, remove the fuse holder (2 6/1) from the housing by simultaneously pressing the two spring tabs in the direction indicated by the arrows.

  • Page 39: Figure 2 7 Switching On The Unit

    Axiolab Pol (7) Switching on the unit Figure 2 7 Switching on the unit • Place the unit on the affiliated support (2 7/9). • Switch on the unit by the On/Off switch (2 7/6). - The green mains pilot lamp in the knob of the switch must light up.

  • Page 40: Commissioning

    (2 7/1). Commissioning When commissioning the Axiolab Pol microscope for the first time, unpack the unit as described in Section 2.1 and set it up, connect it and prepare it for operation.

  • Page 41: Lens Selection

    Axiolab Pol Lens selection The lenses represent the core of the microscope. They may be marked as follows, for instance: 50x/0.80 R/0.17 : the lens magnification factor 0.80 : the "numeric aperture" : infinite image distance 0.17 : calculated for covered specimens with a cover glass thickness of 0.17 mm...

  • Page 42: Using The Eyepieces

    Figure 2 8 Using the eyepieces The binocular tubes (2 8/1) used on the Axiolab Pol have two tubes of constant length. Owing to their constant length, at least one of the eyepieces must be a focusing eyepiece (foc.) to balance out visual acuity problems.

  • Page 43: Figure 2 9 Using The Eyepieces Pol Or With Reticule Plates

    Axiolab Pol When using the eyepiece Pol (2 9/4) or when using an eyepiece with reticule and format plates (2 9/6)), two focusing eyepieces are needed. The slight displacement of the image caused by reticule or format plates is compensated on the dioptre scale of the E Pl 10x/20 spec.

  • Page 44: Meanings Of The Symbols On The Tube

    Axiolab Pol (3) Aligning the eyepiece E Pl 10x/20 spec. foc (444232) with the reticule micrometer 14 : 140 (454060) Alignment of the reticule micrometer according to the oscillation direction of the polariser (e.g. for the application in Section 4.1.3 (2)) requires the following procedure: Prerequisite •...

  • Page 45: Illumination And Contrast Methods

    Axiolab Pol Illumination and contrast methods 2.6.1 Transmitted light bright field (1) Setting the unit for transmitted light bright field observation Depending on the chosen equipment, the following settings (Figure 2 10) must be made for trans mitted light bright field observation.

  • Page 46: Figure 2 10 Working With Transmitted Light

    Axiolab Pol Figure 2 10 Working with transmitted light...
  • Page 47 Axiolab Pol • Reduce the lamp voltage (2 10/7) to approx. 2 ... 3 V. • Place a transmitted light specimen rich in contrast with its specimen carrier side (thicker glass) onto the specimen stage (2 10/16). • Swivel in the 10x lens (yellow marking ring) on the lens turret (2 10/6).

  • Page 48: Figure 2 11 Centring The Lenses 2

    Axiolab Pol (2) Centring the lenses 440943 CP–ACHROMAT 20x/0,40 Pol oo/– Figure 2 11 Centring the lenses When turning the stage Pol (2 11/3) and when lenses are not centred, details of the specimen wander beyond the middle of the eyepiece cross on circular paths (2 11/1 - dashed line). Carry out the following steps to centre the lenses: •...

  • Page 49: Figure 2 12 Köhler Lighting

    Axiolab Pol (3) Adjusting the condenser - KÖHLER lighting principle Figure 2 12 KÖHLER lighting • Activate the 10x lens by turning the lens turret (2 12/1). Sharply focus the specimen. • Close the aperture diaphragm (2 12/5) to half the diameter (middle position).

  • Page 50: Transmitted Light Polarisation

    Axiolab Pol 2.6.2 Transmitted light polarisation (1) Setting the unit for transmitted light polarisation The settings described in the Section entitled "Transmitted light bright field" are a prerequisite for this method. Carry out the following: • Set the unit as described in Section 2.6.1 (1), corresponding to the available equipment.

  • Page 51: Figure 2 15 Analyser (Equipment 0.3 0.5)

    Axiolab Pol Equipment 0.3 to 0.5 100 90 Figure 2 15 Analyser (equipment 0.3 - 0.5) The analyser is integrated in the binocular tube Pol and can be rotated by 180°. In the 90° position, the analyser's direction of oscillation is fixed at the works to the NORTH SOUTH direction.

  • Page 52: Figure 2 16 Polariser Variants

    Axiolab Pol (3) Switching on / aligning the polariser 453620 453617 Figure 2 16 Polariser variants The polariser is located underneath the condenser. Depending on the equipment, one of two pola riser variants is used: Swivelling polariser (453617) with the...
  • Page 53 Axiolab Pol (4) Conoscopy (equipment 0.2 to 0.5) The interference phenomena that a detail of the specimen produces in the rear focal plane of trans mitted light lenses is frequently used for material diagnosis. (See Section 3.1.3 (6) and (7)) for further details of this method.)

  • Page 54: Figure 2 17 Conoscopy 2

    Axiolab Pol Figure 2 17 Conoscopy • The maximum light output of the lamp is required for conoscopy, i.e. the "Luminous intensity" control (2 17/2) must be turned fully (6 V). NOTE On particularly small specimen details, disturbing interferences from neighbouring specimens can be excluded effectively by slightly lowering the specimen stage (move the fine drive forward, in counter clockwise direction by approx.

  • Page 55: Reflected Light Bright Field (For Equipment 0.3 And 0.5 Only - Axiolab Pol With Reflected Lighting)

    2.6.3 Reflected light bright field (for equipment 0.3 and 0.5 only - Axiolab Pol with reflected lighting) (1) Setting the unit for reflected light bright field observation The following basic settings must be made for reflected light bright field observation: •...

  • Page 56: Figure 2 19 Working In Reflected Light

    Axiolab Pol (2) KÖHLER lighting in reflected light Figure 2 19 Working in reflected light • Set the "Luminous intensity" control (2 19/8) to approx. 2 ... 3 V. • Place a reflected light specimen rich in contrast (ground specimen) onto the rotary stage, if necessary, lower the rotary stage with the coarse drive (2 19/9) according to the height of the specimen and, if necessary, lower the stage carrier (see Section 2.7.1 (3)).
  • Page 57 Axiolab Pol • Close the aperture diaphragm (2 19/4) approximately halfway by turning the setting wheel in the downward direction. • Open the luminous field diaphragm completely by turning the setting wheel (2 19/6) in the upward direction. • When viewing into the binocular tube (2 19/2), a bright circle (the eyepiece diaphragm) can be recognised with each eye.

  • Page 58: Reflected Light Polarisation (For Equipment 0.3 And 0.5 Only - Axiolab Pol With Reflected Lighting)

    2.6.4 Reflected light polarisation (for equipment 0.3 and 0.5 only - Axiolab Pol with reflected lighting) (1) Unit settings for reflected light polarisation The settings described in the reflected light bright field section are a prerequisite for use of this method.
  • Page 59 Axiolab Pol The analyser is integrated in the binocular tube Pol and can be rotated by 180°. The analyser's oscillation direction is orientated at the works to the NORTH SOUTH direction, when in the 90° position. NOTE The following settings can be ignored if you have already been working with trans mitted light polarisation and the analyser is aligned as described in Section 2.6.2 (2).

  • Page 60: Using And Replacing The Modules

    Axiolab Pol Using and replacing the modules 2.7.1 Rotary stage Pol (1) Specimen mount Figure 2 21 Specimen mount / latch The included stage springs (2 21/3) serve to mount the specimen on the rotary stage (2 21/8) . They are inserted in two of the three holes (2 21/9) and, depending on the size of the specimen carrier or the scan area, they are placed diagonally, opposite each other or in parallel.

  • Page 61: Figure 2 22 Working On The Stage

    Axiolab Pol (2) 45° latch • The 45° latch is activated by turning the screw (2 21/6) on the vernier scale of the stage (2 21/5) to the right and it is release in the opposite direction (approx. 1/4 turn).

  • Page 62: Binocular Tubes

    Axiolab Pol 2.7.2 Binocular tubes (1) Inserting the depolariser (for equipment 0.1 only) A depolariser is absolutely necessary for analyses of dichroitic or pleochroitic materials (see applica tion in Section 3.1.2 (1)). The binocular tubes Pol of the equipment 0.2 to 0.5 have depolarisers integrated in the tube.

  • Page 63: Figure 2 24 Replacing Tubes

    Axiolab Pol (2) Replacing tubes Pol Figure 2 24 Replacing tubes Except for the tube belonging to equipment 0.1 (see 2 23/1), the tubes Pol are secured on the stand by means of two screws. • To replace tubes, first remove the cover cap (2 24/1). Undo the screw below it (2 24/3) with the ball head screw driver (2 24/2).
  • Page 64 HBO 100 or XBO 75 NOTE In the reflected light tube, the Axiolab Pol microscope has a permanently installed screen and so the lamp must be adjusted with the lamp detached. • Install the lamp or light source and connect it to the external power supply unit as described in the above mentioned instructions.

  • Page 65: Replacing Condensers

    Axiolab Pol 2.7.3 Replacing condensers Figure 2 25 Replacing the condenser • Raise the rotary stage Pol to the stop by means of the coarse drive (2 25/2). • Lower the condenser carrier by means of the condenser drive (2 25/1) and undo the clamping screw (2 25/3).

  • Page 66: Fitting And Replacing The Polariser

    Axiolab Pol 2.7.4 Fitting and replacing the polariser Figure 2 26 Polariser assembly • The swivelling polariser (2 26/5) is secured at two screw on points (2 26/2 and 3) under the condenser carrier (2 26/1). • For installation or removal, use the ball head screwdriver (2 26/6) and a normal screwdriver. For installation, first secure the screw (2 26/4) at the screw in point (2 26/3) and then the screw (2 26/7) at the screw in point (2 26/2).

  • Page 67: (Accessory 445313 For Equipment 0.4 And 0.5)

    Axiolab Pol 2.7.5 Assembling and using the overview unit, swivelling for lens 1.25x (accessory 445313 for equipment 0.4 and 0.5) For overview observation in a specimen field Ø = 16 mm (when using the Plan Neofluar 1.25x/0.04 ∞ lens / accessory 440300) in transmitted light bright field or polarisation mode, the above mentioned overview unit is needed to illuminate the field.

  • Page 68: Assembling The Circular Polariser D (Accessory 453623)

    Axiolab Pol 2.7.6 Assembling the circular polariser D (accessory 453623) • After removing the polariser and, if necessary, the latching rod (see Section 2.7.4), the circular polariser D and the extended latching rod can be fitted analogously to the polariser D, rotating.

  • Page 69: Assembly And Use Of A Phase Contrast Unit (Accessory 445303 Or 445366)

    Axiolab Pol • On the control for the rotary bearing (2 28/1), turn the plate until maximum extinction (dark grey field of vision) is achieved (the lever points 45° to the right). • An (anisotropic) specimen should not be observed until the above mentioned adjustments have been made.

  • Page 70: Figure 2 29 Phase Contrast Unit For Equipment 0.4 And 0.5

    Axiolab Pol • After undoing the screw (2 29/1) with the ball head screwdriver (2 29/4), take out the bright field insert (2 29/2) and replace it by the turret disk (2 29/5). • On both condensers, turn the turret disk to the position HF or H by way of the read off index (2 29/8).

  • Page 71: Figure 2 30 Abbe Condenser 0.9/1.25 2

    Axiolab Pol • Swivel in the lens 10x Ph1, if available, and allow the affiliated ring diaphragm Ph1 to engage on the turret disk. • Complete phase contrast is achieved only if the dark phase ring in the lens and the "bright"...

  • Page 72: Microphotography / Video Microscopy / Photometry (Equipment 0.4 And 0.5 Only)

    Axiolab Pol Microphotography / video microscopy / photometry (equipment 0.4 and 0.5 only) With the aid of the push rod (2 10/4) on the binocular photo tube, the Axiolab Pol microscope can be switched over from visual observation to microphotography/video microscopy("...

  • Page 73: Microphotography

    Axiolab Pol 2.8.1 Microphotography In relation to microphotographic units, attention must be paid to the individual operating instructions listed below in addition to the information given in this manual: G 42 406/II 35 mm SLR cameras for microscopes and stereomicroscopes...

  • Page 74: Figure 2 34 Connecting The Microscope Camera

    Axiolab Pol (2) Miniature photography with the micro scope camera MC 80 • Detach the dust protection cap (2 34/6) and insert the microscope MC 80 connec tor (2 34/5) in the photo tube (2 34/7) and secure it with the three hexagon screws (2 34/8).

  • Page 75: Figure 2 35 Connecting The Microscope Camera Mc 100 2

    Axiolab Pol (3) Miniature photography with the micro scope camera MC 100 (integral and spot exposure metering) • Detach the dust protection cap (2 35/6) and insert the microscope camera connec tor (2 35/5) in the photo tube (2 35/7) and secure it with the three hexagon screws (2 35/8).

  • Page 76: Figure 2 36 Connecting The Microscope Camera Mc 80 For Large Format 4X5

    Axiolab Pol (4) Large format photography with the microscope camera MC 80 • Insert the connector of the microscope camera MC 80 (2 36/6) in the photo tube (2 36/8) and secure it with the three hexagon screws (2 36/9).

  • Page 77: Video Microscopy (Equipment 0.4 And 0.5 Only)

    2.8.2 Video microscopy (equipment 0.4 and 0.5 only) On the Axiolab Pol microscopes, video microscopy is possible via the photo tube using TV adapters and video zoom adapters. The video zoom adapters with continuously variable factors within the range from 0.4x 2.0x permit reproduction of standard enlargements on video prints.

  • Page 78: Photometry (Equipment 0.4 And 0.5 Only)

    Axiolab Pol 2.8.3 Photometry (equipment 0.4 and 0.5 only) Refer to the instructions B 40 030 for a description of the microscope photometer and how to use Photometry with the attachment photometer MPM 100 (accessory 457325) is possible on Axiolab Pol equipment with a photo tube and via the photo/TV connector.
  • Page 79 Axiolab Pol • Remove the dust protection cap (2 38/4) and, instead, connect the connector 44 20 (2 38/3) of the MPM to the photo output. • Insert the attachment piece 60 44 (2 38/2) (accessory 456140) in the connector 44 20.
  • Page 80 Axiolab Pol...

  • Page 81: Application Examples

    Axiolab Pol Application examples Transmitted light applications 3.1.1 Determinations without polarisers (transmitted light bright field) Generally, the production of a thin grind or a dispersion specimen is a prerequisite for assessment. Among other things, the following can be assessed on such a prepared specimen: •...

  • Page 82: Figure 3 1 Transmitted Light Bright Field Determinations

    Axiolab Pol To do this, the following prerequisites must be created on the microscope: • Prepare the microscope as described in Section 2.6.1 (1) to (3). • Switch off the polarisers (3 1/4) and the analyser. (To do this, pull the push rod (3 1/2) or the analyser slide ((3 1/1) - equipment 0.1 only -).

  • Page 83: Determinations With A Polariser (Dichroism)

    Axiolab Pol 3.1.2 Determinations with a polariser (dichroism) (1) Assessment of dichroism or pleochroism When linear polarised light passes an anisotropic object with a slightly absorbing characteristic, a direction dependence of this absorption can frequently be observed. When the rotary stage Pol is rotated, the intensity of absorption or, in certain circumstances also the colour of the specimen as the result of wavelength dependence changes.
  • Page 84 Axiolab Pol • Set up the microscope as described in Section 2.6.1 (1) to (3) and position the analysed specimen in the middle of the field of vision (over the reticule, if available). • Swivel in the polariser (3 2/6) and push in the analyser push rod (3 2/2) or the analyser slide ((3 2/1) - equipment 0.1 only -) and, if applicable, align the polars as described in Section 2.6.2 (2, 3).

  • Page 85: Determinations With Crossed Polarisers

    Axiolab Pol in the direction of the beam (see Section 3.1.3 (1)). To determine them individually, illuminate the specimen with linear polarised light analogously to Section 3.1.2 (1) and turn the specimen to the extinction position with the polars previously crossed. Switch off the analyser (3 1/2). The deter mined refractive index now refers to the oscillation direction given by the polariser (and marked with the horizontal part of the eyepiece reticule, if installed).
  • Page 86 Axiolab Pol Proceed as follows for the assessment: • Prepare the microscope as described in Sections 2.6.1 (1) to (3) and 2.6.2 (1) to (3). Position the specimen to be analysed in the middle of the field of vision (over the reticule, if available).
  • Page 87 Axiolab Pol Further settings on the microscope are: • Prepare the microscope as described in Sections 2.6.1 and 2.6.2 (1) to (3) and pay attention to exact lens centring! • Pull out the analyser push rod (3 2/2) or, for equipment 0.1, the analyser slide (3 2/1).

  • Page 88: Figure 3 3 Working With Compensators

    Axiolab Pol (3) Determining the oscillation direction n of the specimen γ ' 100 90 Figure 3 3 Working with compensators The locations of the two directions with a higher (n ) or lower (n ) refractive index on an γ...

  • Page 89: Figure 3 4 Determining The Oscillation Direction

    Axiolab Pol • Turn the stage to the next latching position; the specimen is now in the diagonal position and is at its brightest here, e.g. in grey white (see also Figure 3 4/ -400 Figure 3 4 Determining the oscillation direction n with reference to a synthetic fibre γ'...

  • Page 90: Figure 3 5 Schematic Depiction Of The Colour Chart For The Addition And Subtraction Positions

    Axiolab Pol (4) Determining the path difference with reference to the MICHEL LEVY colour chart The interference colour of a specimen in the diagonal position, compared with the colour/path difference order of the MICHEL LEVY colour chart, results in only a rough path difference statement with an accuracy of around "10 ...
  • Page 91 Axiolab Pol (5) Measuring path differences (equipment 0.2 to 0.5 only) Measuring compensators (accessories 3.6 to 3.10) are needed to precisely measure path differences. They lead back to zero (black of the first order), i.e. they compensate the path difference generated by the specimen.
  • Page 92 Axiolab Pol ∗ After inserting the compensator l and rotating the specimen by 90° - latching 2x - the white remains as the interference colour, but it is a "higher order" white and therefore the path differ ence is more than > 6 l.
  • Page 93 Axiolab Pol (6) Recognising anisotropic specimens in the conoscopic beam path A decision a to whether optical isotropy or anisotropy is encountered, which is not always clear in the orthoscopic beam path, can mostly be improved by means of the conoscopic beam path.

  • Page 94: Figure 3 6 Determining The Optical Character

    Axiolab Pol (7) Defining the optical character of anisotropic specimens on a conoscopic image Crystalline anisotropic specimens can be separated into optically single axis and two axis speci mens, each with an "optically positive" or "negative" character. In most cases, single axis specimens show a narrow black cross in parallel with the oscillation...

  • Page 95: Objective Determination Methods

    For objective determination, e.g. of transmission on a wide diversity of substances, (simple) trans mitted light photometry is a particularly suitable instrument. The attachment photometer MPM 100 (Accessory 457325), adapted to the Axiolab Pol (Section 2.8.3) optimally fulfils these require ments.

  • Page 96: Reflected Light Applications

    Axiolab Pol Reflected light applications The reflection capacity, colour and structural characteristics are important diagnostic characteristics of opaque materials. Combined with further attributes such as determination of micro hardness or characteristic anisotropy properties, many substances are described to an adequate extent.

  • Page 97: Determination With The Polariser (Bireflection)

    Axiolab Pol • Prepare the microscope as described in Section 2.6.3 (1) to (3). • Switch off polarisers (3 7/3) (marking on the " " symbol) and, if necessary, reduce the lighting aperture (3 7/2). • Optimally adjust lighting of the specimen (bright, but without dazzling); to do this, use a neutral and grey filter, using a conversion filter for colour assessment (3 7/1).

  • Page 98: Determination With Crossed Polarisers

    Axiolab Pol 3.2.3 Determination with crossed polarisers Optical anisotropy between crossed polars is the result of dispersion of the light or an interaction of the differences between the light refraction index (double refraction) and absorption coefficients effective on the material of the surface, which cause a change in the polarisation condition that is dependent on the direction (and on intersection).

  • Page 99: Objective Determination Methods

    Ore minerals can be identified uniquely by determining their reflection capacity and micro hardness. The BOWIE TAYLOR diagram and the affiliated tables are helpful here. The MHP 10 from Messrs. PAAR can be adapted to the Axiolab Pol for determining micro hardness (please enquire).
  • Page 100 Axiolab Pol...

  • Page 101: Care And Troubleshooting

    When using the Axiolab Pol in moist and warm climate zones, pay attention to the following notes: • Store the Axiolab Pol microscope in bright, dry and well ventilated rooms with a humidity less than 75 %;...

  • Page 102: Troubleshooting And Servicing

    Axiolab Pol Troubleshooting and servicing Troubleshooting on the Axiolab Pol microscope is limited to only a few activities: • Check the mains power supply • Check the lighting unit - Replace fuses as described in Section (1) - Replace the halogen lamp on the transmitted light unit as described in Section (2)

  • Page 103: Figure 4 2 Lamp Replacement (Transmitted Light) 4

    Axiolab Pol (2) Replacing the lamp on the transmitted light unit (HAL S 5 A 6 V 25 W) Proceed as follows when replacing the lamp of the built in transmitted light unit: • Switch off the lamp's power supply with the on/off switch (4 2/1);...

  • Page 104: Figure 4 3 Lamp Replacement (Reflected Light)

    Axiolab Pol (3) Replacing the lamp on the reflected light unit (HAL S 5 A 6 V 25 W) Proceed as follows when replacing the lamp on the reflected light unit: • Switch off the lamp's power supply with on/off switch; allow the lamp to cool down.

  • Page 105: Figure 4 4 Replacing The Lamp On The Lighting Unit Hal

    Axiolab Pol (4) Replacing the lamp on the lighting unit HAL (HAL 12 V 100 W) Carry out the following activities when replacing the lamp of the lighting unit HAL: • Switch off the lamp by means of the on/off switch on the power supply.
  • Page 106 All tampering on optical parts or motion elements in the interior of the unit or work on the electrics of the Axiolab Pol may only be carried out by service specialists or specially authorised personnel. For servicing, contact your nearest regional representative or...

  • Page 107: Ec Conformity Declaration

    Axiolab Pol APPENDIX • Certification in accordance with DIN ISO 9001 / EN 29001 / EN 46001 • EC conformity declaration • List of key words • List of abbreviations • References • MICHEL LEVY colour chart...
  • Page 108 Axiolab Pol...

  • Page 109: Figure 2 11 Centring The Lenses

    Axiolab Pol List of key words Page ABBE condenser ............
  • Page 110 Axiolab Pol Page Filter slide .............
  • Page 111 Axiolab Pol Page Main assemblies ............
  • Page 112 Axiolab Pol Page Reflected light applications ..........
  • Page 113 Axiolab Pol List of abbreviations Aperture diaphragm Opening (across flats) AL, A Reflected light achr. Achromatic apl. Aplanatic ASTM American Society of Testing Materials Blue glass Bandpass C, C Mount Camera thread Conversion blue (daylight filter) Communautés Européennes (European Communitiy) CISPR Comité...
  • Page 114 Axiolab Pol Inifinity Colour corrected System International Electrotechnical Commission Interference Filter International Protection International Organization for Standardization Wavelength of light Long Distance Light Emitting Diode Long pass man. Manual Microscope camera Micro hardness tester Mot., mot. Motor driven Mikroskop photometer N = 0,6 Neutral filter with a transmission of 0.06 (¢...
  • Page 115 Freund, H. (Herausgeber): Handbuch der Mikroskopie in der Technik - 8 Bände Umschau Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1954 ff. Gahm, J.: Quantitative polarisationsoptische Messungen mit Kompensatoren ZEISS Mitteilungen 3, 153 - 192, 1964 Galopin, R., und Henry, N.F.M.: Microscopy study of opaque minerals Heffer and sons, Ltd., Cambridge 1972 Heinrich, E.
  • Page 116 Academic Press, New York 1964 Zschach, S.: Zirkularpolarisation im Durchlicht mit den Mikroskopen Axioskop®, Axioplan® und Axiophot®, MICRO INFO, Edition 33, Juni 1993 Carl Zeiss, Geschäftsbereich Mikroskopie, 07745 Jena Zussmann, J.: Physical Methods in Determinative Mineralogy Academic Press, London New York 1967...

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