Polaroid Land SX-70 User Manual
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Polaroid Land SX-70 User Manual

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  • Page 3 I - DESCRIPTION A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Polaroid Land SX-70 is a folding, pocket The four element lens has a maximum aperture sized, single-lens reflex camera which takes of f/8, and a focusing rang from 10,4 inches to and immediately delivers full-color pictures infinity.
  • Page 4 Figure 1-3 Opened for picture taking The subject is viewed and focused throught the cycle to prepare for the next exposure. Following taking lens, a mirror, a Fresnel viewing screen thenth exposure, the flash circuit is inhibited until (with spilt-image focusing aid) and a optical a fresh film is inserted.
  • Page 5 When the camera is fully opened, the interlock 2. Loading the Film pack switch (S6), located at the left rear corner of The front coverlatchis located on the right side the mirror cover, is closed and the battery is of the camera just inside the rim of the bottom connected to the camera electrical circuit.
  • Page 6 Gears in the front cover must engage the main front edge of the front cover. The camera is now gear train of the camera before the gear train ready to take the first picture. is put into motion. A switch (S7) located in the forward section of the gear train compartment initiates the application of power to the gear 4.
  • Page 7 Figure 1-8 Viewing and shooting shutter to initiate a series of events. The shutter The shutter opens and closes to perform the blades close to cut off the optical path. The exposure function. hinged Fresnel viewing screen is swung upward and comes to rest in front of the fixed viewing A first-surfaced taking mirror is fastened to mirror (Figure 1-8 B).
  • Page 8 Instead, 8. Developing the print the image appears as a direct positive. Since As in orther Polaroid pack cameras, the picture the final product is an opaque print, it is viewed is developed ouside the camera. Unlike previous by reflection.
  • Page 9 (openong spring) holds the shutter blades between the manner in which it functions and the wide open (Figure 1-10). The lens thus provides function of other Polaroid electronic shutters. No maximum viewing / focusing brilliance. Solenoid manually adjustable or fixed aperture is employed.
  • Page 10 When the release button is pressed, a switch When the solenoid has reached the end of its S1 closes (Figure 1-11 A and B) and applies stroke (shutter closed, it no longer requires operating power to the shutter. As soon as power maximum current to hold it at that postion.
  • Page 11 to an adequate level to hold the solenoid after the motion of the blades is such that all of the factors high-current circuit has completed the solenoid involved are continously variable throughout the operating function and switches on the motor exposure period.
  • Page 12 mechanical device identified as the interceptor When the flash delay period reaches completion, connected to the lens focusing mecchanism the circuitry removes the holding current from (Figure 1-13 A). the interceptor is moved as solenoid #2. Since the solenoid is an electro- the lens is focused regardless of whether mechanical device, removing power from it ambient-light or flash pictures are being taken.
  • Page 13 Figure 1-13 B Interceptor link, Solenoid 2, S2 operation - Solenoid energized Figure 1-14 S5 being opened by the recock ram (Gear train)
  • Page 14 In cameras with «P» configuration or later shutter there is no ambient light measurement made. If a flash bar is in the shutter socket a flash picture will result regardless of the ambient light level. On early cameras, an ambient light measurement is made during the flash delay period.
  • Page 15 II - THEORY OF OPERATION A. INTRODUCTION A general description of the camera and the The battery has adequate capacity to expose sequence of its functions is contained in all 10 film frames with at least six months of Section I. In that section, detailed analysis of expected shelf life.
  • Page 16 Figure 2-2 Viewfinder optics (exposing) the subject passes through the camera lens and 1. Fresnel (Figures 2-3 A and 2-3 B) is reflected by the viewing mirror (on the inside The special Fresnel (pronouced Freh-nell) surface of the mirror cover) to the Fresnel viewing screen is employed to enhance the viewing screen.
  • Page 17 To further ease focusing, are transmission devices while the Polaroid the image within the split circle appears brighter screen is a reflecting medium. Otherwise, the than the rest of the Fresnel image.
  • Page 18 2. Viewfinder mirror, the 6-edges viewing mirror is used in the The viewfinder optics consist of an eye lens, a optical path twice. First, the light rays entering concave mirror and a wafer lens (Figure 2-4). As the camera from the taking lens are reflected in all simple optical system, a certain amount of onto the Fresnel screen by the viewing mirror.
  • Page 19 The entire ECM (rather tna its individual b- Switch S2 places the circuitry into the flash integrated circuits) is used as a remplacement mode. Switch S2 si closed when the flash bar item. For that reason, the theory of operation and is inserted into the FFA on the top of the shutter analysis techniques presented in this manual housing.
  • Page 20 S3 opens and actuates a delay circuit (Y delay) not closed as in other Polaroid cameras. in the EMC which retards the start of the actual exposure approximately 40 milliseconds so...
  • Page 21 Figure 2-8 S4 Switch operating configurations damage to the circuit in the event that flashbulb f- Switch S6 is closed by openong the camera becomes short-circuited after it is fired. to the picture taking position. Its disconnects the negative side of the battery from the commun return (ground) when the camera is folded to assure the removal of power from the circuit.
  • Page 22 h- Switch S8 (Figure 2-8 A) is part of the exposure counter operated by the counter wheel. As S7 closes, power is applied, ejecting the dark slide. After the dark slide ejection, the counter wheel turns, opening S8. S8 then remains open until the film pack is removed.
  • Page 23 mechanical coupling device set the exposure taken until mirror bounce has subsided. counter to the position just before the first h- At the end of the 40 millisecond delay period, exposure and closed S8, but since S7 has the ECM removes power from solenoid #1 and the removed all battery power no action occurs).
  • Page 24 k- If the operator has removed pressure from at the aperture for flash exposure at the set exposure button all power will be removed and distance (Figure 1-13). The interceptor latches the shutter blades will open to permit viewing. in this position. At this time, the ECM removes If the button has not been released, the shutter the power from solenoid #2.
  • Page 25 F. SHUTTER MECHANICAL DETAILS image into focus, a cam molded into the rear (Figure 2-9) surface of the focus wheel moves the component identified as the cam follower assembly. The The following paragraphs describe the manner in trim link coupled to the trim assembly is pinned which the mechanical components of the shutter to the cam follower in such a way that follower respond to either manual or electrical direction.
  • Page 26 The operation of this control differs slightly from (flash mode), solenoid #2 is energized. Fastened those used on other Polaroid cameras. When to the plunger is pull down bar. when the plunger the camera is folded, a cam on the shield of...
  • Page 27 S5 and then S3 The basic theory of the film processing method at certain Fresnel carrier angles. Opening S5 remains unchanged from previous Polaroid stops the motor after it has made only a brief jog. system. That is , the developping chemistry is Opening S3 starts the «Y»...
  • Page 28 partial pack : the top of the sheet of film would At the end of the flash delay (the blades at be ejected as a dark slide and the counter would this point are open to the aperture dictated by registrer «10».
  • Page 29 EXPOSURE / PROCESS OPERATION SEQUENCE S9 opens when previous pack removed ● S6 closed during the erecting mode ● S8 closed until film cover ejected ● Gears between front cover and gear train ● mesh as cover closes (3 & 4 idler) S7 closes during front cover closure ●...
  • Page 30 III - TROUBLESHOOTING A. INTRODUCTION B. INITIAL TESTS The Sx-70 camera is an electronically controlled Do not make any arbitrary assumptions. An device, the electronics being in the integrated assembly or component should be thoroughly circuits (IC) mounted in the Electronic Control tested to determine whether or not it is performing Modul (ECM) and Flash Fire Assembly (FFA) its function correctly.
  • Page 31 SX-70 CMAERA REPAIR INSPECTION PROCEDURE A. FUNCTIONAL TEST C. FINAL VISUAL 1. Perform light leak test. 1. Check optical path. 2. Check focus and trim wheel torque. 2. Fresnel cosmetics (per standards chart). 3. Check trim wheel reset ±2 teeth and front Split image.
  • Page 32 C. TEST EQUIPMENT OPERATION Checkout the SX-70 camera requires the use of several pieces of test equipment. The purpose of this section is to instruct you in the proper use of this equipment. 1. Power supply and pack simulator (Figure 3-1) In use the system subsitutes for the film pack, giving a steady, reliable source of power.
  • Page 33 a. Collimation of the Split Image Viewing System. NOTE : If the collimator is not available, set the focus wheel to infinity and look at a scene at least 200 feet away. Observe that the focus is sharp within a tolerance of -1 tooth to +2 teeth beyond the infinity setting of the focus wheel.
  • Page 34 (2) Open the camera front cover slide the camera onto the horn of the collimator. Make sure that the camera is all the way on the horn so that the camera is captured by the spring latches. (3) Swing the collimator infinity lens to its vertical position.
  • Page 35 (8) Look through the camera and observe the interrelated units : the Comparalumen calibrated vertical line target. Compare the observed ligh source, the electronics module, and the image with Figure 3-4 to determine if the mounting horn or holding fixture. The purpose camera is within specifications.
  • Page 36 Figure 3-7 Model B Camera tester b. Ambient mode exposure test three times). The exposure readings observeted must be within specifications. (1) Place the S2 switch int he OPEN position. Set the voltage to 5.8 volts (9) Move the light level selector to 6.25. Repeat steps 5 through 7.
  • Page 37 more times. The READY and FLASH indicator camera using a square of cardboard or other lamps should sequence as in step 3. material. (12) Depress the exposure button and observe (6) On the flash simulator assembly, press and release the RESET button. the APERTURE meter.
  • Page 38 (4) Slide the camera fully onto the horn. (3) Select the 800 cdls/ft² on the Comparalumen and position the camera at the right-hand (5) Select the light level desired on the screen. Comparalumen and slide the horn up against the appropriate window. (Position the horn so (4) Rotate the RANGE switch to the 10.4’’...
  • Page 39 Figure 3-8 Light leak test system camera in the mirror up picture taking position). cycle completion and remove the fixture. (Both of these tests must be done in a darkened (4) Turn off the power. aera.) (5) Repair any light leaks noted in the previous testing.
  • Page 40 c. Install the flash simulator board into the camera function tester ahs a built-in power supply. The flashbar socket in the same way as a flashbar steps listed in paragraph b., Test, apply to both would be installed . units. Remember, if the shutter tests satisfactorily at 5 volts, the test must be repeated at 6.4 volts.
  • Page 41 MANUAL FUNCTION TEST SEQUENCE Test Mode Action Shutter Response S6/S7 Close S6/S7 No reaction (Blades open, motor off) Press and release S1 button to check for mechanical binding. Observe current drain. AMBIENT Exposure Remove flash array from Mode shutter. Close S1 Blades close;...
  • Page 42 Figure 3-11 SX-70 Viewfinder system D. OPTICAL SYSTEM Viewfinder quality refers to the general quality and «clicking» will be heard when the gage is secure. alignment of the camera optics. For the user, it can be precisely defined as the appearance and clarity of the image as seen through the viewing system (Figure 3-11).
  • Page 43 lines (Figure 3-13). d.Close one eye and view the exit pupil image in the gage. e. To be within acceptable limits, the pupil (a bright circular image) must appear in the center of the square opening in the face of the gage. If the pupil is not in the center, adjust the optics system according to instructions in Section IV «Viewfinder Sytem».
  • Page 44 3. Concave Mirror Distortion Check 4. Fresnel Quality Check a. Focus on a target which presents a clear The Fresnel screen must be examined for blemishes, shadows, dirt, scratches, etc. A vertical line (for example a door frame). standards chart (Figure 3-16) is available for b.
  • Page 45 you to a chart. In all cases, the fault analysis used only after the shutter has been unsoldered charts present the logical sequence of checks from the camera. If repairs and/or replacements and remedial procedures. These charts are are indicated, the procedures are described in divided into three parts : Section IV.
  • Page 46 Figure 3-18 Flex circuit terminal locations 1. Camera/Shutter Isolation NOTE : One 10 pad flex circuits, these are the TP6 and TP30 terminals. One 8 pad circuits, To expedite the repair procedure, it is essential these are TP4 and TP21 terminals. One 7 pad that the malfunction be isolated to either the flex circuits, where the PNP pad is eliminated, camera back or the shutter as early as possible...
  • Page 47 d. With the 1000 ohm resistor still in place, connect a jumper wire between the motor (minus TP9 contact) and the battery (minus TP1 contact) for a moment : (1) If the motor runs, the MMC is defective. (2) If the motor does not run, the motor is defective e.
  • Page 49 IV - REPAIR AND ADJUSTMENTS 3. Apply pressure to the side of the cover adjacent INTRODUCTION to the cover hing aera. Press toward the gear This section of the manual is primarily devoted train side of the camera. This will release the to disassembly/reassembly procedures.
  • Page 50 Figure 4-1 Front cover hinge studs Repairs / Adjsutments 1. Loose Front Covers Some cameras have been detected with loose front covers due to improper latching. This problem occurs when the «knife edge» of the front cover latch is not firmly, and/or correctly seated in the latch retainer, thereby causing excess «play»...
  • Page 51 Figure 4-3 Bending the stop latch Figure 4-4 Comparison of decal before and after front cover closure...
  • Page 52 1. Interference Between When making any repairs requiirng replacement Front and Bottom Covers of either the spread system or the front cover assembly, replace the old spread system with A few cameras may have an interference fit a new one. If you install a new spread system between the S7 actuator post and the edge of in an old front cover, you must remove the light the bottom cover when the front cover is opened.
  • Page 53 B. MIRROR COVER / BOOT ASSEMBLY The mirror cover assembly consists of the mirror cover, the boot, and the viewing mirror. Because of its construction, ti is not feasible to disassemble the mirror cover assembly itself and, therefore, whenever one of its major components fails the entire assembly is replaced.
  • Page 54 5. In the following step, the bottom cover will be 8. Remove the four shutter housing retaining removed. To prevent damage to the flex circuit, screws from the rear of the shutter mounting insert a thin strip (a small, metal, six-inch pocket hinge bracket (Figure 4-9).

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