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WARNING – When using electric products, basic precautions should always be followed, including the following:
1) Read all the instructions before using the product.
2) Do not use this product near water – for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, in a wet basement, or near a
swimming pool or the like.
3) This product should be used only with a cart or stand that is recommended by the manufacturer.
4) This product, in combination with an amplifier and headphones or speakers, may be capable of producing sound
levels that could cause permanent hearing loss. Do not operate for a long period of time at a high volume level or at a
level that is uncomfortable. If you experience any hearing loss or ringing in your ears, you should consult an audiologist.
5) The product should be located so that its location does not interfere with its proper ventilation.
6) The product should be located away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, or other products that produce
heat.
7) The product should be connected to a power supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as
marked on the product.
8) The power-supply cord of the product should be unplugged from the outlet when left unused for a long period of time.
9) Care should be taken so that objects do not fall and liquids are not spilled into the enclosure through openings.
10) The product should be serviced by qualified personnel when:
a) The power-supply cord or the plug has been damaged; or
b) Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled onto the product; or
c) The product has been exposed to rain; or
d) The product does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in
performance; or
e) The product has been dropped or the enclosure damaged.
11) Do not attempt to service the product beyond that described in the user-maintenance instructions. All other servicing
should be referred to qualified service personnel.
DANGER: INSTRUCTIONS PERTAINING TO RISK OF FIRE, ELECTRIC SHOCK, OR INJURY TO PERSONS: Do not open the chassis.
There are no user serviceable parts inside. Refer all servicing to qualified personnel only.
GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS:
This product must be grounded. If it should malfunction or breakdown, grounding provides a path of least resistance for
electrical current to reduce the risk of electric shock. This product is equipped with a cord having an equipment grounding
connector and a grounding plug. The plug must be plugged into an appropriate outlet that is properly installed and
grounded in accordance with all local codes and ordinances.
DANGER – Improper connection of the equipment-grounding connector can result in a risk of electric shock. Check with a
qualified electrician or serviceman if you are in doubt as to whether the product is properly grounded. Do not modify the
plug provided with this product – if it will not fit in the outlet, have a proper outlet installed by a qualified electrician.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
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Table of Contents
Related Manuals for Moog Monimoog VOYAGER ELECTRIC BLUE
Summary of Contents for Moog Monimoog VOYAGER ELECTRIC BLUE
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Page 1: Important Safety Instructions
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS WARNING – When using electric products, basic precautions should always be followed, including the following: 1) Read all the instructions before using the product. 2) Do not use this product near water – for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool or the like. -
Page 2: Table Of Contents
Acknowledgements – Thanks to Bob Moog for designing yet another fantastic music making machine! Thanks are also due to the Moog Music Team, Rudi Linhard of Lintronics for his amazing software, and all the great folks who contributed design ideas, and of course, you – the Moog Music customer. -
Page 3: Getting Started
Before you get started with your Voyager, please fill out your warranty registration card and send it to Moog Music Inc. This will activate your warranty and is a vital piece of information for us to provide you with the best service. - Page 4 Backlit Panel. When it is all the way counter-clockwise, the panel light is OFF. When the intensity control is all the way clockwise the panel light is all the way ON. Moog Music recommends running this at 33% intensity when in use, and turning the lamp OFF when not in use.
- Page 5 Start Playing! The quickest way to hear what the Voyager has to offer is to listen to the presets. Pressing the +1 or –1 buttons will access a new preset. If the sound does not change, then “Quick mode” is not active – simply press ENTER to load the new sound. Presets 001 –...
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Page 6: The Basics Of Analog Synthesis
II. THE BASICS OF ANALOG SYNTHESIS For those getting started in the world of electronic music, let’s take a few moments to go through the basics of sound and synthesis. This will help you understand what the front panel controls do. In order to understand synthesis, one must have a basic working knowledge of the characteristics of sound. - Page 7 Amplitude – The strength of a sound’s vibration measured in Decibels (dB). This corresponds to the musical term Loudness (figure 4). Harmonic Content – A sound is made up of simple vibrations at many different frequencies (called harmonics) which give a sound its particular character. This corresponds to the musical term timbre or tone color.
- Page 8 In general, “synthesis” refers to the generation of sound through a group of amplified circuits over which the programmer/performer has power to change volume, pitch, timbre and articulation. The Minimoog Voyager is based on what is called “subtractive synthesis”. This method of synthesis employs a harmonically rich (think bright-sounding) source material, and then removes frequency components to create the desired sound.
- Page 9 Filter: A circuit that removes some frequencies and allows other frequencies to pass through the circuit. A filter has a cutoff frequency that determines the point at which frequencies begin to be removed. A lowpass filter is one in which frequencies above the cutoff frequency are removed and all frequencies below the cutoff are passed through.
- Page 10 Control Voltage - Control voltages (also called CVs) are used in analog synthesizers to affect changes in the sound. In the case of pitch, pressing a key on the keyboard sends a control voltage that determines the pitch of the oscillators. The pitch can also be changed by a voltage provided from a panel control, such as an oscillator tuning control.
- Page 11 modulate filter cutoff. Modulation is used in synthesis to create complex sounds and add variation. Envelope Generator - An envelope describes the contours that affect the characteristics of a sound as it evolves in time from its start to its finish. Take a plucked string for example: when a string is plucked, its amplitude is suddenly very loud, then dies out gradually.
- Page 12 For instance - an LFO with a triangle waveform at about 6 Hz modulating the pitch of a VCO sounds like vibrato. The same LFO with a square wave will sound like a trill (figure 10). An LFO modulating a voltage controlled amplifier will sound like a tremolo.
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Page 13: The Voyager's Features
III. The Voyager’s Features The minimoog Voyager is a monophonic analog synthesizer that is a descendant of the classic minimoog. Its sound sources are an external audio input, a noise source, and three analog, variable waveform oscillators. The Voyager has front panel controls for real time control of its parameters (figure 12). - Page 14 The back panel offers the many connections available, including the power, MIDI, CV, and audio connections (figure 13). For the Control Inputs, a blue nut indicates a gate/footswitch input and a red nut indicates a CV/ expression pedal input. - The Oscillator section includes controls for choosing the octave, the tuning of the second and third oscillators, the oscillators’...
- Page 15 - When a key is pressed, A Gate and Pitch CV are produced by the keyboard. The Gate signal is used to trigger both the Filter and Volume Envelopes. The Pitch CV is used to determine the pitch of the Oscillators and can be applied to a varying degree to the Filters through the Keyboard Control Amount knob (fig 15).
- Page 16 - The LFO is assigned through the MOD Busses. It features a triangle and square wave. It is also used to trigger the Sample and Hold. - The touch surface controller can generate three continuous control signals (X,Y,A) simultaneously, and a gate is produced when the surface is touched. The position of a finger on the touch pad generates a control voltage for horizontal (X) position and a control voltage for vertical (Y) position.
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Page 17: The Voyager's Components
IV. The Voyager’s Components MIXER The Mixer combines the main sound sources of the Voyager. It’s the place to start when creating a new sound from scratch, or figuring out how a sound is put together. All the sound sources can be turned on or off, and their levels can be adjusted. - Page 18 EXTERNAL AUDIO IN: The External Audio in allows an external audio source to be routed into the mixer, where it can be mixed with the VCOs and Noise source, then passed to the filters and the out put. The LED above the External input begins to light up as the Input signal to overdrives the Mixer input.
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Page 19: Oscillators
B. OSCILLATORS The Oscillators are the main sound source of the Voyager. The oscillators in the Voyager are all analog Voltage Controlled Oscillators, or VCOs. They feature a temperature regulation circuit that provides them with excellent tuning stability. The VCOs can produce a total musical range of 8 ½ octaves! In addition, the frequency of oscillator 3 can be set to sub-audio (<20Hz) vibrations for use as a second LFO. - Page 20 relative to Osc. 1. This allows more than one frequency to be played when a key is pressed, or to get a very swirly sound when the oscillators are slightly out of tune. Oscillator 1 does not have a frequency control because it is designed to serve as a reference oscillator for the other 2 oscillators.
- Page 21 1 FM: Direct Linear Frequency Modulation of Osc. 1 by Osc. 3 When an Oscillator is used as a CV source for another VCO, it is called Frequency modulation. Frequency Modulation effects can vary from vibrato or trill effects to clangorous inharmonic sounds to rich timbres that evoke acoustic sounds.
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Page 22: Filters
FILTERS Ahh… the Moog filter – the sound that started it all… Filters are used for transforming the character of an audio signal. Filters modify a sound by stopping some frequencies and allowing others to pass through. An important term regarding filters to understand is “Cutoff Frequency”. - Page 23 When the resonant peaks of the lowpass filters pass through the overtones of the sound being filtered, those overtones are reinforced. This gives the filter a nice character that sounds vocal, quacky, or zappy, depending on how it’s used. When the resonance is turned up past 8, the filters begin to self-oscillate at the cutoff frequency, producing a sine wave tone.
- Page 24 HIGHPASS LOWPASS MODE: In Highpass/Lowpass mode, the Voyagers filters are configured as a lowpass and highpass filter in series, summed to both outputs. As with the dual lowpass mode, the Cutoff control changes the cutoff frequency of both filters, and the spacing sets the frequency difference between the highpass filter and lowpass filter.
- Page 25 When the Spacing control is centered, the cutoff frequencies of the two filters are identical and the filter sounds like a classic Moog Filter. Setting the Spacing control to +1 in Dual Lowpass mode means that the right filter has a cutoff frequency equal to where the Cutoff knob is set, and the left frequency has a cutoff frequency that is one octave higher than the right filter.
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Page 26: Envelope Generators
D. ENVELOPES When we think of a musical sound, say a plucked string, we think of it as having a start and an end. In the case of a plucked string, it begins with a burst of energy and then slowly fades out until it is silent. In synthesis terms, this is called an envelope –... - Page 27 DECAY: This Control sets the Decay time of the EGR from 1 msec to 10 seconds. SUSTAIN: This is a level control for the sustained part of the envelope. RELEASE: This is the time for the envelope to return to zero, from 1 msec to 10 seconds. AMOUNT TO FILTER: For the filter envelope, this is the control that adjusts the amount that the filter envelope signal modulates the filter.
- Page 28 ENVELOPE GATE INPUT: This input accepts a footswitch or gate signal. Pressing the footswitch or applying a gate signal (+5V) triggers both envelopes when On/External is selected by the ENV. GATE switch. RELEASE INPUT: This input accepts a footswitch or gate signal. Pressing the footswitch or applying a gate signal (+5V) enables the Release of the Envelopes regardless of the position of the Release switch on the Left Hand Controller panel.
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Page 29: Main Output
E. MAIN OUTPUT The Voyager has two audio outputs. There is a VCA for each output, which allows for stereo effects such as Panning or the Dual lowpass filtering. The main control for the Volume is the Master Volume Control. The Volume Envelope modulates the output VCAs. -
Page 30: Mod Busses
F. MODULATION BUSSES Modulation is the heart of making interesting sounds with analog subtractive synthesis. The Voyager’s two Modulation busses open up a world of modulation possibilities that were not available on the original Minimoog. The Mod Busses allow the user to select a variety of modulation sources, their destinations, addition shaping of the amount of modulation, and a maximum level. - Page 31 There are three modifiers to the Amount of modulation: the Amount control, the Shaping CV, and the Mod Wheel or MOD1 input level. The Amount level is the final level control which sets how much both the Mod Wheel/ MOD1 Input and the shaping CV allow the mod source through to the mod destination.
- Page 32 comes out of the keyboard is either on or off, thus pressure can be used as a switch that gives a boost to the amount of modulation. - ON/PGM: This is a programmable shaping for the mod bus with ON as the default. Shaping sources can be programmed in EDIT mode using the “PGM Shaping 1 SRC”...
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Page 33: Lfo/ Sample And Hold
LFO/ SAMPLE AND HOLD The Voyager has a dedicated LFO and SAMPLE and HOLD. The LFO produces triangle and square waves that oscillate from .2 to 50 Hz. There are triangle and square wave outputs that can be selected as Modulation sources in the Mod Busses. - Page 34 LFO SYNC: The LFO Sync switch sets the trigger method for starting the LFO waveform. OFF/SYNC: This setting allows the LFO to be free running, unless there is an input to the SYNC jack on the back panel. The SYNC jack accepts a +5 V Clock Signal that retriggers the LFO.
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Page 35: Keyboard And Left Hand Control Panel
KEYBOARD AND LEFT HAND CONTROL PANEL The Voyager has a 44 note keyboard (3 ½ octaves F to C), like the original minimoog. Unlike the original minimoog, the keyboard can produce velocity CVs, a pressure CV, and transmit MIDI note on and note off messages. To the left of the keyboard is the Left Hand Controller Panel. -
Page 36: The Touch Surface Controller
TOUCH SURFACE CONTROLLER The touch surface controller is a real-time three-dimensional control surface. It can be used to impart complex gestures to the sound of the Voyager by touching it, moving a finger around on it or tapping it. A movement from left to right is the X-axis, up and down is the Y-axis, and the amount of area covered is the third control signal generated, called ‘A’. -
Page 37: The Back Panel
Gate Signal. ACCESSORY PORT: This is designed for accessories from Moog Music – The VX-351 Voyager CV Expander It contains the output of the analog gates and CVs from the Voyager. With the VX-351, the Voyager becomes more like a modular synth. -
Page 38: The User Interface/Voyager Software Version 2.5
K. THE USER INTERFACE/ VOYAGER SOFTWARE VERSION 2.5 1. The Interface The interface for the minimoog Voyager’s software functions is in the center of the instrument (figure 25). (figure 25) The display is a LCD screen in the center. When the unit is first powered on, the screen will read the message: The message will stay on the screen for approximately 5 seconds, then the screen will display the current active preset. -
Page 39: Master Mode
2. MASTER Mode MASTER mode accesses the global settings for the Voyager and the routines for sending and receiving data. To enter MASTER mode, press the MASTER button. The following is the Master Menu: 1.1 LCD Contrast 1.2 MIDI Local Keyb. 1.3 MIDI Merge Func. - Page 40 internally generated MIDI messages. When sequencing, this function should be turned off to prevent “double triggering” caused by a MIDI loop. 1.4 MIDI PRG. CHANGE Program Change Receive On/Off. This enables or disables the Voyager’s reception of MIDI program changes. When this is off, only the +/- 1 buttons change the Voyager’s presets.
- Page 41 utility will replace any presets that are in memory, so be sure to back up any presets you want to save before going through this process. 3.4 PROGRAMMABLE SYSEX DEVICE ID This function can be used in a situation where more than one Voyagers are in a setup.
- Page 42 velocity output from the keyboard. Hard requires a harder touch to output higher velocity values. 4.4 COPYRIGHT INFO/ FACTORY SETUP MENU Copyright Info, shows the copyright dates, as well as the author of this software, Rudi Linhard (Thanks, Rudi!). This is the entry page to the Factory Setup menu – simply press the +1 button to see the Factory Setup Menu.
- Page 43 2.0 power on logo. There is no difference in performance, but the new Power-On screen displays the Moog logo and the software version. To change the appearance of the Power on screen, select “Power-On Screen”...
- Page 44 - MIDI Software capable of sending a generic Sysex bank file (.syx) or Standard MIDI file (.mid) Many sequencers are capable of opening Sysex files and sending Sysex data. If you do not own one of these, check out “MIDI-OX”, a MIDI utility software for PC available online at www.midiox.com.
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Page 45: Edit Mode
3. EDIT Mode EDIT Mode is used to determine parameters of a preset not accessible through the front panel and to name and save presets. EDIT mode is entered by pressing the EDIT button. When this is done, a list appears that displays the different options. Using the +1 or –1 buttons moves the cursor to highlight a new line. - Page 46 RECALL will be highlighted. Press ENTER, and the display will prompt “Recall the last edited sound? Yes/No”. Use the cursor button to select Yes and press ENTER. You will now hear the changes you made to the preset. At this point if you want to keep those changes, you can save the preset.
- Page 47 PROGRAMMABLE MOD WHEEL DESTINATION is a function that allows the user to program 1 of 8 additional modulation destinations to be used when the DESTINATION switch for the Mod Wheel Mod Bus is set to LFO RATE/PGM. Enter EDIT mode, and use the +1 button to highlight PGM M-WHL DEST.
- Page 48 the Mod Source is let through to the Destination. The Programmable Shapers also allow an offset value to be applied, added to the Shaper itself. Using the programmable Shapers is useful for creating presets that respond in complex ways – for instance – you could assign BOTH key pitch and velocity as your programmable shaping sources.
- Page 49 Headphone Volume The Fixed Value can be used by itself or added to one of the Shaping sources. It has a course adjustment, called “High” and a Fine adjustment, called “Low”. Both the High and Low values are adjustable from -64 to +64. The CURSOR button moves the cursor between the Shaping Source, the High fixed value and the low fixed value.
- Page 50 − Gate is OFF 5.1 T.S. DESTINATION Touch Surface Destination. Highlighting this item and pressing ENTER accesses a menu that shows the different outputs of the Touch surface: X, Y, A, Gate. The screen looks like this: Touch Surface X Touch Surface Y Touch Surface A Touch Surface Gate...
- Page 51 − volume attack − volume decay − volume sustain − volume release − key cv (pitch of all 3 oscillators across range of keyboard) − osc 1 octave (pitch of single oscillator across range of keyboard) − osc 2 octave (pitch of single oscillator across range of keyboard) −...
- Page 52 that axis does not modulate the destination. 50% means that the amount of the touch surface output adds 50% of the total range of that control to its present value. For example, if the Filter cutoff is the destination of touch surface x, the amount is set to 50%, and the Cutoff knob is fully counter clockwise, the maximum X value (all the way to the right) would make a change in the filter cutoff equal to turning the Cutoff knob to the mid-position.
- Page 53 − Osc. 3 Octave − Osc. 3 Waveform − Ext. Audio Level − Osc.1 Level − Osc. 2 Level − Osc. 3 Level − Noise Level − Filter Cutoff − Filter Spacing − Filter Resonance − Filter KB Control Amount −...
- Page 54 − Filter Spacing − Filter Resonance − Filter KB Control Amount − Filter Attack − Filter Decay − Filter Sustain − Filter Release − Filter Envelope Amount − Volume Attack − Volume Decay − Volume Sustain − Volume Release − Master Volume −...
- Page 55 The default settings for the rest of the Voyager’s parameters are as follows: pitch bend amount ----- fourth keyboard mode --------- lower key priority trigger mode ---------- single trigger filter a -------------- 4 pole filter b -------------- 4 pole filter env gate ------- env gate input (jack) amplitude env gate ---- env gate input (jack) touch surface x dest.
- Page 56 pot map 2 source ------ key pitch pot map 2 dest. ------- filter resonance pot map 2 direction --- inverse pot map 2 amount ------ off pot map 3 source ------ mod. wheel pot map 3 dest. ------- filter spacing pot map 3 direction --- normal pot map 3 amount ------ off pot map 4 source ------ foot pedal 1...
- Page 57 F G H W X Y cursor backward space * “ & < > cursor forward shift Once a name is entered, it must be saved to be stored in memory. Below is the routine for saving presets. 6.4 SAVE PRESET SAVE PRESET allows the user to store all the Voyager’s current front panel settings, Pitch Bend Amount, Programmable Mod Sources and Destinations, Keyboard Mode, Trigger Mode, and Preset Name to one of 128 Memory locations.
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Page 58: Panel Mode
4. PANEL Mode PANEL Mode is used to access presets and other performance functions. Pressing the PANEL button accesses PANEL mode. This lights the LED above the PANEL button, and the preset number is displayed. Note that the previous sound is stored until the ENTER button or the +1/-1 buttons are pressed. - Page 59 This does not appear as an option in the Panel Menu – but is used in conjunction with “Receive Presets” in Master Mode. In Master Mode, make sure Sysex is enabled in “Receive Presets”. Once this is done, a single preset can be received to the current active preset location in Panel mode.
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Page 60: Midi
5. MIDI Software Version 2.0 for the minimoog Voyager contains an extensive MIDI implementation. The MIDI channel for transmission and reception is selected in the MASTER mode. It is remembered after power down. MIDI Transmission and Reception includes: Note On messages: The Voyager is a monophonic synthesizer, and responds to Note On messages based on the Note Priority and Trigger Mode selected. - Page 61 Osc. 1 Octave 74 (Value 0-15 = 32’; 16-31 = 16’; 32-47 = 8’; 48-63 = 4’; 64-79 = 2’; 80-127 = 1’) Osc. 1 Waveform 9 MSB 41 LSB Osc. 2 Frequency 10 MSB 42 LSB Osc. 2 Octave 75 (Value 0-15 = 32’;...
- Page 62 MIDI CLOCK When the LFO SYNC switch is set to “MIDI”, a MIDI clock signal retriggers the start of the LFO cycle, similar to the way Oscillator Sync works. Because the Voyager has an analog LFO – the LFO Rate itself is not automatically set to the clock frequency –...
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Page 63: Appendix A: Caring For Your Voyager
With proper conservation, you can expect your lamps to last for many years. Moog Music will be stocking replacement lamps – which can be installed at the factory. -
Page 64: Appendix C: Midi Implementation Chart
Appendix C: MIDI IMPLEMENTATION CHART Moog Music Inc. 03/04/04 Minimoog Voyager MIDI Implementation Chart Version 2.0/030404 Function… Transmitted Recognized Remarks Basic Default 1-16 1-16 Memorized Channel Changed 1-16 1-16 Memorized Default *Note Priority is user Mode Messages selectable Altered **All Notes Off... -
Page 65: Appendix D: Vx-351 User's Guide
But just when you thought you had heard it all from the Voyager, Moog Music introduces to you … the VX-351 CV Expander! Take a quick peak at the back of your Voyager and you will notice a plethora of jacks color coded with red and blue nuts –... - Page 66 - Getting Started - Understanding the VX-351 - Documenting your work - Using the VX-351 and the minimoog Voyager together - Adding a moogerfooger® CP-251 to the mix… - Connecting other CV compatible equipment. - Technical Information GETTING STARTED with the VX-351 Important! Please read the instructions before attempting to use the VX-351 with your minimoog Voyager! 1) Inspect the contents of the carton.
- Page 67 3) Now let’s start with a basic sound and see how the VX-351 can work with the Voyager. - Power up the Voyager – press the EDIT button. - In the EDIT menu select “Init. Parameters”, press ENTER, select YES and press ENTER again.
- Page 68 Understanding the VX-351 The VX-351 is organized by section – similar outputs are grouped together. Here’s the rundown… TOUCH This group of outputs is generated from the Touch Surface Controller. There are three CVs (X, Y, and A) and one gate signal. X: This is the CV generated by left to right (horizontal) position of contact with the touch surface.
- Page 69 LFO: This group of outputs is generated from the Voyager’s LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator) circuit. There are two CV waveforms here – triangle and square TRIANGLE: This is the triangle wave output of the LFO. SQUARE: This is the square wave output of the LFO. BUSSES: This group of outputs is generated by the Mod Buss signals.
- Page 70 Documenting your work One thing to keep in mind is that although the Voyager can remember the settings of the front panel controls as a preset, it cannot save the routings of patch cables or the positions of the attenuators. We recommend having a list of the outputs with a space to document destinations like so: Source Destination...
- Page 71 Using the VX-351 and the minimoog Voyager together The following are some ideas for using the VX-351 with the minimoog Voyager. A) Mod wheel controls amount of both Mod Buss signals. This is a really useful way to use the Mod Wheel as a controller for more than one type of modulation.
- Page 72 - Initialize the Voyager’s parameters - Using a ¼” cable, connect the VX-351 LFO Square Output to the Voyager’s Envelope Gate Input. - Switch the Envelope Gate switch at the bottom right corner of the front panel to “On/External”. You should immediately hear a note repeating at the LFO rate. These are just a few examples of the functions that a VX-351 adds to a Voyager.
- Page 73 C) Sample and hold staircase patterns A Sample and Hold circuit can be used for more than generating random voltages. One type of modulation pattern that can be achieved is called “Staircase” modulation. It is achieved by feeding a slow triangle wave into the sample and hold input –...
- Page 74 Connecting other CV compatible equipment We’ve covered some basic uses of the Voyager and the VX-351 – and even added a CP-251 to the mix. Other CV compatible equipment like our moogerfooger analog effects can be added to liven up the proceedings. Other CV compatible equipment can be connected as well.
- Page 75 VOLUME: 0 to +5 V, 330 Ω output impedance. S & H STEP: Max. -2 to +2 V Nominal, 330 Ω output impedance. SMOOTH: Max. -2 to +2 V Nominal, Ω output impedance. Moog Music Inc. 554C Riverside Dr Asheville, NC 28801 800-948-1990 www.moogmusic.com...