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Order toll-free in the U.S.: Call 877-877-BBOX (outside U.S. call 724-746-5500) FREE technical support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week: Call 724-746-5500 or fax 724-746-0746 SUPPORT Mailing address: Black Box Corporation, 1000 Park Drive, Lawrence, PA 15055-1018 INFORMATION Web site: www.blackbox.com • E-mail: info@blackbox.com...
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FCC STATEMENT FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION INDUSTRY CANADA RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENTS This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy, and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference to radio communication.
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD (Normas Oficiales Mexicanas Electrical Safety Statement) 1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser leídas antes de que el aparato eléctrico sea operado. 2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser guardadas para referencia futura. 3.
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TRADEMARKS TRADEMARKS USED IN THIS MANUAL Any trademarks mentioned in this manual are acknowledged to be the property of the trademark owners.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 1. General Information THE A/S-4 is an SNA protocol converter. It is capable of a wide variety of conversions and adaptation tasks. Listed below are just a few of the tasks the A/S-4 was designed to perform: •...
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CHAPTER 1:General Information The A/S-4 is a 3274 work-alike controller emulating a PU2 with one LU2 terminal and one LU1 or LU3 printer. This allows an ASCII terminal or micro computer to emulate a 3278 CRT with a 3278 printer. The A/S-4 will also emulate SNA/SDLC 3776 or 3777 work station with one LU1 console, printer, card reader, card punch, or disk.
CHAPTER 3: Installation 3. Installation 3.1General Installation The A/S-4’s options are set by the operator through the use of menus and switches. The A/S-4 provides a very flexible package of options so as to work with any terminal or terminal emulating device (such as a personal computer).
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 3.4 Power Transformer The A/S-4 is shipped with a transformer for the standard USA 110-VAC outlet plug. A substitute transformer may be ordered for the for 220 VAC or other voltages. A conversion plug for different power outlets is the responsibility of the purchaser.
CHAPTER 4: Switches 4. Switches The A/S-4 is equipped with 8 banks of DIP switches, all of which are accessed from the bottom of the unit. The general functions of these switches are as follows: Terminal Interface Configuration SW2, SW3, SW6 Terminal Speed Modem Interface Configuration SW4, SW5, SW7...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 Switch Bank S3, Switch: 1-On connects pin 2 of connector to A/S-4’s output of Transmit Data, for attaching DCE devices 2-On connects pin 3 of connector to A/S-4’s output of Transmit Data, for attaching DTE devices 3-On connects pin 2 of connector to A/S-4’s input of Receive Data, for attaching DTE devices 4-On connects pin 3 of connector to A/S-4’s input of...
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 4.2 How to Set Terminal Port Switches for Different Devices DEVICES VDU or Async Modem Centronics Tally printer “Y” VDU, or DCE device Printer Data Products Printer (Busy on 20) (Busy on 19) Cable Switch 2 Switch 2 Switch 2 Switch 2...
CHAPTER 4: Switches SW6/ 7 BAUD RATE 134.5 1200 1800 NOTE: Baud Rate 2000 selection has no 2400 effect if Terminal 3600 Speed Detect is selected. 4800 7200 9600 19.2K 4.3 Modem Switches Modem port switches for Female DB25 Modem Connector Switch Bank S4, Switch: 1-On connects pin 4 of connector to A/S-4’s input of CLEAR-TO-SEND...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 Switch Bank S5, Switch: 1-On connects pin 2 of connector to A/S-4’s output of Transmit Data, for attaching DCE devices 2-On connects pin 3 of connector to A/S-4’s output of Transmit Data, for attaching DTE devices 3-On connects pin 2 of connector to A/S-4’s input of Receive Data, for attaching DTE devices 4-On connects pin 3 of connector to A/S-4’s input of...
CHAPTER 4: Switches 4.4 How to Set Modem Port Switches for Different Devices DEVICES ASYNC MODEM SYNC MODEM FRONT END PROCESSOR Switch 4 Switch 4 Switch 4 1 OFF 1 OFF 1 OFF 2 ON 2 ON 2 OFF 3 OFF 3 OFF 3 OFF 4 OFF...
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 4.5 Option Switches Switch Bank S8, Switch: 1-RESERVED 2-RESERVED 3-RESERVED 4-RESERVED 5-RESERVED 6-RESERVED 7-RESERVED 8-RESERVED 9-On connects pins 9 on both terminal and modem connectors to +10 Volts DC. 10-On connects pins 10 on both terminal and modem connectors to -10 Volts DC. Switch Bank S9, Switch: Switch Switch...
CHAPTER 5: LED Indicator 5. LED Indicator The front of A/S-4 enclosure provides 10 light emitting diodes (LED) indicators. The indicators are arranged and labeled in the following order, from left to right. Terminal Transmit Data Terminal Receive Data Terminal Carrier Detect TCTS Terminal Clear To Send ERROR...
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 6. Power Up and Configuration Menu Operations The A/S-4 unit options are mainly set by the operator through the use of menus. The A/S-4 provides a very flexible package of options so to allow any VDU to operate like an IBM 3278 terminal and an IBM 3287 printer or a 3770 work station.
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options 6.2 Power Up Message The A/S-4 sends out the message in Figure 1 on power up or the raising of DTR (DATA TERMINAL READY) on the terminal device. This message informs the operator that the A/S-4 is ready to try to match the operator’s terminal or terminal emulation package with the VDU (VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT) list in the memory.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 6.3 A/S-4 Main Menu A set of menus are used to configure the A/S-4’s options so that it will operate properly with the particular VDU and host to which it is connected. In order to access these menus, SW9/6 must be in the ON position (see Section 4.5).
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options The input allowed at this menu is one letter A thru J so to run or change an option. Listed below is a brief description of what each letter gives you access to, refer to the section listed for more details. Letter Section Description...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 2. Modem connected to host but LU inactive; if the LU is inactive the A/S-4 will display “WAITING FOR LU TO COME ACTIVE”. The LU should come active after a few seconds of this message appearing on the VDU. If the LU does not come active, then one of the following problems may exist: A.
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options 6.5 Changing the VDU Type If the current VDU type displayed at the top of the A/S-4 Main Menu does not match the VDU or VDU emulation package you have connected to the A/S-4, you may change the VDU type by entering the letter “B”...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 NOTE Selection of a blank programmable VDU type may cause erroneous command characters to be sent to the operators VDU. The programmable VDU type should be added by option 3 before it is selected. 3. Add or Change Name - by entering a 3 the operator is able to add a name to or change a name from the “PROGRAMMABLE”...
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options 6.6 Changing VDU Commands for the VDU Type Selected By selecting item C from the main menu (Section 6.3), the operator obtains the menu shown in figure 5. Items from this menu can only be changed for programmable VDUs. This menu allows you to define the video commands our VDU expects.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 6.7 Changing Video Attributes and Commands for VDU The menu obtained by selecting item D of the main menu is shown in Figure 7. This menu allows the operator to define the parameters which will give the proper video highlighting to the fields on the VDU screen.
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CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options The general format of a video command to a VDU is as follows: Start of video cmd. Middle of video cmd. nd of video cmd. X, Y and Z represent ASCII characters. The end of video command may not be necessary and therefore displayed as a blank.
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 & 7 LINE RETURN PF10 DISC FIELD HOME MARK ARROW CTRL LOCK " ' PF11 PF12 PF13 PF14 PF15 PF16 PF17 PF18 PF19 PF20 DUAL LOCAL PRINT MONO PRINT LINE SHIFT SHIFT PF21 PF22 PF23 PF24 IDENT CENT RESTR...
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CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options -- 6 & 7 PF10 PF11 PF12 IBM PC Keyboard Layout...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 ADM 1178 Keyboard Layout...
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CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options IBM 3101 Keyboard Layout...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 PNS Keyboard Layout...
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options 6.8 Changing Keyboard Layout Type By selecting E from the main menu, the menu shown in Figure 8 is obtained. This is used to select the specific keyboard mapping the operator desires. Selection of F, G and H provide fixed keyboards shown on the previous pages.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 6.9 Changing Keys Arrangements on a Particular Keyboard Layout Type Selection of item F from the main menu will cause the menu shown in Figure 9 to be displayed. CURRENT: Application = SDLC/SNA 3274/76 Interactive VDU = ANSI STD; DEC VT100; Teletype 5410, 5420; Televideo 970, 960 Keyboard = STANDARD A-Exit B-PF Keys...
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options 6.9.1 PF K Selection of item B from the menu shown in Figure 9 will cause the menu shown in Figure 10 to be displayed. If the operator wants to use a different key for PF2, he would first enter the letter “C” and then enter the new value(s) in response to prompt(S) for the new value(s).
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 6.9.2 PA K Selection of item C from the menu shown in figures 9 will cause the menu shown in figure 11 to be displayed. Keys changes are performed in the same manner as the PF key changes. CURRENT: Application = SDLC/SNA 3274/76 interactive VDU = ANSI STD;...
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options 6.9.4 IBM K Selection of item E from the menu shown in figure 9 will cause the menu shown in figure 13 to be displayed. Key changes are performed in the same manner as the PF key changes. CURRENT: Application = SDLC/SNA 3274/76 Interactive VDU = ANSI STD;...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 The functions of the A/S-4 Keys are as follows: Restart Protocol Jump to A/S-4’s main menu for Converter option changes. Disconnect VDU Causes A/S-4 to drop DTR to device connected to terminal port. Used to disconnect a modem attached to the terminal port in a dial-up configuration Disconnect SDLC Causes A/S-4 to drop DTR to device connected to modem port.
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options 6.10 Changing Application The A/S-4 is shipped from the factory to power up in the SDLC/SNA 3274/76 Interactive mode of operation. The current mode of operation can be determined by looking at the top of the main menu, as in Figure 14 (it is Interactive).
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 6.11.1 C HANGING NTERACTIVE PPLICATION PTIONS The change Application menu allows 8 operations as described below: A. Exit - By entering the letter A the A/S-4 will return to the Main Menu. B. XID - By entering a B the operator is able to change the A/S-4 SDLC control unit identifier. Only hexadecimal numbers are allowed to be entered for this selection, the first two digits are fixed at 01.
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CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options G. PRT LU Addr - By entering a G the operator can select which LU’s data will go to the printer attached to the A/S-4’s terminal port. Selection of this address is done the same as for the VDU LU addr above.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 6.11.2 C HANGING ATCH PPLICATION PTIONS The change Application menu allows 16 operations as described below: A thru G - are the same as for changing Interactive options, refer to section 6.11.1 for details. H. Start of File - By entering an H the operator can select the first character that must be received from the VDU before any data is stored and then transmitted to the host.
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options N. VDU Auto Logon Msg - This 80 character message can be changed by entering the letter N followed by the Logon message, containing any printable ASCII character (X`20’-X`7F’). The field separator (X`1C’) character, which is used to delimit the different logon strings for the VDU LU and the PRT LU.
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 These new values, if received from the host would then be sent to the printer if the G-Start Char-FORMS or K-Start Char-DENSITY are selected. CURRENT: Application = SDLC/SNA 3274/76 Interactive VDU = ANSI STD; DEC VT100; Teletype 5410,5420; Televideo 970,960 Keyboard = STANDARD Change: Printer Options A-Exit...
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CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options D. Lines Per Inch (xxx) - By entering the letter D, followed by any decimal number from 001 to 063, the operator can change the lines per inch (LPI) the printer will print. If a decimal value larger than 063 is entered, the LPI option will be set to a value less than 063.
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 ROGRAMMABLE RINTER PTIONS Print data received from the host or printed by a local print function will be formatted by the values set in the Printer Options menu (e.g. Column Width, Lines Per Page, Single spacing). The A/S-4 is capable of having numerous printer options changed while communicating with a host program.
CHAPTER 6: Power Up and Configuration Menu Options The following is an example of setting the printer for 8 lines per inch. ESC, 8 - OKI Microline 83A command to set 8 LPI Printer Options Menu settings: H-Multiple-(`xxx’ X inches)-xxx=001 K-Start Char-DENSITY=ESC L-Separator Char-DENSITY=CTL @ M-Final Char-DENSITY=CTL @...
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 The Verify Switch Settings menu allows 2 operations as described below: A. Exit - By entering the letter A the A/S-4 will return to the Main Menu. B. Restart With New Switch Options - When a B is typed and he A/S-4 will start over, just like the power has been turned off and then on.
CHAPTER 7: Interactive Operation 7. Interactive Operation The A/S-4 operating in the Interactive mode, emulates an IBM 3274/76 cluster controller with a single LU Type 2 terminal IBM 3278 and an IBM 3287 LU Type 1 or 3 printer. The VDU LU assigned by the H- Application Option menu is the terminal’s (IBM 3278) logical unit and the PRT LU is the printer’s (IBM 3287) logical unit.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 8. Batch Operation The A/S-4 operating in the Batch mode, emulates an IBM 3776/77 Model 3 and 4 multiple logical unit (MLU) work station with a console, printer, card reader/punch and exchange diskette attached. The A/S-4 supports two of the six possible logical units available for a MLU work station. The VDU LU is designated as the inbound (to host) logical unit and the PRT LU is the outbound (from host) LU.
CHAPTER 8: Batch Operation 8.1 Receiving Batch Data from the SNA host When SNA data is received from the host by the A/S-4, the data is sent to the VDU as follows: Start Special End of Device of File Control File 3 STX 5 Data...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 b. SI ($0F) character precedes the SNA line status report of each logical unit. This line status is handled as console data so the VDU CMD and device selection are not sent along with this message. The line status is reported as follows: Character Number: ($30) Physical Unit (PU) not active...
CHAPTER 8: Batch Operation 8.2 Transmitting Batch Data to the SNA Host To send data to the SNA computer, the data from the VDU should look like this: Device Selection Start Special File Control File 1 STX 3 Data 4 ETX 1.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 2) SI (X`0F’) character asks the A/S-4 for the SNA line status of each Logical Unit. The response to the SI is described in the transmission of the SI character as a special control character. Any data following the SI character will be thrown away until a Start of File is received.
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CHAPTER 8: Batch Operation When sending data to the printer each character is inspected and then sent if needed. A column count is kept to determine the position of the printer’s print head which is compared to the selected column width of the paper.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 8.4 Batch Default Options The A/S-4 has the capability of loading all it’s Batch options from the VDU (computer) without going through any menus. This is done by receiving the shift out (X’0E;) character followed by the options selected in hexadecimal form.
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CHAPTER 8: Batch Operation BYTE DEFAULT (continued) LU ADDRESS CUSTOMER OPTION A BIT 7 - TERMINATE MESSAGE TO VDU ON: 1-END OF CHAIN 0-END OF BRACKET 6 - SEND FMH-2 TO VDU 1 - 1-1ST CHAR FROM VDU DEVICE INDICATOR 0-CARD ONLY INPUT FROM VDU 0 - ECHO INPUT TO VDU CUSTOMER OPTIONS B...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 BYTE DEFAULT (continued) 1 & 0 - LU TYPE (1, 2, OR 3) PROTOCOL, 08=ASYNC ASCII *** INBOUND LU XFR *** CHAR OPTION (NOT USED) LU ADDRESS (NOT USED) CUSTOMER OPTION C BIT 7 - CUSTOMER OPTION D BIT 7 - 1 &...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 BYTE DEFAULT (continued) 2nd Start Char-DENSITY 20,20 Multiple character Separator Char (FORMS) Separator Char-DENSITY Final Char (FORMS) Final Char-DENSITY *** END OF OPTIONS ***...
CHAPTER 9: Battery RAM 9. Battery RAM All operating parameters selected from the configuration menus are saved in battery backed-up RAM (Random Access Memory). Therefore, if AC power to the A/S-4 is interrupted, it is unnecessary to reenter the parameters previously selected. If the unit is powered off for seven days or more, the parameters will probably be lost.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 10. Maintenance The A/S-4 is designed to perform all of its tasks with maintenance free operation. You may prolong the life of the unit by cleaning any dust build-up in the unit. Dust may be removed by blowing and/or brushing with a long bristle paint brush.
CHAPTER 11: Software Upgrade and EPROM Replacement 11. Software Upgrade and EPROM Replacement Each EPROM has a label affixed to the top containing an address and the current data of the software in the IC. To replace the old EPROM with the new EPROM, follow the procedure below: 1.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 12. System/Line Gen for Batch The following is a VTAM/NCP/JES2 line gen for a 3776 model 3 or 4. For more information on specific parameters, refer to the appropriate IBM manuals. IBM 3770 SNA Installation Guide - GC30-3064 Component Description for the IBM 3776 and 3777 Communication Terminals - GA27-3145 VTAM Generation Manuals - MANY...
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CHAPTER 12: System/Line Gen for Batch TRANSFER = 7 MODETAB = INSTINCLM Name of table used by VTAM for line bind parameters SSCPFM = USSSCS 3770 RJE log-on is a character-coded log-on VPACING = 2 —————- PU MACRO —————- ADDR = C1 Line hardware hex address value IRETRY = YES Retry poll operation on idle PU, maybe no...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 USSTAB = RJEINCDT Table used by VTAM to interpret user logons VPACING = 6 VTAM sends 6 RUs to NCP before response ISTATUS = ACTIVE LU comes up active, can be INACTIVE ——————- APPLICATION VTAM PARAMETERS ——————- BUFFACT = 10 Parameter used with BUFFLIM ——————- JESX Parameters ——————...
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CHAPTER 12: System/Line Gen for Batch WAITIME = 01 Number of seconds between completion of printing before JES will initialize print of the next output data set —————— PRINTER ATTACHED TO 3776 ——————- Rnnn.PR1 SNA Remote Printer one OPERATOR Remote terminal operator uses a $DF JES command to check the forms queue and than uses a $TRPn, F=form, Q=class command to set the printer for special forms CCTL...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 —————— PUNCH ATTACHED TO 3776 ——————- Rnnn.PU1 SNA Remote Punch one OPERATOR CCTL CKPTLNS = 100 Number of cards to be punched per logical page CKPTPGS = 10 CLASS = C(1)...C(n) (*) CMPCT COMP COMPACT = n START Punch is active NOSEP...
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CHAPTER 12: System/Line Gen for Batch PUDEST = 0 PULCL PUNODE XEONODE = ——————- LINE ——————- LINEnnn Line number ADISCON CODEA COMP EBCDIC EBCDIC character code IFACEA LOWSPEED PASSWORD = cccccccc TRANSP Line supports transparent data UNIT = SNA ——————- JES2 SYSTEM-WIDE PARAMETERS ——————— APPLID = JES2 Name used in logon and in VTAM configuration list (*) COMPACT = n,n...
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PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 &NUMTPBF = nnn Number of JESX Data Communications Buffers &PRTRANS = YES Print Line Translation Option, looks for chars less than X ‘40’ and if so sends data as transparent * Option not supported (1) Option determined by max RU size. A/S-4 availablebuffer size = 2100 characters (2) Option is available but not installed (3) Option selected by A/S-4 switch settings The following is a copy of the suggested LOGMODE table for use by the A/S-4:...
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CHAPTER 12: System/Line Gen for Batch The following is a copy of the suggested USSTAB table for use by the A/S-4. RJEINCDT USSTAB USSCMD CMD=LOGON,REP=LOGON,FORMAT=BAL USSPARM PARM=P1,REP=APPLID USSPARM PARM=P2,REP=LOGMODE USSPARM PARM=P3,REP=DATA SIGNON USSCMD CMD=SIGNON,REP=LOGON,FORMAT=BAL USSPARM PARM=APPLID,DEFAULT=JES2 USSPARM PARM=LOGMODE,DEFAULT=BUF512 USSPARM PARM=USER,REP=DATA RMT101 USSCMD CMD=RMT101,REP=LOGON,FORMAT=BAL USSPARM PARM-APPLID,DEFAULT=JES2...
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 13. Troubleshooting Problems and Odd Installation Problems Listed below are some of the common problems found with installation and operation of the A/S-4 unit. Find the problem you are experiencing and try the remedies listed to fix the problem. PROBLEM SYMPTOM POSSIBLE REMEDIES...
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CHAPTER 13: Troubleshooting Problems and Odd Installation Problems PROBLEM SYMPTOM POSSIBLE REMEDIES TCTS light is on and a. Baud rate of A/S-4 TTX light does blink does not match terminal when power is applied baud rate. Check baud to the A/S-4 rate switches, refer to Section 4.1.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 Appendix A: 3274 SNA Communication Operations This appendix is intended to give a VDU operator the basic description of the System Network Architecture (SNA) for a 3278 CRT (or like device) in the area of remote communications. First the 3278 CRT is connected to a 3274 controller that allows 32 3278 CRT’s to communicate to an IBM mainframe computer.
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APPENDIX A: 3274 SNA Communication Operations NOTE Some applications may not send a welcome message. The operator must send the first message to start the transactions. 8. After the operator has finished working, he should signoff the application. The system will then UNBIND the CRT so that the CRT and applications are no longer communicating with each other.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 Appendix B: General 3770 SNA Communication Operations This appendix is intended to give a basic description of the System Network Architecture (SNA) operation for an IBM 3776/77 Model 3 and 4 multiple logical unit (MLU) work station in the area of remote communications.
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APPENDIX B: General 3770 SNA Communication Operations 8. After the operator has finished working, he should signoff the application. The system will UNBIND all the LUs from the host system so that the work station and application are no longer communicating with each other. This leaves the work station available for an operator to logon to another application.
PROTOCOL CONVERTER MODEL A/S-4 Appendix C: Conversion Charts The following pages contain the EBCDIC-to-ASCII Character conversion chart. Characters under the “RECV” heading are the EBCDIC characters received from the SNA host. The ASCII equivalent is to the right under the “CONV” column. When EBCDIC data is directed to the printer the characters will be changed as described under the “PRT CONV”...
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APPENDIX C: Conversion Charts The following chart is the ASCII-to-EBCDIC character conversion chart. Data received from the VDU in ASCII format is found in the “RECV” column and when the specific character is transmitted to the SNA host it will appear as described in the “CONV” column. ASCII-to-EBCDIC Character Conversion ASCII-to-EBCDIC ASCII-to-EBCDIC...