Table of Contents
Summary of Contents for Time domain PulsON 440
- Page 1 Data Sheet / User Manual ® PulsON TIME DOMAIN ® Cummings Research Park 4955 Corporate Drive Suite 101 Huntsville, AL 35805 USA http://www.timedomain.com Tel: +1 256.922.9229 +1 888.826.8378 Fax: +1.256.922.0387 320-0317A Dec 2015 DRAFT...
- Page 2 Regulatory Approvals The P440, as supplied by Time Domain, has not yet been certified for use in any particular geographic region by the appropriate regulatory body governing radio emissions in that region. However, other members of the P400 series of devices have received such certification for use in the United States and the P440 is currently in the process of being tested for certification in the US.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Table of Contents SUMMARY ........................5 P440 SOFTWARE ....................... 7 P440 Embedded Software ....................... 7 Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) ................. 7 Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) and Sample Code ............8 APIs and GUIs as Development Tools .................. 9 2.4.1 Ranging Measurement with RangeNet .................... - Page 4 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Optional Power Amplifier ..................... 37 Indicator Lights ........................38 4.10 Heat Management ......................... 39 4.11 Accessories ........................... 39 4.11.1 Enclosure ............................40 4.11.2 Power Supply/Charger with Battery and cables................40 MECHANICAL INTERFACE ..................43 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .................
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Page 5: Summary
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide 1 Summary The PulsON 440 (P440) module is an Ultra Wideband (UWB) radio transceiver operating between 3.1 and 4.8 GHz and provides the following functions: It uses Two-Way Time-of-Flight (TW-TOF) ranging to measure the distance between two or more P440s. - Page 6 They allow users to operate multiple P440s to form a network of ranging radios. Time Domain also provides sample C and MATLAB code for demonstrating the interface and performance of the hardware. The objective of providing the GUIs, sample C and sample MATLAB code is to supply programmers with several example interfaces and implementations which the user may then replace or tailor with custom code optimized for their particular needs and applications.
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Page 7: P440 Software
Sample C and MATLAB code to assist the user in developing custom applications Network support to enable systems of P440s to range and communicate efficiently In addition, Time Domain is committed to periodically adding new features and capabilities through software upgrades. P440 Embedded Software The P440 is a microprocessor-based UWB platform. -
Page 8: Graphical User Interfaces (Guis) And Sample Code
Channel Analysis Tool (CAT) is used to demonstrate either (a) bistatic and multistatic radar or (b) communications channel propagation analysis. In addition, Time Domain also provides sample C and sample MATLAB code for each application area. The sample C code enables embedded programmers to quickly interface to the P440. The sample MATLAB code enables system analysts to quickly construct experiments to investigate and evaluate performance. -
Page 9: Apis And Guis As Development Tools
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Monostatic Radar 150-0107 MRM Sample C Application 150-0108 MRM Sample MATLAB Applications Channel Propagation Analysis CATCIR Delivery Files Each of the GUIs is provided with a User Guide and a Quick Start Guide that illustrate operation of the equipment. - Page 10 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Fig.1: A typical received waveform: signal magnitude (relative strength) vs time (increments of 61ps) This is a powerful capability for several reasons: Oversampling enables correlation processing, thereby producing reliable sub-centimeter range estimates. ...
- Page 11 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide This underlying capability allows the generation of the following three different types of range measurements: Precision Range Measurements (PRM) are taken using the TW-TOF ranging technique. These readings typically have high accuracy and are provided with estimates of range error as well as flags that warn of possible errors.
- Page 12 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Display range measurements taken between other units in the area for which the connected P440 is not a direct participant. Fig. 3: Typical waveform as displayed by the GUI The ability to log data also allows the user to plot performance as a function of range. This is an excellent tool for evaluating signal propagation in a given area.
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Page 13: Networking With Rangenet
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Fig. 4: Signal (green), Noise (blue), and SNR (red) of a link as function of separation distance. (Note the Fresnel cancellation and enhancement.) 2.4.2 Networking with RangeNet Operating a system that consists of only two units is very simple. Operating with more than two units starts to introduce significant complexity. - Page 14 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide efficiency of this ALOHA network is approximately 38%, making it equivalent to the performance of a Slotted ALOHA system. If the TDMA protocol is used, then the user can define a slot map that provides each radio with an indication of when and to whom and with what parameters it should communicate.
- Page 15 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide The network also takes advantage of two features available with simple ranging applications, Echo Last Range (ELR) and Coarse Range Estimate (CRE), but which find special utility when used in a network. ELR takes advantage of the fact that all units can receive any transmission.
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Page 16: Monostatic Radar With Mrm Ret
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Fig. 6: Representative neighbor database of a 4-node system 2.4.3 Monostatic Radar with MRM RET The Monostatic Radar API allows the user to configure the radar parameters, transmit pulses, and measure radar returns. Configuration parameters include the following: ... - Page 17 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide The MRM RET GUI allows the user to: Define all of the configuration parameters, download them to the P440, and save and retrieve configurations from disk Initiate radar transmissions Collect, display, and log received data to disk Furthermore, the MRM RET GUI has an associated task which will also: ...
- Page 18 The results are shown in Figure Fig. 8: SAR image of soda cans arranged to form the letters UAH A copy of their project can be found on the Time Domain website at the following link: http://www.timedomain.com/UAH%20Senior%20Project%20-%20Final%20Presentation%20V4.pdf Example 3 –...
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Page 19: Bistatic Radar And Propagation With Cat (Channel Analysis Tool)
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide A copy of their paper can be found on the Time Domain website at the following link: http://www.timedomain.com/white-papers/Univ%20Texas%20Austin%20- %20SAR%20Imaging%20of%20a%20Windmill.pdf 2.4.4 Bistatic Radar and Propagation with CAT (Channel Analysis Tool) The CAT API and GUI allow the user to operate the P440 as either a bistatic radar or as a communications propagation tool. -
Page 20: Networking: Rangenet Vs. Rangenet Lite
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Fig. 11: Waveform scan captured at 61 ps resolution Fig. 12: Waveform scan captured at 4 ps resolution Because transmissions will be received by any radio in the area, the system can have one transmitter and many receivers. -
Page 21: Software Support
2013 – Channel analysis and bistatic / multistatic radar functionality added 2014 – RangeNet provides networking capability based on the ALOHA and TDMA protocol support added 2015 – RangeNet Lite added It is Time Domain’s intention to continue increasing the capability of UWB by adding new and significant software functionality. -
Page 22: Hardware Block Diagram
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide 3 Hardware Block Diagram This section provides and discusses at a high level the P440 functional hardware block diagram shown in Figure 13. Additional detail on the various interfaces is provided in Section 4. Ethernet Ethernet Jack Ethernet RMII... - Page 23 The P440 requires less than 2.5 Watts from a DC supply that provides any voltage between 4.5 and 48 volts. This power can be provided through Time Domain’s standard external power supply, a battery, or a user-supplied power source. Indicator lights provide operating status information.
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Page 24: Electrical Interfaces
(Such configurations are possible but not standard and should only be considered for large volume applications of >1000 units. For further details, contact Time Domain directly at sales@timedomain.com.) For standard optional configurations see Section 10 – Configuration and Ordering Information. -
Page 25: Connecting To The P440
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Finally, the physical interface for the Chassis Ground is through the designated mounting screw hole shown in Figure 14. (For additional details, see Section 4.3 – Powering and Grounding the Unit). Connecting to the P440 The user can connect to the P440 in a number of different ways. - Page 26 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Finally, it may be useful to clarify the directions associated with the Serial transmit (TX) and receive (RX) lines. “User Serial TX” means transmitted by the P440 to the Host. “User Serial RX” means received by the P440 from the Host.
- Page 27 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Name Function Digital_GND Digital Ground E_Rx1 Ethernet Rx1 E_Rxer Ethernet Rxer E_TxEn Ethernet TxEn E_Tx0 Ethernet Tx0 Digital_GND Digital Ground E_Tx1 Ethernet Tx1 E_CrsDv Ethernet CrsDv Digital_GND Digital Ground E_TxCk Ethernet TxCk E_Rx0 Ethernet Rx0 Digital_GND Digital Ground...
- Page 28 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide customer but it is critical that the reserved pins should never be connected to any signal, ground, or power lines. This can result in extreme damage to the unit. Name Function Digital_GND Digital ground No Connection Reserved No Connection...
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Page 29: Powering And Grounding The Unit
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Pin 1 Pin 1 J7 – User J4 - Reserved Serial Header Header Fig. 15h: User Serial pinouts Powering and Grounding the Unit 4.3.1 Powering the P440 through the USB Power Jack vs Locking & Mezzanine Connectors The P440 is provided in Development Kits or Labs as a “Kit Radio”... -
Page 30: Chassis Ground
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide 4.3.4 Chassis Ground The P440 is provided with a chassis ground. Each of the six mounting holes is copper plated on the top, bottom, and inside of the hole. The mounting holes are not covered with silk screen. These holes are not connected to any ground planes or signals of any sort. -
Page 31: Host To P440 Interface Options
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Supply Current Power Power increase (Volts) (ma) Consumption due to loss in (Watts) efficiency 5.06 1.999 100% 5.95 2.005 100% 7.02 2.015 101% 8.04 2.034 102% 9.07 2.041 102% 10.04 2.058 103% 12.16 2.079 104% 14.07... -
Page 32: Usb 2.0 High Speed Device
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide The protocol used to communicate with the P440 is fully defined in the various Time Domain API Specifications, various C and MATLAB examples, and in the document “Using the USB and Serial specifications. All of these resources are provided on the delivery disks and are also available on the Time Domain website, www.timedomain.com. - Page 33 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide MOSI Master Slave MISO Fig. 18: SPI interconnect signals The SPI port uses 8-bit bytes sent MSb first. The CLK idle state is high. The data is propagated on the falling-edge (leading-edge) of clock and sampled on the rising-edge (trailing-edge) of clock as shown below in Figure 19: MOSI Bit 7...
- Page 34 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Read slave output FIFO byte count MOSI Don’t Care 8-bit command (0xC2) Don’t Care Don’t Care MISO Response Byte 1 (MSB) Response Byte 2 (LSB) Write to slave input FIFO MOSI Data Byte 2 Data Byte N 8-bit command Data Byte 1...
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Page 35: Ethernet And Ip Addressing
UWB radar sample C application, 150-0107D MRM Sample C Application. This document can be found on the Time Domain website or on your release disk. The IP address of a unit is assigned in one of two ways. If the P440 came as part of a Development Kit or a PulsON Lab then the IP addresses will be set at the factory to 192.168.1.x, where “x”... -
Page 36: Antenna Ports
As of this date, there is currently no software support (i.e. API commands) for controlling the state of the GPIOs. Similarly, the function of the SPI lines is currently fixed such that these lines can only be used for SPI. Time Domain expects to provide expanded support for GPIOs in an upcoming software release. -
Page 37: Rf Transmit And Receive Characteristics
SMA torque wrench. These are generally available and cost about $100. The P440 is intended to be used with Time Domain’s Broadspec antenna. Using any other antenna will require recertification to confirm compliance with the relevant emissions regulations. However, it is possible to add passive extension cables between the antenna port and the antenna. -
Page 38: Indicator Lights
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide First, operation with the power amp will exceed the transmit power of most (but not all) regulations in most (but not all) countries. For example, in the US and Europe it will be very difficult to certify a commercial product that makes use of this power amp. -
Page 39: Heat Management
Board Temp: 41 ° ° Case 3: Ambient 23 C, board mounted in Time Domain enclosure accessory. Board Temp: 47 4.11 Accessories When the P440 is ordered as part of a Development Kit or Lab, it is provided with a number of accessories. -
Page 40: Enclosure
4.11.2 Power Supply/Charger with Battery and Cables P440s provided with Kits and Labs are powered through the USB Power jack. Time Domain also provides each P440 with a USB Power Supply/battery charger, two USB cables (1.8 m and 15 cm) and a 3000mAh USB battery. - Page 41 The user is free to provide substitutes and replacements for units that are lost or damaged. While Time Domain does stock the USB battery all of these components are available on the web from a variety of sources. Table 1 shown below provides source information for these components.
- Page 42 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide sufficient power to the P440s. Some batteries and power supplies have very poor connectors. These connections are so flimsy that they provide power only intermittently. Consider the devices shown in Figure 28. The connector on the left provides a high quality connection. The one on the right will cause endless problems.
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Page 43: Mechanical Interface
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide 5 Mechanical Interface Figures 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33 provide the information which defines the board size, the height of key components, as well as the location and dimensions of all connectors. Dimensions are shown in British Imperial units (inches). - Page 44 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Fig. 30: Locations of Mezzanine connectors Also shown in Figures 30 and 31 are all of the parts which extend out beyond the board dimensions. This includes the RF SMA connectors, the Locking connector, the USB micro connectors, and the RJ45 jack.
- Page 45 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Fig. 32: Locations and dimensions of Power and I/O connectors at the rear of the P440 Fig. 33: Locations and dimensions of RF SMA connectors The part numbers for the P440 connectors and their mating pair are shown in Table 2.
- Page 46 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Name and Number P440 Connector Part Number Mating Connector Part Number J2 - SMA Port A Cinch Connectivity# 142-0701-871, Many different choices. * Digikey# J610-ND J3 - SMA Port B Cinch Connectivity# 142-0701-871, Many different choices.
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Page 47: Technical Specifications
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide 6 Technical Specifications 6.1 Summary of Key Performance Parameters Table 3 summarizes the P440 specifications and key performance parameters. P440 Specs Value Physical Parameters Board Dimensions (without SMAs): 3.5 x 2.2 inches (89 x 56 mm) Assembly height (bottom to top 0.703 inches (17.9 mm) connectors):... - Page 48 C (9 over ambient) circulation On flat surface, receiving, no air C (18 over ambient) circulation In Time Domain standard C (24 over ambient) enclosure, receiving Power &Temperature when Operating as a Radar Typical Power Consumption (board See Section 4.3.6 for details temp 45 C, Vin= 5.0 V with state...
- Page 49 -13 dBm with an adjustability range: ~ -33 to -13 dBm) Antenna Ports A&B: Standard 50 Ohm SMA coaxial connector Antennas Supported: Compatible with Time Domain Broadspec Toroidal Dipole Antenna (0 dB) as well as a wide variety of 3 party antennas Antenna Control:...
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Page 50: Maximum Operating Range Of A P440 Radio
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Ranging Performance Ranging Techniques: Pulsed Two-Way Time-of-Flight (TW-TOF) and Coarse Range Estimation (CRE) Two-Way Time-of-Flight Max Range (standard Free Space: 240 m Broadspec Antennas) Level ground: 1000 m (3200 ft) See Section 6.2 for details Precision ( 3 Standard Deviations) 2.3 cm (See Section 6.4) Accuracy (Bias error):... - Page 51 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Fig. 34: Fresnel cancellation at 100 m can limit performance. If the SNR required to operate was 23 dB as shown by the black line, then the radio will work out to 210 m but not between 90 and 120 m.
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Page 52: Range Measurement Rate
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide Max Range (m) Typical Max Range (m) (Free Space) (Open Field) Table 4: Maximum operating range of a P440 range measurement system in Free Space and over an Open Field for various Pulse Integration Index (PII) settings Range Measurement Rate Ranging Conversation Time is the amount of time required to take a single TW-TOF range measurement. -
Page 53: Precision And Accuracy In Nlos Conditions
P440s. Application note 320-0327 Distributed Calibration of Time Domain UWB Radios describes such a process. Once the user has determined by how many cm the calibration needs to be adjusted, then this number should be converted to picoseconds and entered... -
Page 54: Cre Range Measurement Precision And Accuracy
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide RangeNet RET GUI. To convert from cm to picoseconds, use the following equation: 0.2993 mm of delay = 1 picoseconds In other words, if you add a cable between an antenna and an antenna port which has exactly 1 meter of delay, then you should increase the value of the antenna delay for that antenna port by 3341ps. -
Page 55: Operating Range Of P440 Radar
Avoid using the equipment in extreme outdoor temperatures. Avoid operating units in high vibration. If failures do occur in either high vibration or extreme temperature contact Time Domain customer service. P440 Rev B Ethernet through the mezzanine connector is not supported. -
Page 56: Broadspec Antenna
DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide 7 Broadspec Antenna The P440 is designed to operate with the Broadspec antennas shown in Figure 36. While this is the antenna provided with the P440, the unit can accommodate a wide variety of standard and custom antennas. -
Page 57: Regulatory Compliance
This certification is expected late in 2015. Integration of the P440 into other user equipment will require certification of the resultant system. While that certification is the responsibility of the end user, Time Domain will be happy to assist in this process. - Page 58 FCC limits for enhanced performance. In order to use these higher powers, please consult and seek authorization from the appropriate regulatory agencies. Time Domain has expertise in working with regulatory agencies and can help as needed. However, the responsibility for obtaining such authorization rests with the end user.
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Page 59: Compliance With The Eu Etsi Standards
K.” Developers interested in building a device for a particular government agency should discuss their application and Annex K with that agency’s spectrum manager. Time Domain is available to assist you with the certification process. 8.2 Compliance with the EU ETSI Standards The standard Region 2 P440 has been designed to be in compliance with the emissions mask defined in the ETSI EN 302 065 standard. -
Page 60: Import/Export Considerations
Security and Antiterrorism. For the latest information from the Commerce Department on Export, please go to: http://www.bis.doc.gov/licensing/exportingbasics.htm. While Time Domain has shipped product to more than a dozen countries (and takes pride in doing so) there are a small number of countries for which export license approval may be required. -
Page 61: Configuration And Ordering Information
MRM RET: This is Time Domain’s GUI for demonstrating the operation of the P440 as a monostatic radar. MRM RET can be used as a training tool to familiarize the user with the API commands or as an actual development tool. - Page 62 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide The following table provides the name of the configuration, a part number, and short description of the part or kit. Two hardware versions are available and are designated as Region 1 or Region 2. Region 1 hardware is intended for those countries that follow the U.S.
- Page 63 Single P440 Module (board only, no 140RM05 (Region 2) accessories) Antenna Series Broadspec Antenna 100ANR1 Single Time Domain UWB Antenna (3-6 GHz) female SMA connector and right angle SMA connector Broadspec Antenna 100ANR2 Single Time Domain UWB Antenna (3-6 GHz) male SMA connector...
- Page 64 DRAFT P440 Data Sheet / User Guide High Power Amplifier Option: These boards can also be provided with an optional high power amplifier. This amplifier will boost the transmit power of the P440 by 16 dB above the regulatory limit. This capability is provided as an aid in evaluating the performance or performance potential of UWB.