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the number of temperature read-
n
=
ings in the combustion period
after fi ring
average temperature during the
=
preliminary period
average temperature during the
=
fi nal period
successive temperatures recorded
t
, t
, . . .
during the combustion period
1
2
=
after fi ring at equal time intervals
t
n
(e.g. one minute)
=
the sum of t
The remaining symbols are the same as defi ned
in the Dickinson formula. In general, the results
obtained by the two methods are in practical agree-
ment.
The corrected temperature rise is given by the fol-
lowing formula: t = t
– t
c
Calculation of the Radiation Correction and the Corrected Temperature Rise (t)
r
= (t
– t
) / (a – start)
1
a
start
r
= (t
– t
) / (end – c)
2
end
c
= (t
+ t
) / 2
a
start
= (t
+ tc) / 2
end
k = (r
– r
) / (
-
)
1
2
t
= 1/n (
+ (t
+ t
m
a
C
(Dickinson) = - r
(b – a) – r
r
1
C
(Regnault-Pfaundler) = (c – a) (k (t
r
t
= t
– t
+ Cr
Dickinson
c
a
t
= t
– t
Regnault-Pfaundler
c
a
, t
, t
... t
1
2
3
c-1
+ C
a
r
) / 2)
c
(c – b)
2
-
) – r
m
1
+ C
r
Example Calculations
Observed Calorimeter Temperature Readings
Time / minutes
0 (start)
1
2
3
4
5 (a)
6 (b)
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15 (c)
16
17
18
19
20 (end)
= (22.477 – 22.439) / 5 = 0.0076
= (24.823 – 24.814) / 5 = 0.002
= (22.477 + 22.439) / 2 = 22.458
= (24.823+ 24.814) / 2 = 24.818
= 0.0024
= 1/10 (221.956 + 23.646) = 24.560
= - 0.0076 (1) – 0.002 (9) = - 0.026
= (15 – 5) ((0.0024) (24.560 – 22.458) – 0.0076) = - 0.026
)
= (24.814 – 22.477) – 0.026 = 2.311
= (24.814 – 22.477) – 0.026 = 2.311
Digital Thermometer
Temperature / C
22.439
22.447
22.454
22.462
22.469
22.477
23.896
24.555
24.714
24.770
24.792
24.802
24.806
24.809
24.812
24.814
24.816
24.818
24.820
24.821
24.823
w w w . p a r r i n s t . c o m
t
start
t
a
t
c
t
end
9
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