Page 1 USER’S MANUAL NOT INTENDED FOR SALE 1 PN 80821223 1...
Page 2 However, should any errors be detected, STAR would be greatly appreciate being informed of them. *The above notwithstanding, this manual. “Copyright 19% Star Micronics Co., Ltd. Commission uency Interference tatement instructions, may cause in-...
Page 3 Your new printer will reward you with many years of high-quality document printing, and is backed by Star Micronics’ more than 30 years in manufacturing parts. You already know that it represents tack-sharp dot matrix printing with its rugged 24-pin print head.
Page 4 Table of Contents Setting Up Your Printer Chapter 1 Locating the printer Check the carton contents Removing the printer cover Removing Removing Fitting the platen knob Installing the ribbon cartridge Installing the mute cover Installing the interface board Installing the font cartridge Getting to Know Your Printer Chapter 2 Controls and parts of the printer...
Page 5 Chapter 3 Using the Printer with Commercial 25 Software Using commercial Word processing General concepts The escape code The master reset code Using Letter Quality (LQ) Getting the most from your print choices Using the printer with EasyWriter Redefining codes A sample printout with EasyWriter Redefining Redefining...
Page 6 Printing with BASIC Chapter 4 Some basics of BASIC First steps ASCII codes and the CHR$ function Control codes The escape codes A note on command syntax Selecting the right software mode Some special kinds of text Draft and Letter Quality characters Italic printing Characters Underlining...
Page 7 Special Features of the Printer Chapter 6 Now hear this Resetting Taking the printer off line Printing the bottom of the sheet Backspace, Printing zeroes Immediate-print Adjusting characters Printing at half-speed Uni-directional The seven bit dilemma Block graphics characters bols International Printing characters Printing BIG characters...
Page 8 Caring for Your Printer Chapter 8 Cleaning the printer Replacing the ribbon Replacing the print head Appendix A DIP Switch Settings Switch functions ASCII Code Conversion Chart Appendix B Character Code Table Appendix C Standard mode characters IBM mode characters Character Character set #2 All Character set...
Page 9 Appendix H Serial Interfack Specifications Configuring The serial protocols Serial busy protocols XON/XOFF protocol ACK protocol Index the serial interface...
Page 10: Locating The Printer
CHAPTER SETTING UP YOUR PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 1 include- . Choosing a suitable place for your printer Unpacking Setting up LOCATING THE PRINTER Give some thought to the best place to put the printer. Both the printer and computer roundings.
Page 11 Figure l- 1. Check to make sure you have all six items: 1) Printer, 2) Mute cover, 3) Paper guide, 4) Ribbon cartridge, and 6) User’s manual. You should also have a parallel interface your computer to the printer. Also available are a parallel inter- face board with extra buffer memory board, both optional.
Page 12 disengage the two or three tabs at the front, then lift it off the rest of the way. To replace the cover, slide the tabs in at the front and lower it into place. Figure l-2 shows the proper posi- tion and movement for both removing and replacing the cover.
Page 13 must be removed before use. First, take off the printer cover. The protective tube is split along its bottom side to allow easy removal. Grasp one end of the spiral tube and firmly pull it up- ward and away from the carriage rail. n Removing shipping screws (15-inch type only) There are two shipping screws inside the 15-inch type printer, used to hold the internal chassis securely to the lower case dur-...
Page 14 foam packing material which held your printer inside the pack- ing box. Be careful to remove the knob before disposing of the packing pieces. n Installing the ribbon cartridge This printer uses a neat, easy-to-change automatic Figure l-5. snap into place. 1.
Page 15 to your right or left until the ribbon automatically down into its proper place between the print head and the silver ribbon guide. ‘igure 1-6. To thread the ribbon, slide the print head carriage manually to the right left, and the ribbon will slip down by itself into its proper position.
Page 16 The mute cover reduces the printer’s operating Note the position of the guide pins on the mute cover as shown in Figure l-7. Holding the mute cover at each end, insert the guide pins into the cutout hooks on the printer cover. Hold the mute cover down onto the printer.
Page 17 n Installing the font cartridge This printer is mounted the Prestige characters You can add one or two different character styles by installing the optional font cartridges To install or change a font cartridge, power switch. Fit the font cartridge Ggure 1-9.
Page 18: Controls And Parts Of The Printer
GETTING TO KNOW Subjects covered in Chapter 2 include- . Parts of the printer - what they’re for and how to use them Paper selection and loading Adjustment Testing printer operation CONTROLS AND PARTS OF THE PRINTER n Parts of the printer PRINTER COVER - This protects the ribbon and the print head from dust and dirt, and cuts down the sound of the printer.
Page 19 Mute cover Printer cover Control panel Font cartridge slot Interface cover L--~~--. Figure 2- 1. Front and rear views.of the printer. printer. PLATEN - This is the rubber cylinder that carries paper to the print head. INTERFACE COVER - cover conceals and protects cut away to expose the external connector On the back of the printer, the interface...
Page 20: Paper Empty Indicator
your computer cable. SLOTS FOR FONT CARTRIDGES - These are the two openings at the bottom right of the front of the printer. Insert- ing an optional font cartridge the way and exposes a connector n Controls and indicators Now let’s go over the controls and indicators of the printer, starting with the control panel on the right.
Page 21 TYPE STYLE KEY - Changes the type style among four or six styles when the On Line indicator is off. QUALITY INDICATORS glows green to indicate the character quality (set by the Quality key). QUALITY KEY - Changes the print quality every time it is pressed when the On Line indicator is off.
Page 22 w Extra functions There are twelve more specified on the control panel. You can access six of them by pressing one particular others are activated by pressing two control keys at once. Type Style Panel mode Quality Panel mode Figure 2-3. Extra functions while turning on the printer.
Page 23: Release Lever
n Other controls There are other controls, not connected Some of the more important POWER SWITCH - The switch that turns the printer on and off is at the back, on the left side. PLATEN KNOB - This knob is at the middle of the right side and lets you turn the platen by hand, like a typewriter.
Page 24 The paper bail holds the paper against the platen according to the setting of the release lever. The bail is opened when the release lever is in the top position, closed when the lever is in the second or third positions, and opened by the printer when the lever is in the bottom position.
Page 25 ~_~__- Figure 2-6. Raise the paper guide for loading single sheets. Figure 2-7. Prop up the paper guide by inserting the guide stand in the notches provided for it.
Page 26 5. Set the release lever for single sheets - the second tion from the top. 6. Align a sheet of paper on the guide along the adjuster. 7. Turn on the power switch. (The Paper Empty indicator will glow because there is no paper.) 8.
Page 27 n Loading sprocket-feed This is standard computer sides and perforations sprocket, punched, fan-fold, or just plain “computer can be as narrow as 4 inches, and up to 10 inches wide (4 inches to 15.5 inches on 15-inch type). 1. Turn on the printer sprocket-feed paper.
Page 28 8. Check that the paper is still positioned correctly, close the sprocket covers (Figure 2-10). Figure 2-10. Close the sprocket covGG<w?pGa tioned correctly. Figure 2-11. Ready to load the sprocket-feed paper. Note the reversed position of the paper guide.
Page 29: Adjusting The Printhead
9. Set the release lever to the auto-feed setting. The printer will advance the paper automatically. 10. When the paper stops, set the release lever for sprocket- feed paper again. 11. Install the paper guide on the printer. See Figures 2-10 and 2-11 for details.
Page 30: Testing The Printer
TESTING THE PRINTER Your printer has two built-in programs lines of letters, numbers, that everything’s version, and self-test 2 is the short one. You can use either one to show the characters stallation of the ribbon and paper, and to check the adjustment of the head-to-platen You can print the self-test without hooking up the printer to your computer.
Page 31 Self-test 2 Standard mode IBM mode 2-13. The self-tests show you what the printer can print. Figure Figure 2-14. Connect the cable like this. -___~...
Page 32 fghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz(~}- !";~$g&'()*+,-./0123456789:;(=>?@~CDEFGH ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz(:)- !";c.$x&'(] .+,-./0123456789:;C=>?@ABCDEFGHI hijklmnopqrstuvwxyz( :}- !-::S%&'()*+.-./0123456789:;<=>~@ABCDEFGHIJ .ijklmnopqrstuvwxyz(:)- !‘*;:SX&'()'+.-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJK jklmnopqrstuvwxyz( :j- !"rS.%+'()'+,-./0123456789:;<=>7@tiCDEFGilIJKL klmnopqrstuvwxyz(:)- !"#SZ&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@..WCDEFGHIJKLM...
Page 33 MEMO...
Page 34: Using The Printer With Commercial Software
USING THE PRINTER WITH COMMERCIAL Subjects covered in Chapter 3 include- * Using commercial software Controlling the printer with the Panel mode USING COMMERCIAL Many of you purchased software. You made a good choice because this printer is com- patible with most commercial programs to spreadsheet Many of these programs printer.
Page 35: Word Processing With The Printer
but instead ask some questions about what your printer can do. The answers to the “most asked” questions printer can do a “backspace”, ware form feed”. With these questions answered, ing. Read the manual that came with your commercial and the next Chapter to see how to make it send information this printer to print.
Page 36: General Concepts
help of your program manual and the supporting manual, you should be able to figure out how yours works. GENERAL CONCEPTS Each word processing standard text entry mode in order to accept the special printer function codes. WordStar uses the CONTROL key in different ways to define the print function codes.
Page 37 reset code and resets the printer These print characteristics printer when it is first turned on. The code sequence for master reset is (ESC) “@“. By check- ing the ASCII equivalents decimal expression is 27 64. You’ll see these numbers times in this section.
Page 38: Using The Printer With Easywriter
Second, read Chapter 4 which describes them in greater detail and shows examples of how they are used in BASIC programm- ing. The functions will, for the most part, act the same in your word processing program. how they perform will help you use them correctly documents.
Page 39 ruler line to print pica, elite and condensed width pitches. In ad- dition, you can use a similar method to print in letter quality. The print control codes can be redefined to enhance the final product of your document. The boldface, underline, superscript and subscript functions require only a slight “recoding”...
Page 40 Press RETURN and the Edit Global Sequences screen will be displayed. These codes control the print functions feed, line feed, margin settings and automatic justification. do not recommend that you edit any of these codes. Press RETURN and the Edit Pitch Table screen will be displayed.
Page 41 transferred to the Edit Line Spacing screen. these codes. They define how many lines per inch the printer uses. Press RETURN screen. Change all of the entry fields to Option 2 (Control Code Sup- port) on the Edit Font Support screen. Also, make changes in the other fields to look like the figure shown below.
Page 42 Normal to Bold Bold to Normal Normal to Shadow Shadow to Normal Normal to Underline 56. Underline to Normal Normal to Double Double to Normal Normal to Overstrike Overstrike to Normal Normal to Special Special to Normal Normal to Subscript Subscript to Normal Normal to Superscript...
Page 43 Now, change the pitch setting in the next line to pica by set- ting a new ruler line: Ruler Name - pica; Character Pitch - 10. Use the print control key S (for italic) to highlight the second sentence in the paragraph. “Enclosed”...
Page 44: Using The Printer With Wordstar
ASCII decimal values to turn on and off different want to affect that aspect but not the print pitch itself. Leave that for your document ruler line. Remember, be found in Appendix D of this manual. Also, keep in mind that print control keys can be combined in your document such as boldface and underline.
Page 45 It is also possible to define the - PA (alternate mand to change the print pitch of your document. Star User’s Manual fully describes tions. You should refer to your manual if you need help with them. There are four alternate the installation of your WordStar printer functions.
Page 46 You can specify the range to print in all the normal ways: by pointing, by typing the cell addresses of the endpoints, by enter- ing a range name, or by using the F3 key to point to a range name. After you have specified a range to print, and changing any of the other options that you wish, start printing the spreadsheet by selecting the Go option.
Page 47: Using The Panel Modes
Spreadsheet Title And, on August 12, 1986, the results might look like this: Spreadsheet 12-Aug-86 Another of the selections under Options is Setup. This selec- tion allows you to create a setup string that will be sent to the printer before each section of the spreadsheet can include non-printing backslash (\) followed by a three digit number that consists of the decimal ASCII value for the code that you wish to send (with...
Page 48 this case, use the “Panel” modes. Selection of any of the Panel Modes at power-on ensures that your choices remain in effect until you turn the power off. This means that the printer will ignore any codes sent by the soft- ware that you are using.
Page 49: Panel Functions
key, press the QUALITY key once again to make your choice, and press the ON LINE key again. To select the Type STYLE key while turning character set to another, desired type, and press the ON LINE key again. The Type Style Panel mode is now set to the character set of your choice.
Page 50 **: Hold down *: Press l--l Clear the print buffer Figure 3-2. You can set many functions by the combinations of the control panel keys in the Off Line mode. 3. When you can set the print start position, release the Paper Feed key or the Top Of Form key first, then release the On Line key.
Page 51 Paper Feed key - Right margin set 3. While holding the two keys, the print head moves across the page step-by-step. 4. When the print head goes to the position where you want to set margin, acknowledges H Clearing the print buffer You can clear the contents of the print buffer with the control panel by the following procedures, printer.
Page 52 CHAPTER 4 PRINTING WITH BASIC Subjects covered in Chapter 4 include- . Listing BASIC programs on the printer How a program prints things Control codes, escape codes, and command syn- Selecting the right software mode Letter quality (LQ) characters Fixed and proportional character spacing Special printing- Printing in italics Underlining and overlining...
Page 53 SOME BASICS OF BASIC 4 First steps The first things that a beginner learns to do are to list a pro- gram and to print a character easiest operations one can do, but even they may depend on what computer you have.
Page 54 w ASCII codes and the CHR$ function You can talk to your computer and your printer talk to each other in what are known as ASCII codes. In the ASCII code, each number from 0 to 255 has a par- ticular meaning - 36, for example, makes the printer print a dollar sign.
Page 55 - the “control” key and one other. The other key determines what code is sent - pressing sends ASCII code 1, CTRL B sends ASCII code 2, and so on. Your printer has a lot of control codes to let you do some useful things.
Page 56 B The escape codes Back when the ASCII system was set up, computer ment was relatively simple and thirty-three considered sufficient at the time. The American Standards peo- ple realized that eventually ed, so they included the escape (ESC) code to allow almost any number of additional codes to be defined when they became...
Page 57: Some Special Kinds Of Text
So for our example above, any of these BASIC statements have the same result: LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(87);CHR$(l) LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(87);CHR$(49) LPRINT CHR$(27);"W";CHR$(l) LPRINT CHR$(27);"W";CHR$(49) LPRINT CHR$(27);"Wl" Even though there are many commands of ASCII code 0 (the (NUL) character), the number “0” (zero or ASCII code 48) cannot be substituted.
Page 58 n Draft and Letter Quality characters This printer’s Letter Quality (sometimes character set is ideal for correspondence printing, as it produces tion, your printer prints draft quality characters. quate for most work and has the fastest printing speed. For the final printout, try Letter Quality.
Page 59 Letter quality Function Letter quality ON Letter quality OFF n Italic printing Italic letters are letters that are slanted to the right. Your printer can print all of its letters in italic as well as the roman (standard) letters you are accustomed give extra emphasis to certain words.
Page 60 Chapter 3, and set the Italic type, then run the program again. You should get like this: This line This line is in ROMAN As you can see, this time the printer ignored the control codes to set or cancel italic characters. n Characters in the Font Cartridge This printer offers you the Prestige LQ characters...
Page 61 characters before line 70 switches printer back to internal LQ characters with an (ESC) “k” CHR$(O) command. You can control the font styles with the extra functions with the control panel. Font selection Function Selects font slot 1 Selects font slot 2 (15~inch type only) (ESC) “k” CHR$(B) internal characters Selects n Underlining...
Page 62 In this program underline “ - ” 1, and then off in line 50 with (ESC) “ -” 0. The overline is turned on in line 70 with (ESC) “-” with (ESC) “-” 0. There’s though. The semicolons at the end of the lines told BASIC that those lines were to be continued.
Page 63 Here line 30 turns on superscripts turned off in line 50 with (ESC) “T”. Then between printing text, subscripts are turned on in line 70 with (ESC) “S” 1, and finally off in line 90. Again, everything because of the semicolons. CHANGING THE PRINT PITCH In “printer talk,”...
Page 64 When you run this program you should get this: This line is SEKI-CONDENSED This line ELITE This line PICA Line 20 turns on semi-condensed 30 prints the line at 15 characters pitch with (ESC) “M”, and line 50 prints characters per inch. The (ESC) “P” in line 60 resets the printer to pica pitch and line 70 prints n Expanded print...
Page 65 return with CHR$(20), as done in line 50. Sometimes you may wish to stay in expanded print for more than one line. Change your program to this: permanent 10 ’ Demo of 20 LPRINT CHR$(27);"Wl"; 30 LPRINT "Permanent 40 LPRINT "mode stays 50 LPRINT...
Page 66 Demonstration Condensed print set with CHR$(15) stays on until you turn it off with CHR$(18). Note that you don’t need to put an (ESC) in front of the CHR$(15), although the same. Condensed Function Condensed ON Condensed OFF By combining expanded three pitches, this printer has ten different...
Page 67 220 LPRINT "This 230 LPRINT CHR$(27);"M"; 240 LPRINT "This 250 LPRINT CHR$(27);"P"; 260 LPRINT "This 270 LPRINT CHR$(27);"WO" Here’s what you should get from this program: This line is CON3ENSED ELITE pitch. This line is CONDENSED PICA pitch. This line is SEMI-CONDENSED This line NORMAL ELITE pitch.
Page 68 Try this program to see how the proportional 10 ' Demo of proportional 20 LPRINT CHR$(27);"M"; 30 LPRINT 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);"pl"; 50 LPRINT 60 LPRINT CHRS(27);"P"; 70 LPRINT "This 80 LPRINT CHRS(27);"pO"; 90 LPRINT "This 100 END When you run this program you should get this: This line This...
Page 69 this: boldface and emphasized characters twice, but they use slightly different darken the characters. ference is. The following table shows the control codes for getting into and out of boldface and emphasized Print emphasis Try them now with this little program: 10 ' Demo of boldface 20 LPRINT CHR$(27);"G";...
Page 70: Mixing Print Modes
your printer is set for normal printing. Look closely at the different boldface printing each character has been printed twice, and the paper was moved up slightly the second time they were printed. In emphasized printing, the characters are moved slightly to the right the second time the printer prints.
Page 71 For example, if you want to select elite expanded print, you would calculate the value of n like this: Elite Boldface Expanded The command would look like this: CHR$(27);“!“;CHR$(49) To better understand that each mode except pica (pica is the default) has a separate switch that can turned on and off via software.
Page 72: Formatting Text
FORMATTING TEXT Subjects covered in Chapter 5 include- * The carriage return and line feed The amount of space between lines Moving to the next page The number of lines on a printed page Horizontal and vertical tabs Setting margins - left, right, top and bottom Centering and aligning Chapter printer.
Page 73 return. Each time the printer receives a CHR$(13) it returns the print head to the left margin. It does not advance the paper (if DIP switch 2-6 is on; see below). Line feed is more complicated. a CHR$(lO) it both advances the paper one line and returns the print head to the left margin, ready to start a new line.
Page 74 Line feed commands Function Return print head to left margin Advance paper one line Reverse paper one line Adds (LF) to every (CR) Restore normal function of (CR) (ESC) “5” 0 (IBM-P mode only) n Changing the line spacing When you turn your printer on, the line spacing is set to 6 lines per inch (or 8 lines per inch if DIP switch 2-8 is off).
Page 75 This is what you will get with the Standard mode: THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING...
Page 76 The (ESC) “3” CHR$(n) command sets the line spacing in in- crements of l/180 inch. Change line 40 in your program to this: 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);"3";CHR$(I); and run the program again. Now the results will look like this: THIS THIs TfI‘[S THIS THIS...
Page 77 THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING THIS LINE SPACING...
Page 78 Line spacing commands l/8 inch 7160 inch 7172 inch Set line spacing to l/6 inch Set line spacing to n/60 inch Set line spacing n/72 inch Set line spacing to n/180 inch Set line spacing to n/216 inch Define line spacing to n/72 inch Use ’...
Page 79 10 ' Demo of one-time line feeds 20 LPRINT "LINE NUMBER 1." 30 LPRINT "LINE NUMBER 2."; 40 ' One-time line feed 50 LPRINT CHR$(27);"J";CHR$(lOO); 60 LPRINT "LINE NUMBER 3." 70 LPRINT "LINE NUMBER 4." 80 END Here is what your printer will produce with Standard mode: LINE NUMBER LINE NUMBER LINE NUMBER...
Page 80 PAGE CONTROL Now that we have seen how to control line spacing, we can go on to page control - positioning the printing on the page and ad- justing the paper length. n Form feed The simplest forms control code is the form feed. Form feed (or (FF)) is CHR$(12) and causes the printer to move the paper to the top of the next sheet.
Page 81 n Reverse form feed Just as your printer can perform a reverse line feed, it can do a reverse form feed. This code moves the paper so that the print head is positioned at the top of the current page. This can be used, for example, to print text in a multi-column mat;...
Page 82: Top And Bottom Margins
Let’s set up a 7 inch high form length, which is typical of many computer checks. The following program will do it. 10 ' Demo of variable form lengths 20 LPRINT CHR$(27);"C";CHR$(O);CHR$(7); 30 LPRINT "PAY TO THE ORDER OF:" 40 LPRINT CHR$(lZ); 50 LPRINT "PAY TO THE ORDER OF:"...
Page 83 Top and bottom margin commands Function Set top margin to n lines Set bottom margin to n lines Cancel top and bottom margins In both cases the value of n tells your printer how many lines to skip, although there is a slight difference in the usage. When you set the top margin with (ESC) “r”...
Page 84 Now when you run the program, your printer skip the first six lines and the last six lines on each page. Always send a form feed after setting the top margin, or it will not work on the first page printed. That’s because the top margin only takes effect after a form feed.
Page 85: Setting Left And Right Margins
SETTING LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS The left and right margins typewriter once they are set all printing them. You can set margins either by using the keys on the con- trol panel, as described The commands to set the margins are given in the following table: Left and right margin commands Function...
Page 86: Horizontal And Vertical Tabs
Run the program. The results will look like this: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx When you want to reset the margins to the default values, you have two choices. You can either turn the printer off and back on, or you can set margin values equal to the default values. This means that you should set a left margin of 0 and right margin of 80 or 136 in pica pitch.
Page 87 Even though the words are different length, they are spaced out evenly by the horizontal tabs. Now add the following line to your program horizontal tabs: 15 LPRINT CHR$(27);"D";CHR$(7);CHR$(l4);CHR$(21); CHR$(O); (ESC) “D” is the command to begin setting horizontal tabs. It must be followed by characters where you want the tabs set.
Page 88 Horizontal tab commands Function Advance to next tab position Set tabs at nl, n2, etc. Set tabs every n columns Restore the default tab positions n One-time horizontal tabs Suppose you need to move to a position across the page, but you only need to do it once.
Page 89 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);"$";CHR$(I);CHR$(O); 50 LPRINT "Horizontal tab." 60 NEXT I 70 END In this program, the print head is positioned before the “H” in “Horizontal” is printed. 60 +++++ Horizontal 62 +++++ Horizontal 64 +++++ Horizontal Horizontal 66 +++++ Horizontal 68 +++++ Horizontal 70 +++++...
Page 90 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);"\";CHR$(I*2O);CHR$(O); 50 LPRINT 60 LPRINT CHR$(27);"\";CHR$(I*lO);CKR$(O); 70 LPRINT 80 NEXT I 90 END Relative Relative Relative n Vertical tabs Vertical tabs have the same kinds of uses that horizontal tabs do - they just work in the other direction. Horizontal tabs allow you to reach a specific column on the page no matter where you start from.
Page 91: First Tab
in ascending order. Our example sets vertical tabs at lines 10, 15,25 and 30. Then the CHR$(ll) advances the paper to the next vertical tab. The printout shown below. FIRST TAB. SECOND TAB. THIRD TAB. FOURTH TAB. Add one more line to the program to demonstrate feature of vertical tabs.
Page 92 the one-time horizontal tab command. how these commands ’ Demo of print 20 LPRINT ‘I* Line, CHR$(27);“fl”;CHR$(3); 30 LPRINT 40 LPRINT ‘I* 5th Line, 50 LPRINT CHR$(27);“fO”;CHR$(7); 60 LPRINT I’* 6th Line, 70 LPRINT CHR$(27);“fl”;CHR$(2); 80 LPRINT CHR$(27);“fO”;Cl%R$(5); 90 LPRINT ‘I* 9th Line, 100 END In this program, line 30 sends a one-time vertical tab with...
Page 93 H Vertical tab channels Vertical tab channels are especially hefpful in two situations. The first occurs when you are writing a program to accompany a preprinted form that can accommodate responses. The second occurs when you create a multipage form or report with different vertical tabs on each page. Vertical tab channel commands Function Set vertical tabs at nl, n.2, etc.
Page 94 TOP OF FORM CHANNEL CHANNEL In this program we set tabs at 10 and 20 in channel 1 in line 20. In line 30 we set tabs 15 and 25 in channel 2, and in line 40 we set tabs 17 and 28 in channel 3. Because the channels are stored, you must make the printer to recall one before you use it, so we used (ESC) “/”...
Page 95 Alignment commands Function Left-justified printing Centered printing Right-justified printing Fully-justified printing this program to see how easy it is. ’ Demo of aligning 20 LPRINT CHR$(27);“1”;CHR$(20); 30 LPRINT CHR$(27);“Q”;CHR$(60); 40 LPRINT CHR$ (27) ; “a0” ; 50 LPRINT “THIS LINE IS LEFT JUSTIFIED.” 6C LPRINT CHR$ (27) ;...
Page 96 CHAPTER 6 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 6 include- . Printer’s bell Master reset Uni-directional printing International character sets Printing BIG characters The optional sheet feeder Reading a hex dump In the previous chapters groups of control codes. In this chapter we will look at more con- trol codes.
Page 97 The code to sound the “bell” is CHR$(7), which is ASCII code 7 or (BEL). Any time your printer receives this code it will sound the bell for a quarter of a second. This can be used to re- mind the operator to change the paper or to make other ad- justments to the printer.
Page 98 sheet. You can disable the paper-out detector so that it doesn’t stop the printer. This will allow you to print to the end of the sheet, and even beyond if you are not careful. The codes to con- trol the paper-out detector, have just looked at are in the following table.
Page 99 The following program shows how these codes works. LPRINT "BACKSPACE DOES NOT"; 20 LPRINT CHR$(8);CHR$(8);CHR$(8); 30 LPRINT u=== WORK" 40 LPRINT "DELETE DOES NOT"; 50 LPRINT CJJR$(127);CHR$(127);CHRs( 60 LPRINT "WORK" 70 LPRINT "CANCEL LINE"; 80 LPRINT CHRS(24); 90 LPRINT "DOES NOT WORK" Here is what this program will print: BACKSPACE DOES...
Page 100 at the speed of your typing. In the immediate-print mode, the print head prints one character printer also moves the paper up so that you can see the current line and then down to continue printing. You can turn the immediate-print Before looking at it, let’s review the normal operation print buffer.
Page 101 Units of motion for the adjustment of the character width Print pitch Draft characters Pica pitch l/120 inch Elite pitch 11120 inch Semi-condensed & 11240 inch Condensed pitch Try this program to see how this works. ' Demo of adjusting 20 LPRINT Cl-IRS (27) ;...
Page 102 CPS with the LQ characters. printing is a quieter run. Uni-directional printing printing means printing in one direction only. Uni-directional Your printer normally prints when the print head is moving in both directions. But once in a while you may have an application such as making table where you are more concerned the vertical lines align than with how fast it prints.
Page 103 Let’s analyze the program. Line 20 defines the line spacing to 6/60 of an inch so that the characters that we print will touch top to bottom. Lines 30 - 50 print 10 vertical line characters. line 70 sets uni-directional printed again.
Page 104 Eighth bit controls Function Turn the eighth bit ON Turn the eighth bit OFF Accept the eighth bit “as is” from (ESCj ,,#,, (except IBMsP modeJ the computer n Block graphics characters Besides the upper and lower case letters and symbols that we are by now familiar with, your printer has a whole different set of characters that are for special uses.
Page 105 & << Figure 6-1. Character set #2 >> " §...
Page 106 Figure 6-l shows what this program will print. If your chart doesn’t look like this because it has regular letters and numbers instead of the special symbols, then your computer is only using seven bits (unless you have set Standard mode by mistake). You can get the correct printout by changing line 110 to this: 110 LPRINT I;CHR$(27);">";CHR$(I);CHR$(27);"=";...
Page 107 In this program, line 10 selects character set #2 so that all the graphics characters can be used (including the “club” symbol). Then lines 20 - 80 print the 5 of clubs figure. Line 90 cancels character set #2 (which is the same as selecting #l).
Page 108 The characters that change are shown beneath their ASCII code in Table 6-6. International character sets H Printing characters When you refer the Appendix C, you’ll find many characters are printed in the control code area. (Remember order control codes are the ASCII codes 0 through 31 plus 127, and the high-order control codes are 128 through 159 plus 255.) These codes don’t normally print symbols on paper, rather they cause the printer to change modes.
Page 109 In this program line 20 determines characters should be printed characters in the control code area are printed as shown below. v+i4 If you want to print more characters command you must tell the printer how many characters be printed. The total number of characters x 256).
Page 110 110 OUT &H378,1 120 RETURN GOSUB 100 100 O=INP(&H3BD) : IF 0<128 THEN 100 110 OUT &H3BC,I 120 RETURN Printing BIG characters You can even enlarge bing headings or special can use. Everything following shown below, until the cancel Big character commands Function Double-high enlarged print...
Page 111 THIS DOUBLE THIS QUAD you can see, when the big character baseline for each character the baseline, try this program: 10 ’ Demo of aligning 20 LPRINT “THIS 30 LPRINT CHR$(27);“j”;CHR$(l8); 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);“h”;CHR$(l); 50 LPRINT “DOUBLE” ; 60 LPRINT CHR$(27);“h”;CHR$(O); 70 LPRINT CHR$(27);“J”;CHR$(l8);...
Page 112 cut sheets automatically. that done on computer “perforations” off each sheet as you must with fan-fold paper. The automatic sheet feeder feeds a new sheet automatically every time the printer receives or generates time you wish, you can turn the auto-feed unit on and off by using control codes.
Page 113 10 FOR I=0 TO 255 20 LPRINT U-IRS(I); 30 NEXT I 40 LPRINT 50 END If your system passes the codes directly to the printer without changing them, you will get a printout like this. (You can print out the last remaining printer off line with the On Line key.) Most BASICS, however, are not quite that straight forward.
Page 114 Notice that your printer receives decimal code 13 (hex OD) together with hex OA, which is really decimal 10. In addition, your printer does not receive decimal code 26 (hex 1A). Your printer prints characters on the right hand side. If it receives less than 16, it sits in a holding pattern, awaiting more data.
Page 115 MEMO...
Page 116: Dot Matrix Printing
CHAPTER 7 DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS AND DOT GRAPHICS Subjects covered in Chapter 7 include- * Designing and printing your own characters User-designed graphics Using the procedures standard functions can be utilized. There user-defined functions own characters, and designing graphics. These two functions can be used to design and print any sym- bol, or any graphic shape.
Page 117 the print head, showing the ends of the wires and their relation- ship to the draft characters. use the top eighteen wires of the print head, and the descenders (such as the lower case “p” shown) use the bottom pins. As the print head moves across the page (in either direc- tion - that’s what is meant by b&directional printing) it prints one column of dots at a time.
Page 118 downloaded and stored in RAM (Random Access Memory) for use. Designing quirements: calculating the data necessary that data to the printer, and secondary, sending the command to print the downloaded characters. download draft quality characters: The matrix or grid on which you design the characters is five boxes wide by twenty-four Horizontally, straddle a line, making the actual character grid 9 dots...
Page 119 You may define any position in the ASCII table except the control code area, but you cannot define more than 35 characters. Photocopy the grid in Figure 7-3 to help design your new characters. We will use a tiny representation automobile for our example.
Page 120 Figure 7-4. Add the values t :he sum of each column at the bottom. n Assigning a value of character Besides being able to specify character, this printer allows you to specify the position in the standard grid where the character will print. You must specify the dot column in which the printed character starts and the dot column in which the character ends.
Page 121 of the character itself and the spaces around it, you can actually create proportional width characters When defining draft characters, umns (ml) cannot exceed 9, and the sum of m0 + ml + m2 can- not exceed 12. n Assigning a value to your character We’ve done a pretty through job of designing and describing a user-defined character.
Page 122 character. value. You can also access the character from a BASIC program with the CHR$ function. In our example, we’ll assign the car a value of 60, which is the code for the character “(” in the ASCII characters. bitrary selection, but this printer doesn’t care! Our chart would hardly be complete with just a picture of a car, so in Figure 7-5 we’ve made completed symbol: a telephone (quite a strange mix of characters!).
Page 123 characters (m0, ml and m2) are used to specify the width of the character and the space to be allowed on either side of it. The left space (in dot column) is specified by m0 and the right space is specified by m2. The second byte (ml) specifies the number of columns of dots that will be printed by the character.
Page 124 120 DATA 255,192 130 DATA 140 DATA 1, 9, 150 DATA 4,132, 64, 16, 10, 0, 96, 0 160 DATA 0, 31,192, 14, 0, When you run this program, That’s OK. We’ll see why in just a moment. Save this program. We’ll need it again shortly.
Page 125 (FS) “:” CHR$(O) CHR$(O) CHR$(O) To demonstrate how to use the download characters, the “car” and “telephone” small graph. This program will do just that: 10 LPRINT CHR$(27);"xO"; 20 LPRINT CHR$(27) ;":";cHR$(o);cHR$(o);cHR$(o) 30 LPRINT CHR$(27);"&";CHR$(O);CHR$(6O);CHR$(61); 40 FOR N=60 TO 61 50 FOR M=l TO 30 60READMM 70 LPRINT CHR$(MM);...
Page 126 310 NEXT I 320 LPRINT 330 LPRINT "GERMANY";CHR$(g); 340 FOR I=0 TO 412 STEP 50 350 LPRINT CHR$(60); 360 NEXT I 370 LPRINT 380 LPRINT CHR$(9); 390 FOR I=0 TO 488 STEP 50 400 LPRINT CHR$(61); 410 NEXT I 420 LPRINT 430 LPRINT "JAPAN";CHR$(g);...
Page 127 In the example program characters, we selected the Draft print mode. By doing this, we caused user-defined characters because user-defined characters fect at the time they are defined. The modes that affect user-defined letter quality printing. (The (ESC) “x” n command selects be- tween draft (n = 0) and letter quality commands download character set, and copying ROM are exactly the same...
Page 128 W Draft download characters As you’ve seen, draft characters is 9 dots wide by 24 dots high (plus up to three columns of dots for space between characters). at the same high speed as normal draft characters, they may print with more dots and may even be designed for pro- portional spacing.
Page 129 for characters, except that the printed width can range from one to 3264 dots on a 15-inch type printer. propriate line spacing will allow rows of dots to link seamlessly, and in this way you may design and print a whole page of data. In the dot graphics mode, you directly address all dot positions on the page if desired.
Page 130 I ‘. If the number of col- umns, x, ranges from: 768 to 1023 1024 1280 1536 1792 to 2047 3072 to 3264 When you are using the 24-dot graphics modes you must send three bytes of data for each dot column, as you’ve done with the download characters.
Page 131 third, and fourth dots, add their values (128 + 32 + 16) to send this total: CHR$(176). This is one byte of graphics data; it would replace in our format statement. [24-dot graphics] Ggure 7-6. Starting with the most significant bit at the top, each third pin of the print head is assigned a value which is a power of two in case of B-dot graphics modes.
Page 132 with, these new commands are followed by two bytes to specify the number of graphics data bytes to print and then the data. Alternative graphics commands Density Single command (ESC)“*” CHR$(O) &dot noraml nl n2 ml m2 . . . (ES(Z)“*”...
Page 133 MEMO...

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