Teledyne Lecroy frontline TLF 3000 Reference Manual
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Teledyne Lecroy frontline TLF 3000 Reference Manual

An rf tester for the bluetooth 5 le standard
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Sapphire Reference Manual V1.4
An RF tester for the Bluetooth® 5 LE standard, compatible with
TLF3000.
June 14, 2017

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Summary of Contents for Teledyne Lecroy frontline TLF 3000

  • Page 1 Sapphire Reference Manual V1.4 An RF tester for the Bluetooth® 5 LE standard, compatible with TLF3000. June 14, 2017...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    TELEDYNE LECROY 1 Contents Contents ........................2 Overview........................8 Control........................... 9 Overview ......................... 9 Native language ...................... 9 Sapphire GUI ......................10 Standalone ......................10 Operating Modes......................10 Overview ....................... 10 Phy layer tester ..................... 10 Signal Generator ....................10 Signal Analyzer .....................
  • Page 3 TELEDYNE LECROY 6.4.3 DUT connection status ................... 18 6.4.4 Error message text..................18 Mode tabs ......................18 Mode control panel ....................18 Graphics area ....................... 18 Scripting/tabular results area ................19 Signal Generator Mode....................19 Overview ....................... 19 RF connections ..................... 20 Programming the packetized LE signal ..............
  • Page 4 TELEDYNE LECROY Hardware trigger ....................34 7.7.1 Overview ......................34 7.7.2 Starting the signal generator via digital input lines ......... 34 7.7.3 Pausing the signal generator via digital input lines ......... 35 7.7.4 Resuming the signal generator via digital input lines ........35 7.7.5...
  • Page 5 TELEDYNE LECROY 8.8.1 Power measurements ..................61 8.8.2 Modulation measurements ................61 8.8.3 Drift and carrier offset measurements ............63 8.8.4 In-band emission measurements ..............63 Phy Tester Mode......................64 Overview ....................... 64 Communicating with the DUT ................65 9.2.1...
  • Page 6 TELEDYNE LECROY 9.11.3 Filtering by packet length ................101 9.11.4 Selecting the quantity to be plotted .............. 101 9.11.5 Receiver blocking tests ................105 9.11.6 Receiver intermodulation tests ..............106 9.12 Saving results ..................... 107 9.13 List of supported tests ..................108 Advertise/Scan mode.
  • Page 7 TELEDYNE LECROY 11.3.1 Generating the Moreph30.rfcapp file ............133 11.3.2 Generating the Sapphire.sta file ..............133 11.3.3 Standalone test script file format ..............133 11.4 Control ........................ 134 Native Language Programming ................134 TLF3000 Sapphire Reference Manual V1.4...

  • Page 8: Overview

    TELEDYNE LECROY 2 Overview. TLF3000 is a wideband, ultra-high dynamic range 2.4 GHz software-defined receiver, signal analyzer and signal generator. It captures and analyzes the entire 2402-2480 MHz band simultaneously. It can also generate arbitrary waveforms occupying the band 2395-2485 MHz with a maximum peak level of 0 dBm.

  • Page 9: Control

    TELEDYNE LECROY The Sapphire application is highly parameterised, permitting it to be configured for different scenarios. For example: 1. The unit will function with arbitrary access addresses, allowing multiple devices to be tested simultaneously without cross-talk. 2. The unit may be controlled directly from a host machine via USB or Ethernet, or operated stand-alone with digital IO used to start, stop and report test results.

  • Page 10: Sapphire Gui

    TELEDYNE LECROY 3.3 Sapphire GUI A GUI is shipped with the Sapphire application. This permits the application to be controlled via a host running Windows, Linux or OS X. The GUI connects to the TLF3000 either over USB or Ethernet. The GUI exposes the majority of the Sapphire functionality.

  • Page 11: Signal Analyzer

    TELEDYNE LECROY 2. Continuously modulated GFSK signal 3. In-band CW signal 4. Out-of-band CW signal. All signal sources are fully parameterised. 4.4 Signal Analyzer The signal analyzer mode monitors all 40 LE channel simultaneously. Any packets which match a specified access address are captured and analyzed in accordance with the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification.

  • Page 12: Anatomy Of The Sapphire Gui

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 1: Application Loader main screen. This screen indicates that the following TLF3000 devices have been discovered: 1. Serial number 00000067 connected via USB (highlighted) 2. Serial number 00000078 connected via USB 3. Serial number 00000067 connected via Ethernet (this device is shown twice) The right hand side of the window has three tabs: 1.

  • Page 13: Toolbar

    TELEDYNE LECROY 1. A tool bar along the top of the window 2. A monitor panel to the right of the window 3. A status bar at the bottom of the window 4. Mode tabs located immediately underneath the tool bar 5.

  • Page 14: Screen Capture

    TELEDYNE LECROY Saves the settings or results. Settings are saved individually for each mode of operation. The choice as to whether settings or results are saved is determined by the file extension which is selected. This tool can also be used to save test scripts in the format required by the native programming language.

  • Page 15: Run And Clear

    TELEDYNE LECROY Pans along the x-axis within the graphics area. Hold down the left mouse button and drag horizontally. This is particularly useful for examining long waveforms. Pans along the y-axis within the graphics area. Hold down the left mouse button and drag vertically.

  • Page 16: Exit

    TELEDYNE LECROY 6.2.6 Exit 6.3 Monitor panel 6.3.1 Overview The purpose of the monitor panel is to permit the user to quickly ascertain whether: 1. There is RF energy being emitted from the unit 2. There is RF energy being received by the unit Whenever the unit or DUT appears to be unable to receive, the monitor panel should always be the first item to examine.

  • Page 17: Input Port

    TELEDYNE LECROY 2. Swapping to the ‘Tx/Rx’ RF port ff the ‘Monitor In’ RF port is being used. It is also necessary to indicate which RF port is being used by setting the switch at the bottom of the monitor panel.

  • Page 18: Dut Connection Status

    TELEDYNE LECROY 6.4.3 DUT connection status The DUT connection status message indicates whether the Sapphire application believes it currently has communication with a DUT via a serial interface. 6.4.4 Error message text The error message text reflects the last error detected by the Sapphire application running on the TLF3000unit.

  • Page 19: Scripting/Tabular Results Area

    TELEDYNE LECROY For the signal generator mode, the graphics area provides a visual indication of which signals have been programmed. Note that the graphics area only shows what has been programmed; to make the programmed signals appear at the transmitter port, the ‘Play’...

  • Page 20: Rf Connections

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 3: Sapphire GUI in signal generator mode. 7.2 RF connections The signal generator output is on the Tx/Rx port. 7.3 Programming the packetized LE signal 7.3.1 Overview Many of the parameters governing the packetized LE signal are programmable, however, the access address is fixed at the test address of 0x71764129.

  • Page 21: Carrier Frequency

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 4: Programming the packetized LE signal. 7.3.2 Carrier frequency The frequency of the carrier can be set to anyone of the 40 LE channels either by: 1. Using the channel number spin box 2. Using the frequency spin box As with all spin boxes, adjustment can be performed either by using the up/down arrows or by entering a numeric value into the text field.

  • Page 22: Payload

    TELEDYNE LECROY The 1 Mbps, 500 kbps & 125 kbps signals are all bandlimited to 2 MHz, whilst the 2 Mbps signals are bandlimited to 4 MHz. Each packet has a power ramp time of 2 µs followed by 2 µs of unmodulated carrier prior to the preamble.

  • Page 23: Payload Length

    TELEDYNE LECROY 7.3.6 Payload length The payload length can be adjusted between 0 and 255 octets. Altering the payload length may result in the packet interval changing. If the packet length exceeds the packet interval, then the packet interval will be rounded up to the next multiple of 625 µs.
  • Page 24 TELEDYNE LECROY 4. Carrier drift rate 5. Symbol timing error The carrier drift is applied in accordance with the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification: 1. The carrier drift at the start of each packet is zero 2. The carrier drift follows a sinusoidal variation whose frequency is determined by the drift rate parameter 3.
  • Page 25 TELEDYNE LECROY Parameter 2 Mbps 1 Mbps, 500 kbps & 125 kbps Carrier offset ±500 kHz ±250kHz Modulation index 0.4 to 0.6 0.4 to 0.6 Drift magnitude ±150 kHz ±78 kHz Drift rate 0 to 2440 Hz 0 to 2440 Hz Symbol timing error ±100 ppm...

  • Page 26: Supplemental

    TELEDYNE LECROY 4. Cancel. Any edits to the waveform distortion table are discarded and the dirty transmission dialog is closed. All future transmissions will use the waveform distortions which were present prior to the dirty transmitter dialog being popped-up. 5. Open. The waveform distortion table will be loaded from an XML file.
  • Page 27 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 6: Supplemental Antenna Selection 7.3.10.2 Editing the supplemental parameters The length of the supplemental is defined by a spin box showing the length in 8 µs slots. The minimum length is 2 x 8 µs slots (guard interval + reference interval + switching/sampling slots) and the maximum length is 20 x 8 µs slots.

  • Page 28: Digital Output

    TELEDYNE LECROY supplemental is not modulated and the only relevant parameter is the supplemental length. In this instance all other parameters in the dialog are hidden. In AoD mode the number of transmit antenna can be selected using a spin box. The minimum number permissible is 2 and the maximum 63.

  • Page 29: Programming The Modulated Interferer Signal

    TELEDYNE LECROY The TLF3000 unit has 8 digital output lines. Lines 2 to 7 are available for signalling packet transmission. Lines are selected by toggling ‘X’ to ‘1’ in the appropriate box. If a digital output line is specified as monitoring both wanted signal transmissions and modulated interferer transmissions, then the state of the line is the logical OR of the two signals.

  • Page 30: Carrier Frequency

    TELEDYNE LECROY 7.4.2 Carrier frequency The frequency of the carrier can be set by: 1. Using the channel number spin box 2. Using the frequency spin box As with all spin boxes, adjustment can be performed either by using the up/down arrows or by entering a numeric value into the text field.

  • Page 31: Digital Output

    TELEDYNE LECROY 3. 500 kbps, s=2 spreading, GFSK 4. 125 kbps, s=8 spreading, GFSK The 1 Mbps, 500 kbps & 125 kbps signals are all bandlimited to 2 MHz, whilst the 2 Mbps signals are bandlimited to 4 MHz. The suppression of sidebands outside the band limit is extremely high.

  • Page 32: Frequency

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 8: Programming the in-band CW interferer signal. 7.5.2 Frequency The frequency of the in-band CW interferer signal can be set by: 1. Using the channel number spin box 2. Using the frequency spin box As with all spin boxes, adjustment can be performed either by using the up/down arrows or by entering a numeric value into the text field.

  • Page 33: Programming The Out-Of-Band Cw Signal

    TELEDYNE LECROY 7.6 Programming the out-of-band CW signal Sapphire can generate an out-of-band CW interferer signal. This signal is required to perform receiver blocking tests. To turn the out-of-band CW interferer signal on or off, toggle the switch to the left of the ‘Out- of-band CW’...

  • Page 34: Hardware Trigger

    TELEDYNE LECROY The amplitude of the out-of-band CW interferer signal does not impact the maximum amplitude of the in-band signals. The energy of the out-of-band CW interferer signal is excluded from the power indicated by the ‘Output power’ gauge in the monitor panel.

  • Page 35: Pausing The Signal Generator Via Digital Input Lines

    TELEDYNE LECROY low, a ‘1’ indicates the line must be high and an ‘X’ indicates ‘don’t care’. If the digital input lines transition from a state which matches the ‘before’ row to a state which matches the ‘after’ row and the signal generator was in the stopped state, then the signal generator will be started.

  • Page 36: Stopping The Signal Generator Via Digital Input Lines

    TELEDYNE LECROY 7.7.5 Stopping the signal generator via digital input lines The hardware trigger menu contains an item labelled ‘Stop’, to the right of which is a table of two rows and 8 columns. Each column in the table represents a digital input line. The top row in the table indicates the state the digital input lines must be in prior to the signal generator stopping.

  • Page 37: Rf Connections

    TELEDYNE LECROY The central graphics area is used to plot the results in a manner defined by the parameters under the analysis tab. Below the analysis tab is a results table which displays statistics of the test quantities defined in the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification. These results are filtered by the parameters set under the ‘Analysis’...
  • Page 38 TELEDYNE LECROY It is possible to select: 1. Which Bluetooth 5 LE test quantities are to be measured 2. Which Bluetooth 5 LE phys are of interest 3. Which RF channels are of interest 4. Which packet lengths are of interest 5.

  • Page 39: Programming The Measurements To Be Performed

    TELEDYNE LECROY 8.3.2 Programming the measurements to be performed Sapphire divides the Bluetooth LE RF phy transmitter test measurements into five groups: 1. Power measurements, which includes: a. P b. Pk - P 2. Modulation characteristics, which includes: a. ΔF1 b.

  • Page 40: Programming Which Rf Phys To Collect

    TELEDYNE LECROY Results for the “Off-air” mode are held separately from those of the conventional test packet mode. If both off-air and conventional test packet results have been collected, make sure that analysis tab ‘Off-air’ mode has been set accordingly to ensure the anticipated results are displayed.

  • Page 41: Programming Which Rf Channels To Collect

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 13: Programming which RF phys to collect. 8.3.4 Programming which RF channels to collect The ‘Channel’ menu permits the RF channels on which data is to be collected and processed to be defined. Note: these are RF channel numbers, not LE channel indices.

  • Page 42: Programming Which Packet Lengths To Collect

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 14: Programming which RF channels to collect. 8.3.5 Programming which packet lengths to collect The ‘Packet length’ menu permits the LE packet lengths for which data is to be collected and processed to be defined. Due to memory restrictions, individual packet lengths cannot be specified. Instead, the range of possible packet lengths is divided up into 32 groups, each group spanning 8 contiguous packet lengths.

  • Page 43: Programming Which Access Address To Collect

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 15: Programming which packet lengths to collect. 8.3.6 Programming which access address to collect Sapphire’s signal analyzer will only collect and process packets with a specified access address. The access address to use is defined under the ‘Access Address’ menu.

  • Page 44: Programming De-Whitening Of The Packet

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 16: Programming which access address to collect. 8.3.7 Programming de-whitening of the packet The Bluetooth 5 RF Phy Test Specification uses un-whitened test packets with the test access address (0x71764129). However, if it is desired to analyze packets off-air, it is likely that these will have had whitening applied.

  • Page 45: Programming The Termination Criterion

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 17: Programming de-whitening of the packet. 8.3.8 Programming the termination criterion Once the signal analyzer has been started by toggling the ‘Play’ button in the toolbar, it will continue to collect, process and display data until either: 1.
  • Page 46 TELEDYNE LECROY Test Modulation 2 Mbps 1 Mbps 500 kbps 125 kbps Power Shared Shared Shared Shared Modulation 2Mbps specific Shared Shared 125 kbps specific Drift & carrier Shared Shared LR specific LR specific offset In-band 2 Mbps Shared Shared...

  • Page 47: Selecting The Rf Input Port

    TELEDYNE LECROY 8.3.9 Selecting the RF input port The signal analyzer can monitor signals on either the ‘Monitor In’ RF port or the ‘Tx/Rx’ RF port. The selection of which port is used is made clicking the port displayed towards the bottom of the monitor panel.

  • Page 48: Selecting The Measurement Group To Display

    TELEDYNE LECROY 2. LE RF channel 3. Packet length group In addition, results are accumulated separately for the ‘Off-air’ mode. The ‘Analysis’ tab in the mode control panel determines how these results are filtered and displayed. If no results are displayed, then it is possible that the current analysis filter does not correspond to any of the packets which have been collected.

  • Page 49: Filtering The Displayed Results By Rf Phy

    TELEDYNE LECROY The Sapphire GUI displays the results from just one of these measurement groups at any one time. The selection of which measurement group to display is accomplished through the ‘Measurement’ menu under the ‘Analysis’ tab. The Sapphire application stores results separately for the ‘Off-air’ mode. The ‘Off-air’ check box in the ‘Measurement’...

  • Page 50: Filtering The Displayed Results By Rf Channel

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 20: Filtering displayed results by RF phy. 8.4.4 Filtering the displayed results by RF channel The displayed results can be filtered by RF channel number. This facility may be useful when monitoring a live link and it is suspected that there is a problem with packet transfer on a particular RF channel.

  • Page 51: Filtering The Displayed Results By Packet Length

    TELEDYNE LECROY If a is unity, then a can be abbreviated toa step start step stop start stop If a is equal to a then a can be abbreviated toa step stop start step stop start. Figure 21: Filtering displayed results by RF channel.

  • Page 52: Understanding The Results Table

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 22: Filtering displayed result by packet length. 8.4.6 Understanding the results table The results table contains a summary of the results obtained from the selected measurement group when filtered by the selected RF phy, RF channel and packet length.

  • Page 53: Controlling The Graphical Data

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 23: The results table. When the selected filters include more than one RF channel or packet length group, then the displayed values of minimum, maximum and average are the minimum, maximum and average overall packets which satisfy the selected filtering parameters.
  • Page 54 TELEDYNE LECROY 8.4.7.2 vs channel: The quantity to be plotted is shown as a function of the RF channel number. For each RF channel the following quantities are displayed: 1. minimum observed value (bottom of pink bar) 2. average value (junction of red and pink bars) 3.
  • Page 55 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 25: Results vs RF phy. 8.4.7.4 vs packet length group: The quantity to be plotted is shown as a function of the packet length group. For each packet length group the following quantities are displayed: 1. minimum observed value (bottom of pink bar) 2.
  • Page 56 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 26: Results vs packet length group. TLF3000 Sapphire Reference Manual V1.4...
  • Page 57 TELEDYNE LECROY 8.4.7.5 Histogram A histogram of the plotted quantity is displayed. Figure 27: Results plotted as a histogram. 8.4.7.6 vs time This option is not available for in-band emission tests. The measured quantity is shown by the blue lines on the plot. The plot corresponds to the value(s) obtained from the last packet on which the selected quantity was measurable.
  • Page 58 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 28: vs time. 8.4.7.7 vsfrequency This option is only available for in-band emission tests. When the vsfrequency option is selected for in-band emission tests, additional options become available: 1. Plotting of the in-band emission results for every MHz in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (1 MHz spectrum) 2.

  • Page 59: Screen Update Period

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 29: In-band emissions vs frequency. 8.4.8 Screen update period The ‘Plot’ menu contains a slider which can be used to alter the rate at which the results table and graphics are updated. The fastest update period possible is around 50 ms, typically limited by the host screen refresh rate.

  • Page 60: Saving And Restoring Settings

    TELEDYNE LECROY Test Modulation 2 Mbps 1 Mbps 500 kbps 125 kbps Power Shared Shared Shared Shared Modulation 2 Mbps Shared Shared 125 kbps specific specific Drift & carrier Shared Shared LR specific LR specific offset In-band 2 Mbps Shared...

  • Page 61: Notes On Measured Quantities

    TELEDYNE LECROY 8.8 Notes on measured quantities 8.8.1 Power measurements Bluetooth 5 RF Phy Test Specification Sapphire Output power tests are only specified for Output power tests are available for all 1Mbps packets Bluetooth 5 RF phys Tests should be performed on a spectrum...
  • Page 62 TELEDYNE LECROY Filter for 1 Mbps & 125 kbps to have less than 0.5 dB peak-to- peak ripple between ±550 kHz Filter shape for 2 Mbps should be at least: ±1.3 MHz @ -3 dB ±2 MHz @ -14 dB ±4 MHz @ -44 dB...

  • Page 63: Drift And Carrier Offset Measurements

    TELEDYNE LECROY The ΔF2 / ΔF1 current entry in the results table shows the ratio of ΔF2 for the last packet on which this quantity could be calculated to ΔF1 for the last packet on which this quantity could be calculated, with the restriction that both packets had the same RF phy, RF channel and lay in the same packet length group.

  • Page 64: Phy Tester Mode

    TELEDYNE LECROY first written, this gives an averaging time of 2.5 ms per point Maximum hold over 10 Maximum hold starts prior to the packet power ramp up sweeps and continues until the end of the packet power ramp down or 2.5 ms, whichever is longer.

  • Page 65: Communicating With The Dut

    TELEDYNE LECROY interfering signal inside the 2.4 GHz ISM band, but fail when the interfering signals are placed outside the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The Sapphire application allows the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification tests to be expanded to include: 1.

  • Page 66: Hardware Connections

    TELEDYNE LECROY 9.2.2 Hardware connections The serial interface connection can be either 1. via the digital IO connector on the rear of the TLF3000 unit 2. via a comport accessible from the host The pinout of the digital IO connector on the rear of the TLF3000 unit is:...

  • Page 67: Dut Supported Features

    TELEDYNE LECROY 5. Parity bits 6. CRC (H5 and BCSP only, not yet supported) 9.3 DUT supported features In order for Sapphire to determine which tests are applicable to the DUT, it is necessary to establish which features the DUT supports. The DUT supported features can be entered in the ‘DUT type’...

  • Page 68: Rf Connections

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 31: DUT supported features. 9.4 RF connections For phy layer testing the DUT is connected to the Tx/Rx RF port. Sapphire needs an estimate of the cable loss between the Tx/Rx port and the DUT at 2.4 GHz.

  • Page 69: Run Modes And Termination Criteria

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 32: Entering the cable loss value. 9.5 Run modes and termination criteria The operation of the phy layer tester can be modified by using the options available in the ‘Run mode’ menu under the ‘Collection’ tab. Available options are: 1.

  • Page 70: Monitoring Activity On The Digital Io Connector

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 32. Run modes and termination criteria. 9.5.1 Monitoring activity on the digital IO connector It is possible to monitor the activity of the phy layer tester via the digital IO connector on the rear panel of the TLF3000 unit. The settings in the ‘Digital outputs’ menu under the ‘Collection’...

  • Page 71: Building A Test Script

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 33: Monitoring activity on the digital IO connector. 9.6 Building a test script 9.6.1 Overview The test script will be displayed at the bottom of the window below the graphics area. On entering the phy layer tester the script will be empty. To commence building a test script, click on ‘click to add test’.

  • Page 72: Selecting The Test Type

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 34: Test definition window. 9.6.3 Selecting the test type The test type is selected by using the drop down menus in the yellow bar at the top of the test definition pop-up window. If the test number if known, then it may be selected directly by using the left hand drop down menu.
  • Page 73 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 35: Selecting the test type if the test number is known. If the test number is not known, then the second drop down menu may be used to select the test by its name. Figure 36: Selecting the test type if the test number is not known.
  • Page 74 TELEDYNE LECROY Having selected a test by its name, it may be necessary to refine the test selection by specifying the modulation scheme using the two remaining menus: Figure 37: Refining the test selection by specifying the modulation scheme, 1.

  • Page 75: Selecting Which Channels Are Tested

    TELEDYNE LECROY 9.6.4 Selecting which channels are tested To select which RF channels the test is to be performed on, expand the ‘Channels’ menu. The RF channels can be selected by clicking on the checkboxes. Groups of RF channels can be selected using the toggle buttons at the bottom left: 1.

  • Page 76: Selecting Which Packet Lengths Are Tested

    TELEDYNE LECROY 9.6.5 Selecting which packet lengths are tested To select which packet lengths the test is to be performed on, expand the ‘Packet Lengths’ menu. The wanted packet lengths can be selected by clicking on the checkboxes. Groups of packet lengths can be selected using the toggle buttons at the bottom left: 1.

  • Page 77: Selecting The Wanted Signal Level For Receiver Tests

    TELEDYNE LECROY If the ‘Specification’ checkbox is cleared, then the number of packets can be entered into the spin box, either by using the up/down arrows or by entering a numeric value directly into the text field. When performing ‘quick look’ receiver tests, it is frequently useful to reduce the number of packets from the 1500 specified in the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification.
  • Page 78 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 42: Wanted signal levels shown at the bottom of the menu. If the ‘Specification’ checkbox is cleared, then the wanted signal level can be entered into the spin box, either by using the up/down arrows or by entering a numeric value directly into the text field.
  • Page 79 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 43: Setting the wanted signal level. If it is desired to sweep the wanted signal level over a range of values, for example, to perform a PER search, then tick the ‘Swept’ checkbox. If interfering signals have been programmed to have swept levels, then it is not possible to sweep the wanted signal level.

  • Page 80: Configuring C/I Receiver Tests

    TELEDYNE LECROY If the cursor is placed over one of the limits of the red bar, then it will change to a double headed cursor. It is then possible to hold down the left mouse button and drag the edge of the red bar to adjust either the minimum or maximum power.
  • Page 81 TELEDYNE LECROY 9.6.8.2 Specifying the DUT image frequencies To set the DUT image frequency, expand the ‘C/I Image Frequency’ menu. The spin box labelled ‘Image frequency’ determines the offset of the DUT’s image frequency. The image frequency can be set to any value from 0 MHz to 100 MHz in steps of 1 MHz.
  • Page 82 TELEDYNE LECROY 9.6.8.3 Selecting the C/I receiver test offset frequencies To select which offsets of the interferer from the wanted signal are to be explored, expand the ‘C/I Frequency Offsets’ menu. The interfering signal can be placed up to 81 MHz from the wanted signal with a resolution of 1 MHz.
  • Page 83 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 46: Selecting the C/I receiver test offset frequencies. 9.6.8.4 Selecting the interferer signal level for C/I receiver tests To select the interferer signal levels to be used in the C/I receiver tests, expand the ‘C/I Interferer Levels’ menu.
  • Page 84 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 47: Interferer signal level for C/I receiver tests. To enable the C/I levels to be adjusted, the ‘Specification’ checkbox must be cleared. Once the checkbox has been cleared, the following controls are accessible: 1. The individual spin boxes in the last column of the table can be used to adjust the C/I values.
  • Page 85 TELEDYNE LECROY will appear adjacent to the cursor. It is then possible to hold down the left mouse button and drag the red bar. Figure 48: Changing the signal level for C/I receiver tests. If it is desired to perform the C/I receiver tests over a range of interfering signal levels, then the ‘Swept’...
  • Page 86 TELEDYNE LECROY 1. Maximum Offset. This indicates the offset at which the sweep will start. The sweep will always be from the maximum C/I towards the minimum C/I. The maximum offset cannot be above +20 dB and must be greater than or equal to the minimum offset.

  • Page 87: Configuring Blocker Receiver Tests

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 49. Figure 49: Selecting a range of signal levels for C/I receiver tests. 9.6.9 Configuring blocker receiver tests To configure the blocker frequencies and levels to be used in the blocker receiver tests, expand the ‘Blocker’ menu.
  • Page 88 TELEDYNE LECROY size that will be used to move the blocker through the segment and the fourth column denotes the end of the segment. The final column specifies the blocker level to be used for the segment. Below the table is a ‘Specification’ checkbox. If this check box is ticked, then the blocker frequencies and levels in the table and displayed on the graph are those defined in the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification.
  • Page 89 TELEDYNE LECROY The offset to be applied to all the blocker levels in the table is also shown by the red bar in the gauge at the bottom of the window. It is possible to adjust the offset by clicking on the gauge.
  • Page 90 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 51: Removing or adding blocker frequencies and levels. If it is desired to perform the blocker receiver tests over a range of blocker signal levels, then the ‘Swept’ checkbox must be ticked. It is only possible to sweep the blocker signal level if the wanted signal is not being swept.
  • Page 91 TELEDYNE LECROY 2. Offset Step. This is the step size that the sweep will take from the minimum blocker level to the maximum blocker level. The step size cannot be less than 0.5 dB. The resolution of the step size is 0.1 dB.

  • Page 92: Configuring Receiver Intermodulation Tests

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 52: Selecting a range of blocker frequencies and levels. 9.6.10 Configuring receiver intermodulation tests To configure the parameters to be used in the receiver intermodulation tests, expand the ‘Intermodulation Spacings and Levels’ menu. At the top of the window is graphical display of the interferer levels and frequencies which have been selected.
  • Page 93 TELEDYNE LECROY c. Red: interferer spacing N = 5 4. The interferer frequencies are shown below the wanted signal. The test will be performed for the interferer frequencies both below and above the wanted signal. Below the graphical display are a series of checkboxes to select the frequency offsets of the interfering signals.
  • Page 94 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 53: Entering interferer signal levels. If the ‘Specification’ checkbox is cleared, then the interferer signal levels can be entered into the spin box, either by using the up/down arrows or by entering a numeric value directly into the text field.
  • Page 95 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 54: Selecting interferer signal levels over a range of values. If it is desired to sweep the interferer signal levels over a range of values then tick the ‘Swept’ checkbox. If wanted signal has been programmed to have swept levels, then it is not possible to sweep the interferer signal levels.

  • Page 96: Configuring The Receiver Per Report Integrity Tests

    TELEDYNE LECROY The maximum power cannot be above 0dBm and must be greater than or equal to the minimum power. The resolution of the maximum power is 0.1 dBm. The red bar in the signal level gauge indicates the range selected by the maximum and minimum powers.

  • Page 97: Test Duplication

    TELEDYNE LECROY This implies that all values from a to a in steps of a will be selected, plusall values start stop step from b to b in steps of b , etc. start stop step If a is unity, then a...

  • Page 98: Saving And Recalling Test Scripts

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 56: The test script window. 9.9 Saving and recalling test scripts The current test script can be saved by clicking the ‘Save’ button in the toolbar. The test script can be saved in two formats: 1. Test script file (*.tsf). This is an XML file containing the test script. These files can be read back into the Sapphire GUI.

  • Page 99: Viewing The Results

    TELEDYNE LECROY 3. The cable loss between the TLF3000 unit and the DUT must be entered in the ‘Cable loss’ menu under the ‘Control’ tab. If a test script is loaded from a test script file, then these parameters will be read in from the file.

  • Page 100: Filtering By Rf Channel Number

    TELEDYNE LECROY 9.11.2 Filtering by RF channel number To filter the displayed results by RF channel number, expand the ‘Channels’ menu under the ‘Analysis’ tab. The required RF channels can be selected by: 1. Ticking the individual channel checkboxes 2. Using the toggle buttons at the bottom left of the window: a.

  • Page 101: Filtering By Packet Length

    TELEDYNE LECROY 9.11.3 Filtering by packet length To filter the displayed results by packet length, expand the ‘Packet length’ menu under the ‘Analysis’ tab. The required packet lengths can be selected by: 1. Ticking the individual packet length checkboxes 2. Using the toggle buttons at the bottom left of the window: a.
  • Page 102 TELEDYNE LECROY 9.11.4.1 Transmitter tests For transmitter tests, the quantity plotted on the y-axis can be anyone of the quantities against which a test limit is applied in the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification: 1. Power measurements: a. P b.
  • Page 103 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 59: Transmitter tests. 9.11.4.2 Receiver sensitivity, maximum input signal and PER report integrity tests The y-axis can be selected to be either: 1. Wanted signal level 2. Log (PER) If the y-axis is selected to be wanted signal level, then the x-axis can be either: 1.
  • Page 104 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 60: Receiver sensitivity, maximum input signal and PER report integrity tests 9.11.4.3 Receiver C/I tests For receiver C/I tests, the x-axis is always the offset of the interferer from the wanted signal. The y-axis may be selected to be one of the following: 1.

  • Page 105: Receiver Blocking Tests

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 61: Receiver C/I tests. 9.11.5 Receiver blocking tests For receiver blocking tests, the x-axis is always the blocker frequency. The y-axis may be selected to be one of the following: 1. Blocker level 2. Wanted signal level Results are plotted as diamonds which are colour coded red for failure and green for pass.

  • Page 106: Receiver Intermodulation Tests

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 62: Receiver blocking tests. 9.11.6 Receiver intermodulation tests The y-axis can be selected to be either: 1. Wanted signal level 2. Interferer signal level 3. Log (PER) If the y-axis is either wanted signal level or interferer signal level, the x-axis will be RF channel number.

  • Page 107: Saving Results

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 63: Receiver intermodulation tests. 9.12 Saving results The test script results can be saved by clicking the ‘Save’ button on the toolbar. Select the ‘Results file (*.phy)’ file type to save the current test script results. The results are saved as an XML file, permitting it to be read by a range of other applications.

  • Page 108: List Of Supported Tests

    TELEDYNE LECROY 9.13 List of supported tests Test number Test description Limitations TP/TRM-LE/CA/BV-01- Output power Uncoded, 1 Mbps TP/TRM-LE/CA/BV-03- In-band emissions Uncoded, 1 Mbps TP/TRM-LE/CA/BV-05- Modulation characteristics Uncoded, 1 Mbps TP/TRM-LE/CA/BV-06- Carrier frequency offset & drift Uncoded, 1 Mbps TP/TRM-LE/CA/BV-08-...
  • Page 109 TELEDYNE LECROY Mbps TP/RCV-LE/CA/BV-19- PER report integrity Stable, uncoded, 1 Mbps TP/RCV-LE/CA/BV-20- Receiver sensitivity Stable, 2 Mbps TP/RCV-LE/CA/BV-21- C/I & receiver selectivity Stable, 2 Mbps TP/RCV-LE/CA/BV-22- Blocking Stable, 2 Mbps See (a) TP/RCV-LE/CA/BV-23- Intermodulation Stable, 2 Mbps See (b) TP/RCV-LE/CA/BV-24-...

  • Page 110: Advertise/Scan Mode

    TELEDYNE LECROY to the interfering signals being placed outside the TLF3000 signal generator bandwidth of 2395 MHz to 2485 MHz. When these circumstances arise, the test will only be performed with the interfering signals positioned closer to the band centre.

  • Page 111: Rf Connections

    TELEDYNE LECROY Below the analysis tab is a results table which displays statistics of the test quantities defined in the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification. These results are filtered by the parameters set under the ‘Analysis’ tab in the mode control panel. If no results are displayed this may be because the analysis filter settings are inconsistent with the packets being received.

  • Page 112: Programming The Advertise/Scan Mode

    TELEDYNE LECROY 10.3 Programming the advertise/scan mode 10.3.1 Overview To program the advertise/scan mode, then following parameters need to be set: 1. Whether the Sapphire should be run as an advertiser or scanner 2. The contents of the advertising packets or scan request packets 3.
  • Page 113 TELEDYNE LECROY 1. 0 : the address is public 2. 1 : the address is random The value is set by clicking the green text to toggle the value. 10.3.2.3 RxAdd Controls the setting of bit 7 in the packet header. This indicates the nature of the TargetA field for the ADV_DIRECT_IND advertising packets.

  • Page 114: Programming The Advertising Channels To Use

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 65: AdvData. 10.3.3 Programming the advertising channels to use The Sapphire application is capable of listening on 40 LE channels simultaneously as well as transmitting on all 3 primary advertising channels simultaneously. The capability alleviates the need for Sapphire to cycle round to the correct advertising channel before provoking a response from the DUT.

  • Page 115: Programming The Number Of Packets To Transmit

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 66: Programming the advertising channels to use. 10.3.4 Programming the number of packets to transmit The number of packets to be transmitted can be set by expanding the ‘Number of packets’ menu. If the ‘Continuous transmission’ checkbox is ticked, then test will continue until the ‘Stop’...

  • Page 116: Programming The Transmitter Measurements To Be Performed

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 67: Programming the number of packets to transmit. 10.3.5 Programming the transmitter measurements to be performed Sapphire divides the Bluetooth LE RF phy transmitter test measurements into five groups: 1. Power measurements, which includes: a. P b. Pk - P 2.

  • Page 117: Programming The Packet Transmission Levels

    TELEDYNE LECROY 5. AoA/AoD Each of these groups of measurements can be individually selected under the ‘Collect’ menu of the ‘Collection’ tab. If the ‘waveform’ item is selected, then raw IQ data for the last packet analyzed is also saved. The raw IQ data is 32x oversampled, as per the Bluetooth 5 LE RF Phy Test Specification.
  • Page 118 TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 69: Programming the packet transmission levels. If the user desires to sweep the signal level over a range of values – for example, to determine the sensitivity of the DUT receiver – then tick the ‘Swept’ checkbox.

  • Page 119: Programming The Termination Criterion

    TELEDYNE LECROY If the cursor is placed over the body of the red bar, then a ‘+’ will appear adjacent to the cursor. It is then possible to hold down the left mouse button and drag the entire sweep range up or down the gauge.

  • Page 120: Programming The Test Limits

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 71: Programming the termination criterion. 10.3.8 Programming the test limits The test limits are shown in the results table. The penultimate column of the results table displays the lower limit and the final column the upper limit. They can be altered by changing the values in the spin boxes, either by using the up/down arrows or by entering numeric text directly.

  • Page 121: Controlling Data Analysis And Presentation

    TELEDYNE LECROY The RF frontend attenuation can be set between 0 and 31.5 dB in steps of 0.5 dB. To set the RF attenuation, the ‘Input Power’ gauge on the monitor panel must be examined. This shows both the current input signal level (the position of the needle) and the point at which saturation of the TLF3000 receiver will occur (the red arc).

  • Page 122: Selecting The Measurement Group To Display

    TELEDYNE LECROY 10.4.2 Selecting the measurement group to display Sapphire divides the Bluetooth LE RF phy transmitter test measurements into five groups: 1. Power measurements, which includes: a. P b. Pk - P 2. Modulation characteristics, which includes: a. ΔF1 b.

  • Page 123: Filtering The Displayed Results By Rf Advertising Channel

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 72: Selecting the measurement group to display. 10.4.3 Filtering the displayed results by RF advertising channel The displayed results can be filtered by RF advertising channel number. The RF advertising channels used to filter the results are selected via the ‘Channel’ menu under the ‘Analysis’...

  • Page 124: Filtering The Displayed Results By Signal Transmission Level

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 73: Filtering the displayed results by RF advertising channel. 10.4.4 Filtering the displayed results by signal transmission level The displayed results can be filtered by the transmission level of the advertising or scan request packets. Up to 32 different signal transmission levels may be defined.

  • Page 125: Understanding The Results Table

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 74: Filtering the displayed results by signal transmission level. 10.4.5 Understanding the results table The results table contains a summary of the results obtained from the selected measurement group when filtered by the selected RF advertising channels and signal transmission levels.

  • Page 126: Controlling The Graphical Data

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 75: Results table obtained from the selected measurement group when filtered by the selected RF advertising channels and signal transmission levels. When the selected filters include more than one RF advertising channel or signal transmission level, then the displayed values of minimum, maximum and average are the minimum, maximum and average overall packets which satisfy the selected filtering parameters.
  • Page 127 TELEDYNE LECROY 10.4.6.2 vsRF advertising channel: The quantity to be plotted is shown as a function of the RF advertising channel number. For each RF advertising channel three bars are drawn at channel to indicate: 1. minimum observed value (bottom of pink bar) 2.
  • Page 128 TELEDYNE LECROY 10.4.6.3 vs transmission signal level This option is only available for number of received packets. The number of received packets is shown as a function of the transmission signal level. Figure 77: Results vs transmission level. TLF3000 Sapphire Reference Manual V1.4...
  • Page 129 TELEDYNE LECROY 10.4.6.4 Histogram A histogram of the plotted quantity is displayed. Figure 78: Results as a histogram. 10.4.6.5 vs time This option is not available for in-band emission tests. The measured quantity is shown by the blue lines on the plot. The plot corresponds to the value(s) obtained from the last packet on which the selected quantity was measurable.

  • Page 130: Screen Update Period

    TELEDYNE LECROY Figure 79: Results vs time. 10.4.6.6 vs frequency This option is only available for in-band emission tests. When the vs frequency option is selected for in-band emission tests, additional options become available: 1. Plotting of the in-band emission results for every MHz in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (1 MHz spectrum) 2.

  • Page 131: Saving And Restoring Settings

    TELEDYNE LECROY The slowest update rate is 2 seconds. This gives the user time to assimilate the displayed results and waveform data before the next update. 10.5 Saving and restoring settings The current collection, analysis and limit settings can be saved by clicking the ‘Save’ button on the toolbar.

  • Page 132: Memory Stick Contents

    TELEDYNE LECROY Name Direction Special function Max 500 mA from internal 3.3 V supply. External voltage range 0.8 V to 3.6 V. GPI #6 UART RTS GPI #7 UART Rx GPO#6 UART CTS GPO#7 UART Tx The IO voltage for digital interface can be either from the TLF3000 unit or from the DUT. If the IO voltage is from the TLF3000 unit, then it is fixed at 3.3 V.

  • Page 133: Generating The Moreph30.Rfcapp File

    TELEDYNE LECROY 11.3.1 Generating the Moreph30.rfcapp file The Moreph30.rfcapp file can be generated by clicking the save file toolbar button and selecting file type “Application binary (*.rfcapp)”. Enter the name “Moreph30” and save the file to the top level folder of the memory stick.

  • Page 134: Control

    TELEDYNE LECROY Parity (NONE, EVEN or ODD) 2. DUT role and supported features. The parameters on this line are: a. DUT role (CENTRAL, PERIPHERAL, BROADCASTER or OBSERVER) b. Supports advertising extensions c. Supports data length extensions d. Maximum number of advertising octets e.
  • Page 135 TELEDYNE LECROY 2. Select file type “Application binary (*.rfcapp)” 3. Select a file name and save the Sapphire application 4. Note the number of bytes and CRC for the application from the pop-up dialog box TLF3000 Sapphire Reference Manual V1.4...

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