General Information - Opel 1900 1973 Service Manual

1973 OPEL SERVICE MANUAL
expand and return to the original gaseous state. To
accomplish this transformation it begins to boil.
The boiling action of the refrigerant demands heat.
To satisfy the demand for heat, the air passing over
the core gives up heat to the evaporator and is subse-
quently cooled.
DIAGNOSIS
GENERAL INFORMATION
The following is a brief description of the type of
sympton each refrigerant component will evidence if
a malfunction occurs:
Compressor malfunction will appear in one of four
ways: noise, seizure, leakage, or low discharge pres-
sure.
Resonant compressor noises are not cause for alarm;
however, irregular noise or rattles may indicate
broken parts or excessive clearances due to wear. To
check seizure, de-energize the magnetic clutch and
check to see if drive plate can be rotated. If rotation
is impossible, compressor is seized. Low discharge
pressure may be due to a faulty internal seal of the
compressor, or a restriction in the compressor.
Low discharge pressure may also be due to an insuffi-
cient refrigerant charge or a restriction elsewhere in
the system. These possibilities should be checked
prior to servicing the compressor. If the compressor
is inoperative; but, is not seized, check to see if cur-
rent is being supplied to the magnetic clutch coil
terminals.
C o n d e n s e r
A condenser may malfunction in two ways: it may
leak, or it may be restricted. A condenser restriction
will result in excessive compressor discharge pres-
sure. If a partial restriction is present, sometimes ice
or frost will form immediately after the restriction as
the refrigerant expands after pas?ing through the re-
striction. If air flow through the condenser or radia-
tor is blocked, high discharge pressures will result.
During normal condenser operation, the outlet pipe
will be slightly cooler than the inlet pipe.
R e c e i v e r - D e h y d r a t o r
A receiver-dehydrator may fail due to a restriction
inside body of unit. A restriction at the inlet to the
receiver-dehydrator will cause high head pressures.
Outlet tube restrictions will be indicated by low head
pressures. Outlet tube restrictions will be indicated
by head pressures and little or no cooling. An
excessively cold receiver-dehydrator outlet may be
indicative of a restriction.
Expansion Valve
Expansion valve failures usually will be indicated by
low suction and discharge pressures, and insuff%ient
evaporator cooling. The failure is generally due to
malfunction of the power element and subsequent
closing of the valve. A less common cause of the
above symptom is a clogged inlet screen.
E v a p o r a t o r
When the evaporator malfunctions, the trouble will
show up as inadequate supply of cool air. A partially
plugged core due to dirt or a faulty blower will gener-
ally b e the cause.
Refrigerant Line Restrictions
in the refrigerant lines will be indicated
as follows:
low suction pressure at the compressor, low dis-
charge pressure and little or no cooling.
2. Discharge Line -A restriction in the discharge line
generally will cause the pressure relief valve to open.
3. Liquid Line - A liquid line restriction will be evi-
denced by low discharge and suction pressure, and
insufficient cooling.
Use of Receiver-Dehydrator Sight Glass for
D i a g n o s i s
At temperatures higher than 70 degrees F, the sight
glass may indicate whether the refrigerant charge is
sufficient. A shortage of liquid refrigerant is in-
dicated after about five minutes of compressor oper-
ation by the appearance of slow-moving bubbles
(vapor) or a broken column of refrigerant under the
glass. Continuous bubbles may appear in a properly
charged system on a cool day. This is a normal situa-
tion. If the sight, glass is generally clear and perform-
ance is satisfactory, occasional bubbles do not
indicate refrigerant shortage.
If the sight glass consistently shows foaming or a
broken liquid column, it should be observed after
partially blocking the air to the condenser. If under
this condition the sight glass clears and the perform-
ance is otherwise satisfactory, the charge shall be
considered adequate.