Glossary - Yamaha DSP-Z11 Owner's Manual

Glossary

■ Audio and video synchronization (lip sync)
Lip sync, an abbreviation for lip synchronization, is a technical term that involves both
a problem and a capability of maintaining audio and video signals synchronized during
post-production and transmission. Whereas the audio and video latency requires
complex end-user adjustments, HDMI version 1.3 incorporates an automatic audio and
video syncing capability that allows devices to perform this synchronization
automatically and accurately without user interaction.
■ Bi-amplification connection
A bi-amplification connection uses two amplifiers for a speaker. One amplifier is
connected to the woofer section of a loudspeaker while the other is connected to the
combined mid and tweeter section. With this arrangement each amplifier operates over
a restricted frequency range. This restricted range presents each amplifier with a much
simpler job and each amplifier is less likely to influence the sound in some way. The
internal crossover of the speaker consists of a LPF (low pass filter) and a HPF (high
pass filter). As its name implies, the LPF passes frequencies below a cutoff and rejects
frequencies above the cutoff frequency. Likewise, the HPF passes frequencies above its
cutoff.
■ Component video signal
With the component video signal system, the video signal is separated into the Y signal
for the luminance and the P and P
B
reproduced more faithfully with this system because each of these signals is
independent. The component signal is also called the "color difference signal" because
the luminance signal is subtracted from the color signal. A monitor with component
input jacks is required in order to output component signals.
■ Composite video signal
With the composite video signal system, the video signal is composed of three basic
elements of a video picture: color, brightness and synchronization data. A composite
video jack on a video component transmits these three elements combined.
■ Deep Color
Deep Color refers to the use of various color depths in displays, up from the 24-bit
depths in previous versions of the HDMI specification. This extra bit depth allows
HDTVs and other displays go from millions of colors to billions of colors and eliminate
on-screen color banding for smooth tonal transitions and subtle gradations between
colors. The increased contrast ratio can represent many times more shades of gray
between black and white. Also Deep Color increases the number of available colors
within the boundaries defined by the RGB or YCbCr color space.
■ Dolby Digital
Dolby Digital is a digital surround sound system that gives you completely independent
multi-channel audio. With 3 front channels (front L/R and center), and 2 surround
stereo channels, Dolby Digital provides 5 full-range audio channels. With an additional
channel especially for bass effects, called LFE (Low Frequency Effect), the system has
a total of 5.1-channels (LFE is counted as 0.1 channel). By using 2-channel stereo for
the surround speakers, more accurate moving sound effects and surround sound
environment are possible than with Dolby Surround. The wide dynamic range from
maximum to minimum volume reproduced by the 5 full-range channels and the precise
sound orientation generated using digital sound processing provide listeners with
unprecedented excitement and realism. With this unit, any sound environment from
monaural up to a 5.1-channel configuration can be freely selected for your enjoyment.
■ Dolby Digital EX
Dolby Digital EX creates 6 full-bandwidth output channels from 5.1-channel sources.
This is done using a matrix decoder that derives 3 surround channels from the 2 in the
original recording. For the best results, Dolby Digital EX should be used with movie
sound tracks recorded with Dolby Digital Surround EX. With this additional channel,
you can experience more dynamic and realistic moving sound especially with scenes
with "fly-over" and "fly-around" effects.
■ Dolby Digital Plus
Dolby Digital Plus is an advanced audio technology developed for high-definition
programming and media including HD broadcasts, HD DVD, and Blu-ray Disc.
Selected as a mandatory audio standard for HD DVD and as an optional audio standard
for Blu-ray Disc, this technology delivers multichannel sound with discrete channel
output. Supporting bitrates up to 6.0 Mbps, Dolby Digital Plus can carry up to 7.1
discreet audio channels simultaneously. Supported by HDMI version 1.3 and designed
for the optical disc players and AV receivers/amplifiers of the future, Dolby Digital Plus
also remains fully compatible with the existing multichannel audio systems that
incorporate Dolby Digital.
■ Dolby Pro Logic II
Dolby Pro Logic II is an improved technique used to decode vast numbers of existing
Dolby Surround sources. This new technology enables a discrete 5-channel playback
with 2 front left and right channels, 1 center channel, and 2 surround left and right
channels instead of only 1 surround channel for conventional Pro Logic technology.
There are three modes available: "Music mode" for music sources, "Movie mode" for
movie sources and "Game mode" for game sources.
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signals for the chrominance. Color can be
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Glossary

■ Dolby Pro Logic IIx
Dolby Pro Logic IIx is a new technology enabling discrete multi-channel playback
from 2-channel or multi-channel sources. There are three modes available: "Music
mode" for music sources, "Movie mode" for movie sources (for 2-channel sources
only) and "Game mode" for game sources.
■ Dolby Surround
Dolby Surround uses a 4-channel analog recording system to reproduce realistic and
dynamic sound effects: 2 front left and right channels (stereo), a center channel for
dialog (monaural), and a surround channel for special sound effects (monaural). The
surround channel reproduces sound within a narrow frequency range. Dolby Surround
is widely used with nearly all video tapes and laser discs, and in many TV and cable
broadcasts as well. The Dolby Pro Logic decoder built into this unit employs a digital
signal processing system that automatically stabilizes the volume on each channel to
enhance moving sound effects and directionality.
■ Dolby TrueHD
Dolby TrueHD is an advanced lossless audio technology developed for high-definition
disc-based media including HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Selected as a mandatory audio
standard for HD DVD and as an optional audio standard for Blu-ray Disc, this
technology delivers sound that is bit-for-bit identical to the studio master, offering a
high-definition home theater experience. Supporting bitrates up to 18.0 Mbps, Dolby
TrueHD can carry up to 8 discrete channels of 24-bit/96 kHz audio simultaneously.
Supported by HDMI version 1.3 and designed for the optical disc players and AV
receivers/amplifiers of the future, Dolby TrueHD also remains fully compatible with
the existing multichannel audio systems and retains the metadata capability of Dolby
Digital, allowing dialog normalization and dynamic range control.
■ DSD
Direct Stream Digital (DSD) technology stores audio signals on digital storage media,
such as Super Audio CDs. Using DSD, signals are stored as single bit values at a high-
frequency sampling rate of 2.8224 MHz, while noise shaping and oversampling are
used to reduce distortion, a common occurrence with very high quantization of audio
signals. Due to the high sampling rate, better audio quality can be achieved than that
offered by the PCM format used for normal audio CDs.
■ DTS 96/24
DTS 96/24 offers an unprecedented level of audio quality for multi-channel sound on
DVD video, and is fully backward-compatible with all DTS decoders. "96" refers to a
96 kHz sampling rate compared to the typical 48 kHz sampling rate. "24" refers to 24-
bit word length.
DTS 96/24 offers sound quality transparent to the original 96/24 master, and 96/24 5.1-
channel sound with full-quality full-motion video for music programs and motion
picture soundtracks on DVD video.
■ DTS Digital Surround
DTS digital surround was developed to replace the analog soundtracks of movies with a
6.1-channel digital sound track, and is now rapidly gaining popularity in movie theaters
around the world. DTS, Inc. has developed a home theater system so that you can enjoy
the depth of sound and natural spatial representation of DTS digital surround in your
home. This system produces practically distortion-free 6-channel sound (technically,
front left and right, center, surround left and right, and LFE 0.1 (subwoofer) channels
for a total of 5.1 channels). This unit incorporates a DTS-ES decoder that enables 6.1-
channel reproduction by adding the surround back channel to the existing 5.1-channel
format.
■ DTS Express
DTS Express is an advanced audio technology for the optional feature on Blu-ray Disc
or HD DVD, which offers high-quality, low bit rate audio optimized for network
streaming, and Internet applications. DTS Express is used for the Secondary Audio
feature of Blu-ray Disc or the Sub Audio feature of HD DVD. These features deliver
audio commentaries (for example, the additional commentaries made by the director of
a film) on demand by the users via the Internet, etc. DTS Express signals are mixed
down with the main audio stream on the player component, and the component sends
the mixed audio stream to the AV receivers/amplifiers via digital coaxial, digital
optical, or analog connections.
■ DTS-HD Master Audio
DTS-HD Master Audio is an advanced lossless audio technology developed for high-
definition disc-based media including HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Selected as a
mandatory audio standard for both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc, this technology delivers
sound that is bit-for-bit identical to the studio master, offering a high-definition home
theater experience. Supporting bitrates up to 18.0 Mbps for HD DVD and up to 24.5
Mbps for Blu-ray Disc, DTS-HD Master Audio can carry up to 7.1 discrete channels of
24-bit/96 kHz audio simultaneously. Supported by HDMI version 1.3 and designed for
the optical disc players and AV receivers/amplifiers of the future, DTS-HD Master
Audio also remains fully compatible with the existing multichannel audio systems that
incorporate DTS Digital Surround.