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PREFACE
What to Do First
Congratulations! You are about to learn about your Macintosh computer -- a
powerful tool for work and fun. This book is a comprehensive guide to your
Macintosh. In it you will find all the information you need to
- set up your Macintosh
- learn basic Macintosh skills and concepts
- answer the questions you might have as you use your computer
To get started, read through this preface to find out what this book contains
and how you should proceed.
The parts of this book
This book is divided into three major parts -- Setting Up, Learning, and
Reference -- followed by a glossary and an index. Tabs marked on the cover of
the book and throughout the book make each section easy to find.
Setting Up
Part I, "Setting Up Your Computer," takes you through the steps you take to
get your computer ready to use. Setting up the Macintosh LC is a very
straightforward task, so Part I is just a few pages.
Learning
Part II, "Learning to Use Your Macintosh LC," provides the training new
Macintosh users need to get started with their computers. This part of the
book starts off with instructions on how to use the disk Macintosh Basics
(guided training to get you started using your computer). Part II continues
with a set of chapters that reinforce what you learn from the Macintosh
Basics disk and provide further instruction and practice in using your
Macintosh.
Reference
Part III, "Using Your Macintosh: Reference," provides information intended to
help you when questions arise as you use your computer. You can also browse
this part of the book if you want to learn more after you finish the training
provided in Part II.
Glossary
If you run into a term that you don't understand, or if you're curious about
Macintosh terminology, turn to the glossary near the back of the book. The
glossary is a small dictionary of Macintosh terms.
Index
The back of the book contains an index that lists all the terms, tasks, and
topics covered in this book. The index is the most powerful part of this
book. Anytime you need to find information about your Macintosh, turn to the
index first to see a listing of the pages that might help you. Using the

   Summary of Contents for Apple Macintosh LC

  • Page 1

    PREFACE What to Do First Congratulations! You are about to learn about your Macintosh computer -- a powerful tool for work and fun. This book is a comprehensive guide to your Macintosh. In it you will find all the information you need to - set up your Macintosh - learn basic Macintosh skills and concepts - answer the questions you might have as you use your computer...

  • Page 2

    index can save you time by directing you to the exact information you need. The features of this book This guide is designed with features that make finding and using the information you need quick and easy. Tabs If you look at the outside margin for each page you will see a tab marking the section of the book you are looking at.

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    Macintosh LC. Some expansion cards are designed so that you can install them yourself. Others can be installed only by an authorized Apple representative. Check the documentation that comes with your card to see if you can install it...

  • Page 4

    Macintosh LC without first checking the documentation for that card. If the documentation specifies that an authorized Apple representative must install the card (usually because the installation requires moving the main logic board), be sure to have your Apple dealer or service representative do the installation.

  • Page 5

    1.With the keyboard facing you, plug the mouse cable into the port on the right side of the keyboard. The plug and the port are both marked with an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) icon. Align the icons before you insert the plug. (The positions of the ADB port and ADB icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.)

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    2.Turn on the monitor by pressing its on/off switch. If you have an Apple monitor, the switch is on the back of the monitor and is marked with this icon: 3.Switch on the computer by pressing the on/off switch on the back.

  • Page 7

    Adjusting the Screen Contrast If the screen appears too dark, adjust its brightness and contrast controls. On Apple monitors, the controls are on the side of the monitor and are marked with these icons: If you have questions about these or other monitor controls, see the manual that came with your monitor.

  • Page 8

    If you purchased your Macintosh with an internal hard disk that is not made by Apple Computer, you may need to prepare that hard disk for use before you continue with learning about your Macintosh. (Apple prepares its hard disks before they leave the factory.) If you have a non-Apple hard disk (contact...

  • Page 9

    Finder. Don't worry if your desktop doesn't look exactly like the one shown. If you see an Apple in the upper-left corner and a trash can in the lower-right corner, you're on track. Practicing Mouse Techniques...

  • Page 10

    Practice pointing to the System Startup disk icon, the Trash icon, and the Apple icon in the menu bar. You need to be able to point before you can perform other mouse actions.

  • Page 11

    your screen. As you may remember from the Macintosh Basics tour, you close a window by moving the mouse so that the tip of the pointer is in the box at the upper- left corner of the window and then clicking the mouse button once. Do this for all open windows.

  • Page 12

    Commands Commands are instructions to the computer to do something for you. After you selected the System Startup icon, the computer was ready for you to tell it what to do with that icon. Choosing the Open command told the computer to open that icon into a window.

  • Page 13

    The icon opens into the System Startup window. This technique (clicking an icon twice quickly) is called double-clicking. It is a shortcut for opening an icon. If double-clicking didn't work the first time, try it again. Double-clicking can take a little getting used to. If you want more practice double-clicking, click the close box in the System Startup disk window and double-click the System Startup disk icon again.

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    The title bar is the striped strip along the top of the window that includes the window's title (System Startup). Press and hold the mouse button as you move the mouse around. Notice that as you drag the mouse, a dotted outline of the window follows the pointer.

  • Page 15

    other windows. Sometimes when you think you've lost a window, it has simply moved behind a larger window that hides it from view. Changing the size of a window You may want to make a window as large as the screen so you can work in it easily, or as small as a matchbox so you can get it out of the way.

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    Scroll bars are the controls that allow you to change the view in your windows. With scroll bars you scroll the contents of your window so that you can see a different part of your directory, your document, or whatever happens to be in the window you're looking at.

  • Page 17

    Shutting down the computer is a little more complicated than simply flipping the on/off switch. Before you flip the switch you need to tell the computer to prepare to be shut off; the computer needs to do some house-cleaning chores to prepare to start up next time. Follow these steps to learn the proper way to shut down the computer: Choose the Shut Down command from the Special menu.

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    Click Point to an object with the mouse Press and release the mouse button. Press 1. Point to an object. Hold down the mouse button. Drag Point to the item you want to drag. Press and hold the mouse button as you move the mouse.

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    Since you haven't inserted a floppy disk, the smiling Macintosh icon means that the computer is reading the startup information from a hard disk. Apple prepares the hard disks it puts in computers at the factory so that they are startup disks.

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    If you saw a question mark If you saw the blinking question mark when you started up your computer, it means that your computer looked for a startup disk, and did not find one. That is because you did not insert one in the disk drive, and you do not have a hard disk in your computer.

  • Page 21

    Creating a New Document In this exercise you will learn by working with TeachText, an application Apple provides with Macintosh computers. But the things that you learn will help you to use any application program on the Macintosh. Opening an application program...

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    Notice that this TeachText document window has the name Untitled in its title bar. Notice also that it has the same controls (such as the boxes for changing the sizes of windows) you saw in directory windows in Chapter 3. Differences among menus Notice that TeachText (like all programs) has its own set of menus.

  • Page 23

    of the ad. There's your first document. Saving Your Document So far in this chapter you have started up your computer, opened the TeachText application program, and typed a brief letter onto the blank TeachText document that appeared. Now you will learn to save your document on a disk.

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    5.If it is not already open, open the System Startup disk icon. You see the System Startup window on your desktop. Notice that there is now an icon for your new letter in the System Startup window. If you don't see it in the window, you might have to scroll, using the vertical or horizontal scroll bar, to find it.

  • Page 25

    1.Locate the I-beam on your screen. If you don't see it immediately, move the mouse. Notice that the I-beam follows the mouse movements just like the pointer does when you're working on the desktop. 2.Position the I-beam just before the letter b in the word backpack in the first sentence.

  • Page 26

    Here's how: - Position the I-beam just to the left of the P in the word Please. - Press and hold down the mouse button. You've now anchored yourself at the beginning of the text you want to select. - Without releasing the mouse button, drag the mouse sideways and down until the entire paragraph is highlighted.

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    Notice that you have a mistake in the ad (the words Call and Please both begin with uppercase letters). 5.Position the insertion point after the letter C in Call. 6.Press the Delete key once. The letter C is erased. 7.Type a lowercase letter c. Your edited letter is finished.

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    Two clues can help you figure out where you are: -There are no icons in sight. If you were back in the Finder, you'd see icons representing your disks and the Trash, as well as any windows that were open when you began working.

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    The sentence disappears. Close the document by choosing Close from the File menu. A dialog box appears reminding you to save your document. Don't do it! The point of this experiment is to see what happens if you do not save your changes.

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    its original state by closing the document without first choosing the Save command. Doing so simply closes the document, and any changes you've made since the last time you saved the document will be undone. Quitting an Application Program Now you've practiced opening and closing documents, and you've seen the importance of saving your work.

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    Or double-click the icon. Create a new document Open the icon for the application program you want to use to create the document. Use the tools and menu commands available in the application program to create your document. Choose the Save command from the File menu to save and name your document.

  • Page 32

    where you want to insert your text. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. Close a document Choose Save from the File menu if you want to save changes you made to your document. Choose Close from the File menu. Quit an application Choose Save from the File menu to save changes you made to an open document.

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    (high-density) disks. 800K and 1.4 MB floppy disks are physically the same size, and the differences between them are subtle. The following figure shows how you can tell them apart. Look at the floppy disks that came with your computer. By comparing them with the illustration, you should be able to tell what their capacities are.

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    !! Important: If the only disks you have are the ones that came in the box with your computer, skip to the next chapter for now. You can come back to this chapter when you have a floppy disk to prepare for use. Insert the floppy disk into an empty disk drive.

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    A disk name can have up to 27 characters, though it can't contain a colon (:). You can use the Delete key to erase one or more characters if you make a typing mistake. It's a good idea to give each of your floppy disks a name that will help you identify its contents, and to write that name on the disk label.

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    last message disappears, the process is finished. The disk icon appears on the desktop with its old name. If you like, you can change the name by clicking the disk icon (to select it) and typing a new name. From now on when you insert this disk into a disk drive, you will see its icon on the desktop.

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    either of these features, it is a 1.4 MB disk. Otherwise, it is an 800K disk. Insert a floppy disk Hold the disk with the label into a disk drive facing up. Insert the end of the disk with the metal shutter on it into the disk drive.

  • Page 38

    When you duplicate a document, you don't have to open either the original document or the program you used to create it. You can duplicate a document right from the Finder desktop following the familiar two-step process you use to do most operations on the Macintosh: first select an object, then choose a command.

  • Page 39

    Type the word Wednesday's. The text you type replaces the selected text. Your letter now looks something like this: Please place this ad in Wednesday's paper. I have included a check for the cost of the ad. For Sale. One new backpack, and other assorted camping equipment. Price negotiable.

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    Follow these steps to practice creating different versions of your Wednesday Ad using the TeachText application program. Open the Wednesday Ad document. TeachText is already open so you can choose Open from the File menu, click the name of the document, and click the Open button. Make the following changes to the Wednesday Ad using the editing techniques you learned in Chapter 4: - Replace the word Wednesday's with Friday's.

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    Choose Quit from the File menu. Quitting takes you back to the Finder desktop, where you see icons for all three documents: - the original Camping Ad - the Wednesday Ad you made by duplicating the Camping Ad - the Friday Ad you made by saving changes to the Wednesday Ad as a new document with a new name Copying items onto a floppy disk So far you have practiced two methods of making copies of documents on a...

  • Page 42

    If it is not open, open it now. If your computer has only one floppy disk drive (one slot to insert disks), eject the System Startup disk. If you have two floppy disk drives, skip to step 3. Here's how to eject a disk: - If it is not already selected, click the System Startup disk icon to select - Choose Eject from the File menu - When the disk pops out of the drive remove it from the computer.

  • Page 43

    repeat this step for each icon you wanted to copy. If you open the floppy disk icon now, the Camping Ad appears in its directory window. Try it and see; then close the floppy disk window by clicking its close box. Copying items onto a hard disk This section provides practice copying items onto a hard disk.

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    When you are finished, the desktop should look something like this: Now you will copy the Camping Ad and the Wednesday Ad from the System Startup disk to the hard disk. In order to copy both of the documents at the same time, you will select both of the icons and drag them both to the hard disk at the same time.

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    and the HD SC Setup program (a program that prepares new hard disks for use) from your System Startup disk to your hard disk. First click in the System Startup window to bring it to the front. Now select the HD SC Setup and the Disk First Aid icons. Shift-click the icons to select them.

  • Page 46

    CHAPTER 7-ORGANIZING YOUR DESKTOP In previous chapters you have learned about icons -- how to open and close them, move them around, and copy them. In this chapter you will learn some more-advanced techniques for organizing icons on your desktop and in directory windows.

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    With the combination of letters and programs and folders in this window, things have begun to look a little cluttered, like a file drawer that has things thrown into it randomly. To help remedy this situation you can make a folder to store your letters.

  • Page 48

    Just as they would be in a file cabinet, the letters in folders are visible only after you open the folders. If you wanted to, you could plan for the future (when you envision having dozens of letters written) by organizing the documents inside the Letters folder into two more folders, sent and unsent letters, for example.

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    Click its close box or choose Close from the File menu. Remember that when you close the TeachText document you are not quitting the TeachText application. You still have the TeachText menus available to use. Now you're ready to open your Friday Ad. The following diagram maps the locations of the folders and documents on the System Startup disk.

  • Page 50

    This is like opening a file drawer and seeing all the folders in the drawer. Before you can see what's inside those folders, you must open them. That's what you did when you opened the Letters folder and the Unsent Letters folder.

  • Page 51

    The contents of the Sent Letters folder appear in the list. Click Wednesday Ad, and then click the Open button. Your Wednesday Ad appears on the screen. What's Going on Here? Moving up in the hierarchy You saw earlier that you can move down in the organization of your folders by clicking a folder's name and clicking the Open button.

  • Page 52

    Drag the Camping Ad icon to the Trash icon. - Place the pointer on the Camping Ad icon. - Press and hold the mouse button as you move the pointer to the Trash icon. As you move the mouse an outline of the icon follows the pointer. When the tip of the pointer is on the Trash icon, it becomes highlighted.

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    You have retrieved the Friday Ad from the Trash and returned it to the Unsent Letters folder. Close the Trash window by clicking its close box. What's Going on Here? In the last exercises you practiced a few important skills: discarding items you no longer need, emptying the Trash, and retrieving items from the Trash.

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    To do this: Follow these steps: Create a new folder Choose New Folder from the File menu. Type a name for the folder. Press the Return key. Open a folder in the Click the name of the folder Click the Open button. Open a higher-level Choose the name of the folder folder in the directory...

  • Page 55

    You provide this information in a window called the Chooser. First make sure that your computer and the printer are both turned on. Then - Select the Chooser from the Apple menu. The way the Chooser window looks depends on whether your printer is connected directly to your computer or over a network.

  • Page 56

    bar. If your network has zones, select your zone name. Zone names appear in alphanumeric order (numbers first, then alphabetical order). You may need to use the scroll bar at the right to see the name of your zone. Select the name of the printer you want to use. When you select a printer type (and a zone, if appropriate), the names of printers to which you have access appear in a box in the upper-right corner of the window.

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    4. Click the AppleTalk Inactive button. 5. Close the Chooser window. Tell the computer 1. Select Chooser from the Apple menu.(for a network printer) 2. Click the AppleTalk Active button. 3. Click the icon that represents your printer. 4. Click your zone name in the AppleTalk Zone list.

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    want to use. 6. Close the Chooser window. Print a document 1. Open the document. Choose Print from the File menu. Click the OK button in the Print dialog box. CHAPTER 9 BASICS QUICK REFERENCE This chapter provides a quick review of all of the basic skills taught in Part II of this book.

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    Shut off the computer Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. Press the bottom of the on/off switch. Mouse skills To do this: Follow these steps: Point Move the mouse so that the very tip of the arrow pointer is on the object you want to point to. Click Point to an object with the mouse.

  • Page 60

    upper-right corner). See items that are Use one or more of these techniques: out of a window's view Press the scroll arrow that points in the direction you want to see. Click in the gray bar to scroll by the windowful.

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    (or press the Delete key). Move a block of text Select the text you want to move. Choose Cut from the Edit menu. Click to set the insertion point where you want to insert your text. Choose Paste from the Edit menu. Insert a copy of a Select the text you want to copy.

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    Selecting, moving, and copying To do this: Follow these steps: Select a group of icons Shift-click the icons (hold down the Shift key while you click each icon you want to select). Move an icon on a disk Drag the item to the location you want. Duplicate a document Click the document's icon.

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    Printing To do this: Follow these steps: Tell the computer Select Chooser from the Apple menu. which printer to use Click the icon that represents your printer. (for a printer Click the icon that represents the port connected directly to your printer is connected to.

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    - a "visual" filing system that lets you see at a glance how your work is organized - the ability to display disk or folder contents as icons, or as lists arranged by name, date, size, or type of file - a powerful desk accessory, Find File, to locate items by name or partial name - simple, versatile methods for naming and renaming disks, files, and folders...

  • Page 65

    Copying a file or folder on the same disk When you copy a file or folder onto another disk, the file or folder exists in both the original location (on the original disk) and the new location (on the new disk). You can make a copy of a file or folder on the same disk by using the Duplicate command.

  • Page 66

    Creating and naming folders You use the New Folder command to create a new folder. You must be working on the desktop -- not in a program -- to create a new folder. Choose New Folder from the File menu. A new folder named Empty Folder appears in the active window;...

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    You can use the Find File desk accessory to locate a file or folder anywhere on a disk. Like other desk accessories, Find File resides in the Apple menu and is available whether you are working on the desktop or in a program.

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    command in the File menu. See also: • "Putting Away Items on the Desktop" in this chapter File and folder housekeeping Like any filing system, the Macintosh system of folders is most efficient if you keep it well organized. This section describes how to put away items you have moved to the desktop, how to clean up the icons in a window or on the desktop, and how to discard files and folders you no longer need.

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    WARNING: The Trash is emptied automatically when you shut down or switch off the computer, when you start a program, or when you eject a floppy disk from which you discarded any items. Drag the item you want to discard to the Trash icon. The pointer and an outline of the icon move as you drag;...

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    • "Protecting Information on a Disk" in Chapter 13 Getting information about a program You use the About command in the Apple menu to get information about the program currently in use. When you are working with the Finder desktop, the About command provides information about the Finder.

  • Page 71

    program, you can either start the program and then open the document, or simply open the document's icon on the desktop, which automatically starts the program. (The program must be on your hard disk or on a disk in one of your floppy disk drives.) See also: •...

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    See also: • "Opening an Existing Document While Working on the Desktop" later in this chapter • "Knowing Where You Are on the Macintosh" later in this chapter Creating a new document in a program You create a new document while working in a program by choosing the New command, a one-step procedure.

  • Page 73

    document in the directory dialog box to open it. Opening an existing document while working on the desktop If you are using the desktop rather than working in a program, you can open a document and start the program at the same time. (Some programs do not permit this when the program is already open and you are using the MultiFinder option.

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    Your selection is copied and stored in the part of the computer's memory called the Clipboard. It remains there until you copy or cut another item, or until you switch off or restart the computer. Shortcut for copying: You can also use the keyboard shortcut x-C to copy selected items.

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    Click at the exact spot where you want the item to appear in the document just opened. A blinking insertion point appears at the spot where you clicked. Choose Paste from the Edit menu (or press x-V). The item you copied appears at the insertion point. You can paste the copied item as many times as you wish.

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    The command is black if available; it is dimmed and sometimes reads "Can't undo" if it cannot be used to reverse your most recent action. If Undo is available, choose it from the Edit menu. The Undo command reverses your previous action. In some programs, choosing Undo a second time restores that action.

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    you can drag across the part of the name to be corrected and then retype. Click the Save button. The program saves the document, and the dialog box disappears. The name of the document now appears in the window's title bar. In some programs the pointer becomes a wristwatch while the document is being saved.

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    Click the Save button to save the document under its new name. The document is saved and the dialog box disappears. The new document's name appears in the window's title bar. Return key shortcut: You can press Return instead of clicking the Save button.

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    • "Using Folders to Organize Your Work" in Chapter 10 Saving a copy of a document on a different disk You can easily save a revised version of a document -- or just a duplicate copy -- on a different disk. Choose Save As from the program's File menu.

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    Choose Copy from the program's Edit menu. The selection is copied onto the Clipboard in the computer's memory. Choose Scrapbook from the Apple menu. The Scrapbook desk accessory appears, displaying the first item in it. (Several sample items are supplied for you.) Choose Paste from the Edit menu.

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    Trash icon, and the directory window are visible in the following figure even though the application program is active. You can check in the Apple menu to see a list of all open programs. See also: • "Managing Multiple Programs Using MultiFinder" later in this...

  • Page 82

    If the programs you use require more memory in order to run simultaneously under MultiFinder, you may want to have additional memory added to your Macintosh. Consult your authorized Apple dealer to have the RAM in your computer expanded. See also: •...

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    Other ways to switch programs: You can also change programs by clicking in a document window or by choosing the name of an active program from the Apple menu. Starting a new program when using MultiFinder When MultiFinder is in effect, you can start a program that is not currently open by opening it from the desktop.

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    The About window appears, displaying details about the Finder. Click the close box to close the About window. Consult your authorized Apple dealer if you want to expand the RAM in your Macintosh. Checking the RAM available for programs in MultiFinder...

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    You set the RAM cache in the General section of the Control Panel. Choose Control Panel from the Apple menu while on the desktop. The General section of the Control Panel appears.

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    Backing up your work If you do not routinely make backup copies of your work as you go along, be sure to copy any important documents you have revised during the session. The safest backup practice is to copy your work onto a disk other than the one on which the original documents are stored.

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    If you do not find such a file, you need to install a printer driver for your printer. If you have a non-Apple printer, consult its documentation to determine what printer driver you need.

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    ImageWriter or other printer that is connected directly to your Macintosh (not using network cables), you follow the steps above, except that you don't select the name of a printer. Instead, you select the type of printer and then specify which of the computer's two sockets, called ports, the printer will use.

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    Printing your work Printing while using an application program is probably the most common method, but the Macintosh also lets you print one or more documents while working on the desktop. Whether you initiate printing from within an application or while working on the desktop (both methods are explained here), you use the Print dialog box to specify printing options.

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    main level of the disk directory. If you are not using MultiFinder, the documents must all be created by the same program. Choose Print from the File menu. The program starts automatically and the Print dialog box appears. If the Print dialog box doesn't appear, print from within the program in which the document was created.

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    - set printing time (date, hour) or postpone a job indefinitely - monitor paper supply (PrintMonitor's icon -- depicting a printer -- blinks over the Apple logo at the left of the menu bar when the printer is out of paper)

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    Follow these steps to use PrintMonitor: With background printing activated, print one or more documents as usual. While printing is under way, choose PrintMonitor from the Apple menu. The PrintMonitor window appears. Select the option you want, then click the close box.

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    To find out which, continue with step 3. If you do not see a hard disk icon, locate and open the Apple HD SC Setup program. Apple HD SC Setup is located on the System Startup disk.

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    But if you purchased an external hard disk, or you purchased your Macintosh with an internal hard disk not made by Apple, your hard disk may need preparation. Before you begin that preparation, you'll need to check the status of the hard disk to see what steps are necessary.

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    Insert the System Startup disk and then switch on the computer. Open the System Startup icon by double-clicking it. Start Apple HD SC Setup by double-clicking its icon. The program's main dialog box appears. If you don't see the message telling you the drive is uninitialized at the bottom of the screen, click the Drive button to select the hard disk you want to initialize.

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    - an initialized hard disk IMPORTANT: Apple recommends one of two minimum hardware configurations for installation and use of System 6.0 or any later version of the Macintosh system software: (1) a hard disk and one floppy disk drive; or (2) two floppy disk drives.

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    swap disks. Whenever the computer prompts you, insert the System Additions disk. When the computer needs information from the System Additions disk, it ejects the System Startup disk and displays a message asking you to insert the other disk. If you want to cancel the installation, click the Stop button. When you see a message reporting that the installation was successful, click Quit.

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    You partition a hard disk -- that is, divide its storage area into two or more separate sections -- so that the disk can be used by different types of computers, such as the Macintosh and the Apple IIgs. The instructions that follow provide a summary of the partitioning process;...

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    click the Drive button to select the hard disk you want to initialize. The selected disk's SCSI device number is displayed above the Drive button (the device number for internal hard disks is always 0). The disk's name, or (if the disk is uninitialized) a message telling you the drive is uninitialized, is shown in the message area at the bottom of the dialog box.

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    Preparing and using floppy disks The type of floppy disk used with the Macintosh consists of a hard plastic case 3.5 inches wide that houses a flexible plastic disk (the source of the name "floppy"). A metal shutter at one end of the case slides to one side when the disk is in the drive, exposing the flexible plastic on which information is stored.

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    Ejecting a disk while using the Finder desktop There are two ways to eject a floppy disk while using the Finder desktop: one that you can use when you are through using a disk and you want to remove its icon from the desktop, and one that you can use when you want to continue using a disk, but you need to get it out of the drive to make room for another disk.

  • Page 102

    Preparing a floppy disk for use Before you can use a new, blank disk in your Macintosh, you'll need to prepare it for use. Preparing a floppy disk for use usually involves only one step: initializing the disk so that the Macintosh can read and write information on the disk.

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    IMPORTANT: For installation and use of System 6.0 or any later version of the Macintosh system software, Apple recommends that you use either a hard disk and one floppy disk drive, or two floppy disk drives. (It is possible to install the system software on a Macintosh with one floppy disk drive, but the process can be very time-consuming.)

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    Switch on the computer. Insert an initialized floppy disk in an external floppy drive. If you have only one floppy drive and no hard drive, you'll have to eject the System Startup disk and insert an initialized disk after starting the Installer.

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    See also: • "Initializing a Floppy Disk" earlier in this chapter • "Initializing a Hard Disk" earlier in this chapter • "Creating a Customized Startup Disk" later in this chapter • Chapter 14, "Adding and Removing Fonts and Desk Accessories" Creating additional startup floppy disks Once you have installed system software on one floppy disk, you can simply copy its System Folder to one or more initialized floppy disks to make...

  • Page 106

    Depending on the devices connected to your Macintosh, and on how much room you need on your startup disk, you should consider removing these items: - drivers for devices you don't use (such as ImageWriter, AppleTalk ImageWriter, LaserWriter, and Laser Prep) - networking drivers (such as AppleShare), if you are not on a network - extra desk accessories (you will definitely need the Control Panel, but you may not need the Alarm Clock, the Calculator, the Chooser, Find File, Key...

  • Page 107

    When you begin typing, the pointer and the old name disappear. The insertion point blinks at the end of the text you type. Click anywhere outside the disk icon. When you click, the insertion point disappears and the icon is deselected. See also: •...

  • Page 108

    Updating to a new version of system software If you have been using an older version of the system software, you can update your system to a newer version by installing the newer software. Doing so replaces old system files, drivers, and other resources with new versions, but it does not disturb any customized features (such as fonts and desk accessories) you may have added.

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    name. Click Customize. The custom installation screen appears, with a list of all drivers provided with the system software and (further down in the list) a choice of standard or minimal system files for your Macintosh. Scroll through the list of items and Shift-click the ones you want to install.

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    Follow these steps to assign a particular hard disk as the startup device: Choose the Control Panel desk accessory from the Apple menu. The General section of the Control Panel appears. Scroll if you don't see the Startup Device icon, then select it, in the left area of the Control Panel.

  • Page 111

    Any desk accessory is available from the Apple menu whether you are working on the desktop or in a program. In addition, you can store extra fonts or desk accessories in separate files -- called fonts files and desk accessories files -- which are represented by a suitcase icon.

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    Start up with the disk on which you want to install a font or desk accessory. Insert the System Additions disk (or another disk that contains the Font/DA Mover and a fonts or desk accessories file). The illustration on the next page shows the icons of the Font/DA mover, a fonts file, and a desk accessories file.

  • Page 113

    If you select more than one font from the list (by Shift-clicking), the combined amount of disk space occupied by your selections is displayed, but no sample appears in the message area. Click the Copy button to add the selected fonts or desk accessories to your System file.

  • Page 114

    If you want to remove desk accessories, click the Desk Accessory button at the top of the dialog box. Skip this step if you want to remove fonts. The box on the left shows a list of the desk accessories currently installed in the System file on the startup disk.

  • Page 115

    A directory dialog box appears. Click the New button in the directory dialog box to create a new file. Another directory dialog box appears, with a blinking insertion point where you name the new file. Type a name for the new file in the second directory dialog box. Click Create in the second directory dialog box to create the new file.

  • Page 116

    Follow these steps to adjust mouse tracking: Choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed. Scroll through the area on the left if necessary to locate the Mouse icon, then click it to display the Mouse section.

  • Page 117

    You can adjust the rate of repetition by using the following procedure. Setting the keys' repeat rate Choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed. Scroll through the area on the left to locate the Keyboard icon, then click it to display the Keyboard section.

  • Page 118

    You can choose one of eight volume settings for the built-in speaker of the Macintosh LC. Choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed. Scroll through the area on the left if necessary to locate the Sound icon, then click it to display the Sound section.

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    In addition, there are application programs that let you record, edit, and play back sounds with your Macintosh LC. See your Apple dealer for more information on programs that take advantage of the sound capabilities of your computer.

  • Page 120

    You can specify a standard 12-hour clock (showing a.m. and p.m. with the time) or a 24-hour clock when you set the time. Choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed. The pointer (8) changes to a crosshair (5) when you place it in the Time area.

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    Changing the date You change the date in much the same way that you change the time. Choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed. The pointer (8) changes to a crosshair (5) when you place it in the Date area.

  • Page 122

    When the system clock reaches the time set for the alarm, the alert sound plays once (or, if the speaker volume is set to zero, the menu bar flashes) and an alarm clock icon blinks alternately with the Apple logo at the left side of the menu bar.

  • Page 123

    You can choose from a variety of patterns provided for the Macintosh desktop, or you can create your own design by editing one of the patterns supplied. Choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed. The pointer (8) changes to a crosshair (5) when you place it in the Desktop Pattern area.

  • Page 124

    You'll need to specify this when you first set up two monitors and when you want to change which monitor is the main one. To specify monitor positions, first choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed.

  • Page 125

    If the smaller one is the main monitor, some programs will restrict the window size to the size of the smaller monitor. To designate a main monitor, first choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed.

  • Page 126

    Macintosh. To specify the number of colors or shades of gray to be displayed on a monitor, first choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed.

  • Page 127

    To change the highlight color, there must be four or more colors or shades of gray selected in the Monitors Control Panel. To change the highlight color, first choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed.

  • Page 128

    To change the colors or shades of gray in the desktop pattern, first choose Control Panel from the Apple menu. The Control Panel opens with the General section displayed. The pointer (8) becomes a crosshair (5) when you place it in the Desktop Pattern area at the top center of the panel.

  • Page 129

    See also: • "Changing the Pattern Displayed on the Desktop" in this chapter Designating the color of icons You can easily change an icon's color or shade of gray in the Color menu. This menu is available only if your Macintosh is capable of displaying color or shades of gray and if you have specified at least 16 colors or shades of gray in the Monitors section of the Control Panel.

  • Page 130

    Click the icon of the program or document you want opened at startup. Choose Set Startup from the Special menu. The Set Startup dialog box appears. Make sure that the name of the program or document you selected is shown. Click OK.

  • Page 131

    SCSI devices with the same ID number. You could lose information on one or both devices if you try to use two SCSI devices with the same ID number. Follow these steps to change the SCSI ID number of an Apple SCSI device:...

  • Page 132

    (If you are not sure whether a SCSI device has an internal terminator, refer to the manual that comes with the device or ask your authorized Apple dealer.) Table 16-1 shows how to arrange SCSI terminators with several different configurations of equipment.

  • Page 133

    In either case, you connect these printers to the printer port. The only Apple printer that you do not connect to the printer port is the LaserWriter IIsc, which you connect to the SCSI port. If necessary, a non-SCSI printer can be connected to the modem port, which is also a serial port.

  • Page 134

    Refer to the instructions supplied with your audio output device for specific connection instructions. You can also use the Apple Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) for transmission of digitized sound between the Macintosh and a synthesizer or other electronic musical instrument that supports MIDI. You connect the MIDI interface to the modem port.

  • Page 135

    All Macintosh computers are designed to be part of the AppleTalk network system, which can include other types of personal computers, such as the Apple IIe, the Apple IIgs, and the IBM PC and compatible computers. When it is part of a network, a personal computer is called a workstation. In addition to workstations, AppleTalk network systems can include much larger computers, called mainframe computers.

  • Page 136

    Macintosh, instructions for cleaning system components, and a note about Apple service and support. In addition, you will find troubleshooting suggestions for times when you encounter problems or unexpected situations.

  • Page 137

    Macintosh or a component. If you cannot get the pieces to join easily, consult your Apple dealer or a technician for help. - Plug the computer into a grounded outlet or power strip before connecting any components.

  • Page 138

    disks. See also: • "Hard Disk Precautions" in Chapter 13 Operating environment The Macintosh is designed to operate reliably in a suitable environment. To maintain this environment, do the following: - Keep the Macintosh and components out of direct sunlight and free from exposure to rain or other moisture.

  • Page 139

    part. Turn the mouse over and open the plastic ring on the bottom that holds the ball. Your Macintosh computer may have one of two different types of mouse. One is opened by turning the ring counterclockwise; the other is opened by pulling the ring straight down until it snaps.

  • Page 140

    The disk's SCSI device number is displayed above the Drive button; the disk name (called the volume name on the screen) is displayed in the message box at the bottom of the screen. When using Apple HD/SC Setup, it is possible to test the current startup disk. Click Test.

  • Page 141

    Apple dealer replace the battery. See also: • "Setting Time and Date" in Chapter 15 Avoiding data loss or damage In recent years, many computer users have experienced problems with viruses - - malicious programs that damage files or erase disks. A virus could be...

  • Page 142

    Eject the disk (by switching off the computer, then holding down the mouse button while you switch the computer on again). Try starting up with a different startup disk. If the "sad Macintosh" icon appears again, see your authorized Apple dealer. The mouse moves but the pointer does not move Cause: The mouse is not connected properly or its signals are not reaching the computer.

  • Page 143

    - Restart the Macintosh with a different startup disk. If typing still does not produce text on the screen, consult your authorized Apple dealer. You cannot save anything on a floppy disk...

  • Page 144

    This procedure makes disk operation faster and creates larger areas of free space for startup. (You can purchase a program to reduce fragmentation from your authorized Apple dealer.) You cannot open a document...

  • Page 145

    a disk that is available to the computer, or the computer is having trouble locating the application program. Solutions: - Try opening the application program first, and then open the document from within the application program by choosing the Open command from the application's File menu.

  • Page 146

    the computer works all right. IMPORTANT: Always be sure to upgrade all parts of your system software when you install a new version of Macintosh system software, and always verify that the programs you use are compatible with the version of system software you have installed.

  • Page 147

    document, switch off the printer, then switch it on again and wait for the printer to warm up before trying to print again. General tips If your Macintosh or a component is not working properly but its problem is not described in this chapter, you can try some general measures that may solve the problem.

  • Page 148

    ID number. (This information will help a service person diagnose the problem should you need to take the computer to your authorized Apple dealer for repair.) - Check the screen for any clues that are visible -- a menu title selected, program and document icons that are open, or anything else that seems relevant to the current situation.

  • Page 149

    Font/DA Mover. You start Key Caps as you do any other desk accessory -- by choosing its name from the Apple menu. The figures here show the Key Caps window with two sets of optional characters available in the Chicago font.

  • Page 150

    computer's memory. Type the character to which you want to add the accent. The character appears, properly accented. Table A-1 Option-key combinations for accent marks Accent mark Key combination Grave accent ( ` ) Option-`, then type the character to be accented Acute accent ( Option-e, then type the character...

  • Page 151

    Creating a global macro: Normally, when you create a macro it applies only in the program you were using when you created it (or, if you were not using a program, it applies only in the Finder). You can create a global macro, which is available in any program, by selecting Global Macros from the pop-up menu above the macro list box on the right side of the MacroMaker window, then following the regular steps to make a macro.

  • Page 152

    3.5-inch disks for both Macintosh computers and computers that use the MS-DOS operating system. You use the Apple File Exchange program to initialize disks in the MS-DOS format and to convert files from MS-DOS computers for use in a Macintosh computer.

  • Page 153

    The name must be valid for MS-DOS -- up to 11 characters, with no periods. The dialog box closes, and the name of the disk you initialized appears in the Apple File Exchange window, above an empty directory list. This disk's icon does not appear on your Macintosh screen (because it is in MS-DOS format).

  • Page 154

    If the name of a file or folder is the same as the name of another file or folder either about to be translated or on the destination disk, Apple File Exchange presents a dialog box in which you can change the name.

  • Page 155

    Getting more information about Apple File Exchange options The Apple File Exchange program contains explanations of the translators it uses. Choose About the Apple File Exchange from the Apple menu to see the list of translators, select an item in the list, and then click the About button for information about that item.

  • Page 156

    keys simultaneously. These modifier keys are available when you are using Sticky Keys: - Shift key - Command (x) key - Option key - Control key Follow these steps to use Sticky Keys: Press the Shift key five times without moving the mouse. This action turns Sticky Keys on.

  • Page 157

    The 5 key serves as the mouse button: press once to click; press twice to double-click. The 0 key locks the mouse button down for dragging. The decimal point key (to the right of 0) unlocks the mouse button. To turn off Mouse Keys, press Command-Shift-Clear again. You can use Sticky Keys for this combination if you wish.

  • Page 158

    1, 2, 4, and 8 bits per pixel Disk drives - Built-in SuperDrive 1.4 MB high-density floppy disk drive - Optional internal 40 MB Apple SCSI hard disk drive or optional second internal SuperDrive - Optional external Apple SCSI hard disk drives (several capacities...

  • Page 159

    - Supports the following monitors: Macintosh 12" RGB Display Macintosh 12" Monochrome Display AppleColor High-Resolution RGB Monitor - Other Apple and non-Apple monitors may also be supported, if used in conjunction with expansion cards. See your authorized Apple dealer for details. Keyboards - Supports all Apple Desktop Bus keyboards.

  • Page 160

    The switch is provided as a convenience for Apple's developers.) The Macintosh LC has keyboard-based reset and interrupt switches. There is no longer a plastic programmer's switch, because the two functions of that switch are now available as combination keystrokes on any Apple Desktop Bus(ADB) keyboard: Reset...

  • Page 161

    The interrupt feature is for programmers, and works only if you have appropriate debugging software installed. Debugging software is available from APDA, the Apple Programmers and Developers Association. Ports and pin assignments This section lists the pin assignments and functions for all the external connectors.

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