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NI PXIe-5605 Features

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PXIe-5665
Features
2025-03-21

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Summary of Contents for NI PXIe-5605

  • Page 1 PXIe-5665 Features 2025-03-21...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    PXIe-5605 Downconverter IF Filter ........
  • Page 3 PXIe-5665 Self-Calibration ..........74 Performing a Device Self-Calibration using the NI-RFSA SFP ... . . 77...

  • Page 4: System Components

    There is no single device labeled "PXIe-5665". PXIe-5665 Front Panel The PXIe-5665 consists of the following hardware module front panels, containing multiple connectors and LED indicators. • PXIe-5622 Front Panel and LEDs • PXIe-5603 PXIe-5605 Front Panel and LEDs • PXIe-5653 Front Panel and LEDs ni.com...

  • Page 5: Pxie-5665 Block Diagram

    PXIe-5665 Features Figure 1. PXIe-5665 (3.6 GHz Configuration) NI PXIe- 562 2 NI PXIe-5603 NI PXIe-5653 Downconverter 20 Hz - 3.6 GHz Synthesizer 16 -Bit IF Digitizer ACCESS ACTIVE ACCESS ACTIVE IF IN REF IN RF IN 10 MHz 0 V DC, DC COUPLED...
  • Page 6 PXIe-5665 3.6 GHz The following block diagram represents the PXIe-56653.6 GHz configuration, which contains the PXIe-5603. LO1 OUT LO2 OUT LO3 OUT NI 5603 NI 5622 IF OUT IF IN RF IN A /D LO1 IN LO2 IN...
  • Page 7 RF signal to a higher intermediate frequency and then downconverts it to a frequency that can be digitized for processing. The PXIe-5605 RF front end includes a mechanical step attenuator, which is variable up to 75 dB in 5 dB steps.
  • Page 8 10 kHz because the series capacitive reactance of the device increases as the RF input frequency drops from 10 kHz to 20 Hz. NI recommends that you keep the DC block attached to the RF IN connector for all measurements at frequencies greater than or equal to 10 kHz to maximize the accuracy of the device.

  • Page 9: Pxie-5665 Signal Path

    Express controller, depending on your PXIe-5665 configuration and operating frequency range. (3.6 GHz or 14 GHz) for Frequencies ≤ 3.6 GHz 1. The RF source signal enters the PXIe-5603 or PXIe-5605 front panel at the RF IN © National Instruments...
  • Page 10 (14 GHz) for Frequencies Between 3.6 GHz and 14 GHz 1. The RF source signal enters the PXIe-5605 front panel at the RF IN connector. 2. The optional preselector, which has a 47 MHz typical bandwidth and is used for frequencies >...

  • Page 11: Related Concepts

    PXIe-5665 Features Related concepts: • PXIe-5665 Block Diagram Hardware State Diagram The following figure shows the acquisition engine state diagram for the IF digitizer in your vector signal analyzer. This state diagram models the PXIe-5665 when it acquires data in the I/Q mode. Ready for Start Event Start...
  • Page 12 The first time through this state, the trigger-to-trigger delay does not have an effect. When the three conditions are satisfied, the module transitions from this state on the next clock cycle. Use the ni.com...
  • Page 13 PXIe-5665 Features Pretrigger Samples property or NIRFSA_ATTR_REF_TRIGGER_PRETRIGGER_SAMPLES attribute to specify the number of samples to be acquired before the Reference Trigger is received. • Wait for Arm Reference Trigger while Sampling —After the module finishes the Minimum Pre-Reference Trigger Sampling state, the module transitions into this state.

  • Page 14: Power On And Reset Conditions

    The PXIe-5665 hardware is in the following state after powering on or restarting the system and allowing the PC operating system and NI-RFSA to fully load. These conditions are also true after a device reset that you perform directly from NI Measurement & Automation Explorer (MAX).

  • Page 15: Pxie-5622 Front Panel And Leds

    PXIe-5665 Features 16-Bit Analog In CH 0 150 MS/s Decimation Path (IF IN) Onboard PCIe Memory Interface Onboard Signal Processing Trigger and Acquisition Event Control Engine CLK In PXI CLK 100 Clocking CLK Out Sample Clock PXI Trig (RTSI) <0..6> Signal Routing Matrix PFI 1...

  • Page 16: Updating Digitizer Firmware

    GREEN—The module has received a Reference (Stop) trigger or is acquiring a waveform. RED—The module has detected an error. Access the module with NI-RFSA to determine the cause of the error. This LED remains red until the error condition is removed.

  • Page 17: Pxie-5603

    PXIe-5665 Features features or critical bug fixes. The firmware for most NI IF digitizers is included with the most recent version of the NI-SCOPE driver, however, to update the firmware for the PXIe-5622, you must run a firmware update utility.
  • Page 18 50 Ω Table 3. Connector Descriptions Connector Use Rated at 0 VDC when DC coupled and 25 VDC when AC coupled. NI recommends setting RF IN the NI-RFSA Channel Coupling property to AC Coupled when the input signal is ≥ 10 MHz.
  • Page 19 PXIe-5665 Features Connector Use LO3 IN Input terminal for the LO3 (800 MHz) source. Output terminal for the LO1 (3.2 GHz to 8.3 GHz) source. In multichannel systems, LO1 OUT exports the signal received at LO1 IN to other PXIe-5603 modules. LO1 OUT This connector is disabled by default.

  • Page 20: Pxie-5603 Block Diagram

    LO2 IN LO3 IN PXIe-5603 Downconverter IF Filter You can allow NI-RFSA to automatically control IF filtering or you can manually select the IF filter. Manual selection is useful when the PXIe-5622 IF digitizer is not being used as well as in other applications, such as in-band retuning.
  • Page 21 (external digitizer mode) or the PXIe-5665. IF Filter Selection in I/Q Acquisitions For I/Q acquisitions, NI-RFSA defaults to the widest IF bandwidth available. You can change the bandwidth using the Device Instantaneous Bandwidth property or the NIRFSA_ATTR_DEVICE_INSTANTANEOUS_BANDWIDTH attribute. You can also change the bandwidth using the IF Filter Bandwidth property or the NIRFSA_ATTR_IF_FILTER_BANDWIDTH attribute.

  • Page 22: Pxie-5605

    50 Ω Table 5. Connector Descriptions Connector Use Rated at 0 VDC when DC coupled and 25 VDC when AC coupled. NI recommends setting the Channel Coupling property to AC Coupled when the input signal is ≥ 10 MHz. RF IN To properly configure the input attenuators, set the reference level at or above the input signal level using the Reference Level property.
  • Page 23 Input terminal for the LO3 (800 MHz) source. Output terminal for the LO1 (3.2 GHz to 8.3 GHz) source. In multichannel systems, LO1 OUT exports the signal received at LO1 IN to other PXIe-5605 modules. LO1 OUT This connector is disabled by default.

  • Page 24: Pxie-5605 Block Diagram

    The PXIe-5605 RF front end includes a mechanical step attenuator, which is variable up to 75 dB in 5 dB steps. When the PXIe-5605 is operating in the low band signal path, the solid-state attenuator provides an additional 31 dB of attenuation, variable in 1 dB steps.

  • Page 25: Pxie-5605 Preselector

    The preselector is a high Q filter that suppresses signals outside the preselector passband by a typical amount of 75 dB. NI-RFSA enables the preselector by default for frequencies greater than 3.6 GHz. The preselector rejects the image frequencies and reduces LO reradiation by filtering these spurious signals.

  • Page 26: Pxie-5605 Downconverter If Filter

    The preselector can also be affected by vibrations to the PXIe-5605 module. PXIe-5605 Downconverter IF Filter You can allow NI-RFSA to automatically control IF filtering or you can manually select the IF filter. Manual selection is useful when the PXIe-5622 IF digitizer is not being used as well as in other applications, such as in-band retuning.

  • Page 27: Pxie-5653

    PXIe-5603/5605 or the PXIe-5665. Note When you set a bandwidth, NI-RFSA selects the smallest bandwidth filter that is at least as large as your specified bandwidth. PXIe-5653 PXIe, 8.3 GHz PXI RF Analog Signal Generator •...
  • Page 28 PXIe-5665 Features Figure 5. PXIe-5653 Front Panel and LEDs ni.com...

  • Page 29: Pxie-5653 Block Diagram

    • RED—The module detected an error state. An error state may indicate the module exceeded approved operating temperature and thermal shutdown occurred or that the module detected a power supply failure. If the power supply fails, contact NI technical support.

  • Page 30: Measurement Guidelines

    When measuring small signals, optimize the signal-to-noise ratio by minimizing input attenuation and resolution bandwidth. Ensure that the reduced input attention is not too low for large amplitude RF input signals. ni.com...

  • Page 31: Related Information

    PXIe-5665 Features When the reference level is reduced to a low setting, you can enable the internal preamplifier for frequency ranges from 10 MHz to 3.6 GHz to view weak signals below the noise floor of the PXIe-5665. Because the internal preamplifier has a wide bandwidth that is not preselected, large signals, even those outside the selected frequency span, may force the PXIe-5665 into compression.

  • Page 32: Single-Tone Harmonic Distortion And Two-Tone Intermodulation Distortion

    You can use a variety of different techniques to perform single-tone harmonic distortion measurements and two-tone intermodulation distortion measurements on your system. This topic provides only a typical equipment setup. NI recommends using the best equipment setup for your specific application. Single-Tone Harmonic Distortion Measurement Setup In a typical harmonic distortion measurement setup, a lowpass or bandpass filter passes the fundamental signal to the DUT while suppressing its harmonics.
  • Page 33 Complete the following steps to determine whether the PXIe-5665 contributes to any apparent DUT distortion and adjust the instrument settings accordingly. Use the NI-RFSA SFP (Classic) in spectrum mode as you complete the following steps. © National Instruments...
  • Page 34 Complete the following steps to correct for this contribution. a. Remove the attenuation that was applied in step 5. b. Either decrease the signal source(s) power level or increase the PXIe-5603/5605 attenuation by increasing the value of the Reference Level property or the NIRFSA_ATTR_REFERENCE_LEVEL attribute. ni.com...

  • Page 35: Compression Measurement Setup

    PXIe-5665. Note that the attenuator is internal to the PXIe-5603/5605 downconverter. You can use a variety of different techniques to perform compression measurements for your system. NI recommends using the best equipment setup for your specific application. 1. Signal Source 2.
  • Page 36 To test the compression limits for a DUT, ensure that the PXIe-5665 itself is not contributing any substantial error by being driven to near its own compression limits. NI recommends setting a measurement instrument 10 dB to 20 dB below the compression specifications.

  • Page 37: Noise Figure

    You can use a variety of different techniques (for example, Y-factor and cold source techniques) to perform noise figure measurements for your system. This topic provides only a typical equipment setup. NI recommends using the best equipment setup for your specific application.
  • Page 38 4. Vector Signal Analyzer 5. Termination Measuring Noise Figure with the PXIe-5665 Use the NI-RFSA SFP (Classic) in spectrum mode as you complete the following steps. If your application requires the use of the preselector, complete the steps with the preselector enabled.

  • Page 39: Advanced Topics

    PXIe-5665 Features PXIe-5665 at that frequency (N rfsa 9. Remove the load termination from the PXIe-5603/5605 front panel RF IN connector. 10. Connect the DUT output to the PXIe-5603/5605 front panel RF IN connector. 11. Apply a small known signal, P (dB), into the DUT input.
  • Page 40 PXIe-5605, the default minimum mechanical attenuation is 10 dB, and other supported values are 0 dB to 75 dB in 5 dB steps. You can allow NI-RFSA to calculate the mechanical attenuation value and change only the RF Attenuation Step Size property...
  • Page 41 PXIe-5665 Features or the NIRFSA_ATTR_RF_ATTENUATION_STEP_SIZE attribute. If you set the RF attenuation step size to a value other than a multiple of 5 dB, NI-RFSA uses the maximum mechanical attenuation to set RF attenuation step size and achieves the remainder with the solid-state attenuation.

  • Page 42: Programming Attenuation Using Ni-Rfsa

    If you set this property or attribute, the value, , is used in the formulas shown in the following table. If you do not set this value, NI-RFSA uses the default value of 0 dBm for calculations in which reference level is a factor.
  • Page 43 The MECH balance between mechanical and solid state − ≤ MECH attenuators is calculated by NI-RFSA. This configuration is similar to the preceding − ≤ configuration, with the exception that the MECH balance between mechanical and electronic −...
  • Page 44 The gain, G , is 15 dB when the preamplifier is present and enabled, and 0 dB when the preamplifier is not present or disabled. Note The IF gain of the PXIe-5665 is nominally − P − G MECH ni.com...
  • Page 45 Customizing the value of one setting can have an effect on the value of another setting. RF attenuation refers to all the attenuation that occurs before the mixer, which includes both solid-state (or electronic) attenuators and mechanical attenuators. NI- RFSA uses the value of the Reference Level property or the NIRFSA_ATTR_REFERENCE_LEVEL attribute even if you do not set it.
  • Page 46 NI-RFSA adjusts the settings to get close to the desired mixer level, but it does not return an error if the signal level is too low. NI-RFSA does return an error if the reference level is so high that even with the maximum available RF attenuation, it cannot lower the signal at mixer below the specified mixer level.
  • Page 47 3.6 GHz, an additional 31 dB of solid-state attenuation is available in 1 dB steps. The default step size for the PXIe-5605 is 5 dB. This default value indicates that even when in the low band signal path, NI-RFSA changes the RF attenuation in 5 dB steps using only the mechanical attenuator.

  • Page 48: Pxie-5665 Timing Configurations

    After you set attenuation-related properties and settings, the settings you select persist until you reset them. If you are using LabVIEW, use the NI-RFSAProperty Node to reset a property. To reset a property in the Property Node, select the property, right-click the Property Node, and select Change To »...
  • Page 49 PXI backplane. Note Although using the 10 MHz PXI backplane clock as a reference is possible, NI does not recommend doing so.The frequency accuracy and stability of the 10 MHz PXI backplane reference results in increased phase noise. Note Do not use the PXIe-5653 REF OUT (10 MHz) connector as a reference source for timing configurations.
  • Page 50 3. Specify RefIn as the Reference Clock source using the niRFSA Configure Ref Clock VI or the niRFSA_ConfigureRefClock function. NI-RFSA uses a default Reference Clock rate of 10 MHz. Use the niRFSA Configure Ref Clock VI or the niRFSA_ConfigureRefClock function to specify a different Reference Clock rate if you do not want to use the default value.

  • Page 51: Phase Coherency

    PXIe-5665 Features PXI Express backplane Reference Clock be locked to another, more accurate external reference. Phase Coherency Sharing a local oscillator (LO) has implications for PXIe-5665 phase coherency. Phase coherency guarantees that two devices are locked to the same frequency with a constant phase offset between them.
  • Page 52 RefIn. Set the clock rate to 10 MHz for the Reference Clock using the clock rate parameter of the niRFSG Configure Ref Clock VI or the refClockRate parameter of the niRFSG_ConfigureRefClk function. 21. Connect a 50 Ω termination to the following connectors: ◦ LO OUT on the PXIe-5611 ni.com...
  • Page 53 ◦ LO2 OUT on the PXIe-5603/5605 ◦ LO3 OUT on the PXIe-5603/5605 The following figure shows an interconnected PXIe-5665 (3.6 GHz) and PXIe-5673E using an internal clock. NI PXIe -56 52 NI PXIe-5603 NI PXIe- 562 2 NI PXIe-5653 Downconverter 20 Hz - 3.6 GHz...

  • Page 54: Connecting The Pxie-5665 To The Pxie-5673

    PXIe-5665 Features NI PXIe -56 52 NI PXIe- 562 2 NI PXIe-5653 NI PXIe-5605 RF Signal Generator 16 -Bit IF Digitizer Downconverter 20 Hz - 14 GHz Synthesizer ACCESS ACTIVE ACCESS ACTIVE ACCESS ACTIVE 500 kHz - 6.6 GHz IF IN...
  • Page 55 PXIe-5665 Features PXIe-5450 to I+ on the PXIe-5611. 8. Using a semi-rigid SMA-to-SMA cable (labeled A), connect CH 0-/I- on the PXIe-5450 to I- on the PXIe-5611. 9. Using a semi-rigid SMA-to-SMA cable (labeled A), connect CH 1+/Q+ on the PXIe-5450 to Q+ on the PXIe-5611.
  • Page 56 PXIe-5665 Features ◦ LO3 OUT on the PXIe-5603/5605 The following figure shows an interconnected PXIe-5665 (3.6 GHz) and PXIe-5673 using an internal clock. NI PXIe- 54 50 NI PXIe-5611 NI PXIe- 562 2 NI PXIe-5603 NI PXIe-5653 40 0 MS/s I/ Q Signal Generator...

  • Page 57: Connecting Multiple Pxie-5665 Devices

    PXIe-5665 Features NI PXIe- 54 50 NI PXIe-5611 NI PXIe- 562 2 NI PXIe-5653 NI PXIe-5605 40 0 MS/s I/ Q Signal Generator I/ Q Vector Modulator 16 -Bit IF Digitizer Downconverter 20 Hz - 14 GHz Synthesizer ACCESS ACTIVE...
  • Page 58 7. Connect a 50 Ω termination to each of the LO OUT connectors (LO1 OUT, LO2 OUT, and LO3 OUT) on the second RF signal downconverter. The following figure shows an interconnected PXIe-5665 (3.6 GHz) using two RF signal downconverters and two IF digitizers. NI PXIe- 562 2 NI PXIe-5603 NI PXIe- 562 2 NI PXIe-5603 NI PXIe-5653 Downconverter 20 Hz - 3.6 GHz...

  • Page 59: Devices

    MAX lists all available devices under the chassis. Your device names may vary. 4. In the NI 5603 or NI 5605 Configuration dialog box, use the drop-down LO listbox to specify the PXIe-5653 module that is connected to the PXIe-5603 or PXIe-5605 by coaxial cables.

  • Page 60: Device Warm-Up

    • PXIe-5603 — 31.0 °C (87.8 °F) when placed next to the PXIe-5622 IF digitizer and PXIe-5653 RF analog signal generator • PXIe-5605 — 26.0 °C (78.8 °F) when placed next to the PXIe-5622 IF digitizer and PXIe-5653 RF analog signal generator at an ambient temperature of 23 °C (73 °F) •...

  • Page 61: Spurious Performance

    PXIe-5665 Features To achieve the desired IF flatness and overall accuracy specifications, equalization must be performed. Equalization attempts to correct for the following factors: • Frequency response of the digitizer • RF response of the downconverter • IF response of the downconverter To enable digital IF equalization, use either the Digital IF Equalization Enabled property or the NIRFSA_ATTR_DIGITAL_IF_EQUALIZATION_ENABLED attribute.

  • Page 62: Non-Input Related Spurs

    • n is an integer • p is an integer • f is equal to 4 GHz (PXIe-5603 or PXIe-5605 for RF frequencies ≤ 3.6 GHz) or 800 MHz (PXIe-5605 for RF frequencies > 3.6 GHz) • f is equal to 800 MHz (PXIe-5603 or PXIe-5605 for RF frequencies < 3.6 GHz)
  • Page 63 7,306.25 MHz LO Leakage to RF and IF LO leakage is a portion of the LO signal that leaks from the PXIe-5603 or the PXIe-5605 LO IN to the RF IN or IF OUT front panel connectors. LO leakage to the RF IN front panel connector is most often seen at low tuned frequencies.

  • Page 64: Input-Related Spurs

    + 4601.0 MHz + 601.0 MHz + 601.0 MHz)/2 300 kHz tune tune tune + 4610.0 MHz + 610.0 MHz + 610.0 MHz)/2 5 MHz (PXIe-5605 only) tune tune tune + 4612.5 MHz + 612.5 MHz + 612.5 MHz)/2 Through tune tune...
  • Page 65 RF input. Each image response appears at a frequency 2 x IF away from the tuned RF frequency. The PXIe-5603 and PXIe-5605 use filters to minimize these undesired images, so only the frequency signal of choice remains for analysis.
  • Page 66 3,390.0 MHz 990.0 MHz Through + 9,225.0 MHz 3,387.5 MHz 987.5 MHz The following table lists the direct image frequencies for the PXIe-5605, for frequencies > 3.6 GHz. IF Filter Selection Second Mixer First Mixer + 1,202.0 MHz 300 kHz 999.0 MHz...
  • Page 67 The signals are received at the RF IN connector on the downconverter front panel. The frequency of the undesired signal can be calculated as shown in the following table. The following table lists the IF center frequencies for the PXIe-5603 and PXIe-5605, for frequencies ≤ 3.6 GHz.
  • Page 68 IMD2 = 2 f IMD1 = 2 f IMD2 IMD3 is characterized by the intermodulation intercept point. The intercept point is calculated as shown in the following equation: sig − 1 MD IP 3 = n − 1 where ni.com...

  • Page 69: Spurious Signals In Signal Analyzers

    PXIe-5665 Features • IP3 represents the intercept point • P represents the signal power • P represents the intermodulation distortion power • n represents any integer Rearranging the preceding equation and substituting 3 for n for the IMD3 yields the following equation: 3 ×...
  • Page 70 IF response for two reasons: 1. IF/n is not rejected by the front-end lowpass filter in the upconverting band (lowband) of a signal analyzer 2. Decreasing the power of the input stimulus (at frequency f /n) by Δ dB results in ni.com...
  • Page 71 In addition, it is possible that the downstream mixers image can be translated to the RF front-end. For example, the following table shows the ranges for the PXIe-5605. Excitation Analyzer Center...
  • Page 72 Δ dB results in an increase of suppression of an (m,n) product by Δ×(|n|-1) dBc. The relative level of first order RF responses do not fall with decreasing mixer levels. ni.com...

  • Page 73: Calibration

    During frequency-response factory calibration, the PXIe-5665 measures an integrated high-precision calibration signal, which is compared against a NIST-traceable power sensor. Any error in the returned data is quantified as a set of calibration constants. NI- RFSA uses these calibration constants to calculate and to apply corrections to your analysis based on the spectrum of interest.

  • Page 74: Related Information

    • Reference PXIe-5665 Self-Calibration You can configure NI-RFSA to perform a self-calibration on the PXIe-5665 system. You can also configure NI-RFSA to perform a module-level self-calibration on the PXIe-5622 or PXIe-5653 modules. The niRFSA Self Cal VI and niRFSA_SelfCalibrate function perform the following self- calibration operations for the PXIe-5665 system: •...
  • Page 75 If your application requires module-level self-calibration, you can configure the niRFSA Self Cal VI or the niRFSA_SelfCalibrate function to perform only the module-level self- calibration steps, namely, LO self-calibration and digitizer self-calibration. You can also run the module-level calibration steps in NI Measurement & Automation Explorer (MAX). Note...
  • Page 76 When the PXIe-5603/5605 is associated with the PXIe-5622 IF digitizer and the PXIe-5653 RF analog signal generator, NI-RFSA characterizes the preselector tuning curve as part of the device self-calibration process using an internally generated calibration signal and algorithm.

  • Page 77: Performing A Device Self-Calibration Using The Ni-Rfsa Sfp

    Performing a Device Self-Calibration using the NI-RFSA SFP NI recommends you perform the self-calibration from the NI-RFSA Soft Front Panel (SFP). You can also run a self-calibration programmatically using the NI-RFSA API by calling the niRFSA Self Cal VI or the niRFSA_SelfCalibrate function.

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