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Goudsmit HGM09S Operating Instructions Manual

Gaussmeter
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O
PERATING
INSTRUCTIONS
G
HGM09
AUSSMETER
S

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Summary of Contents for Goudsmit HGM09S

  • Page 1 PERATING INSTRUCTIONS HGM09 AUSSMETER...
  • Page 2 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 1 © 2022 MAGSYS magnet systeme GmbH All rights reserved. No part of these operating instructions may be reproduced or du- plicated without the author’s written consent. Edition Note Data File HGM09_Manual_EN_2022_08.doc Doc. Date 09.08.2022...
  • Page 3 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 1 Table of Contents Safety Instructions 6.1 Settings 1.1 Safety Instructions for the Device 6.1.1 Operating Mode of the USB Interface 1.2 Safety Instructions for the Measuring Probes 6.1.2 Selecting the Display Units 1.3 Safety Symbols 6.1.3 Operating Mode of the Peak Value Recording...
  • Page 4 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 1 Table of Illustrations Display Ports Basic Assembly of a Hall Probe Battery Box Flux Line Characteristics of NdFeB Induction Disks Display Field Strength Pattern of NdFeB Induction Disk USB Connection Front Side SCPI Status Model...
  • Page 5 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 1 Safety Instructions 1 Safety Instructions 1.1 Safety Instructions for the Device Use the measuring instrument only according to the user manual. Do not replace any parts and do not make any modifications on the product with- out our explicit and written consent.
  • Page 6 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 1 Safety Instructions 1.2 Safety Instructions for the Measuring Probes The magnetic measurements should only be carried out in areas with a max. vol- tage of 60V DC, 30V AC RMS. The magnetic field probes are not electrically insu- lated.
  • Page 7 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 2 Brief Introduction 2 Brief Introduction Measurements with the Gaussmeter use the Hall effect as a measuring principle. A Hall probe is a symmetric semiconductor impressed by current. A magnetic field running vertically to this element generates an asymmetry on the chip and thereby creates an output voltage that, as a first approximation, is proportional to the prod- uct of magnetic field strength and the forced current.
  • Page 8 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 2 Brief Introduction • Insert the measuring probe into the measuring field after adjusting the request- ed measuring range and the requested unit. Especially for inhomogeneous magnetic fields, such as they occur on the surface and edges of magnets, keep in mind that the measured magnetic flux density depends very largely on the distance and the position.
  • Page 9 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 2 Brief Introduction 2.5 Display A typical example display is demonstrated below. USB Status Battery Status Unit Measuring Value Measuring Range Operating Mode Figure 1 Display 2.6 Status Display In addition to showing the current measuring value, the Gaussmeter display also shows the status information, a negative or positive peak value, if required, and the state of the USB interface as well as the charging status of the battery.
  • Page 10 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 3 Gaussmeter Function 3 Gaussmeter Function 3.1 The Hall Effect 3.1.1 Linear Properties of the Hall Probe The measurement is based on the deflection of charge carriers in a magnetic field in- side a conductor. For this reason the Lorentz force is the basis for measuring a mag- netic flux density.
  • Page 11 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 3 Gaussmeter Function ⋅ ⋅ It follows that: Hall ⋅ Carrier With Elementary charge of the electron (1.6022x10 Width of the path on which the electrons move Effective force of the Hall element Flux density in [Tesla] This represents the idealized Hall effect.
  • Page 12 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 3 Gaussmeter Function 3.1.2.2 Reasons for the Field Dependence of the Sensitivity There are several influences for the flux-density dependence of the sensitivity: The carrier mobility depends on the flux density. This influence generally brings about a negative α...
  • Page 13 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 3 Gaussmeter Function 3.2 Measurement Details The used Hall probes contain a very small active semiconductor area ranging at approx. 100µm. The local resolution of this measuring method is thus rather high. Also note that individual Hall probes measure one field component only.
  • Page 14 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 3 Gaussmeter Function Figure 4 Field Strength Pattern of NdFeB Induction Disk The diagram in Figure 4 represents the measurement with a Hall probe which is moved in parallel to the surface of the magnet with a distance of 1mm distance to the measur- ing surface.
  • Page 15 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 3 Gaussmeter Function As B as well as B are measured in the unit Tesla, the magnetic field measured on the outside is often mixed up with the remanence. Please note that a magnet without back iron only shows a value clearly below the remanence on the surface.
  • Page 16 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 3 Gaussmeter Function 3.2.4 External Static Magnetic Fields Particularly in sensitive measuring ranges, an external static magnetic field, as e.g. the Earth’s field, can already become clearly noticeable. These external magnetic fields lead to a corruption of the measuring result.
  • Page 17 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 4 Control Elements and Connections 4 Control Elements and Connections 4.1 Front Side Overview Display RANGE button Range selection NULL button Reset DATA button Data recording IO button On/Off Figure 5 Front Side 4.2 Ports Overview...
  • Page 18 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 4 Control Elements and Connections 4.3 Power Supply The Gaussmeter can be operated with the included power supply. The power sup- ply is connected via the USB port (type Mini-B) on the top of the device. The power supply is designed for a line voltage of 100 to 240V alternating current 50-60 hertz at a charging rate of max.
  • Page 19 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 4 Control Elements and Connections 4.4.1 Charging the Batteries The battery is charged via the power supply during operation or when connected to a personal computer. The top right edge of the display shows the battery charge condition.
  • Page 20 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 4 Control Elements and Connections 4.5 Probe Connection The magnetic measuring probe is plugged into the probe port (DIN Mini-DIN- socket) on the top of the device. Note Only use measuring probes which are approved by the manufacturer to operate with this device.
  • Page 21 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5 Operation 5.1 Keyboard The required functions are selected and triggered via 4 buttons. The labeling of the button corresponds to the requested function, e.g. RANGE changes the range of the measuring value.
  • Page 22 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.2 Display A typical display example is shown below. USB Status Battery Status Unit Measuring Value Operating Mode Range Figure 8 Display 5.3 Status Display Apart from the measuring value the display shows some status information.
  • Page 23 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation The device is connected to the computer via a virtual inter- face. The device is connected to the computer as a keyboard simulation. In this mode, the Gaussmeter acts like a key- Interface DATA board.
  • Page 24 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.4 Switching on/off The device is switched on and off with the right bottom IO button. In each case the button must be pressed for approx. 1 second. This avoids an accidental switching on and off.
  • Page 25 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.6 Measuring Range The Gaussmeter has 4 measuring ranges. The range limit value is shown at the bottom left of the display. The range limit values depend on the ranges themselves and on the selected measuring unit. The ranges can be switched manually or automatically.
  • Page 26 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.7 Measuring Unit You select the requested measuring unit by pressing the RANGE button. The function of the RANGE button depends on the setting of the setup menu under Units. The measurement is carried out either in the unit Tesla, Gauss, kA/m or in Oersted.
  • Page 27 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.8.1 DC Field Measurements When measuring DC fields, the gathered measuring values are integrated via a time interval of 100 milliseconds. Influences of AC magnetic fields are thereby sup- pressed. This applies especially for interspersions of the AC network with a net fre- quency of 50 to 60 hertz.
  • Page 28 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.8.2 AC Field Measurements In the operating mode AC field measurement the ef- fective value (RMS) is calculated from the determined AC field shares. DC field shares are automatically suppressed in this type of measurement.
  • Page 29 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation Frequency Response Factor (Sinusoidal Field Pattern) Frequency Factor 2 kHz 1.00 5 kHz 0.98 7 kHz 0.95 10 kHz 0.90 Shape Factor (Sinusoidal Field Pattern) Factor Field Strength 700 mT 1.00 1000 mT 1.01...
  • Page 30 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.9 Peak Value Measurement The device has 2 different operating modes for measuring peak values. They differ in speed, evaluation and resolution. 5.9.1 Normal Peak Value Recording For the normal peak value recording of minimum and...
  • Page 31 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.9.2 Fast Peak Value Recording The fast recording of the maximum values of DC fields is required for short magnetic impulses, as they are generated in e.g. magnetizing systems. In this operating mode you record peak values of the magnetic field starting from a duration of 10µs.
  • Page 32 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation The error of the fast peak value measurement consists of the error of the DC field measurement and of a frequency factor that depends on the measuring range. Error DC Field Measurement (1σ) B ≤1.5 T...
  • Page 33 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 5 Operation 5.10 Probe Data For a correct measurement the Gaussmeter must always know the necessary probe data. The connected probes contain a parameter memory which stores the probe pa- rameters, the serial number and the labeling. After changing the probe or switching on the device these data are read in automatically.
  • Page 34 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 6 Setup Menu 6 Setup Menu You can change the device setup via the setup menu and hence adapt the device to the measurement task in an optimal way. By holding the IO but- ton after switching on, the setup menu appears on the display.
  • Page 35 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 6 Setup Menu 6.1 Settings The following setup possibilities can be adapted individually in order to be able to use the device for each application in an optimal way: 6.1.1 Operating Mode of the USB Interface Switched off The data connection is cut off.
  • Page 36 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 6 Setup Menu 6.1.3 Operating Mode of the Peak Value Recording Switched off peak value recording switched off. Fast recording of max. The absolute higher peak value of FAST values the measuring value is recorded all 20µms.
  • Page 37 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 6 Setup Menu 6.1.5 Range Selection MANUALLY Manual range selection RANGE via the button AUTO Automatic range switch The switch is made at > 90% at the range limits and < 10% of the measuring range.
  • Page 38 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 6 Setup Menu 6.1.8 Charging the Batteries The batteries are Charging is only possible when the charged via the power device is switched on. supply or the computer in operation The batteries are not The charging is blocked.
  • Page 39 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 1 6.1.11 Version Remarks After quitting the setup menu, two display pages emit some information regarding the device. If you want to look at the display longer, keep the IO button pressed. The first page displays: •...
  • Page 40 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7 Serial Interface 7.1 Introduction Via the installed serial interface all functions of the Gaussmeter can be piloted by a controller (e.g. a personal computer). The interface can be used in two completely different ways.
  • Page 41 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.2 Connecting the Gaussmeter to a Computer 7.2.1 Connector Plug The USB port on the top of the Gaussmeter is a Mini-B USB 2.0 socket. USB port Figure 9 USB Connection The Gaussmeter is connected to the computer via the supplied USB cable.
  • Page 42 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.3.1 Example Normal Measuring Mode in Excel  The marked values were transmitted by the Gaussmeter. Placement starting in cell B3. 7.3.2 Example Fast Peak Value Mode in Excel  The marked values were transmitted by the Gaussmeter.
  • Page 43 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.4 Operation via Interface 7.4.1 Installation on the Computer For the comprehensive operation on an external computer use the CDC device class (Communication Device Class) of the USB specification. This communication class defines a virtual serial interface on the connected computer.
  • Page 44 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.4.4.1 Command Structure The commands generally have a short and a long form. In the following descriptions, the short form is set in upper case. The attached long form is set in lower case. Only the characters of the short form are checked for syntactic correctness.
  • Page 45 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.4.4.6 Query Commands The controller can send out commands at any time, however a SCPI device (here the Gaussmeter) will only answer, if it has expressly been instructed to do so. Only query commands (commands that end with a question mark) prompt the device to send a response.
  • Page 46 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.4.5.2 Discrete Parameters Discrete parameters are used in order to program setups that have a limited amount of values. You have a long and a short form for command key words. Upper and lower case can be mixed.
  • Page 47 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.4.5.6 Output Data Format Output data have the format that is shown in the following chart. Output data termi- nate with a <CR> character and by an character. <LF> Types of Output Data...
  • Page 48 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.4.6 The SCPI Status Model The status system records different device conditions in several register groups. The individual messages are grouped in the several registers. One bit of these registers is related to one message respectively.
  • Page 49 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.4.6.4 Overview Status Model Figure 10 SCPI Status Model Page 49 / 75...
  • Page 50 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.4.6.5 Bit Definitions Bit Definitions Sum Register Decimal Definition Value Measuring Event One or several bits are set in the measuring event regis- ter and activated in the release register. Error Event One or several bits are set in the error event register and activated in the release register.
  • Page 51 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.5 Summary of SCPI Commands The following spellings are used in the SCPI command syntax: optional key words or parameters are indicated in square brackets [ ]. Parameters within a command character string are indicated in braces { }. The parameter indicated in angle brackets <...
  • Page 52 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.5.3 Peak Value Functions Interrogate the current peak value mode. :PEAK? Select the peak value mode. :PEAK:MODE {OFF|SLOW|FAST} Reset the current peak values. :PEAK:NULL Display the stored peak value. :PEAK:READ? Display the stored minimum peak value.
  • Page 53 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6 Explanation of the Individual SCPI Commands 7.6.1 Control Commands 7.6.1.1 *CLS Description: Resets the status register. Mode: Command Parameter: None value: Not relevant *RST Example: send *CLS<LF> 7.6.1.2 *ESE[?] Description: Reads out the event register. The Gaussmeter displays a decimal value that corresponds to the sum of the binary place values of all set bits in this register.
  • Page 54 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.1.4 *IDN? Description: Reads the Gaussmeter identification character string. The Gaussme- ter displays the following identification text: Mode: Query Parameter: None value: Not relevant *RST Example: send *IDN?<LF> receive MAGSYS-MAGNET-SYSTEME,HGM09,0,150310,VI<CR><LF> 7.6.1.5 *OPC? Description: Issue of "1"...
  • Page 55 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.1.8 *SRE[?] Description: Reads out and sets the status byte release register. The Gaussmeter displays a decimal value that corresponds to the sum of the binary place values of all set bits in this register.
  • Page 56 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.1.12 :STAT:QUES:EVENt? Description: Reads out the error byte register. The Gaussmeter displays a decimal value that corresponds to the sum of the binary place values of all set bits in this register.
  • Page 57 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.2 Main Commands 7.6.2.1 :MEAS? Description: Emits the current measurement (Like :READ?) Mode: Query Parameter: None value: Not relevant *RST Example: send :MEAS?<LF> receive 2.546313e-01<CR><LF> 7.6.2.2 :MODE[?] Description: The DC or AC field operation mode is preset.
  • Page 58 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.2.4 :RANGe:SET Description: The Gaussmeter measuring range is preset. Mode: Command Parameter: { 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 } Most sensitive range Most insensitive range value: Not relevant *RST Example: send :RANG:SET 2<LF>...
  • Page 59 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.2.8 :UNIT[?] Description: The physical unit of the measuring value is preset or interrogated. Mode: Command Parameter: { TESL|APM|GAUS|OE|G|T TESL Unit is Tesla Unit is A/m GAUS Unit is Gauss Unit is Oersted...
  • Page 60 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.2.12 :READ:AC? Description: Like :AC? Example: send :READ:AC?<LF> receive 5.25321e-01<CR><LF> 7.6.2.13 :MEAS:AC? Description: Like :AC? Example: send :MEAS:AC?<LF> receive 5.25321e-01<CR><LF> Page 60 / 75...
  • Page 61 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.3 Peak Value Function 7.6.3.1 :PEAK? Description: Interrogates the current peak value mode. Mode: Query Parameter: None value: Not relevant *RST Example: receive OFF<CR><LF> 7.6.3.2 :PEAK:MODE[?] Description: Selects and interrogates the peak value mode.
  • Page 62 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.3.4 :PEAK:READ? Description: The stored peak value is displayed. For SlowPeak the absolute larger peak value with signs; for FastPeak the peak value; for normal measurement 0 is emitted. Mode: Query Parameter: None...
  • Page 63 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.4 Probe Functions 7.6.4.1 :PROB:NAME? Description: Interrogates the probe name. Mode: Query Parameter: None value: Not relevant *RST Example: send :PROB:NAME?<LF> receive "HGM09 Probe T02.047.33.13 "<CR><LF> 7.6.4.2 :PROB:SN? Description: Interrogates the probe serial number.
  • Page 64 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.5 Parameters 7.6.5.1 :PAR:USB[?] Description: Selects the USB interface operating mode. A change of this parame- ter has an effect only after the next switching-on of the device. The changes must be stored by the command :PAR:SAVE, if necessary.
  • Page 65 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.5.3 :PAR:PEAK[?] Description: Selects the peak value acquisition mode. The changes must be stored by the command :PAR:SAVE, if necessary. Mode: Command and query Parameter: {OFF | SLOW | FAST} No peak value recording...
  • Page 66 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.5.5 :PAR:RANGe[?] Description: Switches on/off the automatic range selection. The changes must be stored by the command :PAR:SAVE, if necessary. Mode: Command and query Parameter: {MANU | AUTO} MANU Selection via the RANGE button...
  • Page 67 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.5.7 :PAR:POFF[?] Description: Sets the turn-off time or switches off the function respectively. The device is switched off automatically after a determined period of in- activity. The changes must be stored by the command :PAR:SAVE, if necessary.
  • Page 68 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.5.9 :PAR:LIGHt[?] Description: Sets the brightness of the display illumination or switches off the il- lumination respectively. The changes must be stored by the com- mand :PAR:SAVE, if necessary. Mode: Command and query Parameter: {100 | 75 | 50 | 25 | OFF} 25 ..
  • Page 69 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 7 Serial Interface 7.6.6 Device Functions 7.6.6.1 :SN:UNIT? Description: Emits the serial number of the device. Mode: Query Parameter: None value: Not relevant *RST Example: send :SN:UNIT?<LF> receive 010110078<CR><LF> 7.6.6.2 :SN:SW? Description: Emits the software version.
  • Page 70 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 8 Unit Conversion Table 8 Unit Conversion Table This table shows the relationship between the displayed measuring values. Size Unit Display Conversion ⋅ Mag. flux density B Tesla −4 ⋅ Flux density Gauss π −...
  • Page 71 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 9 Technical Data 9 Technical Data General Power Supply Power supply unit 100..240 VAC, 50/60Hz, 0.3 A USB interface Battery 2 x AA 1.2 V NiMH (rechargeable) Power Consumption approx. 2.5 W Environmental Conditions -10 °C to 40 °C;...
  • Page 72 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 9 Technical Data Units Tesla Gauss Oersted Ampere/meter Measuring Ranges 4.5 T 45 kG 45 kOe 3800 kA/m (1 mT) (10 G) (10 Oe) (1 kA/m) (Resolution) 10 kG 10 kOe 1000 kA/m DC Field Measurement (100 µT)
  • Page 73 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 10 Warranty and Copyright 10 Warranty and Copyright solely responsible for design and assembly of electric circuits Copyright in connection with this product. MAGSYS magnet systeme GmbH cannot be made liable neither for customers’ circuits ©...
  • Page 74 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 11 Index 11 Index *CLS ......... 53 AC Field Measurements ..... 28 Hall Effect ......... 10 *ESE ......... 53 Accuracy ........15 *ESR ......... 53 *IDN ........54 Illustrations........4 *OPC ........54 Batteries ........18 Installation ........
  • Page 75 Gaussmeter HGM09s Operating Instructions Chapter 11 Index Sensitivity ........12 Serial Interface ......40 Query Commands ..... 45 Unit .......... 70 Settings ........35 USB .......... 41 Setup Menu ....... 34 USB Interface ......20 Static Magnetic Fields ....16 Range Selection ......