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Rohde & Schwarz DDF0 E Series Manual

Rohde & Schwarz DDF0 E Series Manual

Digital hf/vhf/uhf monitoring direction finder
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Handbuch • Manual
Geschäftsbereich • Division
Überwachungs- und Ortungstechnik • Radiomonitoring and Radiolocation
DIGITALER HF/VHF/UHF
ÜBERWACHUNGSPEILER
DIGITAL HF/VHF/UHF
MONITORING DIRECTION FINDER
4059.9097.34-12
R&S DDF0xE
4059.9600.02
4059.9700.02
4059.9800.02

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  • Page 1 Handbuch • Manual Geschäftsbereich • Division Überwachungs- und Ortungstechnik • Radiomonitoring and Radiolocation DIGITALER HF/VHF/UHF ÜBERWACHUNGSPEILER DIGITAL HF/VHF/UHF MONITORING DIRECTION FINDER R&S DDF0xE 4059.9600.02 4059.9700.02 4059.9800.02 4059.9097.34-12...
  • Page 2 R&S ist eingetragenes Warenzeichen der Fa. Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. ® Eigennamen sind Warenzeichen der jeweiligen Eigentümer. R&S is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. ® Proper names are trademarks of the respective owners. Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany Rohde &...
  • Page 3 Markennamen / Trademarks DDF0xE Sehr geehrter Kunde ® in diesem Handbuch wird R&S DDF0xE mit DDF0xE abgekürzt. ® ® R&S und DDF sind eingetragene Warenzeichen der Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG und ihrer Tochterfirmen. Dear Customer, ® throughout this manual, DDF0xE is generally used as an abbreviation for R&S DDF0xE.
  • Page 5 EC Certificate of Conformity Certificate No.: 2003-60 This is to certify that: Equipment type Stock No. Designation DDF05E 4059.9700.02 Digital VHF/UHF Monitoring Direction Finder complies with the provisions of the Directive of the Council of the European Union on the approximation of the laws of the Member States - relating to electrical equipment for use within defined voltage limits (73/23/EEC revised by 93/68/EEC)
  • Page 7 Supplementary sheet DDF0xE s to the system release DDF05ME The functions and characteristics of the DF unit DDF05ME are similar to the functions and characteristics of the DF unit DDF05E, with the following restriction: The DF unit DDF05ME works with a limited frequency range of 20 MHz to 1300 MHz. List of manuals for DF unit DDF05ME Available manuals Order number...

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    Manual DDF0xE Contents 1 Introduction............................7 1.1 General............................7 1.2 Copyright 2004-2007 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG..............7 2 Preparation for Use ..........................9 2.1 Prerequisites............................9 2.2 Installation ............................9 2.2.1 Hardware..........................9 2.2.2 Software ..........................12 2.3 Options ............................16 2.3.1 Registering Hardware Options ....................17 2.3.2 Registering Software Options ....................21 2.4 Installation Test ..........................23 3 Operation..............................25...
  • Page 10 DDF0xE Manual 4.2.5 Scan Windrose ........................95 5 Remote Control Option ........................97 5.1 Introduction............................97 5.1.1 Installation ..........................97 5.2 Connection ............................98 5.2.1 Defining DDF Stations......................100 5.3 Changing the Connection during Operation................101 5.4 Calibration ...........................101 5.5 Multiple Start and Automatic Connections ..................102 6 Single-Station-Locator Option ......................103 6.1 Introduction..........................103 6.2 HF DF Antennas for DDF01A/E ....................104 6.3 Principle of the SSL ........................105...
  • Page 11 Manual DDF0xE 7.1 Introduction..........................131 7.2 Operation.............................131 7.2.1 Simulated Hardware......................131 7.2.2 Simulated Signals........................132 7.2.2.1 Internal Simulation ..................... 132 7.2.2.2 Recording File ......................132 7.2.2.3 Activity Files ....................... 133 7.2.2.4 Signal Scenario ......................133 4059.9097.32-12.00...
  • Page 12 DDF0xE Manual 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 13: Introduction

    Manual DDF0xE 1 Introduction 1.1 General This Manual refers to the application DDFControl, which controls the Rohde & Schwarz Direction Finder DDF0xA. These direction finders are designed for the HF, VHF and UHF frequency range and allow stationary, mobile and remote controlled operation. This document describes the application DDFControl.
  • Page 14 DDF0xE Manual 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 15: Preparation For Use

    Manual DDF0xE 2 Preparation for Use 2.1 Prerequisites The DDFControl application is designed to run on a PC under control of the operating system Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 or Windows XP. 2.2 Installation 2.2.1 Hardware The PC is connected via a 100-Mbit Ethernet interface to the Digital Processing Unit EBDxxx. If a direct connection via cross-link cable is made, ensure that the PC is set to 100 Mbit / Halfduplex.
  • Page 16 DDF0xE Manual The EBD IP address may be set using a RARP (Remote Address Resolution Protocol) server. The installation CD supplies such a server in directory “\Rarp Server”. Copy this directory to your hard disk – there is no installation procedure. The RARP server needs a table containing the MAC address of the EBD and the new IP address.
  • Page 17 Manual DDF0xE Example: 00.a0.24.19.ae.d4 192.168.1.1 This assigns IP 192.168.1.1 to MAC 00.a0.24… To determine the MAC address use the firmware update utility Update32XP in directory “\Update32XP” on the CD: • Install Update32 with setup.exe. It needs / installs WinPCAP. • Start Update32XP and select menu Update / via Ethernet…...

  • Page 18: Software

    DDF0xE Manual Example: Device Info SPI_CPLD_CTRL Version 2, Subversion 4, Release Notes for firmware 1.60 Control Board, 1.CPLD SPI: V2.04 Versions are identical – the firmware can be updated. 2.2.2 Software Install the application DDFControl. DDFControl contains the software products RAMON Basic (Logger, Configuration Serverice) and AllAudio Basic (Audio output on PC).
  • Page 19 Manual DDF0xE • Setup Type DDFControl Select always – control software for your DDF. DDFDriver Select only on following conditions: (1) you have a licence for DDF(A/E)-REM and (2) the DDF is connected to the PC on the server side. 4059.9097.32-12.00...
  • Page 20 DDF0xE Manual • Select installation parameters Set/change instance name Sets the name of the shortcut, default is DDFControl1. Change default port Changes the port used by other applications, e.g. R&S Locate, to connect to DDFControl. Connect to MapView Select if you have installed R&S MapView and want to connect directly to Mapview (not over R&S Locate).
  • Page 21 Manual DDF0xE Start AllAudio2_2_x.exe in directory \AllAudio to install AllAudio. AllAudio option basic is used to output the DDF audio on the PC. AllAudio should be installed without any installation option set: The option Hardlock is required if AllAudio license uses a dongle. AllAudio Player should only be used with the AllAudio recording option which is not included by default.

  • Page 22: Options

    DDF0xE Manual 2.3 Options There are two kinds of options which can be registered: RAMON software options and DDF hardware options. DDF hardware options registered within DDF Type Id. No Option DDF-CL 4059.9900.xx Preclassifier DDF-GSM 4059.9951.xx GSM interception (GSM DF Processor) DDF-LF 4060.0348.xx LF Extension (incl.

  • Page 23: Registering Hardware Options

    Manual DDF0xE 2.3.1 Registering Hardware Options For the registration of hardware options use the tool RsDistributor on the option CD. The options are delivered as installable files for Microsoft Windows (extension ‘rsi’). These are installed by double- clicking the file. Installing RsDistributor •...
  • Page 24 DDF0xE Manual • Select the device key you wish to install. • Select the device. Devices with serial no. 000000 do not have a device key. You can identify the correct device by its TCP address displayed as a tool tip. 4059.9097.32-12.00...
  • Page 25 Manual DDF0xE • Select Install – the device key is installed. Installing an option Option keys comes as an installable file. For an EBD660 with serial number 100025 the file name of an option file is: DeviceKey_4055.5000k02-100025.rsi • Double-click to install the file. RsDistributor displays all contained options. Select the options you wish to install and press next.
  • Page 26 DDF0xE Manual Installed options can be displayed in the Device Info dialog of the DDFControl. 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 27: Registering Software Options

    Manual DDF0xE 2.3.2 Registering Software Options All DDFControl software options are contained in DDFControl and can be enabled by entering a license key. Software options are delivered as a licence sheet containing the name of the option and the key codes. MachineId is a machine identifier which can be MAC for computer licensing or DGL for hardlock licensing (dongle).
  • Page 28 DDF0xE Manual The software licensing dialog shows the registered options as ‘true’, non-registered options as ‘false’. Use the right-hand mouse button menu: Insert Option Key… opens a dialog to enter an option key from a licence sheet. Load Option Keys from File… opens a dialog to enter the name of an options file to read one or more options from.

  • Page 29: Installation Test

    Manual DDF0xE 2.4 Installation Test • Reboot the computer. After the log-in the tray icons for Config Server and Logger appear if option RAMON Basic is installed. • If a RARP server is required start it and switch on the DDF afterwards. Then wait for the DDF to indicate “STATE_RUN”...
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  • Page 31: Operation

    Manual DDF0xE 3 Operation 3.1 Introduction The following sections describe how to operate the DDFControl software controlling the Direction Finder DDF0xE. This document does not describe the selection of proper locations for direction finders and the basics of direction finding. 3.2 Starting up The direction finder is operated via the DDFControl Graphical User Interface.
  • Page 32 DDF0xE Manual DDFControl displays the Connection dialog: Note: DDF Simulation should only be used to replay recordings and should not be run except for this purpose. Double-click on the desired "Station" to connect to a DDF or to the DDF Simulation. Select "New..." to define a new station (e.g.
  • Page 33 Manual DDF0xE When connected to the DDF the following main application default window appears. The main elements of this window are: • Title bar • Main menu • Primary and secondary toolbars • Polar display • IF panorama • Status bar 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 34: Closing The Ddfcontrol

    DDF0xE Manual 3.3 Closing the DDFControl 1st way: Select Main Menu > File > Exit. 2nd way: Click on the button in the right upper corner of the title bar. 3rd way: Double-click the button in the title bar. 3.4 Title Bar The DDFControl title bar shows the application name at the left.

  • Page 35: File Menu

    Manual DDF0xE 3.5.1 File Menu "Connect..." opens the Connect dialog: 3.5.1.1 Connect Dialog In the Connect dialog, connections to DDF devices can be selected and the connection procedure can be started. 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 36: Edit Menu

    DDF0xE Manual 3.5.2 Edit Menu “Edit Job..." opens the Job Editor. “To Job” adds the current frequency or range with all settings to the current job. “Suppress” suppresses the current frequency/range for the current job. “Un-Suppress” stops frequency/range suppression. “To Frequency adds the current frequency with all settings to the frequency store.

  • Page 37: Control Menu

    Manual DDF0xE 3.5.3 Control Menu In the Control Menu, the operation mode can be selected: • FFM (Fixed Frequency Mode) The DDF operates on one single center frequency. DF results are only processed for the center frequency. • Search mode In Search Mode the DDF searches until it detects a signal within the given level window and above the quality threshold and then supplies the DDFControl with bearing, IF and audio data as in FFM mode.

  • Page 38: Dwell Time Dialog

    DDF0xE Manual 3.5.3.1 Dwell Time Dialog This dialog is used to set the times for search operation: The DDF sets a frequency and measures its level and azimuth during the measure time to determine if the signal is active (all conditions like threshold and azimuth filters as defined in the job are valid). Then the DDF stays on an active frequency in temporary FFM for the dwell time before continuing the search.

  • Page 39: Service Menu

    Manual DDF0xE 3.5.4 Service Menu In the Service Menu the following functions can be accessed: • Calibration Calibrates the attached antennas. While the calibration is carried out, a modal splash-screen is displayed to prevent the operator from entering commands. If calibration failed or a timeout occurs, an error dialog is displayed.

  • Page 40: System Configuration

    DDF0xE Manual 3.5.4.1 System Configuration In the Location tab of the System Configuration dialog the location of the DDF can be set: • by a GPS connected to the DDF or • manually. Moreover, different location formats can be chosen. All changes made in all the System Configuration dialog tabs are accepted by clicking the OK button or discarded by clicking the Cancel button.
  • Page 41 Manual DDF0xE In the Antennas tab of the System Configuration dialog, all antennas connected to the DDF are displayed. For each antenna, the operator can • change the frequency range within the antenna’s frequency limits and converter frequency limits. • enable / disable the antenna.
  • Page 42 DDF0xE Manual Moreover, the declination can be supplied for TrueHeading calculation. Selecting the compass source for TrueHeading calculation can influence the antenna’s north offset calculation as well: An antenna which is not connected to any compass itself, gets assigned another compass.
  • Page 43 Manual DDF0xE The acoustic alarm is configured in the Alarm tab. Acoustic alarms can be enabled or not. If the acoustic alarm is enabled, the kind of sound that can be chosen is either a "Simple Beep" produced by the computer speaker or the "System default beep" produced by the operating system via the sound system.
  • Page 44 DDF0xE Manual The Software Licensing tab shows the currently active licenses. Starting with version 1.90 of the firmware, licenses can also be stored inside the DDF. In this case select Device Info...in the File menu to display them. Use File > Send to Htm file... to save the current configuration or request additional licenses. Use Edit >...
  • Page 45 Manual DDF0xE In the Special tab of the System Configuration dialog, two customizable message strings are included mainly to support notifications in remote control mode: Message to display with calibration errors: There are, for example, configurations with special HF filters between the antennas and the DDF0xE that cause calibration errors without impairing functionality.
  • Page 46 DDF0xE Manual 4059.9097.32-12.00...
  • Page 47 Manual DDF0xE Moreover, the Use Job settings for FFM option can be checked to have job definitions such as "Demodulation" and "Direction Finding" applied to FFM. If this option is unchecked (default), demodulation settings are taken from the primary toolbar, even if Job definitions are different, and direction finding settings are not defined because they can only be made in the Job (except Quality Threshold).
  • Page 48 DDF0xE Manual 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 49: Connect Settings Dialog

    Manual DDF0xE 3.5.4.2 Connect Settings Dialog In this dialog, the listed connections to DDF devices and servers can be administered. In contrast to the Connect dialog, here servers can be imported, exported, edited and deleted from the connection list. To move connection settings easily between systems, Import and Export facilities are provided to retrieve/store connection settings in a separate XML file (apart from the automatically stored system settings).
  • Page 50 DDF0xE Manual The New/Edit button in the Connect Settings dialog opens the New Connection/Edit Connection sub- dialog: The DF Station Name defines a name to be displayed for the connection. Each station name is associated with its own set of configuration data accessible in the System Configuration Dialog (antenna settings etc.).

  • Page 51: Device Info Dialog

    Manual DDF0xE 3.5.4.3 Device Info Dialog The Device Info dialog shows device parameters like SW (firmware) version and hardware revisions. It also displays DDF options installed in the firmware. Use this dialog to determine if the DDF has the required hardware versions for firmware updates. The <<...

  • Page 52: View Menu

    DDF0xE Manual 3.5.5 View Menu In the View Menu the following functions can be accessed: • Toggle Views Toggles between measurement result windows, if there is more than one window per operating mode (FFM/Search or Scan) active. • Instantaneous Replay Opens a replay window for the last 30 s (approx.) of activity.
  • Page 53 Manual DDF0xE • Scan Views menu: The Scan Views menu shows all measurement result windows that can be activated in Scan mode. • FFM/Search Views menu: The FFM/Search Views menu shows all measurement result windows that can be activated in the FFM and Search mode.

  • Page 54: Color Definition Dialog

    DDF0xE Manual 3.5.5.1 Color Definition Dialog With this dialog the user can create new colorsets and add them to the predefined colors. Waterfall Colors There are 3 sets of user-defined waterfall colors: ‘User defined (n)’. • Select the waterfall color set to change. •...
  • Page 55 Manual DDF0xE Common Colors The tab Common Colors is used to define fixed colors of the user interface, e.g. the text or background colors. • Select the element you want to change e.g. Drawpane for the background. • Select the color to be used, e.g. white. •...

  • Page 56: Extras Menu

    DDF0xE Manual 3.5.6 Extras Menu This menu opens some tool bars: • Single Station Locator (option) opens the SSL toolbar, see option • Handover Bar opens the Master-Slave-Handover toolbar (optional). 3.5.7 Help Menu In the Help Menu, • Manual... Shows this manual. •...
  • Page 57 Manual DDF0xE The Info dialog displays information on copyright, software versions, DDF components, firmware version and the installed software options. 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 58: Job Editor

    DDF0xE Manual 3.6 Job Editor 3.6.1 Overview The job editor shows all parameters for a job. A job (also called Device Control Definition, DCD) is displayed as a tree structure with all job elements in the job navigator (left). On the right an edit-window displays the parameters that can be edited for the currently selected job element.

  • Page 59: Quick Start

    Manual DDF0xE 3.6.2 Quick Start 1. Select New Job… in the DDF File menu (or Edit Job… / F5 in the Edit menu). The job editor is displayed. 2. Select Frequency Definitions in the job navigator (left). 3. Enter the frequency range that is to be scanned. 4.

  • Page 60: Reference

    DDF0xE Manual 3.6.3 Reference Each job (DCD) consists of • a number of Device Control Sets (DCS) and • a single default Parameter Set (like the detection set containing the bandwidth for scanning). A DCS consists of • one or more Frequency Definitions and •...
  • Page 61 Manual DDF0xE Parameter Sets contain all parameters for scan, search or FFM. Parameter Sets form a hierarchy as follows: • FD parameter set (highest) • DCD (job) parameter set (lowest) Lowest Highest When a job is loaded, the parameters of the highest set available are used, i.e. when an FD parameter set is available this is used, then the DCD set.
  • Page 62 DDF0xE Manual 2. Demodulation: Demodulation (FFM and search) parameters • Bandwidth: Demodulation (audio) bandwidth • Demodulation • BFO for CW demodulation • Gain Control Mode: Level for MGC, Decay for AGC Note: Gain control is a global front end parameter. For Scan it is set once while loading the job.
  • Page 63 Manual DDF0xE 3. Direction Finding: DF parameters Scan: • Quality Threshold: Minimum quality required for a signal for bearing calculation • Enabled Azimuth and elevation ranges 4059.9097.32-12.00...
  • Page 64 DDF0xE Manual 4. DF Search: DF parameters for search and FFM • DF Bandwidth (Search, FFM): Bandwidth used for FFM and search (same as resolution bandwidth for scan, but in FFM there may be more bandwidths available). • DF Average Time: Averaging •...
  • Page 65 Manual DDF0xE Alarms: Alarm parameters • On Activity Begin: By enabling this option, alarms are generated on every new signal activity in the given frequency definition. • On Activity End: Alarms are generated when previously active signals in the given frequency definition have ended.

  • Page 66: Primary Toolbar

    DDF0xE Manual 3.7 Primary Toolbar The DDFControl primary toolbar allows convenient access to the main settings of the DDF. Current Cursor Frequency Frequency Store History The primary toolbar provides access to the settings listed below: Frequency with store and history •...
  • Page 67 Manual DDF0xE Audio settings • Audio on/off – audio is played using AllAudio. If there is no audio (e.g. DDF window in AllAudio closed, AllAudio restarted) click this button twice to activate the DDF in AllAudio. • Audio squelch – the squelch level is set in the IF panorama (and is independent of the threshold).

  • Page 68: Secondary Toolbars

    DDF0xE Manual 3.8 Secondary Toolbars The secondary toolbars provide access to the following dialogs, settings and functions: Connect Connect dialog – connect to another DDF. Services Type of service Channel down Channel up Channel number Channel found Channel tuning – set the service and click the left or right arrows to tune a channel down or up. There are two types of service: (1) a service consisting of a range (start, stop frequency) and a channel bandwidth.
  • Page 69 Manual DDF0xE Delete Save Edit Open Order Remember to save the definition when changing it – there is no automatic save! Edit dialog for a service: Edit dialog for a channel: GSM – optional, see option GSM in the supplement 4059.9097.32-12.00...
  • Page 70 DDF0xE Manual Control Control operating mode (Stop, FFM, WFFM, Search, Scan) • Stop – DDF is stopped. All other buttons in the group (except search) will return to stop if clicked twice. • FFM – DDF is in single frequency mode with FFM displays: polar display etc. and demodulation. •...
  • Page 71 Manual DDF0xE Edit Job - opens the job editor. To Job – adds the selected frequency or range to the current job. Suppress – adds the selected frequency or range as suppressed (skipped) to the current job. To Frequency Store – adds the selected frequency to the frequency store. Zoom View functions: Toggle Views –...
  • Page 72 DDF0xE Manual Handover RAMON MasterSlave Handover (optional) Note that the buttons ‘Automatic Handover’ and ‘Activity Time’ are controlled by an entry in the System Configuration, tab Configuration: ‘AutoHandoffButton’. If this is set, the buttons are available. Automatic Handover – Manual (not set), Auto (Automatic Handover), A+M (Automatic and Manual Handover): If set to automatic, all frequencies above the threshold are handed over to a receiver (or pool) which is set to couple mode.

  • Page 73: Status Bar

    Manual DDF0xE 3.9 Status Bar On its left half, the status bar shows echo messages for functions, invoked by the operator (menu entries, buttons, function keys and status messages). On the right half the following buttons are shown: State: the current state or mode of the DDFControl is shown. States and modes can be: •...

  • Page 74: Device Status Dialog

    DDF0xE Manual 3.9.1 Device Status Dialog The Device Status dialog is a non-modal dialog, which can be kept open all the time. All messages since application start are accumulated. The most recent message is shown at the top. If not open, the dialog pops up with every fresh warning or error. 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 75: Presentation Of Df Results

    Manual DDF0xE 4 Presentation of DF Results DF results in FFM (Fixed Frequency Mode) are presented on several different displays: • Polar Display • Azimuth / Elevation Histogram • Azimuth / Elevation Waterfall • IF-Spectrum / IF-Waterfall DF results in Scan mode are presented on the following displays: •...

  • Page 76: Ffm Displays

    DDF0xE Manual 4.1 FFM Displays 4.1.1 Polar Display The main task of the Polar Display is the “online” presentation of the current bearing. Azimuth Direction in Bearing Quality Bar with Bearing Quality North Related View Quality Threshold Marker Value Signal Level as Bar and Value with Level...
  • Page 77 Manual DDF0xE Settings of the polar display: Azimuth: show 1/10 degree enables display of 1/10 degree for the azimuth. (Please note that the accuracy of a DF system depends on location, antenna, surroundings etc.) Bearing Persistence sets how long a bearing is displayed after the signal gets inactive when the DF Mode is ‘Normal’...

  • Page 78: Azimuth / Elevation Histogram

    DDF0xE Manual Set the appearance of the polar display for mobile DF platforms like vehicles or ships. This requires a compass connected to the DDF and enabled (otherwise the display is changed, but the results are always the same). The polar display viewing azimuth angles relative to vehicle axis has a red-green surrounding and the north direction is indicated with a short blue line).
  • Page 79 Manual DDF0xE Additional rulers can be added or deactivated by right clicking on the degree scale (X-Axis) within the azimuth histogram. Three rulers are available. Properties sets the X-Axis range. By right clicking in the azimuth histogram display the following popup menu appears: Azimuth Value sets the mode for the current azimuth (yellow marker) which is also used for SSL: •...

  • Page 80: Azimuth / Elevation Waterfall

    DDF0xE Manual 4.1.3 Azimuth / Elevation Waterfall The purpose of the azimuth / elevation waterfall is to get an overview of the bearings of incoming signals as a function of the time. The vertical axis has a time scale; the horizontal axis is the azimuth range from 0° to 360°. The white ruler can be set to a certain time on the scale to adjust the average time for the histogram.

  • Page 81: Elevation Over Azimuth Display

    Manual DDF0xE 4.1.4 Elevation over Azimuth Display The purpose of the Elevation over Azimuth Display and its connected waterfall is, to give the operator an imagination of the motion of the target, relative to the direction finder. The most recent azimuth and elevation of the target can be seen in the lower window as the newest and brightest dot.
  • Page 82 DDF0xE Manual If a target is not moving (relative to the DF), the Elevation over Azimuth window shows a cloud of bright dots (see below). cloud (means target is not moving) 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 83: If Panorama And If Waterfallif Panorama And If Waterfall

    Manual DDF0xE 4.1.5 IF Panorama and IF WaterfallIF Panorama and IF Waterfall The purpose of the IF Panorama is to display the spectrum of the intermediate frequency signal in FFM mode. The vertical axis of the IF-Spectrum shows the level scale of the IF signal. You can zoom to a level subrange by marking a range on the vertical axis with the left mouse button.

  • Page 84: Scan / Wffm Displays

    DDF0xE Manual 4.2 Scan / WFFM Displays In scan and WFFM mode the DDFControl application offers the following displays: • DF Spectrum display • DF Waterfall display • DF Azimuth display • DF Elevation display 4.2.1 Spectrum Display Figure 4-1 RF Spectrum Display In the RF spectrum the user may •...
  • Page 85 Manual DDF0xE In the following the operations available in the RF spectrum are described in detail. Setting the frequency ruler: • Select an interesting signal in the RF spectrum display. • Use the left-hand mouse button to click into the RF spectrum display in order to set the yellow vertical frequency ruler.
  • Page 86 DDF0xE Manual Figure 4-3 Frequency Range Selection There are two ways to delete the range selection: • Use the Escape key to delete the range selection. • Click into the RF spectrum with the left-hand mouse button. The vertical orange rulers will disappear and the yellow frequency ruler will be set.
  • Page 87 Manual DDF0xE Un-zooming the frequency axis: • Click on the RF frequency scale with the right-hand mouse button. • Click on the UnZoom X-Axis entry of the pop-up menu. Figure 4-5 Frequency-Axis Context Menu • The frequency axis can be un-zoomed in several steps. •...
  • Page 88 DDF0xE Manual Figure 4-6 Level Zoom • The level axis is zoomed by releasing the mouse button. The level axis can be zoomed in several steps. Un-zooming the level axis: • Click on the RF level scale while using the right-hand mouse button. •...
  • Page 89 Manual DDF0xE • Both rulers can be dragged with the left-hand mouse button. • The selection can be canceled by clicking (left-hand mouse button) into the RF spectrum or by pressing the Escape key. Figure 4-9 Level Measurement Setting the horizontal and vertical rulers for area selection: •...
  • Page 90 DDF0xE Manual • Use the Up arrow key of the keyboard to set the yellow reference frequency ruler to the next active signal with local maximum level in the right-hand direction, starting at the current position of the frequency ruler. •...
  • Page 91 Manual DDF0xE • Comb shows the RF Spectrum with numerous single lines arranged like a comb • Line connects adjacent Frequency Amplitude Values with a continuous line • Step shows horizontal lines within every single frequency range • Fill fills the entire area under the curve in the RF-Spectrum •...
  • Page 92 DDF0xE Manual Figure 4-13 Hold Max as Shadow and with Minimum (White Dots) With the Frequency Range properties the user can choose the xmin and xmax frequency range displayed in the spectrum and waterfall display. Setting the range of the RF frequency axis: •...
  • Page 93 Manual DDF0xE Figure 4-15 Level Range Properties Dialog • Enter the lower value of the RF level axis (display values from (min)). • Enter the upper value of the RF level axis (to (max)). • Click on the Apply button and on the OK button. Loupe An RF detail display (channel section) is available through the Context Menu of the spectrum by selecting ‘Loupe’.
  • Page 94 DDF0xE Manual Auto Threshold By default the Auto Threshold option is disabled. A white line is drawn in the spectrum display which indicates the optical threshold ruler. The user may drag this line with the mouse button for changing the threshold value immediately.

  • Page 95: Waterfall Display

    Manual DDF0xE 4.2.2 Waterfall Display Waterfall time equals Stopp time Waterfall Stopp button Time axis Level coloring Time sliders Frequency Frequency Frequency Frequency scale Label min range max range value value Figure 4-19 RF Waterfall Display In the RF waterfall all active frequencies of the RF spectrum over a certain period of time are displayed in form of a waterfall.
  • Page 96 DDF0xE Manual By selecting a signal in the waterfall display the waterfall is stopped and the signal’s data is displayed in the waterfall header: Figure 4-20: signal’s data in the waterfall header Stop: Waterfall can be stopped by clicking on its stop button in the right upper corner of the waterfall display.
  • Page 97 Manual DDF0xE Waterfall Properties: The waterfall properties are available through the properties dialog via the context menu. The following properties can be chosen: • Waterfall (Speed) • Colors Setting the waterfall properties: • Click into the waterfall display (right-hand mouse button). •...
  • Page 98 DDF0xE Manual Tab Colors With these properties the user can choose different predefined colorsets for the RF displays or define all colors individually. Selecting the colors of the RF waterfall display: • Click into the waterfall display (right-hand mouse button). •...

  • Page 99: Df Azimuth And Elevation Display

    Manual DDF0xE 4.2.3 DF Azimuth and Elevation Display Figure 4-24 DF Azimuth and Elevation Display The DF Elevation display is only available when the DDF antenna supports elevation (HF correlation antennas). All display functions available in the RF spectrum and waterfall display (e.g. Zooming, Ruler and Marker Handling, Area Selections, Measurement, Histograms, etc.) are also valid for these displays.

  • Page 100: Azimuth And Elevation Histogram

    DDF0xE Manual 4.2.4 Azimuth and Elevation Histogram For azimuth and elevation a histogram display is available through the context menu of the spectrum / azimuth by selecting ‘Histogram’. Figure 4-26 Azimuth Histogram The histogram integration time can be changed via the properties dialog 'Histogram' tab displayed by clicking (right-hand mouse button) on the histogram in the following range: Figure 4-27 RF Histogram Properties Dialog (Integration Time) 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 101: Scan Windrose

    Manual DDF0xE 4.2.5 Scan Windrose The purpose of Scan Windrose is to show SCAN data in a windrose diagramm. The level-, quality-, and elevation-bar are similar to those of the FFM Polar Display (see there). elevation bar quality bar level bar ageing scale selected frequency frequency axis...
  • Page 102 DDF0xE Manual - Azimuth: show 1/10 degree: Azimuth value can be set to be more accurate, showing 1/10 degrees (Please note that the accuracy of a DF system depends on location, antenna, surroundings etc.) - Bearing Persistence: Select the aging time of the results. After this time a result (white dot) will disappear if no new result takes its place.

  • Page 103: Remote Control Option

    Manual DDF0xE 5 Remote Control Option 5.1 Introduction The options DDFA-REM or DDFE-REM allow to remotely control direction finders DDF0xA or DDF0xE, respectively, over a (potentially) slow wide area network connection. It performs data reduction, decoupling in case of too much data and audio compression. Two computers are required for remote control: the remote computer to connect the direction finder and the remote-control computer to start the user interface DDFControl.

  • Page 104: Connection

    DDF0xE Manual • System settings: To ensure that the computer restarts after an error in the operating system, the operating system has to be configured accordingly: Click on the variable "Path" and enter the installation path, e.g. C:\DDFCONTROL. Click on "Startup/Shutdown" in Control Panel/System. Click on option "Automatically reboot".
  • Page 105 Manual DDF0xE Selecting a connection For selecting a connection click on the DDF name (and only there - Windows convention). The name is displayed in inverse video. Automatic connection takes place by clearing the setting ‘Show Connect dialog at program startup’ (see 5.5 Multiple Start).

  • Page 106: Defining Ddf Stations

    DDF0xE Manual 5.2.1 Defining DDF Stations By pressing "Edit..." or "New..." in the Connection dialog the window "New Connection" appears. If a connection was selected (the button inscription is "Edit..."), the data of this connection will be displayed. A new connection can be established by clicking on an empty area of the connection dialog (the inscription of the button will change to "New").

  • Page 107: Changing The Connection During Operation

    Manual DDF0xE • Remote Connection Speed: Defines the maximum bandwidth available on the remote network connection between remote computer and remote-control computer. Based on this setting audio compression and refresh rate of the FFM IF-spectrum is adjusted to allow proper operation with the limited bandwidth of the remote network connection.

  • Page 108: Multiple Start And Automatic Connections

    DDF0xE Manual 5.5 Multiple Start and Automatic Connections DDFControl can be started several times to control multiple remotely connected DDFs. With the DDFControl installation setup you can create up to four DDFControls. These will be named DDFControl1 to DDFControl4. For each DDFControl all settings like "position of DDFControl window", "last loaded job", etc. are saved separately and restored after a restart.

  • Page 109: Single-Station-Locator Option

    Manual DDF0xE 6 Single-Station-Locator Option 6.1 Introduction The Single Station Locator (SSL) is an extension of DDFControl. It permits to detect the position of unknown transmitters in the HF frequency range, provided the direction finder uses the correlation/interferometer principle. DDFControl and SSL working with the R&S Direction Finders DDF0xA and DDF0xE.

  • Page 110: Hf Df Antennas For Ddf01A/E

    DDF0xE Manual 6.2 HF DF Antennas for DDF01A/E Single Station Location (SSL) can only be performed if the direction finder does not only deliver the azimuth but also the elevation result. This means that in this case the HF Direction Finders DDF01A/E have to be operated in the correlative interferometer mode.

  • Page 111: Principle Of The Ssl

    Manual DDF0xE 6.3 Principle of the SSL The Single Station Locator is a method for locating an HF transmitter with only one HF direction finder. This method is used whenever only one direction finder is available, the link to the second direction finder is interrupted or the position of the direction finders in a triangulation network is unsuitable for position location (topography of a country).

  • Page 112: Ionospheric Characteristics

    DDF0xE Manual 6.4 Ionospheric Characteristics The SSL works with a model of the ionosphere that needs current data. You can get these parameters in several ways: • From the integrated database (CCIR Atlas of ionospheric characteristics, Report 340). These parameters are based on average values per month. The ionospheric data calculated therefrom may considerably deviate from the current data encountered.

  • Page 113: Bradley/Dudeney Model

    Manual DDF0xE 6.4.1 Bradley/Dudeney Model The integrated SSL-algorithm is based on the Bradley/Dudeney Model. Geocentric distance RmF2 YmF2 F2-Layer (parabolic) RbF2 F1-Layer (linear) E-Layer (parabolic) Frequency 1.7FoE FoF2 Figure 6-3: Quasi-parabolic and quasi-linear segments of the Bradley/Dudeney model • Ro: earth radius •...

  • Page 114: Ionospheric Characteristics Required For Ssl

    DDF0xE Manual 6.4.2 Ionospheric Characteristics Required for SSL Attention: You have to know the following ionospheric data for using the SSL correctly: • E-Layer critical frequency: The maximum frequency in MHz which will be reflected by the E-Layer. Enter 0, if the E-Layer does not exist (i.e.

  • Page 115: Procedures

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5 Procedures 6.5.1 Quick Start This is a short introduction to SSL. Figure 6-4: SSL window 4059.9097.32-12.00...
  • Page 116 DDF0xE Manual The DDFControl offers histogram and waterfall displays for azimuth and elevation. Select <Azimuth/Elevation Histogram> from <Toggle Views> menu. View/Hide SSL Toolbar Use the SSL button to show or hide the SSL toolbar. If the SSL toolbar is displayed, the rectangle on the button changes to green.
  • Page 117 Manual DDF0xE A criterion for using the <Current> mode is that the bearing quality at a given time is good. In the <Current> and <Histogram> modes the current cursor position for azimuth and elevation has no influence on the result of position location. SSL calculation is done automatically for every change of azimuth/elevation values.

  • Page 118: Ssl Toolbar

    DDF0xE Manual If you know the current number of sunspots or if you have information where a transmitter is expected, you can improve the results by calculating the parameters in the Calculate IONOSPHERIC DATA dialog. This calculation can be done with or without database. If you know the position of a transmitter the region of interest, transmitting with nearly the same frequency, you may improve your ionospheric parameters by doing a calibration.

  • Page 119: Performing A Single Station Location

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.2.3 Performing a Single Station Location The operator has to set frequency, bandwidth, etc. as described in chapter 3. Prior to enabling SSL, the operator has to switch the DDFControl over to the Azimuth/Elevation view to get these displays: •...

  • Page 120: Ssl Toolbar Popup Menu

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.2.6 SSL Toolbar Popup Menu This menu appears by clicking the arrow on the SSL toolbar. It offers the following entries: • Off: disable SSL calculation (same as SSL button) • On: enable SSL calculation (same as SSL button) •...

  • Page 121: Ionospheric Data Dialog

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.3 Ionospheric Data Dialog In the Ionospheric Data dialog you can change the ionospheric parameters. It is possible to change the parameters manually, or to calculate new values. Changes will influence the result of the single station location finding in the SSL toolbar. Figure 6-6: Ionospheric Data dialog 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 122: Input Variables

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.3.1 Input Variables When SSL is started, the last used values for the ionospheric data are read from the configuration file. The time of the last update is displayed in the last line of the dialog. You can change the values of your data by: •...

  • Page 123: Buttons

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.3.3 Buttons The SSL Settings dialog offers the following buttons: • OK: You will return to the SSL toolbar after clicking this button. All changes of the ionospheric data are stored. • Cancel: You will return to the SSL toolbar after clicking this button. All changes of the ionospheric data will be lost.

  • Page 124: Calculate Ionospheric Data

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.4 Calculate Ionospheric Data If the operator knows the Sun Spot Number, or if information is available about the place where a transmitter is expected, the results of the calculation can be improved. The calculation may be performed with or without database. The calculated ionospheric data bases on average values per month.

  • Page 125: Input Variables

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.4.1 Input Variables • Sun Spot Number: The sun spot number may be changed by using the arrow keys. Limits: 0-400 Default: 50 See (http://www.kc4cop.bizland.com/12_14_Solar_Cycle_sunspot.gif) for current smoothed monthly sunspot number • Expected Transmitter Position: If the user has some information on the region where the transmitter is expected, a position of the region can be entered in this field (in GEO or NATO UTM format).

  • Page 126: Error Messages

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.4.4 Error Messages Error messages of the CALCULATE IONOSPHERIC DATA dialog and their meaning: Error message Meaning Action Expected transmitter position The expected transmitter position is Enter new position. not possible illegal. Sun Spot Number: 0 to 400 Range of sunspot numbers Correct value.

  • Page 127: Ssl Calibration

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.5 SSL Calibration In the SSL Calibration dialog you can perform a calibration to improve the values of the ionospheric data. To perform a calibration you have to know the exact position of a transmitter. This reference station should be in the region of interest and its emissions should have nearly the same frequency. Like performing a Single Location Finding in the Manual mode, you have to select the azimuth and elevation values by moving the cursors in the histogram displays of the DDFControl.

  • Page 128: Input Variables

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.5.1 Input Variables The operator has to select input variables that make sense, otherwise it is not possible to perform a calibration. • Reference Station Position: A reference station has to be selected before the calibration can be performed.

  • Page 129: Error Messages

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.5.4 Error Messages Error messages of the SSL CALIBRATION dialog and their meaning: Error message Meaning Action You have to select a reference A reference station has not yet been Select reference station. station before you can start a selected.

  • Page 130: Select Reference Station

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.6 Select Reference Station You can choose a reference station for a calibration. Up to 20 reference stations can be stored in this dialog. You can create new entries and edit or delete existing entries. The selected transmitter is displayed in the last row of the dialog.

  • Page 131: Buttons

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.6.2 Buttons The SELECT REFERENCE STATION dialog offers the following buttons: • New...: Opens the EDIT REFERENCE STATION dialog. You can add a new entry to the reference station list. Attention: It is not possible to have more than 20 reference stations in the list! •...

  • Page 132: Edit Reference Station

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.7 Edit Reference Station With the EDIT REFERENCE STATION dialog new entries can be added to the known emitter list or parameters of entries of the known emitter list can be edited. Figure 6-10: Reference Station Settings dialog 4059.9097.32-12.00...

  • Page 133: Input Variables

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.7.1 Input Variables • Name: Name of the reference station. • Frequency: Frequency of the reference station in MHz. Limits: 0.001 to 30.0 MHz • Position: Position of the reference station in GEO or NATO-UTM format • Comment: Comment about the transmitter Note: The position information in the GEO format should comprise: •...

  • Page 134: Buttons

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.7.3 Buttons The EDIT REFERENCE STATION dialog offers the following buttons: • OK: Looks if the parameters of the reference station are within their limits. If no error occurred, the EDIT REFERENCE STATION dialog closes. A new entry or an entry with changed parameters is displayed in the reference station list of the SELECT REFERENCE STATION dialog.

  • Page 135: Ssl Settings

    Manual DDF0xE 6.5.8 SSL Settings The BASIC SETTINGS dialog contains general information that is needed for SSL. You have to enter the settings before you start working the first time. Figure 6-11: Basic Settings dialog 6.5.8.1 Input • DF-Location: The position where the direction finder is located is displayed in GEO or NATO-UTM format.

  • Page 136: Buttons

    DDF0xE Manual 6.5.8.2 Buttons • OK: Checks if the position has the right format and if the time difference is within its limits. If no error occurred, the BASIC SETTINGS dialog is closed and the parameters are accepted • Cancel: Closes the BASIC SETTINGS dialog. Changes in the dialog are ignored. •...

  • Page 137: Ddf Simulation

    Manual DDF0xE 7 DDF Simulation 7.1 Introduction For training purposes and for analyzing recordings off-line there is the ‘DDF Simulation’. DDF Simulation is installed with DDFControl. DDF Simulation simulates the presence of a DDF hardware (EBD, ET, antennas and GPS). NOTE: DDF Simulation should only be used to replay recordings and should not be run except for this purpose.

  • Page 138: Simulated Signals

    DDF0xE Manual Use the Expand>> button to display the DDF Simulation status. 7.2.2 Simulated Signals The simulation can select several simulation data sources for scanning. 7.2.2.1 Internal Simulation In the FFM mode the internal simulation creates an activity on the set channel for 10 seconds, then pauses 5 seconds.

  • Page 139: Activity Files

    Manual DDF0xE 7.2.2.3 Activity Files Activity files are older recordings of signals supplied as samples with the installation. Open the file as described above. The files are located in the DDFControl installation directory, subdirectory ‘Actfiles’. Then switch to scan mode. 7.2.2.4 Signal Scenario A software signal scenario generator ‘SimulationSignals’...

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