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Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual

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Cyclades-PC400
Installation Manual
Cyclades Corporation

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Summary of Contents for Cyclades PC400

  • Page 1 Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual Cyclades Corporation...
  • Page 2 FCC Warning Statement: The Cyclades-PC400 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    What to Do When the PC400 is Not Recognized by the Operating System... 28 How to Test if the PC400 is Functioning ... 28 What to Do if the PC400 is Detected by the Computer, but Does Not Function as Expected..28 Hardware Test ... 29 Administrative Utilities ...
  • Page 4 The Routing Table ... 36 ssh - The Secure Shell Session ... 37 The Process Table ... 38 Loading the Configuration File ... 38 Syslog ... 39 The Crond Utility... 39 The DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Client ... 40 Packet Filtering using ipchains ...

  • Page 5: Chapter 1 What Is In The Box

    (for digital connections). One cable per channel is provided for connection of the board to a T1/E1 line. A diskette containing the PC400 driver is also included, and its use is described in chapter 3. Upgrades of Software and Manuals This product is provided with a printed Installation Manual.

  • Page 6: Chapter 2 Hardware Installation

    CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION The body carries static electricity and if the person installing the PC400 is not correctly grounded, the board could suffer irreversible damage. Please follow the instructions outlined below carefully to avoid harming the board. Step One: Unplug the computer and remove all cables connecting the computer to other devices.
  • Page 7 Step Three: Be careful to not touch any components inside the computer’s chassis, as they also can be damaged by static electricity. Confirm that the wrist-strap is grounded. If a wrist-strap is not available, touch a non-painted, metallic part of a computer plugged in to a wall outlet to remove any excess charge. Remove the board from its anti-static packaging, being careful to not touch the components or metal parts of the board.
  • Page 8 Step Four: Insert the board carefully into any unused PCI slot so that the external connector is aligned with the opening in the back of the computer. Make sure that the board does not touch any metallic parts of the interior of the computer.

  • Page 9: Chapter 3 Software Installation

    CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION The PC400 driver diskette contains the files needed to run the Cyclades-PC400 in a Linux environment. This driver should run without problems with all processors supported by Linux. However, Ix86-compatible architectures are the only platforms officially supported by Cyclades.
  • Page 10 /usr/local/lib/pc400.bin If an older version of the PC400 driver already exists, the files pc400.c and pc400.h are backed up with modified names in the same directory. If a newer version is already installed, the files will not be updated with those of the older driver.
  • Page 11 Linux distributions the default Linux kernel is placed in /vmlinuz and then loaded from there. For these distributions, build the kernel by executing the command: make bzlilo If the PC400 driver or any other part of the Linux system was compiled as a module (M above), execute the command make bzlilo modules modules_install...

  • Page 12: Chapter 4 Board And System Configuration

    STEP ONE If the PC400 driver was compiled as a module and it is desired that the driver be autoloaded when a PC400 device is accessed, add the lines below to /etc/conf.modules (or /etc/modules.conf, depending on...
  • Page 13 Interface parameters set T1/E1-line specific parameters such as clock mode and signalling type. • Channel parameters define groups of channels (time slots) within a T1/E1 line. • Logical link parameters set link information such as telephone number and connection type. •...
  • Page 14 Parameters that define and apply to this logical link interfn_1_end interfn_N_begin Parameters that define and apply to this logical link interf1_N_end interf1_end interf2_begin Parameters that configure T1/E1 Interface 2, when present channel_group_begin Parameters that define and apply to this channel (time slot) channel_group_end channel_group_begin Parameters that define and apply to this channel (time slot)
  • Page 15 (first parameter), line, debug, user, system, modem or a combination of them using “|” (second parameter) and sys, alert, critical, error, warning, normal, info or dbg (third parameter). A space should appear between each of the three parameters, but not within a parameter.
  • Page 16 Parameters that define customized ISDN-PRI profiles. Label Description cnx_profile_begin Up to 5 different ranges for cnx_profile can be configured. phone The first phone number of the range with this profile. It should not exceed 30 characters and "none" specifies the null string. size_range The number of phone numbers in the range with this profile.
  • Page 17 Applies only when the CAS signaling mode is chosen. The possible values are dtmf and mfr1 (for T1) and dtmf, mfr2c, mfr2nc and mfr2sc (for E1). country Specificies the location of the PC400 if CAS signaling mode is being used. The options are usa, brazil, mexico, romania, india, and itu. block_collect Valid only for CAS in Brazil.
  • Page 18 Valid only for CAS in Brazil. Valid values are 20-255, in units of a fraction of a second. When the PC400 answers an incoming call it waits for the period defined by answer2_timer, then it hangs up. Next, it waits the period defined by onhook_timer and reconnects.
  • Page 19 The options of this command are given in appendix A. STEP THREE Edit one of the rc files (e.g. /etc/rc.d/rc.local) to include a call to the PC400´s firmware loader and con- figuration utility (so that the firmware and current configuration are loaded on boot): Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration FIG.
  • Page 20 [ -x /usr/local/sbin/pc400load ]; then /usr/local/sbin/pc400load # PC400 Configuration Download if [ -x /usr/local/sbin/pc400util ]; then /usr/local/sbin/pc400util -p STEP FOUR Reboot the system and inspect the boot messages. The driver should report the PC400 boards detected. Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration...

  • Page 21: Guided Examples For The Most Common Applications

    STEP FIVE Enable the ports of the Cyclades-PC400 as you would with any standard serial port. Edit /etc/inittab to enable getty and configure the PPP/SLIP scripts. The site www.netlinos.org (Documentation->Tutorials->Remote Access) has an example of how to set up a digital RAS using the PC400 and the software package portslave.

  • Page 22: Example 1 A Ras Dial-In Application With Both Analog And Digital Incoming Calls

    FIGURE 4.7 EXAMPLE OF A RAS DIAL-IN APPLICATION Sample pc400.cfg files are provided on the driver diskette for the RAS dial-in application, in the directory Config_Sample. If you have a T1 line, use the file 2t1cas.cfg as a reference, if your line is E1, use the file 2e1cas.cfg.
  • Page 23 Applies only to T1 lines. Ask the service provider. signaling_mode Can be pri (ISDN), cas or none. FIGURE 4.8 RAS DIAL-IN APPLICATION PARAMETERS Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration Value for T1 Value for E1 line line PC400 PC400 Select option Select option ==> ==> 0x1b 0x1b super...
  • Page 24 Parameter Description rx_sensitivity Sensitivity for reception. companding_mode There are two options each for T1 and E1 lines. Ask the service provider. signaling_type Applies when CAS signaling mode is used. Ask the service provider. signaling_tone Applies when CAS signaling mode is used. Ask the service provider.

  • Page 25: Example 2 A Lan-To-Lan Example Using Channels

    FIGURE 4.9 EXAMPLE OF A MULTIPLE LAN-TO-LAN APPLICATION The example shown above would be configured using the channelized profile. Sample pc400.cfg files are pro- vided on the driver diskette for the LAN-to-LAN application, in the directory Config_Sample. If you have a T1 line, use the file 2t1chan3.cfg as a reference, if your line is E1, use the file 2e1chan3.cfg.
  • Page 26 Can be pri (ISDN), cas or none. FIGURE 4.10 MULTIPLE LAN-TO-LAN APPLICATION PARAMETERS Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration Value for T1 Value for E1 line line PC400 PC400 Select option Select option ==> ==> 0x1b 0x1b super...
  • Page 27 Parameter Description rx_sensitivity Sensitivity for reception. channel_group_begin Definition of first channel group. channels Channels in first group. channel_group_end End of definition of first channel group. channel_group_begin Definition of second channel group. channels Channels in second group. channel_group_end End of definition of second channel group. interf1_end End of first interface parameters interf2_begin...

  • Page 28: Chapter 5 Troubleshooting

    Make sure the remote machine is up by accessing it from another computer before following the directions below. What to Do if the PC400 is Detected by the Computer, but Does Not Function as Expected. • Is the cable properly connected and is the correct cable being used? •...

  • Page 29: Hardware Test

    A menu-driven hardware test called pc400hwtest is included with the Cyclades-PC400 driver. It is executed by typing pc400hwtest at the command line. Note that the PC400 should not be tested while in use as the test will inactivate all ports. First, RAM integrity is checked: [root@cyclades common]# ./pc400hwtest...
  • Page 30 Cyclades-PC400 After choosing one of the first three options, the “global” screen appears as shown below: Global Test DSP Board --------------------------------------------------- <ESC> - Previous Menu <G> - Global <E> - Errors Typing E will bring up the “errors” screen as shown below:...
  • Page 31 Cyclades-PC400 Board Port <---- PACKETS ---> Test : DSP From To From --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 <-> 1 <-> 33 1 <-> 1 <-> 34 1 <-> 1 <-> 35 1 <-> 1 <-> 36 1 <-> 1 <-> 37 1 <-> 1 <->...

  • Page 32: Administrative Utilities

    Cyclades-PC400 Administrative Utilities A program called pc400util is used for administrative functions. It is executed by typing pc400util at the command line with the following options: pc400util -<g|p|s|S|i|-a<up|down>> [-d device] [-f <file|default>] [-t <MMDDYYYYHHMMSS|system>] The options are described in more detail in the list below:...

  • Page 33: Appendix A Information For Users Not Familiar With Linux

    Cyclades-PC400 APPENDIX A INFORMATION FOR USERS NOT FAMILIAR WITH LINUX Users and Passwords A username and password are necessary to log in to a Linux system. A unique password should be configured as soon as possible to avoid unauthorized access to your network.

  • Page 34: Basic File Manipulation Commands

    Cyclades-PC400 /home Contains the work directories of system users. /bin Contains applications and utilities used during system initialization. /dev Contains files for devices and ports. /etc Contains configuration files specific to the operating system. /lib Contains shared libraries. /proc Contains process information /mnt Contains information about mounted disks.

  • Page 35: The Vi Editor

    Cyclades-PC400 Other commands allow the user to change directories and see the contents of a directory. Supplies the name of the current directory. While logged in, the user is always "in" a directory. The default initial directory is the user's home directory, /home/<username>...

  • Page 36: The Routing Table

    Cyclades-PC400 edited, use the following keys: moves the cursor to the left (left arrow) moves the cursor to the next line (down arrow) moves the cursor to the previous line (up arrow) moves the cursor to the right (right arrow) Having arrived at the location where text should be changed, use these commands to modify the text (note commands “i”...

  • Page 37: Ssh - The Secure Shell Session

    Cyclades-PC400 netstat -rn Type man netstat at the Linux prompt for more informations about netstat options. Routes should be added to the file /proc/net/route or at the prompt (for temporary routes) using the following syntax: route [add|del] [-net|-host] target netmask nt_msk [gw gt_way ] interf [add|del] one of these tags must be present -- routes can be either added or deleted.

  • Page 38: The Process Table

    Cyclades-PC400 The Process Table The process table shows which processes are running and is displayed by tying ps -a. An example is given below. STAT 3361 tty11 11915 pts/0 11926 pts/0 Use the kill command to delete a process. For example, kill -9 3361 would kill the login process above.

  • Page 39: Syslog

    -l <facility> : where <facility> is a number between 0 and 7, indicates the local_level it sends Syslog messages generated by the PC400 firmware to the Syslogd running on the Linux server. It can also be initialized using the rc.local file described later.

  • Page 40: The Dhcp (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Client

    Cyclades-PC400 status (active or inactive) - if this item is not active, the script will not be executed. • user - the process will be run with the privileges of this user, who must be a valid local user. •...

  • Page 41: Packet Filtering Using Ipchains

    Cyclades-PC400 Packet Filtering using ipchains The Linux utility ipchains can be used to filter IP packets entering, leaving and passing through interfaces. An ipchains tutorial is beyond the scope of this manual. For more information on ipchains, see the ipchains man page (by typing man ipchains at the Linux command prompt) or the howto: http://netfilter.filewatcher.org/ipchains/...
  • Page 42 Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual The output chain controls which packets are sent. A packet can be accepted by the input chain, but then rejected by the output chain. Likewise, the forward chain controls which packets will be routed. The input chain controls incoming packet filtering.
  • Page 43 Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual executed at boot to invoke the last configuration saved. Another option is to edit the file /etc/network/firewall (or another file) directly, following the syntax defined in the file itself. If the file is edited in this way, the command fwset cannot be used to save and restore the configura- tion.

  • Page 44: Appendix B Hardware Specifications

    Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS This chapter provides the pinout diagram for the cable supplied with the product, in case it is lost or damaged. Appendix B - Hardware Specifications...
  • Page 45 Cyclades UK Unit 6 Moorwell Road Business Park Scunthorpe, North Lincolnhire DN17 2RU - UK Phone: +44 1724 277179 Fax: +44 1724 279981 www.uk.cyclades.com Cyclades South America Av. Santa Catarina, 155 04635-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil Phone: 55-11-5033-3333 Fax: 55-11-5033-3388 www.cyclades.com.br...

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