Hukseflux SR30-D1 User Manual
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Hukseflux SR30-D1 User Manual

Next level digital secondary standard pyranometer
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Hukseflux
Thermal Sensors
USER MANUAL SR30-D1
Next level digital secondary standard
pyranometer
compliant with IEC
61724-1:2017 Class A
Copyright by Hukseflux | manual v2005 | www.hukseflux.com | info@hukseflux.com

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  • Page 1 Hukseflux Thermal Sensors USER MANUAL SR30-D1 Next level digital secondary standard pyranometer compliant with IEC 61724-1:2017 Class A Copyright by Hukseflux | manual v2005 | www.hukseflux.com | info@hukseflux.com...

  • Page 2: Warning Statements

    SR30-M2-D1 wiring scheme, SR30-D1 RS-485 communication will NOT function reliably. When SR30-M2-D1 is installed using the recommended SR30-D1 wiring scheme, users will NOT benefit from improved signal integrity. Putting more than 30 Volt across the sensor wiring of the main power supply can lead to permanent damage to the sensor.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Connecting to an RS-485 network Connecting to a PC Communication with SR30-D1 PC communication: Sensor Manager software Network communication: function codes, registers, coils Network communication: getting started Network communication: example master request to SR30-D1 Making a dependable measurement SR30-D1 manual v2005 3/83...
  • Page 4 Data quality assurance Appendices 10.1 Appendix on cable extension / replacement 10.2 Appendix on tools for SR30-D1 10.3 Appendix on spare parts for SR30-D1 10.4 Appendix on the ventilator 10.5 Appendix on standards for classification and calibration 10.6 Appendix on calibration hierarchy 10.7...

  • Page 5: List Of Symbols

    Solar irradiance Solar radiant exposure W∙h/m Time in hours Tilt angle relative to horizontal θ ° Relative humidity Pressure Temperature coefficient 1/°C² Temperature coefficient 1/°C Temperature coefficient (see also appendix 10.7 on meteorological quantities) Subscripts Not applicable SR30-D1 manual v2005 5/83...

  • Page 6: Introduction

    SR30-D1 measures the solar radiation received by a plane surface, in W/m , from a 180 field of view angle. SR30-D1 is an ISO 9060 secondary standard pyranometer. It is employed where the highest measurement accuracy is required. SR30-D1 offers several advantages over competing pyranometers: •...
  • Page 7 Class B, which requires heating. Low cost of ownership SR30-D1 is an affordable secondary standard instrument and is designed for low cost of ownership, which is mainly determined by costs of installation, on-site inspections, servicing and calibration: •...
  • Page 8 SR30-D1 design SR30-D1 pyranometer employs a state-of-the-art thermopile sensor with black coated surface, two domes and an anodised aluminium body. SR30-D1 offers a digital output via Modbus RTU over 2-wire RS-485. The pyranometer dome is heated by ventilating the area between the inner and outer dome using RVH - Recirculating Ventilation and Heating - technology.
  • Page 9 For communication between a PC and SR30-D1, the Hukseflux Sensor Manager software can be downloaded. It allows the user to plot and export data, and change the SR30-D1 Modbus address and its communication settings. Also, the digital outputs may be viewed for sensor diagnostics.
  • Page 10 Options for mounting and levelling There are two mounting options available for SR30-D1: a levelling mount and a tube levelling mount. They allow for simplified mounting, levelling and instrument exchange on either a flat surface or a tube. Figure 0.5 Optional levelling mount (picture on the left); a practical spring-loaded...
  • Page 11 Extension to longer cable lengths is achieved by adding extension cables of 20 m with 2 connectors. Figure 0.7 On the left the SR30-D1 cable with M12-A female connector on sensor end, pigtails of 0.15 m and conductors with ferrules. Its length is 5 metres standard and available in 10 and 20 metres too.

  • Page 12: Ordering And Checking At Delivery

    1 Ordering and checking at delivery 1.1 Ordering SR30-D1 SR30-D1 is succeeded by model SR30-M2-D1 and can no longer be ordered. Please order SR30-M2-D1 instead. Support and recalibration services for SR30-D1 will continue. The standard configuration of SR30-D1 is with 5 metres cable.

  • Page 13: Included Items

    • spring-loaded levelling mount For SR30-D1-TLM01, also • spring-loaded levelling mount • lower clamp to mount SR30-D1 to a tube or mounting rod • 2 sets of bolts for different tube diameters Please store the certificates in a safe place.

  • Page 14: Instrument Principle And Theory

    2 Instrument principle and theory Figure 2.0.1 Overview of SR30-D1: cable (standard length 5 metres, optional longer cable) connector sun screen bubble level bubble level window outer dome inner dome thermal sensor with black coating internal ventilation vents (10) quick release system of sun screen...
  • Page 15 SR30-D1 has a built-in heater and ventilator. The heater is coupled to the sensor body. The ventilation air circulates inside the body and between the domes. The combination of ventilation and heating keeps the domes in thermal equilibrium with the sensor and above dew point.
  • Page 16 2. solar radiation pyranometer response 1000 10000 wavelength [x 10 Figure 2.0.2 Spectral response of the pyranometer compared to the solar spectrum. The pyranometer only cuts off a negligible part of the total solar spectrum. SR30-D1 manual v2005 16/83...
  • Page 17 [°] Figure 2.0.3 Directional response of an SR30-D1 pyranometer of 4 azimuth angles, compared to secondary standard limits. Figure 2.0.4 Recirculating ventilation and heating between the inner- and outer dome is much more power-efficient than traditional ventilation systems.

  • Page 18: Operating Modes: Heating And Ventilation

    2.1 Operating modes: heating and ventilation A unique feature of SR30-D1 is its built-in heater and ventilator. In practice, this is as effective against dew and frost deposition as using traditional ventilation systems. The heater is coupled to the sensor body. Heat is generated inside the sensor body. The ventilator circulates air inside the body and between the domes.

  • Page 19: Overview Of Remote Diagnostics

    “heater current” register 2.3 Use of the tilt sensor SR30-D1 is equipped with an internal tilt sensor. The tilt measurement serves to monitor long-term changes as well as incidents that cause the instrument to move. The absolute accuracy of the sensor depends on temperature and is not as high as that of the bubble level.
  • Page 20 3 Specifications of SR30-D1 3.1 Specifications of SR30-D1 SR30-D1 measures the solar radiation received by a plane surface from a 180 field of view angle. This quantity, expressed in W/m , is called “hemispherical” solar radiation. SR30-D1 offers irradiance in W/m as a digital output.

  • Page 21: Specifications Of Sr30-D1

    Table 3.1.1 Specifications of SR30-D1 (continued) SR30-D1 ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATIONS Measurand hemispherical solar radiation Measurand in SI radiometry units irradiance in W/m Optional measurand sunshine duration Field of view angle 180 ° Technology employed Recirculating Ventilation and Heating (RVH Heating included...
  • Page 22 Table 3.1.1 Specifications of SR30-D1 (started on previous page) Chassis connector type M12-A Cable connector M12-A straight female connector, female thread, 5- pole Cable connector type M12-A Connector protection class IP67 Cable replacement replacement cables with connector can be ordered...
  • Page 23 Table 3.1.1 Specifications of SR30-D1 (started on previous pages) Recommended recalibration interval 2 years Reference conditions 20 °C, normal incidence solar radiation, horizontal mounting, irradiance level 1000 W/m , heater and ventilator [ON] Validity of calibration based on experience the instrument sensitivity will not change during storage.
  • Page 24 Table 3.1.1 Specifications of SR30-D1 (started on previous pages) ACCESSORIES Levelling mount, for spring-loaded mountable on flat surface levelling and mounting SR30-D1 on a allowing tilt adjustment to 3.4 surface requires 4 mm hex key or 10 mm spanner for...

  • Page 25: Dimensions Of Sr30-D1

    3.2 Dimensions of SR30-D1 M5 (2x) Ø 68 Ø 25 - Ø 40 mm Figure 3.2.1 Dimensions of SR30-D1 in x 10 m. Mounts are optional SR30-D1 manual v2005 25/83...

  • Page 26: Standards And Recommended Practices For Use

    Standard Practice for Field Meteorological Instruments pyranometers -- Recommended Use of Pyranometers, and Methods of Observation, practice for use Pyrheliometers and UV chapter 7, measurement of Radiometers radiation, 7.3 measurement of global and diffuse solar radiation SR30-D1 manual v2005 26/83...

  • Page 27: Specific Use For Outdoor Pv System Performance Testing

    (using the ventilator but not the heater) offers the most accurate measurements over short time intervals. Averages on the minute time scale produce the same result as in the standard operating mode. The measurement is less sensitive to rapid changes of the instrument temperature, and is less noisy. SR30-D1 manual v2005 27/83...

  • Page 28: General Use For Sunshine Duration Measurement

    Table 4.5.1 Standards with recommendations for instrument use in sunshine duration measurement STANDARDS FOR INSTRUMENT USE FOR SUNSHINE DURATION WMO-No. 8; Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, chapter 8, measurement of sunshine duration, 8.2.2 Pyranometric Method SR30-D1 manual v2005 28/83...

  • Page 29: Use Of Remote Diagnostics

    Measurement of the sensors temperature is done using a high accuracy digital sensor temperature sensor. The sensor signal serves to externally monitor the SR30-D1 temperature and, at the same time, is used by the internal electronics for temperature correction of the measurands. The temperature dependence of every individual instrument is tested and supplied on the product certificate as a second degree polynomial.

  • Page 30: Tilt Angle

    5.4 Internal relative humidity When SR30-D1 accumulates too much moisture, the internals of the sensor will get damaged. Therefore, it is advised to take regular measurements of the internal relative humidity of the sensor. These measurement are made available in the “humidity”...

  • Page 31: Ventilator Current

    Depending on operating conditions the speed may vary. Especially at temperatures below -10 °C ventilator speed may be significantly lower. When the speed lies consistently below 5000 RPM, maintenance is required, and replacement of the ventilator may be needed. SR30-D1 manual v2005 31/83...

  • Page 32: Installation Of Sr30-D1

    6 Installation of SR30-D1 6.1 Site selection and installation Table 6.1.1 Recommendations for installation of pyranometers (continued on next page) Location the horizon should be as free from obstacles as possible. Ideally, there should be no objects between the course of the sun and the instrument.

  • Page 33: Installation Of The Sun Screen

    The quick release system consists of a spring loaded lever opposite the bubble level window of the SR30-D1 sun screen. The bottom of the handle can be pulled out gently. Once the handle is pulled out and fully released, as shown in the figure below, the sun screen can be lifted off manually for removal.

  • Page 34: Installation Of Optional Mounts

    The optional levelling mount, for simplified mounting and levelling of SR30-D1 on a flat surface such as a platform or bracket, is easy to use. It can be fitted to SR30-D1 using the mount’s spring-loaded centre bolt and a 4 mm hex key or a 10 mm spanner. It can be mounted on a flat surface by inserting two M5 bolts (not included) in the designated holes.
  • Page 35 SR30-D1 is already fitted to the mount (See Figure 6.3.1.4). In all cases, ensure the legs of SR30-D1 fit into one of the small ledges of the levelling mount. Locking is in place, when the nut of the spring-loaded centre bolt is turned all the way towards SR30-D1’s bottom panel.
  • Page 36 SR30-D1’s static foot remains fixed. In all cases, ensure the legs of SR30-D1 fit into one of the small ledges of the levelling mount. Locking is in place, when the nut is turned all the way against the bottom plate of SR30-D1 6.3.2 Tube levelling mount...

  • Page 37: Installation Of Optional Extension Cable Of 20 M

    6.4 Installation of optional extension cable of 20 m Figure 6.4.1 Optional extension cable of 20 metres with 2 connectors Extension to longer cable lengths is achieved by adding extension cables of 20 m with 2 connectors, male and female M12-A. SR30-D1 manual v2005 37/83...

  • Page 38: Electrical Connection Of Sr30-D1: Wiring Diagram

    Note 2: at the connector-end of the cable, the shield is connected to the connector housing Figure 6.5.1: Connector layout of SR30-D1 indicating PIN numbers (viewed from cable side) 6.6 Grounding and use of the shield Grounding and shield use are the responsibility of the user. The cable shield (called shield in the wiring diagram) is connected to the aluminium instrument body via the connector.

  • Page 39: Connecting To An Rs-485 Network

    SR30-D1 is designed for a two-wire (half-duplex) RS-485 network. In such a network, SR30-D1 acts as a slave, receiving data requests from the master. An example of the topology of an RS-485 two-wire network is shown in the figure below. SR30-D1 is powered from 8 to 30 VDC.
  • Page 40 This manual supports model SR30-D1, the predecessor of SR30-M2-D1. Need support for the new SR30-M2-D1? Please refer to its separate user manual. Figure 6.7.2 Connection of SR30-D1 to an RS-485 network. SR30-D1 is powered by an external power supply of 8 to 30 VDC.

  • Page 41: Connecting To A Pc

    An external power supply is required to power the SR30-D1 (8 to 30 VDC). An RS-485 to USB converter is usually powered via the USB interface: in this case no external power is needed to feed the converter.

  • Page 42: Communication With Sr30-D1

    The Hukseflux Sensor Manager software provides a user interface for communication between a PC and SR30-D1. It allows the user to locate, configure and test one or more SR30-D1’s and to perform simple laboratory measurements using a PC. The Sensor Manager’s most common use is for initial functionality testing and modification of the...
  • Page 43 An Unsigned 32 bit integer can be calculated by the formula: (MSW x 2 )+LSW = U32. An example of such a calculation is available in the paragraph “Network communication: example master request to SR30-D1”. SR30-D1 manual v2005 43/83...
  • Page 44 Register 0, Modbus address, contains the Modbus address of the sensor. This allows the Modbus master to detect the slave, SR30-D1, in its network. The address can be changed; the value of the address must be between 1 and 247. The default Modbus address is 1.
  • Page 45 Provides the sensor output in 0.01 W/m², not compensated for temperature dependence. The data must be divided by 100 to get the value in W/m². Hukseflux recommends not to use this data. MSW and LSW should be read together in one request.
  • Page 46 Ω. Register 46 + 47, Sensor calibration date, last sensor calibration date, from which the sensitivity in register 41 and 42 was found, in YYYYMMDD. Register 61, Firmware version. Register 62, Hardware version. SR30-D1 manual v2005 46/83...
  • Page 47 PARAMETER DESCRIPTION OF CONTENT TYPE FORMAT NUMBER OF DATA 83 + 84 Directional response Directional response measurement date measurement date in YYYYMMDD Directional response measurement employee Register 83 to 85, these registers are for reference purposes. SR30-D1 manual v2005 47/83...
  • Page 48 Register 98, Humidity, provides the relative humidity within the instrument. The value must be divided by 100 to get the value in %. Register 99, Humidity temperature, the temperature measured by the humidity sensor. The value must be divided by 100 to get the value in ° SR30-D1 manual v2005 48/83...
  • Page 49 Register 194, Tilt angle, provides the angle in ° of the Z axis in comparison to the XY plane. In other words, Tilt angle, provides the instrument tilt angle in ° relative to horizontal. The value must be divided by 100 to get the value in °. SR30-D1 manual v2005 49/83...
  • Page 50 Register 198, Heater current, provides the current draw of the heater in mA. Register 199, Fan current, provides the current draw of the fan in mA. Please note that if your data request needs an offset of +1 for each SR30-D1 register number, depending on processing by the network master, this offset applies to coils as well.

  • Page 51: Network Communication: Getting Started

    Modbus device. This usually consists of defining a request that can be broadcast by the master. If the SR30-D1 is not already defined as a standard sensor type on the network, contact the supplier of the network equipment to see if a library file for the SR30-D1 is available.

  • Page 52: Network Communication: Example Master Request To Sr30-D1

    For quality assurance also the sensor serial number, register 40 and the temperature in register 6, are useful. In this example an SR30-D1 has address 64. The example requests the solar radiation (temperature compensated) register 2 + 3, sensor serial number, register 40, and the temperature of the instrument register 6.
  • Page 53 Together, register 2 and 3 are representing the temperature compensated solar radiation output measured by the SR30-D1. The MSW is in register 2 and the LSW in 3. The output has to be calculated by the formula: ((MSW x 2 ) + LSW)/100.
  • Page 54 [03] = Modbus function [02] = Number of bytes [0A][29] = Content of register 40, decimal equivalent = 2601 [43][35] = CRC Register 40 represents the sensors serial number. In this example the serial number is 2601. SR30-D1 manual v2005 54/83...

  • Page 55: Making A Dependable Measurement

    * defined at Hukseflux as all factors outside the instrument that are relevant to the measurement such as the cloud cover (presence or absence of direct radiation), sun position, the local horizon (which may be obstructed) or condition of the ground (when tilted).

  • Page 56: Reliability Of The Measurement

    For first class and secondary standard models (for instance model SR11 first class pyranometer and SR30 digital secondary standard pyranometer) extra desiccant is available. SR30-D1 manual v2005 56/83...

  • Page 57: Speed Of Repair And Maintenance

    • design a schedule of repair or replacement in case of defects When operating multiple instruments in a network, Hukseflux recommends keeping procedures simple and having a few spare instruments to act as replacements during service, recalibrations and repair.
  • Page 58 3) A separate estimate has to be entered to allow for estimated uncertainty due to the instrument maintenance level. 4) The calibration uncertainty has to be entered. Please note that Hukseflux calibration uncertainties are lower than those of alternative equipment. These uncertainties are entered in measurement equation (equation is usually Formula 0.1: E = U/S), either as...
  • Page 59 Table 8.4.1.1 Preliminary estimates of achievable uncertainties of measurements with Hukseflux pyranometers. The estimates are based on typical pyranometer properties and calibration uncertainty, for sunny, clear sky days and well maintained stations, without uncertainty loss due to lack of maintenance and due to instrument fouling. The table specifies expanded uncertainties with a coverage factor of 2 and confidence level of 95 %.

  • Page 60: Maintenance And Trouble Shooting

    9 Maintenance and trouble shooting 9.1 Recommended maintenance and quality assurance SR30-D1 can measure reliably at a low level of maintenance in most locations. Usually unreliable measurements will be detected as unreasonably large or small measured values. As a general rule this means that regular visual inspection combined with a critical review of the measured data, preferably checking against other measurements, is the preferred way to obtain a reliable measurement.

  • Page 61: Trouble Shooting

    / replace O-rings; inspection 9.2 Trouble shooting Table 9.2.1 Trouble shooting for SR30-D1 (continued on next page) General Inspect the instrument for any damage. Inspect if the connector is properly attached. Check the condition of the connectors (on chassis as well as the cable).
  • Page 62 Ask the internal manufacturer for instructions. condensation The inner Arrange to send the sensor to the manufacturer for diagnosis and service. dome shows internal condensation SR30-D1 manual v2005 62/83...

  • Page 63: Calibration And Checks In The Field

    The applicable standard is ISO 9847 “International Standard- Solar Energy- calibration of field pyranometers by comparison to a reference pyranometer”. At Hukseflux an indoor calibration according to the same standard is used. Hukseflux recommendation for re-calibration: if possible, perform calibration indoor by comparison to an identical reference instrument, under normal incidence conditions.

  • Page 64: Data Quality Assurance

    The main idea is that one should look out for any unrealistic values. There are programs on the market that can semi-automatically perform data screening. See for more information on such a program: www.dqms.com. SR30-D1 manual v2005 64/83...
  • Page 65 SR30-D1 manual v2005 65/83...

  • Page 66: Appendices

    SR30-M2-D1? Please refer to its separate user manual. 10.1 Appendix on cable extension / replacement The sensor cable of SR30-D1 is equipped with a M12-A straight connector. In case of cable replacement, it is recommended to purchase a new cable with connector at Hukseflux.

  • Page 67: Appendix On Tools For Sr30-D1

    Table 10.1.1 Preferred specifications for SR30-D1 cable replacement and extension General replacement please order a new cable with connector at Hukseflux General cable extension please order an extension cable with connector pair at Hukseflux Connectors used chassis: M12-A straight male connector, male thread, 5-pole...

  • Page 68: Appendix On Spare Parts For Sr30-D1

    NOTE: Outer dome, bubble level, thermopile sensor and internal sensors of SR30-D1 cannot be supplied as spare parts. In case of damage to the SR30-D1, after repair the instrument must be tested to verify performance within specification limits. This is required by ISO 9060.

  • Page 69: Appendix On Standards For Classification And Calibration

    WMO and ISO. ISO9874 states under paragraph 1.3: the methods of calibration specified are traceable to the WRR. The WMO manual states under paragraph 7.1.2.2: the WRR is accepted as representing the physical units of total irradiance. SR30-D1 manual v2005 69/83...
  • Page 70 (transfer error). The coverage factor must be determined; at Hukseflux we work with a coverage factor k = 2. SR30-D1 manual v2005...

  • Page 71: Appendix On Meteorological Radiation Quantities

    In solar energy radiant exposure is often given in W∙h/m Table 10.7.1 Meteorological radiation quantities as recommended by WMO (additional symbols by Hukseflux Thermal Sensor). POA stands for Plane of Array irradiance. The term originates from ASTM and IEC standards.

  • Page 72: Appendix On Iso And Wmo Classification Tables

    (c) daily exposure values are for clear days at mid-latitudes. WMO 7.3.2.5: Table 7.5 lists the expected maximum deviation from the true value, excluding calibration errors. ** At Hukseflux the expression ± 1 % is used instead of a range of 2 %. SR30-D1 manual v2005 72/83...

  • Page 73: Appendix On Definition Of Pyranometer Specifications

    Zero offset a: response to 200 W/m net thermal radiation (ventilated). ISO 9060- (200 W/m Hukseflux assumes that unventilated instruments have to 1990 thermal specify the zero-offset in unventilated – worst case – radiation ) conditions.

  • Page 74: Appendix On Terminology / Glossary

    The former is the direct component, the latter is the diffuse component of the solar radiation. (ref: WMO, Hukseflux) Hemispherical solar radiation received by a plane surface from a 180 ° field of view angle (solid solar radiation angle of 2 π...
  • Page 75 + 90 °. (ASTM G113-09) Sunshine sunshine duration during a given period is defined as the sum of that sub-period duration for which the direct solar irradiance exceeds 120 W/m . (ref: WMO) SR30-D1 manual v2005 75/83...

  • Page 76: Appendix On Floating Point Format Conversion

    (mantissa) and an exponent. For implementation of the floating point numbers, Hukseflux follows the IEEE 754 standard. In this example the floating point of register 41 and 42 is converted to the decimal value it represents.

  • Page 77: Appendix On Function Codes, Register And Coil Overview

    0x10 Write Multiple Registers Your data request may need an offset of +1 for each SR30-D1 register number, depending on processing by the network master. Example: SR30-D1 register number 7 + master offset = 7 + 1 = master register number 8.
  • Page 78 79 + 80 Sensor sensitivity See register 63 + 64 Float history 5 81 + 82 Calibration date See register 65 + 66 history 5 83 + 84 Directional response Directional response measurement date measurement date in YYYYMMDD SR30-D1 manual v2005 78/83...
  • Page 79 Factory use Tilt angle In x 0.01 ° Tilt angle average In x 0.01 ° Fan speed RPM In x 1 RPM Factory use Heater current In x 1 mA Fan current In x 1 mA SR30-D1 manual v2005 79/83...
  • Page 80 Up to five 16 bit registers can be requested in one request. If requesting six or more registers, use multiple requests. Please note that if your data request needs an offset of +1 for each SR30-D1 register number, depending on processing by the network master, this offset applies to coils as well.

  • Page 81: Eu Declaration Of Conformity

    IEC/EN 61000-6-1, Class B, RF emission requirements, IEC CISPR11 and EN 55011 Class B requirements Immunity: IEC/EN 61000-6-2 and IEC 61326 requirements Report: “EMC test SR30-D1 2027 v28122016”, 2 January 2017 Eric HOEKSEMA Director Delft 06 January, 2017 SR30-D1 manual v2005...
  • Page 83 © 2020, Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. www.hukseflux.com Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. reserves the right to change specifications without notice.

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