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Robinson Helicopter Company R22 Pilot Operating Handbook

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R22
PILOT'S
OPERATING
HANDBOOK
AND FAA APPROVED
ROTORCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL
RTR 061
FAA APPROVED IN NORMAL CATEGORY BASED ON FAR 27
AND FAR 21. THIS HANDBOOK INCLUDES THE MATERIAL
REQUIRED TO BE FURNISHED TO THE PILOT BY FAR 27 AND
FAR 21 AND MUST BE CARRIED IN THE HELICOPTER AT ALL
TIMES.
HELICOPTER SERIAL NO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
HELICOPTER REGISTRATION NO. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
SECTIONS2,3,4AND5
~~ ~,..
FAA APPROVED
BY:~4~"""~.:x~:..>........l~-~::-'::-''::''''£''~''''''''''::;'-t1''
CHIEF, FLIGHT TEST SECTION
ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING BRANCH
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
,
WESTERN REGION
DATE:
£(4?/~~/979
,
ROBINSON HELICOPTER CO.
TORRANCE, CALIFORNIA

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  • Page 3 CLASS A SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE If you wish to receive future changes to R22 Pilot’s Operating Handbook and copies of future Safety Notices, send a check or money order for $25 USD to: ROBINSON HELICOPTER COMPANY 2901 Airport Drive Torrance, CA 90505 You will receive all future changes to the Handbook and future Safety Notices for a period of two years.
  • Page 4 INTENTIONALLY BLANK...
  • Page 5 ROBINSON R22 SERIES LOG OF PAGES LOG OF PAGES APPROVED BY FAA TYPE CERTIFICATE NO. H10WE Page Approval Page Approval Date Date Cover 16 Mar 79 Log of Pages 20 Jun 19 Section 2 23 Dec 09 20 Jun 19...
  • Page 6 ROBINSON R22 SERIES LOG OF PAGES LOG OF PAGES NOT REQUIRING FAA APPROVAL Page Revision Page Revision Date Date Section 1 26 Jun 12 23 Dec 09 General 26 Jun 12 23 Dec 09 26 Jun 12 5 Mar 15...
  • Page 15 The longitudinal reference datum is 100 inches forward of the main rotor shaft centerline for the R22. Station Fore-and-aft location along the helicopter fuselage given in terms of distance in inches from the longitudinal reference datum.
  • Page 16 ROBINSON SECTION 1 R22 SERIES GENERAL CONVERSION TABLES METRIC TO ENGLISH Multiply To Obtain centimeters (cm) 0.3937 inches (in) kilograms (kg) 2.2046 pounds (lb) kilometers (km) 0.5400 nautical miles (nm) kilometers (km) 0.6214 statute miles (mi) liters (I) 0.2642 gallons, U.S. (gal) liters (I) 1.0567 quarts (qt)
  • Page 19 The helicoper is approved as a normal category rotorcraft under FAA Type Certificate No. H10WE as Models R22, R22 Alpha, R22 Beta, and R22 Mariner. COLOR CODE FOR INSTRUMENT MARKINGS Operating limit.
  • Page 20 ROBINSON SECTION 2 R22 SERIES LIMITATIONS ROTOR SPEED LIMITS TACHOMETER ACTUAL READING Power On Maximum 104% Minimum* 101%** Power Off Maximum 110% Minimum *Transient operation at lower RPM permitted for emergency procedures training. **97% (495 RPM) permitted on R22s with O-320 engine and tachometer with 97% to 104% green arc installed.
  • Page 21 ROBINSON SECTION 2 R22 SERIES LIMITATIONS WEIGHT LIMITS Maximum gross weight – Standard & HP 1300 lb (590 kg) Maximum gross weight – Alpha, Beta, and Beta II 1370 lb (622 kg) Minimum gross weight 920 lb (417 kg) Maximum per seat...
  • Page 23 ROBINSON SECTION 2 MODEL R22 LIMITATIONS R22 ALPHA, BETA, AND BETA II CENTER OF GRAVITY LIMITS FAA APPROVED: 1 JUL 2005...
  • Page 24 ROBINSON SECTION 2 R22 SERIES LIMITATIONS FLIGHT AND MANEUVER LIMITATIONS Aerobatic flight prohibited. CAUTION Abrupt control inputs may produce high fatigue stresses and cause catastrophic failure of a critical component. Low-G cyclic pushovers prohibited. CAUTION A pushover (forward cyclic maneuver) performed...
  • Page 25 ROBINSON SECTION 2 R22 SERIES LIMITATIONS KINDS OF OPERATION LIMITATIONS VFR day and night operations are approved. VFR operation at night is permitted only when landing, navigation, instrument, and anti-collision lights are opera- tional. Orientation during night flight must be maintained by visual reference to ground objects illuminated solely by lights on the ground or adequate celestial illumination.
  • Page 26 ROBINSON SECTION 2 R22 SERIES LIMITATIONS FUEL LIMITATIONS (cont’d) FUEL CAPACITY Total Capacity Usable Capacity US gallons (liters) US gallons (liters) Tanks with bladders: Main tank 18.3 (69) 16.9 (64) Auxiliary tank 9.7 (37) 9.4 (36) Combined capacity 28.0 (106) 26.3 (100)
  • Page 29 ROBINSON SECTION 2 MODEL R22 LIMITATIONS PLACARDS (cont’d) R22 Beta II O-360-J2A Engine All R22s except Beta II R22 Beta II FAA APPROVED: 13 OCT 2000 2-11...
  • Page 30 ROBINSON SECTION 2 R22 SERIES LIMITATIONS PLACARDS (cont’d) Near main fuel tank filler cap: FUEL 100 OCT MIN GRADE AVIATION GASOLINE FUEL 91/96 MIN GRADE AVIATION GASOLINE FUEL AVIATION GASOLINE – GRADE 100LL OR SEE PILOT’S HANDBOOK R22s with O-320-A2B or -A2C engine may have:...
  • Page 31 ROBINSON SECTION 2 R22 SERIES LIMITATIONS PLACARDS (cont’d) Near shut-off valve: FUEL Near main tank fuel gage: For bladder-style tank 16.9 US GAL For aluminum (non-bladder) tank 19.2 US GAL Near aux tank fuel gage: For bladder-style tank AUX 9.4 US GAL For aluminum (non-bladder) tank AUX 10.5 US GAL...
  • Page 32 ROBINSON SECTION 2 R22 SERIES LIMITATIONS PLACARDS (cont’d) In clear view of pilot: THIS ROTORCRAFT APPROVED FOR DAY AND NIGHT VFR OPERATIONS LOW-G PUSHOVERS PROHIBITED On left-hand cyclic: SOLO FROM RIGHT SEAT ONLY On or near collective controls: NO STOWAGE...
  • Page 33 200 or more flight hours in helicopters, at least 50 of which must be in the RHC Model R22 helicopter, and has completed the awareness training specified in Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) No. 73, issued February 27, 1995.
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  • Page 35: Table Of Contents

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CONTENTS Page Definitions ........
  • Page 36 INTENTIONALLY BLANK...

  • Page 37: Definitions

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DEFINITIONS Land Immediately - Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach, if required. Land as soon as practical - Landing site is at pilot’s discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas.

  • Page 38: Power Failure Above 500 Feet Agl

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES POWER FAILURE ABOVE 500 FEET AGL 1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM. 2. Establish a steady glide at approximately 65 KIAS. (For maximum glide distance, see page 3-3.) 3. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.

  • Page 40: Emergency Water Landing - Power Off

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES EMERGENCY WATER LANDING – POWER OFF 1. Follow same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting water. If time permits, unlatch doors prior to water contact. 2. Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors.

  • Page 41: Loss Of Tail Rotor Thrust In Forward Flight

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR THRUST IN FORWARD FLIGHT Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal. 1. Immediately enter autorotation. 2. Maintain at least 70 KIAS if practical.

  • Page 42: Engine Fire During Start On Ground

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ENGINE FIRE DURING START ON GROUND 1. Cranking – Continue and attempt to start which would suck flames and excess fuel into engine. 2. If engine starts, run at 50-60% RPM for a short time.

  • Page 43: Tachometer Failure

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TACHOMETER FAILURE If rotor or engine tach malfunctions in flight, use remaining tach to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tachs malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.

  • Page 44: Warning/Caution Lights

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 MODEL R22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS NOTE If a light causes excessive glare at night, bulb may be unscrewed or circuit breaker pulled to eliminate glare during landing. Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure. Check engine tach for power loss.
  • Page 45 ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS (cont’d) Indicates approximately one gallon of usable FUEL fuel remaining for all-aluminum fuel tanks or 1.5 gallons for bladder-style tanks. The engine will run out of fuel after approximately five minutes at cruise power for aircraft with all-aluminum tanks or ten minutes with bladder-style tanks.

  • Page 46: Low Rpm Horn & Caution Light

    ROBINSON SECTION 3 R22 SERIES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS (cont’d) BRAKE Indicates rotor brake is engaged. Release immediately in flight or before starting engine. STARTER-ON Indicates starter motor is engaged. If light does not go out when ignition switch is...
  • Page 49 ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES CONTENTS Page Recommended Airspeeds ..... . . 4-1 Daily or Preflight Checks ......
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  • Page 51: Recommended Airspeeds

    ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES RECOMMENDED AIRSPEEDS Takeoff and Climb 60 KIAS Maximum Rate of Climb (V 53 KIAS Maximum Range 83 KIAS* Significant Turbulence 60 to 70 KIAS* Landing Approach 60 KIAS Autorotation 60 to 70 KIAS* * Certain conditions may require lower airspeed.
  • Page 52 ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES DAILY OR PREFLIGHT CHECKS (cont’d) 1. Cowl Door Battery switch ......ON Oil pressure and alternator lights .
  • Page 54 ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES DAILY OR PREFLIGHT CHECKS (cont’d) 7. Engine Left Side Engine oil ....... 4-6 qt Oil filter (if installed) .

  • Page 56: Before Starting Engine

    ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES DAILY OR PREFLIGHT CHECKS (cont’d) CAUTION When flying solo, fill left baggage compartment to capacity before using right compartment. Avoid placing objects in compartments which could injure occupant if seat collapses during a hard landing.

  • Page 57: Starting Engine And Run-Up

    ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES STARTING ENGINE AND RUN-UP Throttle twists for priming ....As required Throttle ........Closed Battery, strobe switches .

  • Page 58: Takeoff Procedure

    ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES TAKEOFF PROCEDURE 1. Verify doors latched, governor ON, and RPM stabilized at 102 to 104%. 2. Clear area. Slowly raise collective until aircraft is light on skids. Reposition cyclic as required for equilibrium, then gently lift aircraft into hover.

  • Page 59: Doors-Off Operation

    ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES DOORS-OFF OPERATION Avoid removing left door to protect tail rotor from loose objects. If left door must be removed, warn passenger to secure loose objects and to keep head and arms inside cabin to avoid high velocity airstream.

  • Page 60: Practice Autorotation - With Ground Contact

    Always contact ground with skids level and nose straight ahead. CAUTION The R22 has a light, low-inertia rotor system. Most of the energy required for an autorotation is stored in the forward momentum of the aircraft, not in the rotor. Therefore, a well-...

  • Page 61: Use Of Carburetor Heat

    ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES USE OF CARBURETOR HEAT Carburetor ice can form in a wide range of atmospheric conditions, but is most likely to form when OAT is between -4ºC and 30ºC (25ºF and 86ºF) and the difference between OAT and dew point is less than 15Cº...

  • Page 62: Descent, Approach, And Landing

    ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES DESCENT, APPROACH, AND LANDING 1. Reduce power with collective as desired. Adjust carb heat as required. Observe airspeed limits. CAUTION Do not initiate a descent with forward cyclic. This can produce a low-G condition. Always initiate a descent by lowering collective.

  • Page 63: Shutdown Procedure

    ROBINSON SECTION 4 R22 SERIES NORMAL PROCEDURES SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE Collective down, RPM 70-75% ... . . Friction ON Cyclic and pedals neutral ....Friction ON CHT drop .
  • Page 81 ROBINSON SECTION 6 R22 SERIES WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE CONTENTS Page General ........
  • Page 83 ROBINSON SECTION 6 R22 SERIES WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE GENERAL The helicopter must be flown only within weight and balance limits specified in Section 2. Loadings outside these limits can result in insufficient control travel for safe operation.
  • Page 84 NOTE Calculated CG with full fuel and 135 lb pilot (130 lb pilot without auxiliary fuel tank) must be within CG limits. Following modification, adjustment to fixed nose ballast may be required. See R22 Maintenance Manual. REVISED: 21 FEB 2014...
  • Page 85 ROBINSON SECTION 6 R22 SERIES WEIGHT AND BALANCE WEIGHT AND BALANCE RECORD (cont’d) REVISED: 21 FEB 2014...
  • Page 86 ROBINSON SECTION 6 R22 SERIES WEIGHT AND BALANCE LOADING INSTRUCTIONS The following table may be used when calculating loaded helicopter weight and CG position. COMMON ITEM WEIGHT & CG Weight Longitudinal Lateral arm (in.) Item (lb) arm (in.) (+ = right side) Pilot and baggage 78.0*...
  • Page 87 ROBINSON SECTION 6 R22 SERIES WEIGHT AND BALANCE LOADING INSTRUCTIONS (cont’d) The following sample calculation demonstrates how to determine loaded helicopter weight and center of gravity. A worksheet is provided on the page following the sample calculation for a weight and balance calculation for your helicopter.
  • Page 88 ROBINSON SECTION 6 R22 SERIES WEIGHT AND BALANCE LOADING INSTRUCTIONS (cont’d) SAMPLE LOADING CALCULATION Location Moment Lat. Arm Weight Long. Item (in.) Long. Lat. (lb) += Right (in.-lb) (in.-lb) (in.) Side Basic empty weight 104.0 —0.1 91,520 —88 Remove right door —5.2...
  • Page 89 ROBINSON SECTION 6 R22 SERIES WEIGHT AND BALANCE LOADING INSTRUCTIONS (cont’d) LOADING CALCULATION WORKSHEET Location Moment Lat. Arm Weight Long. Item (in.) Long. Lat. (lb) += Right (in.-lb) (in.-lb) (in.) Side Basic empty weight Remove right door 77.5 21.0 Remove left door 77.5...
  • Page 91 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION SECTION 7 SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION CONTENTS Page General ........
  • Page 92 INTENTIONALLY BLANK...

  • Page 93: General

    SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION SECTION 7 SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION GENERAL The R22 is a two-place, single main rotor, single engine helicopter constructed primarily of metal and equipped with skid-type landing gear. The primary fuselage structure is welded steel tubing and riveted aluminum sheet.

  • Page 94: Rotor Systems

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ROTOR SYSTEMS The main rotor has two all-metal blades mounted to the hub by coning hinges. The hub is mounted to the shaft by a teeter hinge. The coning and teeter hinges use self- lubricated bearings.

  • Page 95: Drive System

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION DRIVE SYSTEM A vee-belt sheave is bolted directly to the engine output shaft. Vee-belts transmit power to the upper sheave which has an overrunning clutch contained in its hub. The inner shaft of the clutch transmits power forward to the main rotor and aft to the tail rotor.

  • Page 96: Flight Controls

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION FLIGHT CONTROLS Dual controls are standard equipment and all primary controls are actuated through push-pull tubes and bellcranks. Bearings used throughout the control system are either sealed ball bearings which do not require lubrication or have self-lubricated liners.

  • Page 97: Removable Flight Controls

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION REMOVABLE FLIGHT CONTROLS Left seat pilot controls may be removed and installed by maintenance personnel or pilots as follows: 1. To remove cyclic grip, remove quick-release pin by depressing button and pulling, then pull outward on left grip while supporting cyclic center post.

  • Page 98: Rpm Governor

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION RPM GOVERNOR The governor maintains engine RPM by sensing changes and applying corrective throttle inputs through a friction clutch which can be easily overridden by the pilot. The governor is active only above 80% engine RPM and can be switched on or off using the toggle switch on the end of the right seat collective.

  • Page 99: Control Trim And Friction

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION CONTROL TRIM AND FRICTION Balancing trim springs are incorporated in the cyclic and collective controls. The collective-up spring balances the rotor loads, allowing the pilot to remove his left hand from the collective during most flight regimes. The longitudinal cyclic has a fixed bungee spring which cancels most longitudinal stick forces during cruise flight.

  • Page 100: Engine Controls

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ENGINE CONTROLS A twist-grip throttle control is located on each collective stick. The controls are interconnected and actuate the throttle valve through a mechanical linkage. The engine throttle is also correlated to collective inputs through a mechanical linkage.

  • Page 101: Clutch Actuator

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION CLUTCH ACTUATOR After the engine is started, it is coupled to the rotor drive system through vee-belts which are tensioned by raising the upper drive sheave. An electric actuator, located between the drive sheaves, raises the upper sheave when the pilot engages the clutch switch.

  • Page 102: Fuel System

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION FUEL SYSTEM The fuel system is gravity-flow (no fuel pumps) and includes a main tank, an optional auxiliary tank, a shutoff valve control located behind the left seat, and a strainer (gascolator). Fuel tanks on later aircraft have flexible bladders in aluminum enclosures while earlier aircraft use all-aluminum tanks.

  • Page 103: Electrical System

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ELECTRICAL SYSTEM A 14-volt DC electrical system which includes an alternator and a sealed lead-acid battery is standard. The battery is located either in the engine compartment or beneath the instrument console. The circuit breaker panel is on the ledge just forward of the left seat.
  • Page 104 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (cont’d) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM R22 STANDARD & HP REVISED: 21 FEB 2014 7-12...
  • Page 105 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (cont’d) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ALPHA, BETA, & EARLIER BETA II REVISED: 21 FEB 2014 7-13...
  • Page 106 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (cont’d) ELECTRICAL SYSTEM LATER BETA II REVISED: 21 FEB 2014 7-14...
  • Page 107 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (cont’d) CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL – TYPICAL (EARLIER AIRCRAFT) REVISED: 21 FEB 2014 7-15...
  • Page 108 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ELECTRICAL SYSTEM (cont’d) CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL – TYPICAL (LATER AIRCRAFT) REVISED: 21 FEB 2014 7-16...

  • Page 109: Lighting System

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION LIGHTING SYSTEM A red anti-collision light is installed on the tailcone and is controlled by the strobe switch. Position lights are installed on each side of the cabin and in the tail and are controlled by the nav lights switch.

  • Page 110: Instrument Panel

    OPTIONAL AVIONICS A wide range of optional avionics are available for the R22. It is not practical to provide a description of all equipment in this manual. All aircraft are delivered with the manufacturers’ operating manuals for each piece of installed equipment.
  • Page 111 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION 1. VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR 20. CARB AIR TEMP OR CLOCK 2. OPTIONAL INSTRUMENT 21. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS 3. AIRSPEED INDICATOR 22. PANEL LIGHTS DIMMER 4. ENGINE AND ROTOR TACHS 23. ROTOR BRAKE LIGHT 5. ALTIMETER 24.
  • Page 112 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION 1. ENGINE AND ROTOR TACHS 22. OIL PRESSURE LIGHT 2. AIRSPEED INDICATOR 23. ROTOR BRAKE LIGHT 3. ARTIFICIAL HORIZON 24. CARBURETOR AIR TEMP 4. ALTIMETER 25. CLOCK 5. MANIFOLD PRESSURE GAGE 26. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS 6.
  • Page 113 ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION 1. VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR 21. IGNITION SWITCH 2. AIRSPEED INDICATOR 22. PILOT’S SIDE CONSOLE (OPT’L) 3. ENGINE AND ROTOR TACHS 23. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS 4. OPTIONAL INSTRUMENT 24. CARBURETOR AIR TEMP 5. ALTIMETER 25. CLOCK 6.

  • Page 114: Audio System

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION AUDIO SYSTEM A voice-activated intercom/audio system is standard and is controlled by a small control panel above the avionics stack. The ICS volume knob controls intercom volume but does not affect radio volume. The VOX squelch knob is used to set the threshold volume at which the intercom is activated.

  • Page 115: Pitot-Static System

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION PITOT-STATIC SYSTEM The pitot-static system supplies air pressure to operate the airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator. The pitot tube is located on the front edge of the mast fairing. The static source is located inside the aft cowling inboard of the cowl door hinge.

  • Page 116: Warning And Caution Lights

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION WARNING AND CAUTION LIGHTS Warning and caution lights include clutch, main gearbox over-temperature, main and tail gearbox chip, starter on (later aircraft), low fuel, low RPM, alternator, low oil pressure, rotor brake, governor off, carbon monoxide (aircraft with cabin heater), and full throttle (later aircraft).

  • Page 117: Cabin Heating And Ventilation

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION CABIN HEATING AND VENTILATION Fresh air vents are located in each door and in the nose. Door vents are opened and closed using the knob near the vent door hinge. On earlier aircraft, pushing in on the knob will seal and lock the door vents closed.

  • Page 118: Seats, Belts, And Baggage

    Slight crosstube yielding is acceptable. However, yielding which allows the tail skid to be within 34 inches (24 inches for R22 Standard or HP) of the ground when the helicopter is sitting empty on level pavement requires crosstube replacement.

  • Page 119: Rotor Brake

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ROTOR BRAKE If installed, the rotor brake is mounted on the aft end of the main gearbox and is actuated by a cable connected to a pull handle located above and behind the pilot’s left shoulder.

  • Page 120: Carbon Monoxide Detector

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR The carbon monoxide (CO) detector, if installed, indicates elevated cabin CO levels. CO is an odorless, toxic gas present in engine exhaust which causes headaches, drowsiness, and possible loss of consciousness. CO levels may become elevated due to an exhaust leak or exhaust recirculation during prolonged hovering.

  • Page 121: Emergency Locator Transmitter (Optional)

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (OPTIONAL) The Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) installation consists of a transmitter with internal battery pack, an external antenna, and a remote switch/annunciator. The transmitter is mounted to the upper steel tube frame and is accessible through the aft, upper cowl door.

  • Page 122: Optional Accessory Mounts

    ROBINSON SECTION 7 R22 SERIES SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION OPTIONAL ACCESSORY MOUNTS Provisions for mounting small, portable items are an option. The provisions use mounting bars located forward of the pilot’s seat, the copilot’s seat, or both. The bars are fitted with one or more clamp assemblies which are compatible with a variety of commercially available accessory mounts.
  • Page 123 ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE SECTION 8 HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE CONTENTS Page General ........
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  • Page 125: General

    SECTION 8 HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE GENERAL This section outlines procedures recommended handling, servicing, and maintaining the R22 helicopter. Every owner should stay in close contact with a Robinson Service Center to obtain the latest service and maintenance information. Owners should also be registered with...

  • Page 126: Required Documents

    ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE REQUIRED DOCUMENTS The Airworthiness Certificate (FAA Form 8100-2) must be displayed in the aircraft at all times. The following additional documents must be carried in the aircraft: 1. Registration Certificate (FAA Form 8050-3) 2.

  • Page 127: Required Inspections

    This annual inspection must be signed off by a mechanic with Inspection Authorization (lA). In addition to the annual inspection, the R22 Maintenance Manual requires a complete inspection after every 100 hours of operation.

  • Page 128: Preventive Maintenance By The Pilot

    Preventive maintenance is defined in the above regulations, and, as applied to the R22 helicopter, includes the following: 1. Replace defective safety wire or cotter pins. 2. Replace bulbs, reflectors, and lenses of position and landing lights.

  • Page 129: Alterations To Aircraft

    HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE ALTERATIONS TO AIRCRAFT The compactness and many unique design features of the R22 helicopter make any modification inadvisable. The dynamic characteristics and susceptibility to fatigue of the rotor, drive, and control systems make any modification to these systems extremely hazardous.

  • Page 130: Ground Handling

    ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE GROUND HANDLING For leveling, hoisting, or jacking, see appropriate sections of the maintenance manual. The helicopter may be maneuvered on the ground using ground handling wheels. Recommended tire pressure is 60 psi (4 bar). Wheels must be removed for flight.

  • Page 131: Parking

    ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE PARKING 1. Place cyclic control in neutral position and apply friction. 2. Put collective full down and apply friction. 3. Align rotor blades approximately fore and aft. Apply rotor brake. Use blade tie-downs in windy conditions.

  • Page 132: Engine Oil

    ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE ENGINE OIL Recommended maximum oil quantity is six quarts and minimum quantity for takeoff is four quarts as indicated on the oil dipstick. The oil and filter should be changed at least every 50 hours or four months, whichever occurs first.
  • Page 133 ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE ENGINE OIL (cont’d) 8. Install new filter per instructions printed on filter. Use only Champion CH48108, CH48108-1, Tempest AA48108-2, or Robinson B123-1 or -2 filter. Safety wire is not required on filter.

  • Page 134: Gearbox Oil

    ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE GEARBOX OIL Main and tail gearbox oil quantities are indicated by sight gages. The main gearbox sight gage is on the right side of the gearbox and can be viewed by opening the cowl door below the aux fuel tank.

  • Page 135: Fuel Bladders

    ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE FUEL BLADDERS Fuel tanks may be equipped with crash-resistant flexible bladders. The bladders are subject to deterioration, which may cause them to leak or seep fuel as they age. To prolong bladder life, fuel tanks should be topped off when the helicopter is stowed to keep the bladder material from drying out.

  • Page 136: Battery

    ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE BATTERY The 12-volt battery is located either in the engine compartment or beneath the instrument console. battery is sealed and does not require fluid level checks. A discharged battery is NOT AIRWORTHY because it will not have the reserve capacity to operate the electrical system should the charging system fail in flight.

  • Page 137: Cleaning Helicopter

    ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE CLEANING HELICOPTER CLEANING EXTERIOR INCLUDING ROTOR BLADES The helicopter should be washed with mild soap and water. Harsh abrasives, alkaline soaps, or detergents should not be used because they could scratch painted or plastic surfaces or could cause corrosion of metal.
  • Page 138 ROBINSON SECTION 8 R22 SERIES HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE CLEANING HELICOPTER (cont’d) CLEANING WINDSHIELD AND WINDOWS (cont’d) CAUTION Do not use gasoline, other alco- hols, benzene, carbon tetrachlo- ride, thinner, acetone, or window (glass) cleaning sprays. 4. After cleaning plastic surfaces, apply a thin coat of hard polishing wax.
  • Page 139 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES SUPPLEMENTS SECTION 9 SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT SUPPLEMENTS Information contained in the following supplements applies only when the related equipment is installed. CONTENTS Page Police Version ..... . 9-3.1 Mariner/Mariner II .
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  • Page 161 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES ADS-B EQUIPMENT SUPPLEMENT FAA APPROVED R22 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK ADS-B EQUIPMENT SUPPLEMENT This supplement must be included in the FAA-approved Pilot’s Operating Handbook when ADS-B equipment is installed. The information contained herein supplements or supersedes...
  • Page 162 The supplemental information allows optimization of flight plan routes and aircraft spacing. ADS-B Out equipment may be required for operation in certain airspace. The R22 ADS-B Out installation has been shown to meet the requirements of 14 CFR § 91.227.
  • Page 163 Refer to receiver and display manufacturers documentation for operation of ADS-B In equipment. The R22 may be equipped with only ADS-B Out or with both ADS-B Out and ADS-B In. REVISED: 26 OCT 2016...
  • Page 164 ADS-B OUT The R22 ADS-B Out system is a single point of entry system. Mode 3/A codes, IDENT commands, and emergency codes are set on the transponder and are automatically incorporated in ADS-B Out broadcasts.
  • Page 165 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES ADS-B EQUIPMENT SUPPLEMENT SECTION 4: NORMAL PROCEDURES (cont’d) ADS-B SYSTEM OPERATION (cont’d) ADS-B IN ADS-B In receiver is built in to the transponder and has no direct pilot interface. ADS-B In data is sent from the receiver to a suitable display, often the primary GPS screen.
  • Page 166 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES ADS-B EQUIPMENT SUPPLEMENT SECTION 6: WEIGHT AND BALANCE No change. SECTION 7: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ADS-B SYSTEM The ADS-B Out system consists of either a GPS receiver connected to the transponder or a transponder with built-in GPS. The transponder broadcasts the aircraft’s position, identification, and certain other parameters to air traffic control.
  • Page 167 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES OPTIONAL AVIONICS SUPPLEMENT FAA APPROVED R22 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK OPTIONAL AVIONICS SUPPLEMENT This supplement must be included in the FAA-approved Pilot’s Operating Handbook when certain factory-supplied optional avionics are installed. Information contained herein supplements or supersedes the basic manual only in those areas listed in this supplement.
  • Page 168 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES OPTIONAL AVIONICS SUPPLEMENT SECTION 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION This supplement provides additional information for certain avionics options. A set of manufacturers’ instructions for all installed avionics is provided with each new helicopter. following equipment addressed this...
  • Page 169 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES OPTIONAL AVIONICS SUPPLEMENT SECTION 2: LIMITATIONS No change. No change. SECTION 3: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES No change. SECTION 4: NORMAL PROCEDURES No change. SECTION 5: PERFORMANCE SECTION 6: WEIGHT AND BALANCE No change. SECTION 7: SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION See below.
  • Page 170 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES OPTIONAL AVIONICS SUPPLEMENT SECTION 7: SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION ASPEN EFD 1000H PFD The Aspen Electronic Flight Display (EFD) 1000H is a Primary Flight Display (PFD) optimized for helicopter use. It is available in a “Pilot” (basic) version or “Pro” (with more advanced navigation features) version.
  • Page 171 ROBINSON SECTION 9 R22 SERIES OPTIONAL AVIONICS SUPPLEMENT SECTION 7: SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION (cont’d) 1. VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR 21. PILOT’S SIDE CONSOLE (OPT’L) 2. ENGINE AND ROTOR TACHS 22. ENGINE INSTRUMENTS 3. ALTIMETER 23. CARBURETOR AIR TEMP 4. MANIFOLD PRESSURE GAGE 24.
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  • Page 173 ROBINSON SECTION 10 R22 SERIES SAFETY TIPS SECTION 10 SAFETY TIPS AND NOTICES CONTENTS Page General ........10-1 Safety Tips .
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  • Page 175: General

    ROBINSON SECTION 10 R22 SERIES SAFETY TIPS SECTION 10 SAFETY TIPS AND NOTICES GENERAL This section provides miscellaneous suggestions to help the pilot operate the helicopter more safely. SAFETY TIPS 1. Never push the cyclic forward to descend or to terminate a pull-up (as you would in an airplane).
  • Page 176 ROBINSON SECTION 10 R22 SERIES SAFETY TIPS SAFETY TIPS (cont’d) 7. A change in the sound or vibration of the helicopter may indicate an impending failure of a critical component. If an unusual sound or vibration begins in flight, make a safe landing and have aircraft thoroughly inspected before flight is resumed.
  • Page 177 ROBINSON SECTION 10 R22 SERIES SAFETY TIPS SAFETY TIPS (cont’d) 13. When operating at higher altitudes (above 3000 or 4000 feet), the throttle is frequently wide open and RPM must be controlled with the collective. Throttle/collective correlation is not effective under these conditions and governor response rate is fairly slow.

  • Page 178: Safety Tips

    ROBINSON SECTION 10 R22 SERIES SAFETY TIPS PILOT KNOWLEDGE AND PROFICIENCY Pilot knowledge and proficiency is essential to safe helicopter operation. In addition to being appropriately licensed and complying with regulatory recurrency requirements such as 14 CFR §61.56 and §61.57, all pilots should seek to keep their knowledge base current and proficiency at a high level.
  • Page 179 ROBINSON SECTION 10 R22 SERIES SAFETY TIPS PILOT KNOWLEDGE AND PROFICIENCY (cont’d) • Flight planning (Ref SNs 15, 26, and 43) Thorough preflight inspection  Fuel  Weather  Performance (hot/high/loading)  • Distractions (Ref SNs 16, 34, 36, and 41) Failure to keep eyes outside scanning for wires, other ...

  • Page 180: Safety Notices

    ROBINSON SECTION 10 R22 SERIES SAFETY TIPS SAFETY NOTICES The following Safety Notices have been issued by Robinson Helicopter Company as a result of various accidents and incidents. Studying the mistakes made by other pilots will help you avoid making the same errors. Safety Notices are available on the RHC website: www.robinsonheli.com.
  • Page 189 Safety Notice SN-22 Issued: July 1986 Revised: June 1994; October 2016 VORTEX RING STATE CATCHES MANY PILOTS BY SURPRISE A vertical or steep approach, particularly downwind, can cause the rotor to fly into its own downwash. This condition is known as vortex ring state due to the vortices that develop as the downwash is recirculated through the rotor disk.
  • Page 190 Safety Notice SN-23 Issued: Jul 86 Rev: Jun 94 WALKING INTO TAIL ROTOR CAN BE FATAL Non-pilot passengers have been killed by inadvertently walking into a rotating tail rotor. Every possible precaution must be taken by the pilot to prevent this tragic type of accident. The following rules should always be observed: 1) Never allow anyone to approach the helicopter unless they are escorted or have been properly instructed.
  • Page 197 Safety Notice SN-30 Issued: Jun 94 Rev: Apr 2009 LOOSE OBJECTS CAN BE FATAL Fatal accidents have occurred due to loose objects flying out of the cabin and striking the tail rotor. Any object striking the tail rotor can cause failure of a tail rotor blade. Loss of or damage to a tail rotor blade may cause a severe out-of-balance condition which can separate the tail rotor gearbox or entire tail assembly from the tailcone, resulting in a catastrophic accident.
  • Page 198 Safety Notice SN-32 Issued: Mar 1998 Revised: May 2013; Feb 2016 HIGH WINDS OR TURBULENCE Flying in high winds or turbulence should be avoided. A pilot’s improper application of control inputs in response to turbulence can increase the likelihood of a mast bumping accident. If turbulence is encountered, the following procedures are recommended: 1.
  • Page 199 Issued: March 1998 Revised: July 2013 DRIVE BELT SLACK R22 and R44 drive belts must have the proper slack prior to engine start. Belts which are too loose may jump out of their sheave grooves during engine start while clutch is engaging.
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  • Page 201 Safety Notice SN-34 Issued: Mar 99 Rev: Apr 2009 AERIAL SURVEY AND PHOTO FLIGHTS – VERY HIGH RISK There is a misconception that aerial survey and photo flights can be flown safely by low time pilots. Not true. There have been numerous fatal accidents during aerial survey and photo flights, including several involving Robinson helicopters.
  • Page 202 HF/Short Wave band have the highest likelihood of causing EMI. A list of such towers for the United States can be found on the Robinson Helicopter Company website at www.robinsonheli.com/sn35antennas. The list was compiled from a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) database of HF/ Shortwave stations.
  • Page 205 Safety Notice SN-38 Issued: Jul 2003 Rev: Jul 2019 PRACTICE AUTOROTATIONS CAUSE MANY TRAINING ACCIDENTS Practice autorotations continue to be the number one cause of helicopter training accidents. Many of these accidents occur because the instructor fails to take decisive action. Instructors should always perform the following “100 Foot Decision Check”: 1) Rotor RPM approximately 100%...
  • Page 206 Safety Notice SN-39 Issued: Jul 2003 UNUSUAL VIBRATION CAN INDICATE A MAIN ROTOR BLADE CRACK A catastrophic rotor blade fatigue failure can be averted if pilots and mechanics are alert to early indications of a fatigue crack. Although a crack may be internal to blade structure and not visible, it will likely cause a significant increase in rotor vibration prior to final failure.
  • Page 207 Safety Notice SN-41 Issued: May 2013 PILOT DISTRACTIONS Distractions in the cabin have caused pilots to lose control of the helicopter. Reading charts, programming avionics, or attending to passengers are some common distractions. During flight, it is important to keep eyes focused outside and minimize distractions to avoid an accident.
  • Page 208 Safety Notice SN-43 Issued: January 2015 USE EXTRA CAUTION DURING POST-MAINTENANCE FLIGHTS A number of fatal accidents have occurred during flights immediately following maintenance. In several cases, the cause was incorrect or incomplete reassembly of the helicopter, and the error would have been detectable during a careful preflight inspection.
  • Page 209 Safety Notice SN-44 Issued: February 2017 Revised: June 2017 CARRYING PASSENGERS Carrying passengers is an additional responsibility for the pilot in command. Passengers have placed their trust entirely in the hands of the pilot and should be advised of risks associated with the flight. Risks include pilot experience level, aircraft capability, and operational considerations such as flight over water or night flight.
  • Page 210 Safety Notice SN-44 (continued) Newly-Rated Pilots Accident data shows that new pilots carrying passengers have high accident rates. The workload and distractions added by passengers are magnified for new pilots who may still be getting used to the aircraft and operating environment. Newly-rated helicopter pilots: Should not carry passengers until accumulating 100 total hours •...

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