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nology, the following approach to compensate for these differ-
ences is recommended:
UMTS/3G, LTE/4G, WiMAX, DVB, WLAN
The modulation of these high-speed services includes high, nee-
dle-like peaks compared to the average power transmitted. Such
signals are referred to as "high crest factor" signals. Measure for 1
or 2 minutes by slightly panning the meter pointing to the direc-
tion of the main source, and multiply the highest value by ten for a
comparison with the building biology recommendations
you will find different telecommunication services being present at
the same time. With the help of the audio analysis
able to estimate how much of the total value shown is caused by
such high crest factor signals. Depending on the proportion to the
total signal, please apply the following "rules of thumb":
Low portion of "high crest factor signals" audible:
multiply display reading by 2.
~"Fifty-fifty"-ratio: multiply display reading by 5
Dominating "high crest factor signals":
multiply display reading by 10.
Taking into account the multiple external factors of measurement
uncertainty, this approach is perfectly adequate for an assess-
ment of the total pollution. The use of a frequency filter and ser-
vice specific correction factors will allow an increased accuracy.
Radar beams are emitted by slowly rotating antennas. Therefore
they are only measurable and audible for only milliseconds every
few seconds. Due to the extremely fast rise-time of the signal only
a rough estimation of the real signal level is possible:
Set "Signal" to "Peak hold" and allow for several beam
passes to establish the equilibrium of charging and droop
rate of the holding capacitor. The reading may take a few
minutes to stabilize. Multiply the highest reading by 10.
Smart meters transmit data to the respective providers very ir-
regularly and in pulses, by using the locally available cell phone
services. Additionally there may be pulsed in-house wireless con-
nections. Therefore, it makes sense to keep measuring until you
pick up some pulses, and if necessary, apply correction factors.
Even though their standards specify far higher crest factors, the industry strives
for crest limitation for economic reasons, so that the resulting correction doesn't
exceed a factor of 10. For TETRA a factor of 2, for WLAN ("standby-rattling") a
factor 4 is enough.
Mind the internal noise level, where a correction does not make sense.
Sound samples on our homepage (section RF measurement).
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Made in Germany
during full data transmission
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