Glossary - Yamaha DVD-S1200 Owner's Manual

Dvd audio/video player
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Glossary

Bitstream
This is the digital form of multiple channel audio data (e.g., 5.1 chan-
nel) before it is decoded into its various channels.
Decoder
A decoder restores the coded signals on DVDs to normal. This is
called decoding.
Dolby Digital
This is a method of coding digital signals developed by Dolby Labo-
ratories. Apart from stereo (2-channel) audio, these signals can also
be 5.1-channel audio. A large amount of audio information can be
recorded on one disc using this method.
Dolby Pro Logic
A surround system where a 4-channel audio track is recorded as
2 channels and then is restored to 4 channels for play. The surround
channel is monaural and can reproduce up to 7 kHz.
DTS (Digital Theater Systems)
This surround system is used in many movie theaters around the
world. There is good separation between the channels, so realistic
sound effects are possible.
Dynamic range
Dynamic range is the difference between the lowest level of sound
that can be heard above the noise of the equipment and the highest
level of sound before distortion occurs.
Film and video
DVDs are recorded using either film or video. Film is recorded at
24 frames per second, the rate movies are filmed at, although some
recent progressive material is recorded at 30 frames per second.
Video is recorded at 30 frames per second.
Frame still and field still
A still is shown when you pause a moving picture. A frame still is
made up of two alternating fields, so the picture may appear blurred,
but overall quality is high.
A field still is not blurred, but it has only half the information of a
frame still so picture quality is lower.
Frames are the still pictures that go together to make a moving pic-
ture. There are about 30 frames shown each second.
One frame is made up of two fields. A regular television shows these
fields one after the other to create frames.
Interlace and progressive output
NTSC, the video signal standard, has 480 interlaced (i) scan lines,
whereas progressive scanning uses twice the number of scan lines.
This is called 480p. The 480i video signals output from this unit's
COMPONENT VIDEO OUT terminals (Y, P
enjoy higher quality pictures than if the signals were output from the
video output terminal or S VIDEO OUT terminal. The COMPONENT
VIDEO OUT terminals are also able to handle 480p (progressive)
video signals which are of even greater resolution.
34
/C
, P
/C
) allow you to
B
B
R
R
I/P/B
MPEG, the video compression standard adopted for use with
DVD-Video, codes frames using these 3 picture types.
I: Intra coded picture (I-picture)
This is the standard picture and is a complete picture in itself.
This means it has the best picture quality and is the best to
use when adjusting the picture.
P: Predictive coded picture (P-picture)
This picture is calculated based on past I or P-pictures.
B: Bidirectionally-predictive coded picture (B-picture)
This picture is calculated by comparing past and future I and
P-pictures so it has the lowest volume of information.
Linear PCM (pulse code modulation)
PCM is the usual digital method used for music CDs. DVDs have a
greater volume so they use linear PCM, which has a higher sam-
pling rate. Compressed PCM signals are called packed PCM
(PPCM).
Optical digital audio cable
This cable carries optical digital signals to the amplifier to reduce
noise caused by electronic interference.
Pan&Scan/Letterbox
In general, DVD-Video are produced with the intention that they be
viewed on a widescreen television with an aspect ratio of 16:9. This
means you can view most material with the intended aspect ratio on
a widescreen television.
Material with this ratio will not fit onto a standard television with an
aspect ratio of 4:3. Two styles of picture, "Pan&Scan" and "Letter-
box", deal with this problem.
Pan&Scan: The sides are cut off so the picture fills the screen.
Letterbox: Black bands appear at the top and bottom of the picture
so the picture itself appears in an aspect ratio of 16:9.
Playback control (PBC)
If a Video CD has "playback control" written on it or its jacket, it
means that particular scenes or information can be selected for
viewing interactively with the television using the menu screen. This
unit can play Video CDs with playback control.
Using menus to control play of a Video CD is called "menu play" in
these operating instructions.
Play list
This is a collection of scenes. It enables you to play these scenes in
succession or to select specific ones to play.
Program
This is a division on DVD-RAM.
Direct navigator
This is a list of programs you have recorded. You can select pro-
grams from the list to view. The list also shows the date and time of
recording, the channel, and the titles of titled programs. The select-
ed program is played in the background, making selection even sim-
pler.
Sampling rate
This is the number of samples of sound taken per second during
conversion to a digital signal. Sampling frequency is expressed in
kilohertz (kHz). A high sampling frequency results in a sound close
to the original when played back.
Title/Chapter
DVD-Video are divided up into large sections, titles, and smaller
sections, chapters. The numbers allocated to these sections are
called title numbers and chapter numbers.
Track
This is the smallest division on DVD-Audio, CD, and Video CD, and
usually equates to a single song.

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