Hammond SK Series Manual
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Hammond SK Series Manual

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-73
-88
DRAWBARS
&
PERCUSSION

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  • Page 1 DRAWBARS & PERCUSSION...

  • Page 3: Manual Drawbars

    Your Hammond Sk-series instrument has one set of nine Drawbars. Drawbars, often called Tonebars, are the heart and the basis of the renowned Hammond Sound and have been used since the first Hammond Organ Model A introduced in 1935. There are approximately 253,000,000 possible sound combinations that can be produced by these Drawbars. Each Drawbar consists of sine waves of different pitches.

  • Page 4: Sound Groups

    Drawbars & Percussion Drawbars are divided into 3 groups of sound as well as 3 groups of color. We will first look at the 3 sound groups. Sound Groups You may think of these sound groups in terms of the three levels - The Sub being the deep pitches, the Foundation being the mid range of pitches and the Brilliance being the high pitches.

  • Page 5: Black Drawbars

    As you add each Drawbar, you will hear the addition of the same note an octave higher in each case. Black Drawbars The Black Drawbars on the Hammond Organ represent the dissonant (discordant) harmonics which are also necessary in building rich tone colors.

  • Page 6: Brown Drawbars

    Drawbars & Percussion Brown Drawbars In addition to the white and black Drawbars, there are two brown Drawbars in the group. These two Drawbars produce “sub-octave” effects. The first brown Drawbar is the sub-octave of the fundamental Drawbar. It is “one octave” lower in sound.

  • Page 7: Tone Families By Shape

    With the Hammond Organ Drawbars, a touch of a finger is all that is needed to make the tone quality softer or more brilliant, richer in one harmonic or another.
  • Page 8 Drawbars & Percussion Typical Drawbar Registration Patterns For The Four Families Of Organ Sound Flute family (2 step pattern) Flute Tones Accom panim ent Flute 8' I 00 8460 000 Accompaniment Flute 8' II 00 3220 000 Accompaniment Flute 8' III 00 8600 000 C horus of Flutes 16' 80 8605 002...

  • Page 9: Diapason Family (Check Mark Pattern)

    Drawbars & Percussion Diapason family (check mark pattern) Diapason Tones Accompaniment D iapason 8' 00 8874 210 C horus D iapason 8' 00 8686 310 D iapason 8' 00 7785 321 Echo D iapason 8' 00 4434 210 H armonic D iapason 16' 85 8524 100 H armonic D iapason 8' 00 8877 760...
  • Page 10 Drawbars & Percussion Jazz and Pop Drawbar Registrations On the Hammond Organ, any harmonic may be emphasized individually, or on the other hand, eliminated completely. Even Because of this fact, many unusual and striking effects can be developed. the fundamental may be eliminated.
  • Page 11 Try Your Own Drawbar registrations Part of the fun of playing your Hammond Sk instrument is to experiment with you r own Drawbar arrangements. It is not essential that you use the registration set up on any music you may have or attempt to duplicate exactly the sound you may hear on a favorite song..
  • Page 12 Drawbars & Percussion DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs These Touch Tabs allow you to use the Drawbars to control sounds for Upper Manual, Lower Manual and Pedal. If an LED above a Touch Tab is lit, the Drawbars will control the tones represented by that Touch Tab. Using the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs The following examples are designed to acquaint you with the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tabs.
  • Page 13 Drawbars & Percussion Now, we will add a Lower Manual Drawbar registration. TRY THIS: Touch the LOWER Touch Tab in the DRAWBAR SELECT Touch Tab section to turn it “ON” (red LED lit). Create a Drawbar registration - for example, 00 8400 000. You can confirm the registration by consulting the Information Center Display.
  • Page 14 MAN. BASS Touch Tab is “ON” or a MIDI Pedal clavier is connected. Notice that only two (2) Drawbar settings are shown for the Pedals in the Information Center Display. On most Hammond Organs with two manuals and pedals, there are two Drawbars for controlling the Pedal tones - one at “16'" pitch and the other at “8'”...
  • Page 15 Drawbars & Percussion DRAWBAR Edit Menu This Advanced Feature Menu allows you to make various changes to the characteristics of the Drawbars. Accessing the DRAWBAR Edit Menu using the Touch Buttons: From the PLAY Screen, touch the MENU/EXIT Touch Button to see the first screen of the MENU Mode. You will see “A"...

  • Page 16: Keyboard Selection

    Drawbar Voice Modes to your liking. This is explained in the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL section of this Guide. IMPORTANT NOTE: The “Vx.” “Farf.” and “Pipe” Voice Modes change the operation of the Drawbars from the traditional Hammond Harmonic Drawbar functions. This is explained starting on page 40 of this Guide.
  • Page 17 What Is “Key Click?” On a tone-wheel Hammond Organ, each time a key is depressed with an active Drawbar registration, a Key Click (or Key Pop) is heard just before the note sounds. This is due to the fact that, unlike other electrical or electronic musical instruments, the sound is always present at the key contacts.

  • Page 18: Low-Pass Filter (Lpf)

    Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters “LPF” should now be blinking. Low-Pass Filter (LPF) This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the tone quality of both the Attack and Release Key Click tones. Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to make the Key Click brighter.

  • Page 19: Drawbar Fold Back

    On the earliest model Hammond Organs, the Sub-Fundamental Drawbar (the one marked, “16'”) would continue to play all the way down to the lowest "C" ("1C"). Newer models such as the Hammond Models X-66, X-77 and Concorde do the same, however, the 8th harmonic Drawbar (the one marked “1'”) continues to play up the manual to the next to highest "C"...
  • Page 20 Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters “VOL” should now be blinking. Drawbar Volume This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the level of the entire Drawbar section of the instrument. Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to increase the overall volume of the Drawbar tones.
  • Page 21 Drawbars & Percussion DRAWBAR Edit Menu L&U - Page 3 - UPPER From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 3 of the DRAWBAR Edit Menu should now display. The Information Center Display should now look like this: Upper Manual Octave This Advanced Feature allows you to select the Octave range in which the Upper Manual will play.
  • Page 22 Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters “HI” should now be blinking. Drawbar Zone - Upper Limit - Upper Manual This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Upper Manual Drawbars will play. The data chart below shows the options you may select for your particular Sk-series instrument.
  • Page 23 Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters “LO” should now be blinking. Drawbar Zone - Lower Limit - Lower Manual This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Lower Manual Drawbars will play. The data chart below shows the options you may select for your particular Sk-series instrument.
  • Page 24 Drawbars & Percussion DRAWBAR Edit Menu PEDAL To access the Drawbar Edit Menu for the PEDAL Drawbar sounds, do the following: From any of the PLAY Mode screens, touch the MENU/EXIT Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look like this: The word “DRAWBAR”...
  • Page 25 This Advanced Feature allows you to change the overall sound of the Pedal Drawbar tones. The data chart below shows the options you may select. PEDAL DRAWBAR VOICING Options Description Function Norm The Pedal voicing of a vintage Hammond Organ. Muted Very mellow Pedal tones. Synth1 A sawtooth waveform with a “wow” type filter envelope. Synth2 A dull square wave, or “clarinet”...

  • Page 26: Pedal Sustain

    Drawbars & Percussion DRAWBAR Edit Menu PEDAL - Page 2 From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 2 of the DRAWBAR PEDAL Edit Menu should now display. The legend just underneath the word “DCY” should now be blinking. Pedal Decay Using this Advanced Feature, you can select whether the Pedal note sounds continually or fades away while you are holding a Pedal down.
  • Page 27 Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend just underneath the word “VEL” should now strobe. Pedal Velocity This Advanced Feature allows you to determine how the notes will respond to key velocity. You can select “OF” or “off” (standard organ touch - the notes sound at the same volume regardless of a light or heavy key pressure) and “1 ~ 4".
  • Page 28 Drawbars & Percussion DRAWBAR Edit Menu PEDAL - Page 4 From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 4 of the DRAWBAR PEDAL Edit Menu should now display. The legend just underneath the word “OCT” should now be blinking. Drawbar Octave - Pedals This Advanced Feature allows you to select the Octave range in which the Pedal Drawbars will play.
  • Page 29 Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The number underneath the letters “LO” should now be blinking. Drawbar Zone - Lower Limit - Pedals This Advanced Feature allows you to set the lowest note the Pedal Drawbars will play. The data chart below shows the options you may select for your particular Sk-series instrument.
  • Page 30 91 of the 96 wheels generate musical notes - five of the wheels are blanks, or wheels having no teeth, to maintain balance. On later Hammond models such as the H-100 and X-77-series, the last 5 tone wheels are cut with 256 teeth, allowing them to play frequencies 91 through 96.
  • Page 31 Because of these many factors - again, some real, some contrived - and because different people therefore mean different things when they say “Hammond Sound” or “B-3 Sound,” the Custom Tone Wheel feature is included to allow you to find the nearest approximation of what you want your “Hammond Sound”...
  • Page 32 Drawbars & Percussion CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu This Advanced Feature Menu allows you to select from among a library of different Tone Wheel settings so that each of the three Tone Wheel Drawbar Voicings - “Btype1,” “Btype2,” and “Mellow” - will have the sound you want, as well as create your own Custom Tone Wheels.
  • Page 33 Drawbars & Percussion If you followed the instructions on the previous page, you should now see Page 1 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu. The legend underneath the word “TONEWHEEL” should now be blinking. Use the VALUE Rotary Control to select “Btyp1,” “Btype2" or “Mellow.” After you have made your selection, touch the PAGE UP Touch Button to access the choices for the selected Drawbar Voicing Type: There are four choices available for “Btype1"...
  • Page 34 Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE UP Touch Button once. Page 2 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu should now display. The Information Center Display should look similar to this: CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu - Page 2 - Custom Name This Advanced Feature allows you to name a Custom Tone Wheel setting.
  • Page 35 At the Hammond tone-wheel factory, the distance of each magnet to each tone wheel - as well as the number of windings for each coil - was very carefully controlled to insure that each frequency would play at the correct volume. In other words, the generator on each tone-wheel organ was very carefully calibrated.
  • Page 36 Drawbars & Percussion Selecting a Tone Wheel to Edit TRY THIS: From the previous screen (page 32), touch the PAGE UP Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look like this: Shown above is Page 3 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu. Notice that the number on the extreme left of the lower line is blinking.
  • Page 37 Drawbars & Percussion TRY THIS: Make sure all the Drawbars are “OFF” (pushed in). Make sure the Information Center Display shows Screen 3 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu. The Information Center Display should look similar to this: Notice that the number on the extreme left of the lower line is blinking. This number represents the currently selected Tone Wheel.
  • Page 38 Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend underneath the word “LEV” should be blinking. LEV - Tone Wheel Level This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the volume or level of the selected Tone Wheel. You can select from “-20" (lowest level) through “+2"...
  • Page 39 Drawbars & Percussion From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The legend underneath the word “RES” should be blinking. RES - Tone Wheel Resonance This Advanced Feature allows you to adjust the level of the Low-Pass Filter (LPF). You can select from “0" (high frequencies at their lowest level) through “127"...
  • Page 40 Drawbars & Percussion Saving a Custom Tone Wheel TRY THIS: Access the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu using the procedure described on page 30. You should now see Page 1 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu. Use the VALUE Rotary Control to select the Custom Tone Wheel you want to modify. SPECIAL NOTE: If you want to create a new Custom Tone Wheel, you can do so by using the VALUE Rotary Control to scroll past number “4.”...
  • Page 41 Drawbars & Percussion Naming a Custom Tone Wheel TRY THIS: Access the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu using the procedure described on page 32. You should now see Page 1 of the CUSTOM TONE WHEEL Edit Menu. Use the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN Touch Buttons to select the Custom Tone Wheel you want to rename. After you have made your selection, Name your Custom Tone Wheel by doing the following: Use the PAGE LEFT and PAGE RIGHT Select Touch Buttons to select the character to be edited.
  • Page 42 Drawbar Organ Type The Drawbars on the Sk1 and Sk2 can be made to control other organ sounds other than traditional Hammond Drawbars. Several makes of combo organs, for example, also used Drawbar-type slider controls to register the sounds, which were actual organ voices rather than individual harmonics as with Hammond Drawbars.
  • Page 43 The type of combo organ replicated by “Vx” mode had drawbar-type controls, but they functioned differently from Hammond Harmonic Drawbars. Organ. The first four Drawbars control individual pitches, while the next three are “Mixture” Drawbars which cause multiple pitches to sound. “II,” “III” and “IV” refer to the number of pitches represented by that Drawbar.
  • Page 44 Drawbars & Percussion Drawbar Organ Type - “Farf” The “Farf” Drawbar Organ Type allows you to use the Drawbars to register the sound of a vintage Italian combo organ. TRY THIS: If you have not already done so, access the DRAWBAR Edit Menu. The quickest way to do this is to use the Shortcut shown below: Turn the VALUE Rotary Control until the Information Center Display shows the following: You may now use the Drawbars to control vintage combo organ tones.
  • Page 45 Drawbars & Percussion Drawbar Organ Type - “Pipe” The “Pipe” Drawbar Organ Type allows you to use the Drawbars to register authentic pipe organ tones. TRY THIS: If you have not already done so, access the DRAWBAR Edit Menu. The quickest way to do this is to use the Shortcut shown below: Turn the VALUE Rotary Control until the Information Center Display shows the following: You may now use the Drawbars to control the voices of a classical pipe organ.
  • Page 46 Drawbars & Percussion PIPE Edit Menu This Advanced Feature allows you to change the characteristics of the Drawbar Pipe Voices. To edit the Drawbar Pipe Voices, it is recommended that the Drawbar Voice Mode be set to “Pipe” so you can preview the changes you make.
  • Page 47 Drawbars & Percussion Selecting a Pipe Voice to Edit Your Sk-series instrument has a total of 20 Pipe voices - nine (9) for the Upper Manual, nine (9) for the Lower Manual and two (2) for the Pedals. Below is a list of the voices and the screen abbreviations: UPPER”...
  • Page 48 Drawbars & Percussion TRY THIS: Follow the instructions on the previous page to see Page 1 of the PIPE Edit Menu: Notice that “Bourdn16" is displayed on the lower line. This means that the characteristics of the “Bourdon 16" Upper Manual Pipe Voice can be changed.
  • Page 49 Drawbars & Percussion After you have selected which Pipe Voice you want to edit, you can make the following changes: PIPE VOICE EDIT Options Description Function VOLUME Allows you to set the Volume for the selected Pipe Voice. DETUNE Allows you to detune the selected Pipe Voice. CHIFF Allows you to set the amount of Chiff or attack for the selected Pipe Voice.
  • Page 50 Drawbars & Percussion PIPE Edit Menu - Page 1 TRY THIS: From any of the PLAY Mode screens, touch the MENU/EXIT Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look like this: The word “DRAWBAR” should now be blinking. From the A Screen, touch the PAGE UP “...
  • Page 51 Drawbars & Percussion Touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look like this: Pipe Voice Volume Notice that the number underneath “VOL” is blinking. You can now modify the characteristics of each Pipe Voice, starting with Pipe Voice Volume. You can select a Volume setting of from “0” (softest) through “127” (loudest).
  • Page 52 Drawbars & Percussion PIPE Edit Menu - Page 2 From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 3 of the PIPE Edit Menu should now display. The legend below the word “CHIF” (Chiff) should now be blinking. Pipe Voice Chiff This Advanced Feature allows you to set the amount of Chiff or attack for each individual Pipe Voice.
  • Page 53 Drawbars & Percussion PIPE Edit Menu - Page 3 From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. Page 3 of the PIPE Edit Menu should now display. The legend below the word “DIR” (Direction) should now be blinking. Pipe Voice Pan This Advanced Feature allows you to simulate different placements of pipe ranks.
  • Page 54 Drawbars & Percussion Left to Right - the pipes producing lower pitches are on the left. Playing notes chromatically going up on the keyboard will cause the pipes on the left to sound first. Right to Left - the pipes producing higher pitches are on the right. Playing notes chromatically going up on the keyboard will cause the pipes on the left to sound first.
  • Page 55 PERCUSSION - Touch-Response Percussion An important component of the Hammond Sound is Touch-Response Percussion Control. On a vintage Hammond console organ, this feature is controlled by four tilting tablets on the extreme right of the control panel which look like this: The PERCUSSION controls on the Sk-series consist of four separate Touch Tabs, located immediately to the right of the Drawbars, which control harmonic Percussion tones playable from the Upper Keyboard.
  • Page 56 Drawbars & Percussion PERCUSSION Edit Menu This Advanced Feature Menu allows you to make various changes to the characteristics of the Percussion. Accessing the PERCUSSION Edit Menu Using the MENU/EXIT Touch Button: From any of the PLAY Mode screens, touch the MENU/EXIT Touch Button once. The Information Center Display should now look like this: The word “DRAWBAR”...
  • Page 57 Percussion Decay to your liking. IMPORTANT NOTE: This Advanced Feature replicates the PERCUSSION CUTOFF control found on the preamp of a vintage Hammond Organ. Use the PAGE LEFT and PAGE RIGHT Touch Buttons to select either “SLOW” or “FAST.” When you have made your selection: Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to the right to lengthen the Decay.
  • Page 58 Turn the VALUE Rotary Control to turn Percussion Velocity Sensitivity "ON" or “OFF.” NOTE: Although vintage Hammond Organs do not have this feature, a player more accustomed to a piano touch may want to try this feature, and may find the Touch-Response Percussion somewhat easier to use.
  • Page 59 From the previous screen, touch the PAGE RIGHT Touch Button once. The letters underneath the word “KTRK” should now be blinking. On the original Hammond Organs with Touch-Response Percussion Control, such as the B-3, C-3, RT-3 and A-100, the Percussion sounds would taper off slightly at higher frequencies. This Advanced Feature is designed to replicate this characteristic of the Percussion.
  • Page 60 When Percussion Drawbar Cancel is turned “ON,” the 8th harmonic Drawbar will be canceled when Percussion is "ON". This replicates the original Hammond Organs with Touch-Response Percussion Control, such as the B-3, C-3, RT-3 and A- 100 series. When this feature is turned “OFF,” the 8th harmonic Drawbar (1') will continue to sound while Percussion is "ON".

This manual is also suitable for:

Sk 1Sk 2Sk 1-73Sk 1-88

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