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Spectral Instruments 1100 Series User Manual

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Spectral Instruments 1100 Series User Manual

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  • Page 1 Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality new and certified-used/pre-owned equipment SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT • FAST SHIPPING AND DELIVERY Experienced engineers and technicians on staff Sell your excess, underutilized, and idle used equipment at our full-service, in-house repair center We also offer credit for buy-backs and trade-ins •...
  • Page 2 1100 Series Camera System User's Manual P/N 4501 Revision B © 2005, 2006, 2007,2008, 2010 Spectral Instruments, Inc. TUCSON, ARIZONA Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com...
  • Page 3 Spectral Instruments Notes The AC-DC power supply operates on incoming mains voltages from 100V to 240V AC at 50/60 Hz, with a maximum fluctuation of plus or minus 10%. The equipment is intended to be used in an installation category II, pollution degree 2 environment.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    1.2.3 Hooking Up Your Camera To Your Equipment 1.2.4 Shutters And Timing Considerations 1.2.5 Lenses, Light Paths and Vignetting 1.3 The 1100 Series Camera Power Supply Chassis 1.3.1 The Camera DC Supply 1.3.2 Power Requirements 1.3.3 Thermo Electric Power Supply 1.4 The Cooling System...
  • Page 5 Spectral Instruments 2.5 Commanding The Camera 2.6 Initial Tests 2.6.1 Types Of Images 2.6.2 Default Camera Readout Format 2.6.3 Dark Image - Warm Camera 3. COOLING THE CAMERA 3.1 Image Quality 3.2 Performance Metrics 3.2.1 Noise 3.2.2 Dark Signal Generation Rate 3.3 Other Metrics...
  • Page 6 Spectral Instruments 5.6 Cleaning The Window 5.6.1 Equipment Required 5.6.2 The Process 6. FIELD REPLACEABLE COMPONENTS 6.1 Camera And Power Supply Part Numbers 6.2 Cables And Lines 6.2.1 Camera Data And Power Cables 6.2.2 Cryo-cooler Refrigerant Lines 6.2.3 Power Supply Part Numbers 6.3 The PDCI Card...
  • Page 7 Spectral Instruments 8.4 Camera Reports The Proper Temperature But Dark Is High 8.5 Camera Does Not Cool 8.6 Condensation On The Camera Window APPENDIX A CCD Readout Format APPENDIX B Multi-Port CCD Readout Parameters Multi-Port CCD Image Pixel Data Format...

  • Page 8: Introduction

    Introduction The 1100 Series Camera System is a multi-port (from one to four ports) 16-bit camera that is available cooled to cryogenic temperatures (-70 C to –120 C) using a re-circulating refrigerant cooler or Thermo-Electrically cooled (–30 C to –70 C).
  • Page 9 Spectral Instruments Digital images are organized in a row/column format. Image elements (pixels) emerge from a corner of the sensor. A sensor with more than one active corner produces more than one stream of pixels during readout. Figure 1., below, illustrates a single-port and a four-port CCD.

  • Page 10: Multi-Port Readout And Sub-Arrays

    The columns are still horizontal on the figure and rows are vertical in the image. Spectral Instruments’ SI-Image software package displays the first pixel, the 0,0 pixel, at the lower left-hand side of your display. The pixels in each row are displayed vertically.

  • Page 11: Sensitivity Of The Camera

    Spectral Instruments Some versions of an 1100 Series camera system employ a refrigerated cooler that is capable of lowering the temperature of the CCD below -110 C. Spectral Instruments determines the optimum operating temperature for the particular CCD you selected and sets that value as the operating temperature. There is no reason to run warmer, as performance only degrades due to dark signal.
  • Page 12 Figure 2A 1100 Series Cryo-cooled Camera Head Connectors Figure 2B. 1100 Series TE Cooled Camera Head Connectors Pt # 4501 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com...

  • Page 13: The Ccd Chamber

    The window thickness is between 3 and 4 mm depending upon its diameter. Fiber-optic coupled CCD cameras seal the CCD chamber at the fiber optic. Those models of an 1100 Series camera head cooled by a closed cycle cryogenic refrigerator include a cold end capable of attaining temperatures as low as –190 C.

  • Page 14: The Camera Head Module 1

    Spectral Instruments has designed a camera that is essentially bias-pattern-free when it is operated from a single power source as directed in Section 2.3. If that...
  • Page 15 Spectral Instruments charge continuously while the CCD is staring into the application waiting for a trigger event. The trigger event is provided by the application. The camera ceases clearing immediately (within 5 milliseconds) upon receipt of the trigger and stares into the application accumulating an image. At some later time the camera is read out.
  • Page 16 Spectral Instruments 8-Pin Trigger 2-Pin Shutter Figure 4. Figure 5. Pt # 4501 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com...

  • Page 17: Lenses, Light Paths And Vignetting

    1.2.5 Lenses, Light Paths and Vignetting Spectral Instruments does not provide a lens. This is because most applications that can utilize the precision of a SICCD camera already provide an image plane at which the SICCD camera is positioned. A lens is useful for imaging with the camera “straight out of the box”...

  • Page 18: Power Requirements

    Spectral Instruments The power supply provides an AC output that is used to connect a TE liquid circulator or a refrigerated compressor. The AC output is turned on by software. Indicators on the front panel show the power and status of the AC output.

  • Page 19: The Cooling System

    The 1100 Series cameras includes an A/C relay in the power supply that turns off power to the Cryo-cooler if the temperature becomes too cold, if the DSP ceases running or if the camera power is turned off.

  • Page 20: The Cryo-Cooled Camera Service Cabinet

    Spectral Instruments 1.4.3 The Cryo-Cooled Camera Service Cabinet Cryo-cooled cameras are configured with the camera DC power supply and the cooling compressor mounted in a wheeled cabinet. A manual is provided with the service cabinet. In the instance of the refrigerant being flammable, the service cabinet is shipped without the cooling line filter/drier installed but it is provided in a separate box and must be installed per the accompanying manual.
  • Page 21 Spectral Instruments Pt # 4501 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com...

  • Page 22: Receiving Your 1100 Series Camera System 2

    Receiving Your 1100 Series Camera System The Series 1100 camera system is shipped in containers that are industry standard for electronic equipment. Do not discard them if the equipment is to be transported. Shipping Configuration The number of boxes depends upon the camera. For Cryo-cooled cameras, two crates hold the entire system.

  • Page 23: Other Requirements 2

    Assembly Of The Camera System Figure 7 shows, for a TEC system, how the 1100 Series camera components connect and how the AC power must be connected. Refer to the camera System Service Manual for a cryo-cooled system.

  • Page 24: Assembly Of A Cryo-Cooling System 2

    Spectral Instruments installed. The Cryo-cooler hoses are not exceedingly flexible and it may be best to connect those hoses before mounting the camera head into the application. 2.3.2 Assembly Of A Cryo-Cooling System For Cryo-cooler installation, refer to the Cryo-cooler manual. Note: There is a requirement that the Cryo-cooler sit upright for at least four hours after it has been tilted from the upright position.
  • Page 25 Spectral Instruments Figure 8 2.3.2.2 Connecting The Cryo-cooler The two Cryo-cooler cooling lines are pre-charged. One is the supply line and the other is the return line. The supply line is marked as such by a SUPPLY label in red ink. The RETURN line is also marked as such but in green ink. The connectors are identical.
  • Page 26 Spectral Instruments The most important aspect of connecting the cooling lines is to make very certain that the axis of the line connector is parallel to the axis of the plug to which it is being attached. It is necessary to securely hold the line so it remains parallel to the plug with one hand while manually threading the connector on the line onto the plug.

  • Page 27: Assembly Of A Te Cooling System

    2.3.3 Assembly Of A TE Cooling System If a re-circulating liquid chilling system is supplied by Spectral Instruments, it will not be charged with liquid. The proper mixture is 50% Glycol and 50% de-ionized water. Do not use a mixture with a higher Glycol ratio as this would result in a reduced cooling capacity.

  • Page 28: Pdci Fiber Optic Digital Camera Interface

    The fiber optic PDCI interface card is a PCI bus serial data interface card for the Spectral Instruments 1100 series cameras that uses a MT-RJ fiber optic cable. It accepts camera image data at rates up to 64 Mbytes/second and directs it to computer memory by bus-master direct memory access.

  • Page 29: Commanding The Camera

    Final performance metrics cannot be undertaken until the camera has cooled down to its operating temperature. There are several configurations the 1100 Series camera can assume. For some of them it is not possible to “take a light image” without fully integrating the camera into the equipment.

  • Page 30: Types Of Images

    Spectral Instruments 2.6.1 Types Of Images SICCD cameras provide access to all of the components of an image. These are: 1) the electrical offset introduced to keep all of the pixel values as positive integers – the bias. Bias is a 0-second exposure dark image.

  • Page 31: Dark Image - Warm Camera

    Spectral Instruments The best image for showing all of the components of overscan readout is a dark exposure with a moderately cold camera looking into an application that has a small light leak! For very cold cameras the light leak must be very small as the dark signal will be quite low.

  • Page 32: Cooling The Camera 3

    Cooling The Camera The Cryo-cooled camera requires a stabilization period before measurements can be made. After the Cryo-cooler has sustained a vertical posture for the required four hours, cooling can be turned on. The Cryo-cooled camera head requires one to two hours to achieve the operating temperature range and another ¼...

  • Page 33: Performance Metrics 3

    Spectral Instruments Performance Metrics Continuing to avoid exposing the CCD to light, it is time to measure some performance parameters. The SICCD camera meets three primary performance metrics, which can be verified without excessive time or instrumentation. These are: 3.2.1...

  • Page 34: Other Metrics 3

    If another metric is vital to your application, that performance metric - and its method of evaluation - have been established between Spectral Instruments and yourself and a process set up to validate that metric on each of your cameras.
  • Page 35 Spectral Instruments Pt # 4501 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com...

  • Page 36: Using The Camera

    Using The Camera Kinds Of Images An image obtained from a SICCD camera is made up of: a) a DC offset, or bias, introduced to assure all pixel values are positive integers, b) the thermal signature of your camera - the dark signal image, and c) the target image at which you pointed your camera.

  • Page 37: Light Images

    To reduce the impact of dark signal, Spectral Instruments 1100 Series cameras utilize a refrigerated cooling system that allows the CCD to be operated at as low a temperature as is consistent with that CCD continuing to operate as a SICCD sensor.

  • Page 38: Problems With Images - The Master Image Solution

    Almost every change in the behavior of the camera electronics is revealed in the bias image. The intrinsic conversion factor and the dark signal generation rate are the only parameters that are not essentially revealed in the bias from a 1100 Series camera.

  • Page 39: Dark Images

    4.2.2 Dark Images For a 1100 Series camera, the dark image is equivalent to the bias image unless a very long (typically greater than five minutes) exposure is obtained. If all of the exposures to be obtained from your 1100 Series camera are going to be the same duration with the camera in the same environment there is no need to obtain separate bias and dark images as master images.

  • Page 40: Light Images

    Spectral Instruments As with master bias images, it is very informative to retain master dark images in an archive. 4.2.3 Light Images The major application characteristic of a light image is the variation in attenuation experienced by photons traveling to each pixel. If they are all attenuated - but equally - the problem becomes one of scaling.

  • Page 41: Correcting Images

    Spectral Instruments Correcting Images The preceding section discussed obtaining master calibration images. Presumably you now have a master bias, a master dark and a master flat image for the current configuration of your application and for the readout mode you are going to use.

  • Page 42: Limitations On The Flat Field Process 4

    Spectral Instruments parameter” you will use to scale all target images that will be corrected using this master flat image. Now you have a master bias, a master dark that has been corrected for hot pixels and a master flat with a scaling parameter. You are ready to proceed to correct a target image.
  • Page 43 Spectral Instruments a number of images even the multiplier 10000 is OK as the dynamic range is retained. Clearly, the value of the multiplier affects the magnitude of the resulting images. For inter-comparison among a number of different sets of images or sequences of...

  • Page 44: Camera System Warranty And Service 4

    Returning A Camera For Service A 1100 Series camera can only be serviced at the factory. You must obtain a Return Material Authorization number from Spectral Instruments customer service department before any camera component is returned for service.

  • Page 45: First Checks 4

    This sensor operates over a pressure range from 10 torr to about 10 torr. A facility is provided within the 1100 Series camera head status feedback to report the current camera head pressure. Software supplied by Spectral Instruments incorporates this capability into a user status report on the pressure inside of the camera head vessel.

  • Page 46: Refreshing The Camera Vacuum

    WARNING: A camera must be at room temperature before any attempt is made to refresh the vacuum. The Spectral Instruments 1100 Series camera provides an electrically valved port for refreshing the vacuum inside the camera head. It is necessary to refresh the vacuum when the pressure is higher than 2 torr.

  • Page 47: Equipment Required

    Lesker Company at 4414 Highway 75 S., Sherman, TX 75090 (1-800-245-1656). The other parts are available from the McMaster-Carr and Swagelok catalogs. The entire kit can be purchased from Spectral Instruments as Part # 2268 “Assy, field service vacuum pump system”.
  • Page 48 Spectral Instruments Figure 9 Vacuum Pump Pt # 4501 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com...
  • Page 49 Spectral Instruments ED-A37122919 Kurt J. Lesker 230-volt 1.5 cfm mechanical pump ED-A37122902 Kurt J. Lesker 110-volt 1.5 cfm mechanical pump MMA-077-2QF2 Kurt J. Lesker 230-volt Micromaze foreline trap MMA-077-2QF Kurt J. Lesker 110-volt Micromaze foreline trap ED-A46220000 Kurt J. Lesker...

  • Page 50: The Refresh Process

    5.5.1.2 Vacuum Hose Fitting The vacuum port on a 1100 Series cameras is a ¼” metal tube that extends from the vacuum valve. The end of the vacuum hose that connects to the camera head must be equipped with some suitable attachment mechanism for sealing to this ¼”...

  • Page 51: Cleaning The Window

    10 torr else the camera head vacuum refresh process failed. Call Spectral Instruments Customer Service for assistance on how to proceed if the vacuum refresh process failed. Cleaning The Window Cleaning the window is not a recommended practice as it is hard to make the window better by cleaning unless it is done very carefully.

  • Page 52: The Process

    Spectral Instruments A small quantity of methanol, ethanol and/or toluene 5.6.2 The Process Set the camera on its side so that the shutter/window is easily accessible. Set up the high-intensity light probe so that a grazing incident beam can be directed at the window.
  • Page 53 Spectral Instruments Pt # 4501 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com...

  • Page 54: Field Replaceable Components

    Field Replaceable Components Table 2, below, lists the components of an 1100 Series camera system. The list includes options for both fiber optic data and AIA data coupling as well as options for a Cryo-cooled camera and a TE cooled camera.

  • Page 55: Cryo-Cooler Refrigerant Lines 5

    A service pack of refrigerant gas can be obtained from Spectral Instruments or from a nearby Poly-Cold service center. PT-30 gas is used with most of the camera heads.

  • Page 56: System Operation And Safety

    System Operation And Safety Electrical Requirements 7.1.1 Incoming Power The camera system must be connected to properly-installed incoming mains AC power. It is important that an electrical transient surge protector be included somewhere in the incoming mains AC power to the camera system. 7.1.2 Power Cords For U.S.

  • Page 57: Aggressive Vapors

    Spectral Instruments must be used in instances where either condition might otherwise be exceeded. 7.2.5 Aggressive Vapors The camera system must not be exposed to aggressive vapors. Specifically, salt-laden air causes micro-crystals of salt to form on all of the components inside the camera electronics unit and the camera head.

  • Page 58: Refreshing The Vacuum

    2 environment. Warnings The return line heater is to be used only when the Spectral Instruments Cryo- cooled camera is also in operation. This equipment must be used as described in this manual. If it is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

  • Page 59: Troubleshooting

    Spectral Instruments Troubleshooting Image Issues The following quality items do not exhaust the possible image quality syndromes but these are common ones. The discussion here is to assist in determining whether or not the problem can be rectified in the field.

  • Page 60: Streaks In The Image

    Pickup noise will not go away. Photo-response pattern will subtract. The 1100 Series cameras allow selection of the direction of shifting in the serial register. Changing the shift direction is analogous to disconnecting the video signal. This is an easy way to generate a bias image that is not connected to the CCD image area.

  • Page 61: Noisy Image

    8.1.3.1 Isolation And Detection It is recommended that you consult with Spectral Instruments if you have a noise pattern that is not cured by plugging the computer, the camera and the Cryo-cooler into the same plug strip or electrically isolating the camera head from other equipment.
  • Page 62 Spectral Instruments As illustrated in Appendix A, it is possible to readout the CCD using overscan mode. Turn off the Cryo-cooler and warm up the camera head. Set up the readout so that overscan pixels are read in the serial direction. Insure that enough overscan pixels are read that some number of “imaginary”...
  • Page 63 Spectral Instruments inside the camera head. If it is above 2 torr it is possible that the CCD is being warmed by convection. In any event, a pressure at or above 2 torr is time to pump the camera. If the dark is very much too high it is possible that the CCD has become separated from the cold block where the temperature is measured.

  • Page 64: Ccd Readout Format

    Appendix A CCD Readout Format A refresher on row/column terminology. Figure 10. below, shows a single port readout image. The physical orientation on the page matches the way that SI-Image shows it on the screen of your computer. Your software may present the image in a different orientation.
  • Page 65 The extra pixels in the serial register are typically called pre-scan and post-scan. However, this terminology usually also includes the dark masked pixels which are actually on the parallel register. Spectral Instruments calls the extra pixels in the serial register pre-extension and post-extension. Note that it is quite possible to extend the post-extension into imaginary non-existent pixels and the difference between post-extension and imaginary pixels is usually negligible.
  • Page 66 Spectral Instruments Parallel Parallel Parallel Parallel Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Serial Readout Pre- Illumin- Over- Readout Pre- Pre- Illumin- Register register Dim. Mask ated Scan Dim. ext. Mask ated Post Post Pixels Pixels Mask Ext. CCD 485 2048 2040...
  • Page 67 Spectral Instruments Pt # 4501 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com...

  • Page 68: Multi-Port Ccd Readout Parameters

    Appendix B Multi-Port CCD Readout Parameters 1100 Series cameras support readout through more than one port. This feature only works with those CCDs that are designed to split the readout into more than one output amplifier. It is always possible to read out a multi-port CCD through one single port.

  • Page 69: Single-Port Ccd Image Orientation

    Spectral Instruments Single-Port CCD Image Orientation Referencing Figure 11. Again, note the arrows in each quadrant. The arrows point diagonally toward the opposite corner denoting the direction in which a readout proceeds. Switching between A and B outputs flips the image vertically. The SI-...
  • Page 70 Spectral Instruments Figure 11. Multi-Port CCD Readout Format Serial Phasing Serial Split Action Shift to A and C outputs Shift to B and D outputs Split both serial registers and shift to all four output amplifiers Invalid! Charge shifts to the center of the serial registers Table 9.
  • Page 71 Spectral Instruments Figure 12 Parallel Phasing Parallel Split Action Shift to A/B outputs (depends upon serial split) Shift to C/D outputs (depends upon serial split) Split and shift to A/B and C/D outputs Invalid! Charge shifts to the center of the CCD Table 10.

  • Page 72: Sensitivity And Attenuation

    40,000 to more than 500,000 electrons in each pixel depending upon CCD type. An 1100 Series camera that employs a 16-bit ADC converts the signal of the CCD into numbers that range from 0 to 65535. A 14-bit ADC converts signal of the CCD into numbers that range from 0 to 16385.
  • Page 73 Spectral Instruments read time and the equivalent readout rate. This table applies to a 50 kHz analog processing timing scheme and is representative only. DSI Sample Time Pixel Read Time In Pixel Readout Parameter Microseconds Rate In Kilohertz (0 or 1) 2.50...
  • Page 74 The Series 1100 cameras utilizes a command protocol that is an extension of the G@ command set used in other SI cameras. The commands are described in full detail in Spectral Instruments document Pt # 5914. Appendix E. Series 1100 Acquisition Mode Description Series 1100 cameras implement a user-selectable acquisition mode that is set by Parameter 17 in the configuration table.
  • Page 75 Spectral Instruments would allow a 2 or 4 port readout to produce a smooth ramp image in the parallel direction. This mode produces the value from the digital offset register. • This allows diagnostics like having each output produce a distinct constant value for debugging de-interlacing routines for our customers who write their own software.
  • Page 76 Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality new and certified-used/pre-owned equipment SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT • FAST SHIPPING AND DELIVERY Experienced engineers and technicians on staff Sell your excess, underutilized, and idle used equipment at our full-service, in-house repair center We also offer credit for buy-backs and trade-ins •...

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