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NEO-5
u-blox 5 GPS Modules
Hardware Integration Manual
Abstract
This document describes the hardware features and specifications of the
u-blox 5 powered NEO-5 series of cost effective, high-performance ROM-Based GPS
modules.
Features include AssistNow Online and AssistNow Offline A-GPS services, KickStart
accelerated acquisition, SuperSense
tracking sensitivity, low power consumption and an innovative jamming-resistant RF
architecture. The compact 16.0 x 12.2 mm form factor of the highly successful NEO-4S
is maintained, enabling easy migration. The NEO-5 series supports passive and active
antennas.
your position is our focus
®
Indoor GPS providing best-in-class acquisition and
u-blox AG
Zürcherstrasse 68
8800 Thalwil
Switzerland
www.u-blox.com
Phone +41 44 722 7444
Fax +41 44 722 7447
info@u-blox.com
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Table of Contents
Related Manuals for u-blox NEO-5 Series
Summary of Contents for u-blox NEO-5 Series
- Page 1 www.u-blox.com Phone +41 44 722 7444 Fax +41 44 722 7447 info@u-blox.com NEO-5 u-blox 5 GPS Modules Hardware Integration Manual Abstract This document describes the hardware features and specifications of the u-blox 5 powered NEO-5 series of cost effective, high-performance ROM-Based GPS modules. Features include AssistNow Online and AssistNow Offline A-GPS services, KickStart ® accelerated acquisition, SuperSense Indoor GPS providing best-in-class acquisition and tracking sensitivity, low power consumption and an innovative jamming-resistant RF architecture. The compact 16.0 x 12.2 mm form factor of the highly successful NEO-4S is maintained, enabling easy migration. The NEO-5 series supports passive and active antennas. ...
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Page 2: Neo-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Gps.g5-Ms5-08003-A2
This document and the use of any information contained therein, is subject to the acceptance of the u-blox terms and conditions. They can be downloaded from www.u-blox.com. u-blox makes no warranties based on the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. u-blox reserves all rights to this document and the information contained herein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express permission is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2008, u-blox AG. For most recent documents, please visit www.u-blox.com ... -
Page 3: Preface
your position is our focus Preface u-blox Technical Documentation As part of our commitment to customer support, u-blox maintains an extensive volume of technical documentation for our products. In addition to our product-specific technical data sheets, the following manuals are available to assist u-blox customers in product design and development. • GPS Compendium: This document, also known as the GPS book, provides a wealth of information regarding generic GPS questions about system functionalities and technology. • Protocol Specification: Messages, configuration and functionalities of the u-blox 5 software releases are explained in this document. • Hardware Integration Manual: This Manual provides hardware design instructions and information on ... -
Page 4: Contact
By E-mail If you have technical problems or cannot find the required information in the provided documents, contact the nearest of the Technical Support offices by email. Use our service pool email addresses rather than any personal email address of our staff. This makes sure that your request is processed as soon as possible. You will find the contact details at the end of the document. By Phone If an email contact is not the right choice to solve your problem or does not clearly answer your questions, call the nearest Technical Support office for assistance. You will find the contact details at the end of the document. Helpful Information when Contacting Technical Support When contacting Technical Support please have the following information ready: • Receiver type (e.g. NEO-5M) and firmware version (e.g. V4.00) • Receiver configuration • Clear description of your question or the problem together with a u-center logfile • A short description of the application • Your complete contact details NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 4 ... -
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Display Data Channel (DDC) ......................13 2.3.4 Synchronous Peripheral Interface (SPI) ..................13 I/O Pins ............................... 13 2.4.1 EXTINT0 ............................13 2.4.2 Configuration Pins (CFG_COM0, CFG_GPS0) ................13 Design-In ............................14 2.5.1 Schematic Design-In Checklist for u-blox 5 .................. 14 2.5.2 NEO-5 Design..........................14 2.5.3 Design for NEO-5M/ NEO-5Q ...................... 16 Layout Design-In Checklist........................18 Layout ..............................19 2.7.1 Footprint ............................. 19 2.7.2 Paste Mask .......................... - Page 6 Grounding Metal Covers ......................34 3.3.13 Use of Ultrasonic Processes......................34 Product Testing......................35 u-blox In-Series Production Test ......................35 Test Parameters for OEM Manufacturer....................35 System Sensitivity Test ........................36 4.3.1 Guidelines for Sensitivity Tests ..................... 36 4.3.2 ‘Go/No go’ tests for integrated devices..................36 A Migration to u-blox 5 receivers .................37 Migration from NEO-4S to NEO-5....................... 37 NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Contents GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 6 ...
- Page 7 Decoupling Capacitors ........................ 46 Shielding ............................48 C.3.1 Feed through Capacitors ......................48 C.3.2 Shielding Sets of Sub-System Assembly ..................50 D Lists ..........................51 List of Figures ............................. 51 List of Tables............................52 Glossary ........................52 Related Documents ......................53 Contact..........................2 4 8 H NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Contents GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 7 ...
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Page 8: Hardware Description
1.1 Functional Overview The NEO-5 module series is a family of self-contained GPS receivers featuring the high performance 50-channel u-blox 5 positioning engine. These modules provide exceptional GPS performance in a compact form factor and at an economical price. u-blox 5 sets a new standard in GPS receiver technology. A 32-channel acquisition engine with over 1 million effective correlators is capable of massive parallel searches across the time/frequency space. This enables a Time To First Fix (TTFF) of less than 1 second, while long correlation/dwell times make ... -
Page 9: Architecture
your position is our focus 1.3 Architecture NEO-5 modules are divided into two distinct, separately shielded sections. The smaller section is the RF- Section, the larger section contains the Baseband. See Figure 1 for a block diagram of the NEO-5 series. The RF Front-End contains the integrated Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), the SAW bandpass filter, the u-blox 5 RF-IC and the TCXO or XTO crystal. The Baseband section contains the digital circuitry comprised of the u-blox 5 Baseband processor, the RTC crystal and additional elements such as the optional FLASH EPROM for enhanced programmability and flexibility. RF_IN TIMEPULSE Baseband Processor UART Filter RF Front-End Digital VCC_RF IF Filter Engine with EXTINT Integrated LNA SRAM ROM Code VCC SPI (optional) V_BACKUP Power Backup Management USB V2.0 ARM7 CPU TCXO or XTAL... -
Page 10: Design-In
(see datasheet for specification) for a short time. In order to define a battery capacity for specific applications the sustained power figure shall be used. 2.1.1.2 V_BCKP - Backup Battery In case of a power failure on pin VCC, the real-time clock and backup RAM are supplied through pin V_BCKP. This enables the u-blox 5 receiver to recover from a power failure with either a Hotstart or a Warmstart (depending on the duration of VCC outage) and to maintain the configuration settings. If no backup battery is connected, the receiver performs a Coldstart at power up. If no backup battery available connect the V_BCKP pin to GND (or VCC). As long as VCC is supplied to the u-blox 5 receiver, the backup battery is disconnected from the RTC and the ... -
Page 11: Power Modes
With NEO-5 modules active antennas are supplied via an external coil or circuit. See Section 2.5.2 for more information. 2.2 System Functions 2.2.1 EXTINT - External Interrupt Pin EXTINT0 is an external interrupt pin. It will be used in future NEO-5 releases for wake-up functions in low-power modes. 2.2.2 System Monitoring The u-blox-5 GPS and GALILEO Receiver provides System Monitoring functions that allow the operation of the embedded processor and associated peripherals to be supervised. These System Monitoring functions are being output as part of the UBX protocol, class ‘MON’. Please refer to the u-blox 5 Protocol Specification [3]. For more information on UBX messages, serial interfaces for design analysis and individual system monitoring functions. 2.3 Interfaces 2.3.1 Serial UART 1 (RxD1/TxD1) is the default serial interface. It supports data rates from 4.8 kBit/s to 115 kBit/s. The signal levels are CMOS 0 V to VCC. An interface based on RS232 standard levels (+/- 12 V) can be realized using level shifters such as Maxim MAX3232. The RxD1 has fixed input voltage thresholds, which do not depend on VCC (see NEO-5 Data Sheet [2]). Leave open if unused. ... - Page 12 C23, Capacitors Required according to the specification of LDO U1 C24 D2 Protection Protect circuit from overvoltage diodes / ESD when connecting. R4, R5 Serial Establish a full-speed driver A value of 27 Ohms is recommended. termination impedance of 28…44 Ohms resistors R11 Resistor Ensures stable signal at VDD_USB. Table 3: Summary of USB external components NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 12 ...
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Page 13: Display Data Channel (Ddc)
NEO-5Q and NEO-5M provide one or two pins for boot-time configuration. These pins become effective immediately after start-up. Once the module has started, the configuration settings may be modified with UBX configuration messages. The modified settings remain effective until power-down or reset. If these settings have been stored in battery-backup RAM, then the modified configuration will be retained, as long as the backup battery supply is not interrupted. Some configuration pins are shared with other functions, e.g. SPI. During start-up, the module reads the state of the configuration pins. Afterwards the other functions can be used. For more information about settings and messages see the NEO-5 Data Sheet [2]. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 13 ... -
Page 14: Design-In
The Layout Design-In Checklist also helps to avoid an unnecessary respin of the PCB and helps to achieve the best possible performance. It is highly recommended to follow the Design-In Checklist when developing any u-blox 5 GPS applications. This can significantly reduce development time and costs. Have you chosen the optimal module? NEO-5 ... - Page 15 • Decide whether TIMEPULSE options are required in your application and connect the appropriate pins on your module • Connect pins 8 and 9 together. • NEO-5 modules do not provide the antenna bias voltage for active antennas on the RF_IN pin. It is therefore necessary to provide this voltage outside the module via an inductor as indicated in Figure 5. u-blox recommends using an inductor from Coilcraft (0402CS-36NX). Alternative parts can be used if the inductor’s resonant frequency matches the GPS frequency of 1575.4MHz. Active Antenna Low Noise Amplifier RF_IN VCC_RF Figure 5: Recommended wiring for active antennas •...
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Page 16: Design For Neo-5M/ Neo-5Q
Top View Micro Processor SCL2 USB_DP Micro (USB) TxD1 USB_DM Processor RxD1 EXTINT0 (serial) V_BCKP TIMEPULSE USB port (optional) SS_N/NC Reserved Backup Battery Figure 7: Passive Antenna Design for NEO-5 Receivers NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 16 ... - Page 17 3.6V tolerant serial input. Internal pull-up resistor to VCC. Leave open if not used. RxD1 I Serial Port 1 Don’t use an external pull up resistor. Backup voltage It’s recommended to connect a backup battery to V_BCKP in order to enable V_BCKP I supply Warm and Hot Start features on the receiver. Otherwise connect to GND. VCC I Supply voltage Max allowed ripple on VCC=50mVpp GND I Ground See pin 10. Table 4: Pinout NEO-5 Planned availability of Bus Powered Mode: Q1/09 NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 17 ...
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Page 18: Layout Design-In Checklist
For improved shielding, add as many vias as possible around the micro strip, around the serial communication lines, underneath the GPS module etc. Calculation of the micro strip (Section 2.7.5) The micro strip must be 50 Ohms and be routed in a section of the PCB where minimal interference from noise sources can be expected. In case of a multi-layer PCB, use the thickness of the dielectric between the signal and the 1st GND layer (typically the 2nd layer) for the micro strip calculation. If the distance between the micro strip and the adjacent GND area (on the same layer) does not exceed 5 times the track width of the micro strip, use the “Coplanar Waveguide” model in AppCad to calculate the micro strip and not the “micro strip” model. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 18 ... -
Page 19: Layout
Figure 8: Recommended footprint 2.7.2 Paste Mask Figure 9 shows the recommended positioning of the Paste Mask, the Copper and Solder masks, as well as the step stencil. These are recommendations only and not specifications. Note that the Copper and Solder masks have the same size and position. To improve the wetting of the half vias, reduce the amount of solder paste under the module and increase the volume outside of the module by defining the dimensions of the paste mask to form a T-shape (or equivalent) extending beyond the Copper mask as shown in Figure 9. In addition, use a step stencil covering the entire area of the module and beyond the paste mask to increase the volume of solder paste here. The solder paste at the step stencil should have a total thickness of 175 to 200 μm. If a step stencil is not used it is still advisable to increase the volume of solder paste outside the module to attain the desired level of wetting. This must be done by modifying the shape of the paste mask outside the module, to allow for the increased volume of solder paste. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 19 ... -
Page 20: Placement
Make sure that RF critical circuits are clearly separated from any other digital circuits on the system board. To achieve this, position the receiver digital part towards your digital section of the system PCB. Care must also be exercised with placing the receiver in proximity to circuitry that can emit heat. The RF part of the receiver is very sensitive to temperature and sudden changes can have an adverse impact on performance. The RF part of the receiver is a temperature sensitive component. Avoid high temperature drift and air vents near the receiver. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 20 ... -
Page 21: Antenna Connection And Grounding Plane Design
Digital Part RF& heat 'emitting' circuits Digital & Analog circuits Digital & Analog circuits Figure 10: Placement 2.7.4 Antenna Connection and Grounding Plane Design u-blox 5 modules can be connected to passive patch or active antennas. The RF connection is on the PCB and connects the RF_IN pin with the antenna feed point or the signal pin of the connector, respectively. Figure 11 illustrates connection to a typical five-pin RF connector. One can see the improved shielding for digital lines as discussed in Appendix C.3. Depending on the actual size of the ground area, additional vias should be placed in the outer region. In particular, the edges of the ground area should be terminated with a dense line of vias. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 21 ... - Page 22 Module Module Ground plane Ground plane Either don't use these layers or fill with ground planes Figure 12: PCB build-up for Micro strip line. Left: 2-layer PCB, right: 4-layer PCB NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 22 ...
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Page 23: Antenna Micro Strip
The micro strip is the most common configuration for printed circuit boards. The basic configuration is shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14. As a rule of thumb, for a FR-4 material the width of the conductor is roughly double the thickness of the dielectric to achieve 50 Ohms line impedance. For the correct calculation of the micro strip impedance, one does not only need to consider the distance between the top and the first inner layer but also the distance between the micro strip and the adjacent GND plane on the same layer Use the Coplanar Waveguide model for the calculation of the micro strip. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Design-In GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 23 ... -
Page 24: Antenna And Antenna Supervisor
Figure 14: Micro strip on a multi layer board (Agilent AppCAD Coplanar Waveguide) 2.8 Antenna and Antenna Supervisor u-blox 5 modules receive L1 band signals from GPS and GALILEO satellites at a nominal frequency of 1575.42 MHz. The RF signal is connected to the RF_IN pin. u-blox 5 modules can be connected to passive or active antennas. ... -
Page 25: Active Antenna
your position is our focus Some passive antenna designs present a DC short to the RF input, when connected. If a system is designed with antenna bias supply AND there is a chance of a passive antenna being connected to the design, consider a short circuit protection. All u-blox 5 receivers have a built-in LNA required for passive antennas. 2.8.2 Active Antenna NEO-5 modules do not provide the antenna bias voltage for active antennas at the RF_IN pin. See Section 2.5.2 for more information. 2.8.3 Active Antenna Supervisor NEO-5 modules do not support the Antenna Supervisor. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual ... -
Page 26: Product Handling
All NEO-5 modules are RoHS compliant (lead-free). 3.1 Packaging NEO-5 modules are delivered as hermetically sealed, reeled tapes in order to enable efficient production, production lot set-up and tear-down. Figure 15: Reeled u-blox 5 Modules 3.1.1 Reels NEO-5 modules for GPS and GALILEO are deliverable in quantities of 250pcs on a reel. The dimensions of the reel are shown in Figure 16. Figure 16: Dimension of reel for 250 pieces (dimensions unless otherwise specified in mm) NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual ... -
Page 27: Tapes
Figure 17: Dimensions and orientation for NEO-5 modules on tape 3.2 Shipment, Storage and Handling 3.2.1 Handling u-blox 5 modules are designed and packaged to be processed in an automatic assembly line, and are shipped in Tape-and-Reel. These components contain highly sensitive electronic circuitry. Handling the NEO-5 modules without proper ESD protection may destroy or damage them permanently. -
Page 28: Storage
Figure 18: Applicable MSD Label (See Section 3.1 for baking instructions) 3.2.3 Storage Shelf life in sealed bag is 12 months at <40°C and <90% relative humidity. 3.2.4 Handling A humidity indicator card and a desiccant bag to absorb humidity are enclosed in the sealed package. The parts are shipped on tape-and-reel in a hermetically sealed package. If no moisture has been absorbed, the three fields in the humidity indicator card indicate blue color. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Handling GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 28 ... -
Page 29: Floor Life
For products with moisture sensitivity level 4, the floor life is 72 hours, or precisely three days. Under factory floor temperature and humidity conditions (<30°C, <60% relative humidity), the parts must be processed and soldered within this specified period of time. Once the sealed package of the reel is opened and the parts exposed to humidity, they need to be processed within 72 hours (precisely three days) in a reflow soldering process. If this time is exceeded, or the sticker in the sealed package indicates that the goods have been exposed to moisture, the devices need to be pre-baked before the flow solder process. Please refer to Section 3.3 for instructions on how to pre-bake the components. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Handling GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 29 ... -
Page 30: Processing
Use of "No Clean" soldering paste is strongly recommended, as it does not require cleaning after the soldering process has taken place. The paste listed in the example below meets these criteria. Soldering Paste: LFSOLDER TLF-206-93F (Tamura Kaken (UK) Ltd.) Alloy specification: Sn 95.5/ Ag 3.9/ Cu 0.6 (95.5% Zinc/ 0.6 % Silver/ 0.6% Copper) Melting Temperature: 216 - 221°C Stencil Thickness: 150 μm for base boards The final choice of the soldering paste depends on the approved manufacturing procedures. The paste-mask geometry for applying soldering paste should meet the recommendations in section 2.7.2 The quality of the solder joints on the connectors (’half vias’) should meet the appropriate IPC specification. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Handling GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 30 ... -
Page 31: Reflow Soldering
Temperature fall rate: max 3°C / s To avoid falling off, the u-blox 5 GPS/GALILEO module should be placed on the topside of the motherboard during soldering. The final soldering temperature chosen at the factory depends on additional external factors like choice of soldering paste, size, thickness and properties of the base board, etc. Exceeding the maximum soldering ... -
Page 32: Optical Inspection
3 °C/s End Temp. Typical Leadfree 150 - 200 °C Soldering Profile max 1- 4 °C/s max 60 - 120 s Elapsed Time [s] Figure 20: Recommended soldering profile When soldering leadfree (u-blox 5) modules in a leaded process, check the following temperatures: PB- Technology Soaktime: 40-80sec Time above Liquidus: 40-90 sec Peak temperature: 225-235 °C ... -
Page 33: Cleaning
Hand soldering is allowed. Use a soldering iron temperature setting of "7" which is equivalent to 350°C and carry out the hand soldering according to the IPC recommendations / reference documents IPC7711. Place the module precisely on the pads. Start with a cross-diagonal fixture soldering (e.g. pins 1 and 16), and then continue from left to right. 3.3.9 Rework The NEO-5 module can be unsoldered from the baseboard using a hot air gun. Avoid overheating the module. After the module is removed, clean the pads before placing and hand-soldering a new module. Never attempt a rework on the module itself, e.g. replacing individual components. Such actions immediately terminate the warranty. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Handling GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 33 ... -
Page 34: Conformal Coating
EMI covers is done at the customer's own risk. The numerous ground pins should be sufficient to provide optimum immunity to interferences and noise. u-blox makes no warranty for damages to the NEO-5 module caused by soldering metal cables or any other forms of metal strips directly onto the EMI covers. 3.3.13 Use of Ultrasonic Processes Some components on the NEO-5 module are sensitive to Ultrasonic Waves. Use of any Ultrasonic Processes ... -
Page 35: Product Testing
your position is our focus 4 Product Testing 4.1 u-blox In-Series Production Test u-blox focuses on high quality for its products. To achieve a high standard it’s our philosophy to supply fully tested units. Therefore at the end of the production process, every unit is tested. Defective units are analyzed in detail to improve the production quality. This is achieved with automatic test equipment, which delivers a detailed test report for each unit. The following measurements are done: • Digital self-test (Software Download, verification of FLASH firmware, etc.) •... -
Page 36: System Sensitivity Test
1. Connect a 1-channel GPS simulator to the OEM product 2. Choose the power level in a way that the “Golden Device” would report a C/No ratio of 38-40 dBHz 3. Power up the DUT (Device Under Test) and allow enough time for the acquisition 4. Read the C/No value from the NMEA GSV or the UBX-NAV-SVINFO message (e.g. with u-center AE) 5. Compare the results to a “Golden Device” or a u-blox 5 Evaluation Kit. 4.3.2 ‘Go/No go’ tests for integrated devices The best test is to bring the device to an outdoor position with excellent sky view (HDOP < 3.0). Let the receiver acquire satellites and compare the signal strength with a “Golden Device”. ... -
Page 37: A Migration To U-Blox 5 Receivers
A Migration to u-blox 5 receivers ® Migrating ANTARIS 4 to a u-blox 5 GPS/GALILEO receiver is a straightforward procedure. Nevertheless there are some points to be considered during the migration. ® Not all of the functionalities available with ANTARIS 4 are supported by u-blox 5. These include: • FixNow Mode • Low Power Modes • RTCM • UTM A.1 Migration from NEO-4S to NEO-5 The pin-outs of NEO-4S and NEO-5M/NEO-5Q differ slightly. Table 5 compares the modules and highlights the differences to be considered. NEO-4S NEO-5 Remarks for Migration Pin Name Typ. Assignment Pin Name ... -
Page 38: B Antennas
These designs are highly optimized to suppress multi-path signals reflected from the ground (choke ring antennas, multi-path limiting antennas, MLA). Another area of optimization is accurate determination of the phase center of the antenna. For precision NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 38 ... -
Page 39: Active And Passive Antennas
10 cm. Care should be taken that the gain of the LNA inside the antenna does not lead to an overload condition at the receiver. For receivers that also work with passive antennas, an antenna LNA gain of 15 dB is usually sufficient, even for cable lengths up to 5 m. There’s no need for the antenna LNA gain to exceed 26 dB for use with u-blox receivers. With shorter cables and a gain above 25 dB, an overload condition might occur on some receivers. When comparing gain measures of active and passive antennas one has to keep in mind that the gain of an ... - Page 40 A good allowance for ground plane size is typically in the area of 50 to 70 mm . This number is largely independent of the size of the patch itself (when considering ceramic patches). Patch antennas with small ground planes will also have a certain back-lobe in their radiation pattern, making them susceptible to radiation coming from the backside of the antenna, e.g. multi-path signals reflected off the ground. The larger the size of the ground plane, the less severe this effect becomes. Smaller sized patches will usually reach their maximum gain with a slightly smaller ground plane compared to a larger size patch. However, the maximum gain of a small sized patch with optimum ground plane may still be much lower than the gain of a large size patch on a less than optimal ground plane. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 40 ...
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Page 41: Helix Antennas
However, one has to keep in mind that comparable antenna gain requires comparable size of the antenna aperture, which will lead to a larger volume filled by a helix antenna in comparison to a patch antenna. Helix antennas with a “reasonable” size will therefore typically show a lower sensitivity compared to a “reasonably” sized patch antenna. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 41 ... -
Page 42: Antenna Matching
Figure 28: Dependency of center frequency on ground plane dimension for a 25 x 25 mm patch, EMTAC A LNA placed very close to the antenna can help to relieve the matching requirements. If the interconnect length between antenna and LNA is much shorter than the wavelength (9.5 cm on FR-4), the matching losses become less important. Under these conditions the matching of the input to the LNA becomes more important. Within a reasonable mismatch range, integrated LNAs can show a gain decrease in the order of a few dBs versus an increase of noise figure in the order of several tenths of a dB. If your application requires a very small antenna, a LNA can help to match the hard to control impedance of the antenna to a 50 Ohms cable. This effect is indeed beneficial if the antenna cable between the antenna and the receiver is only short. In this case, there’s no need NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 42 ... -
Page 43: Antenna Placement
Table 6: Optimal antenna placement Some cars have a metallic coating on the windscreens. GPS/GALILEO reception may not be possible in such a car without the use of ® SuperSense Technology. There is usually a small section, typically behind the rear view mirror, reserved for mobile phone and GPS/GALILEO antennas. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 43 ... -
Page 44: C Interference Issues
1. Strong RF transmitters close to GPS frequency, e.g. DCS at 1710 MHz or radars at 1300 MHz. 2. Harmonics of the clock frequency emitted from digital circuitry. The first problem can be very difficult to solve, but if GPS/GALILEO and RF transmitter are to be integrated close to each other, there’s a good chance that there is an engineer at hand who knows the specifications of the RF transmitter. In most cases, counter measures such as filters will be required for the transmitter to limit disruptive emissions below the noise floor near the GPS/GALILEO frequency. Even if the transmitter is quiet in the GPS/GALILEO band, a very strong emission close to it can cause saturation in the front-end of the receiver. Typically, the receiver's front-end stage will reach its compression point, which will in turn increase the overall noise figure of the receiver. In that case, only special filtering between the GPS/GALILEO antenna and receiver input will help to reduce signal levels to the level of linear operation at the front-end. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 44 ... -
Page 45: Eliminating Digital Noise Sources
Bad: Excessive Radiation Good: Radiation terminated Figure 29: Signal and power plane extends should lie within ground plane extends Optional shield Figure 30: Further improvement of reduction of power plane radiation NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 45 ... -
Page 46: High Speed Signal Lines
Furthermore, ceramic capacitors come with different dielectric materials. These materials show different temperature behavior. For industrial temperature range applications, at least a X5R quality should be selected. Y5V or Z5U types may lose almost all of their capacitance at extreme temperatures, resulting in potential system failure at low temperatures because of excessive noise NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 46 ... - Page 47 Tantalum capacitors show good thermal stability, however, their high ESR (equivalent series resistance) limits the usable frequency range to some 100 kHz. Figure 33: Temperature dependency of COG/NPO dielectric, AVX Figure 34: Temperature dependency of X7R dielectric, AVX Figure 35: Temperature dependency of Y5V dielectric, AVX NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 47 ...
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Page 48: Shielding
When selecting feed through capacitors, it’s important to choose components with appropriate frequency behavior. As with the ordinary capacitors, small value types will show better attenuation at high frequencies (see Figure 37). For the GPS/GALILEO frequency band the 470pF capacitor is the optimum choice of the Murata NFM21C series. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 48 ... - Page 49 Ferrite beads are the components of choice if a high DC resistance cannot be accepted. Otherwise, for ordinary signal lines one could insert a 1 K series resistor, which would then form a low-pass filter together with the parasitic capacitance of the conductor trace. See also the MuRata web page for extensive discussion on EMC countermeasures. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 49 ...
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Page 50: Shielding Sets Of Sub-System Assembly
It is clear that the situation illustrated in Figure 39 can become complex if the component “Some other electronics” contains another wireless transmitter system with a second antenna, which is referenced to the systems shielding ground. As already pointed out, in a setup like this it is important to keep the shield free from supply currents with high frequency spectral content. If there are to be additional connections to the shielding ground, these should be of a highly inductive nature. NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Product Testing GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 50 ... -
Page 51: D Lists
Figure 7: Passive Antenna Design for NEO-5 Receivers ..........................16 Figure 8: Recommended footprint ................................19 Figure 9: Recommendations for copper, solder and paste masks with enlargement ..................20 Figure 10: Placement....................................21 Figure 11: Recommended layout .................................. 22 Figure 12: PCB build-up for Micro strip line. Left: 2-layer PCB, right: 4-layer PCB ..................22 Figure 13: Micro strip on a 2-layer board (Agilent AppCAD Coplanar Waveguide) ..................24 Figure 14: Micro strip on a multi layer board (Agilent AppCAD Coplanar Waveguide) ..................24 Figure 15: Reeled u-blox 5 Modules ................................26 Figure 16: Dimension of reel for 250 pieces (dimensions unless otherwise specified in mm)................26 Figure 17: Dimensions and orientation for NEO-5 modules on tape ......................27 Figure 18: Applicable MSD Label (See Section 3.1 for baking instructions) ....................28 Figure 19: Humidity Indicator Card, good condition ............................. 29 Figure 20: Recommended soldering profile..............................32 Figure 21: Automatic Test Equipment for Module Tests ..........................35 Figure 22: 1-channel GPS simulator ................................36 Figure 23: Patch Antennas, EMTAC Technology Corp........................... 38 Figure 24: Quadrifilar Helix Antenna, Sarantel, Ltd. -
Page 52: List Of Tables
E Glossary API Application Programming Interface BBR Battery backup RAM ECEF Earth Centered Earth Fixed ESD Electro Static Discharge HAE Height Above WGS84-Ellipsoid LNA Low Noise Amplifier LOS Line of sight, NMEA 0183 ASCII based standard data communication protocol used by GPS receivers. PUBX u-blox proprietary extension to the NMEA protocol PVT Position Velocity Time SA Selective Availability SV Satellite Vehicle SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation Systems UBX File extension for u-center log file or short form for the UBX protocol UBX Protocol A proprietary binary protocol used by the ANTARIS™ GPS technology NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 52 ... -
Page 53: Related Documents
your position is our focus Related Documents [1] GNSS Compendium, Doc No GPS-X-02007 [2] NEO-5 Data Sheet, Doc No GPS.G4-MS5-07025 [3] u-blox 5 Protocol Specification, Doc No GPS.G5-X-07063 All these documents are available on our homepage (http://www.u-blox.com). NEO-5 - Hardware Integration Manual Preliminary Related Documents GPS.G5-MS5-08003-A2 u-blox proprietary Page 53 ... - Page 54 +41 44 722 74 44 Fax: +41 44 722 74 47 E-mail: info@u-blox.com www.u-blox.com Offices North, Central and South America Europe, Middle East, Africa Asia, Australia, Pacific u-blox America, Inc. u-blox AG u-blox Singapore Pte. Ltd. 1902 Campus Commons Drive Zuercherstrasse 68 435 Orchard Road Suite 310 CH-8800 Thalwil #17-01, Wisma Atria, Reston, VA 20191 Switzerland Singapore 238877 USA Phone: +41 44 722 74 44 ...
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