Kenwood NX-800 Service Manual page 31

5. PLL Frequency Synthesizer
5-1. VCTCXO (X1)
VCTCXO (X1) generates a reference frequency of 19.2
MHz for the PLL frequency synthesizer. This reference
frequency is applied to pin 9 of the PLL IC (IC3) and con-
nected to IF circuit as a 2nd local signal through Tripler. The
VCTCXO oscillation frequency is determined by DC voltage
of VC terminal. The VC voltage is fi xed to 1.65V by R1 and
R2, and supplied to VC terminal through IC2. Modulation
signal is also fed to VC terminal through IC2.
The frequency adjustment is achieved by switching the
ratio of dividing frequency that is not adjusted by the DC
voltage impressed to VC. The resolution of adjusting fre-
quency is approximately 4Hz.
5-2. VCO
There is a RX VCO and a TX VCO.
The TX VCO (Q6) generates a transmit carrier and the RX
VCO (Q5) generates a 1st local signal. For the VCO oscil-
lation frequency, the transmit carrier is 400 to 470MHz and
the 1st local receive signal is 341.95 to 411.95MHz.
The VCO oscillation frequency is determined by one sys-
tem of operation switching terminal "T/R" and two systems
of voltage control terminals "C/V" and "V-assist".
The operation switching terminal, "T/R", is controlled by
the control line (/T_R) output from the MCU (IC510). When
the /T_R logic is low, the VCO outputs the transmit carrier
and when it is high, it outputs a 1st local receive signal.
The voltage control terminals, "CV" and "V-assist", are
controlled by the PLL IC (IC3) and MCU (IC510) and the
output frequency changes continuously according to the
applied voltage. For the modulation input terminal, "VCO
MOD", the output frequency changes according to the ap-
plied voltage. This is used to modulate the VCO output.
"VCO MOD" works only when "/T_R" is low.
5-3. PLL IC (IC3)
PLL IC compares the differences in phases of the VCO
oscillation frequency and the VCTCXO reference frequency,
returns the difference to the VCO CV terminal and realizes
the "Phase Locked Loop" for the return control. This allows
the VCO oscillation frequency to accurately match (lock) the
desired frequency.
When the frequency is controlled by the PLL, the fre-
quency convergence time increases as the frequency dif-
ference increases when the set frequency is changed. To
supplement this, the MCU is used before control by the PLL
IC to bring the VCO oscillation frequency close to the de-
sired frequency. As a result, the VCO CV voltage does not
change and is always stable at approx. 3.0V.
The desired frequency is set for the PLL IC by the MCU
(IC510) through the 3-line "SDO1", "SCK1", "PCS_RF" se-
rial bus. Whether the PLL IC is locked or not is monitored
by the MCU through the "PLD" signal line. If the VCO is
not the desired frequency (unlock), the "PLD" logic is low.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION /
电路说明
5. PLL 频率合成器
5-1. VCTCXO(X1)
VCTCXO(X1) 为 PLL 频率合成器产生 19.2MHz 的基准频率。
该基准频率被施加到 PLL IC(IC3) 的第 9 针，作为第 2 本振
信号通过三倍频器后送到 IF 电路。VCTCXO 振荡频率由 VC 端
子的 D C 电压决定。V C 电压由 R1 和 R2 固定为 1.65V，通过
IC2 施加于 VC 端子。调制信号也通过 IC2 送入 VC 端子。
通过切换未经外加到 VC 的 DC 电压调整的分割频率的比率，
实现频率调整。调整频率的分辨率约为 4Hz。
5-2. VCO
有一个 RX VCO 和一个 TX VCO。
TX VCO(Q6) 生成发射载波， RX VCO(Q5) 生成第 1 本振信号。
对于 V C O 震荡频率，发射载波为 400 到 470M H z，第 1 本振信
号为 341.95 到 411.95MHz。
V C O 震荡频率由一个操作切换端子"T / R"系统和两个电压
控制端子"C/V"和"V-assist"系统决定。
操作切换端子"T/R"由 MCU(IC510) 输出的控制线路 (/T_
R) 进行控制。/T_R 逻辑较低时，VCO 输出发射载波，较高时，
输出第 1 本地接收信号。
电压控制端子"C V"和"V - a s s i s t"由 P L L I C ( I C3) 和
M C U ( I C510) 控制，输出频率根据施加的电压持续改变。对于
调制输入端子"V C O _ M O D" ，输出频率根据施加的电压改变。
籍此调制 VCO 输出。 "VCO_MOD"仅在"/T_R"低时工作。
5-3. PLL IC(IC3)
PLL IC 对比 VCO 震荡频率和 VCTCXO 基准频率的相位差，将
相位差返回 V C O C V 端子，实现返回控制的"锁相环路" 。这
可以使 VCO 震荡频率与所需的频率精确匹配 ( 锁定 )。
频率由 P L L 控制时，频率锁定时间将随着设定频率改变时
频率差的增大而增加。为对此进行补充，在由 PLL IC 控制之
前使用 M C U 以使 V C O 震荡频率接近所需的频率。因此，V C O
CV 的电压不变，始终稳定在约 3.0V。
P L L I C 的所需电压由 M C U ( I C510) 通过 3 线路"S D O1" 、
"SCK1" 、 "PCS_RF"串行总线进行设置。PLL IC 是否锁定由
MCU 通过"PLD"信号线路进行监测。如果 VCO 不是所需的频
率 ( 失锁 )，则"PLD"逻辑较低。
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