Keysight N7004A User Manual
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Keysight N7004A User Manual

Keysight N7004A User Manual

33 ghz optical-to-electrical converter
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Keysight N7004A 33 GHz
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User Guide

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Summary of Contents for Keysight N7004A

  • Page 1 Keysight N7004A 33 GHz Optical-to-Electrical Converter User Guide...
  • Page 2 COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS set forth specifically in writing elsewhere in DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE the EULA. Keysight shall be under no obliga- tion to update, revise or otherwise modify the Software. With respect to any technical data as defined by FAR 2.101, pursuant to FAR 12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    To clean the fiber-end of the mating fiber-optic cable or patch cable Step 2 - Connect the N7004A Output to a Compatible Keysight Oscilloscope Step 3 - Connect a Fiber-optic Cable to the N7004A Optical Input Connector Selection of the Fiber-optic Cable...
  • Page 4 5 Performance Verification for N7004A Test Strategy Test Interval Test Equipment Test Procedure 6 Calibration Strategy 7 Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Flowchart 8 Returning the N7004A for Repair or Service Contacting Keysight Technologies 9 Safety and Regulatory Information Instrument Markings N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 5: N7004A - Overview

    N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide N7004A - Overview Introduction / 6 Usage / 7 Features / 8 Specifications and Characteristics / 9 Dimensions / 10 This chapter introduces the N7004A O/E Converter and lists its features, usage, characteristics and specifications.

  • Page 6: Introduction

    The N7004A 33 GHz optical-to-electrical converter directly converts optical signals into electrical signals for convenient analysis on a compatible Infiniium real-time oscilloscope. The N7004A is a high-sensitivity photodetector module that comes with an FC/PC input connector to receive optical telecom or datacom signals from an optical source/transmitter through a single-mode or a multimode fiber.

  • Page 7: Usage

    • To test system boards with an embedded optical transceiver in scenarios where there is no clock signal. The N7004A and real-time oscilloscope setup does not require an external clock source to trigger the oscilloscope for capturing data. •...

  • Page 8: Features

    You can either use front panel controls on the oscilloscope or remote programs to set up, configure, and make measurements using the N7004A. • Critical optical signal measurements can be made in real time using the N7004A with an Infiniium Realtime oscilloscope. •...

  • Page 9: Specifications And Characteristics

    350 g (0.77 lbs) Dimensions Refer to the topic “Dimensions" on page 10. Table 2 Bandwidth Performance Specification for N7004A Item Description Bandwidth, warranted (electrical, – 32 GHz (with Brickwall filter) 3 dBe) 21.3 GHz (with 4th order Bessel Thomson filter) Specifications are the performance standards against which the product is tested.

  • Page 10: Dimensions

    Overview Dimensions The N7004A dimensions shown below are in Inches. N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 11: Setting Up The N7004A O/E Converter

    Step 2 - Connect the N7004A Output to a Compatible Keysight Oscilloscope / 18 Step 3 - Connect a Fiber-optic Cable to the N7004A Optical Input Connector / 19 Step 4- Configure the N7004A Setup on the Infiniium Software / 21...

  • Page 12: Prerequisites

    Setting up the N7004A O/E Converter Prerequisites Before you start using the N7004A O/E Converter, ensure that the following prerequisites are met. Prerequisites Compatible Oscilloscopes Adapter Required Oscilloscope Software - V-Series None Infiniium baseline software version 5.70 or - Z-Series...
  • Page 13 Setting up the N7004A O/E Converter Optical Data Rates Reference Receiver Bessel Oscilloscope Bandwidth Recommended Bandwidth Thomson Bandwidth Requirement (Values are given for (0.75 * optical data rate) (3/2 * Reference Receiver V-series Oscilloscopes) Bandwidth) 4.25 Gbps 3.1875 GHz >4.78 GHz...

  • Page 14: Step 1 - Clean The Fiber-Optic Connectors

    Therefore, you must clean the fiber ends of the N7004A fiber-optic connector and the mating fiber-optic cable or patch cable before each and every time a connection is made.

  • Page 15: To Clean The Fiber-End Of The N7004A Fiber-Optic Connector

    Failure to do so may result in permanent injury to your eyes. To clean the fiber-end of the N7004A fiber-optic connector Lift the latch of the fiber-optic connector. Carefully pull off the receptacle without touching the ferrule or fiber end. This will expose the fiber-end for cleaning.

  • Page 16: To Clean The Fiber-End Of The Mating Fiber-Optic Cable Or Patch Cable

    Setting up the N7004A O/E Converter Never use metal or sharp objects to clean a connector and never scrape the CAUTION connector. To clean the fiber-end of the mating fiber-optic cable or patch cable a Use a clean wipe each time you need to clean the mating cable. Wipes that are available in a dispenser are recommended for cleaning.
  • Page 17 Setting up the N7004A O/E Converter Do not shake, tip, or invert compressed air canisters, because this releases CAUTION particles in the can into the air. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air canister. Keysight Technologies strongly recommends that index matching CAUTION compounds not be applied to their instruments and accessories.

  • Page 18: Step 2 - Connect The N7004A Output To A Compatible Keysight Oscilloscope

    • the oscilloscope automatically recognizes the N7004A. • The S-parameters are automatically read to adjust the system response and the N7004A is displayed in the Infiniium software GUI for setup and configuration. • The vertical unit is changed to Watts in the Infiniium software GUI.

  • Page 19: Step 3 - Connect A Fiber-Optic Cable To The N7004A Optical Input Connector

    14. Aligning the Keying Features while Making the Connection While securing the connection between the N7004A and fiber-optic cable, ensure that the keying features of both the N7004A FC/PC Input connector and fiber-optic cable’s connector are aligned properly before you start finger-tightening the connection. Misaligned keys can adversely affect the optical signal transmission.
  • Page 20 The input circuitry of the N7004A can be damaged when total input power CAUTION levels exceed 8mW. To prevent damage, this specified level must not be exceeded. N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 21: Step 4- Configure The N7004A Setup On The Infiniium Software

    Selecting the Wavelength In the Infiniium software GUI, choose Setup > Probe Configuration... to open the Probe Configuration dialog box. Notice that the N7004A is recognized and displayed as connected to the scope’s channel. Click Options... displayed under N7004A to set the wavelength for N7004A.

  • Page 22: Adjusting Conversion Gain For A User-Defined Wavelength

    To be manually adjusted If you select the User Defined wavelength option, then you need to manually specify and adjust the Responsivity value in the Responsivity field to adjust the N7004A’s conversion gain for this user-defined wavelength. N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...
  • Page 23 Measure the optical signal using an optical power meter. Transmit this signal to the N7004A. This may be an active signal or just a DC optical level. Set up the Vaverage measurement for the waveform on the Infiniium software GUI. This measurement is available under the Vertical Measurements group.

  • Page 24: Configuring The Bandwidth Limits For The Oscilloscope And Its Channel

    You use the Bandwidth Limit dialog box to set the bandwidth limit for the oscilloscope and the individual channel to which you have connected the N7004A. You may want to reduce bandwidth settings for improved noise performance. For details on how to set bandwidth limits on the oscilloscope, click the icon in the Bandwidth Limit dialog box.

  • Page 25: Adjusting The Vertical Settings For The Oscilloscope Channel

    Adjust the vertical scale (Watts per division) and offset settings for the oscilloscope channel to which you connected the N7004A O/E Converter. For the extinction ratio measurement, this step is critical as the vertical settings affect the magnitude of the dark level offset which can affect the accuracy of this measurement.
  • Page 26 Setting up the N7004A O/E Converter N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...
  • Page 27 Setting up the N7004A O/E Converter For measurements such as the Extinction ratio measurement, you may want to define settings NOTE such as eye pattern settings used to make eye waveform measurements. You can do this while adding the measurement using the Add Measurement dialog box.

  • Page 28: Step 5 - Perform Dark Calibration

    N7004A. What is Dark Calibration Dark calibration is the process of factoring out the power transmitted by the N7004A when there is no light being transmitted. For this calibration, the optical input of the N7004A is covered to block light completely.
  • Page 29 In the Calibration Status section, the Dark Cal status is currently displayed as Uncalibrated. Click the Cal... button. The Probe Calibration dialog box is displayed. Cover the N7004A’s FC/PC input connector with the cap that accompanies the N7004A. Click the Dark Cal button to begin dark calibration. N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 30: Reasons For The Failure Of The Dark Calibration

    Reasons for the Failure of the Dark Calibration • The N7004A optical input is not covered properly or the optical source is not turned off. • The dark level (signal with the light source off) is not on the Infiniium screen. This signal must be completely on the screen to be correctly measured during dark calibration.
  • Page 31 Setting up the N7004A O/E Converter N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...
  • Page 32 Setting up the N7004A O/E Converter N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 33: Making Optical Measurements And Analyzing Results

    Performing Eye Mask Testing / 37 This chapter provides information on the optical measurements that you can make using the N7004A on an Infiniium real-time oscilloscope. It also provides an overview of how you can use the N7004A to perform eye mask testing.

  • Page 34: N7004A Optical Measurements

    The analog-to-digital converter in the N7004A allows the generation of this result independent of the waveform displayed on the screen. Optical Modulation Amplitude...
  • Page 35 Making Optical Measurements and Analyzing Results Examples of Optical Data Acquired with N7004A for Different Optical Data Rates For 10 Gbps data rate N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...
  • Page 36 Making Optical Measurements and Analyzing Results For 25 Gbps data rate N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 37: Performing Eye Mask Testing

    Making Optical Measurements and Analyzing Results Performing Eye Mask Testing When using the N7004A with an Infiniium oscilloscope, you can use the mask testing feature of the oscilloscope to verify whether or not a displayed eye diagram complies with industry-standard definitions for optical waveforms.
  • Page 38 Making Optical Measurements and Analyzing Results N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 39: Remotely Controlling The N7004A Measurement Setup

    You can use the Remote Programming SCPI commands described in this chapter to remotely control the oscilloscope from a controller PC for: • configuring the N7004A setup such as channel's bandwidth limit filter response. • adding optical measurements and querying for these measurements’ results.

  • Page 40: Sample Remote Control Setup Of N7004A

    Remotely Controlling the N7004A Measurement Setup Sample Remote Control Setup of N7004A Before you can start remotely controlling the N7004A setup using SCPI commands, ensure NOTE that you have: - installed the Keysight IO Libraries Suite software on the controller PC.

  • Page 41: Scpi Commands For Controlling The N7004A Setup

    Remotely Controlling the N7004A Measurement Setup SCPI Commands for Controlling the N7004A Setup This topic includes only those SCPI commands that are unique to the N7004A scenario. You can find the complete list of SCPI commands for remotely controlling you oscilloscope in your oscilloscope’s Programmer’s Guide.

  • Page 42: Measure:opower

    Remotely Controlling the N7004A Measurement Setup :MEASure:OPOWer Command Syntax :MEASure:OPOWer [<source>][,{WATT | DBM}] where: • <source> can be {CHANnel<N> | DIFF<D> | COMMonmode<C> | FUNCtion<F> | WMEMory<R> |CLOCk | MTRend | MSPectrum | EQUalized} • {WATT | DBM} - Specifies the measurement units in Watts or dBm.

  • Page 43: Measure:cgrade:olevel

    Remotely Controlling the N7004A Measurement Setup :MEASure:CGRade:OLEVel Command Syntax :MEASure:CGRade:OLEVel [<source>] where: • <source> can be {CHANnel<N> | DIFF<D> | COMMonmode<C> | FUNCtion<F> | WMEMory<R> |CLOCk | MTRend | MSPectrum | EQUalized} • If <source> is omitted, the Q-factor will be performed on the first waveform that has color grade enabled.

  • Page 44: Measure:cgrade:zlevel

    Remotely Controlling the N7004A Measurement Setup :MEASure:CGRade:ZLEVel Command Syntax :MEASure:CGRade:ZLEVel [<source>] where: • <source> can be {CHANnel<N> | DIFF<D> | COMMonmode<C> | FUNCtion<F> | WMEMory<R> |CLOCk | MTRend | MSPectrum | EQUalized} • If <source> is omitted, the Q-factor will be performed on the first waveform that has color grade enabled.

  • Page 45: Measure:omamplitude

    Remotely Controlling the N7004A Measurement Setup :MEASure:OMAMplitude Command Syntax :MEASure:OMAMplitude [<source>][,{WATT | DBM}] where: • <source> can be {CHANnel<N> | DIFF<D> | COMMonmode<C> | FUNCtion<F> | WMEMory<R> |CLOCk | MTRend | MSPectrum | EQUalized} • {WATT | DBM} Specifies the measurement units in Watts or dBm.

  • Page 46: Measure:eratio

    - The dark calibration has not been performed at all. - The vertical sensitivity, offset, or sample rate of the oscilloscope has changed since the dark calibration was run. - The N7004A’s temperature has changed by > 2 N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 47: Performance Verification For N7004A

    The bandwidth performance of N7004A is specified when used with an Infiniium 33 GHz oscilloscope. The oscilloscope automatically downloads S parameters and calibration data from the N7004A when you connect the N7004A to one of the oscilloscope’s channels. This adjusts the system response and allows highly accurate measurements.

  • Page 48: Test Strategy

    Performance Verification for N7004A Test Strategy The basic method for verifying the bandwidth of the N7004A is to use a femtosecond pulse laser. These types of laser sources output a very fast impulse that is much faster than the impulse response of the N7004A thus allowing measurement of the N7004A bandwidth without de-embedding the laser impulse response.

  • Page 49: Test Procedure

    While observing cleaning procedures, connect the output of the 81578A to the N7004A using a multi-mode patch cable. 10 Under Setup Probe Configuration, select Options for the N7004A on channel 1 and select 850nm. 11 Enable the 81578A attenuator by pressing the button on the front of the module. This allows the laser light through the attenuator.
  • Page 50 0db at 32 GHz. 18 Disable the 81578A attenuator. 19 While observing cleaning procedures, connect the output of the 81570A to the N7004A using a single mode patch cable. 20 Under Setup Probe Configuration, select Options for the N7004A on channel 1 and select 1550nm.
  • Page 51 23 If needed, center the FFT waveform as done earlier in this procedure. Verify that the frequency response (FFT) is not down more than 3db at 32 GHz. 24 Disable the 81570A attenuator. This completes the bandwidth performance verification testing for N7004A. N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...
  • Page 52 Performance Verification for N7004A N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 53: Calibration Strategy

    In addition to performing dark calibration, Keysight recommends that you also get the factory calibration done once in a year by sending the N7004A to the Keysight Technologies. Factory calibration also includes bandwidth performance verification testing (see page 47) for N7004A.
  • Page 54 Calibration Strategy N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 55: Troubleshooting

    If the problem persists, contact Keysight Technologies. To locate a sales or a service office near you, go to www.keysight.com/find/contactus. The service strategy for the N7004A is to send it to Keysight Technologies for all service work. Keysight requires that the N7004A unit be repaired only at qualified repair facilities such as the Keysight Repair Centers.

  • Page 56: Troubleshooting Flowchart

    Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Flowchart N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 57: Returning The N7004A For Repair Or Service

    Returning the N7004A for Re- pair or Service If the N7004A is found to be defective, we recommend sending it to a Keysight authorized service center for all repair and calibration needs. Perform the following steps before shipping the N7004A back to Keysight Technologies for repair / service.
  • Page 58 Returning the N7004A for Repair or Service N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...

  • Page 59: Safety And Regulatory Information

    Indoor Use Only. Do not operate in wet / damp environments. Keep product WARNING surfaces dry and clean. Do not operate in an explosive environment. The input circuitry of the N7004A can be damaged when total input power CAUTION levels exceed 8mW. To prevent damage, this specified level must not be exceeded.

  • Page 60: Instrument Markings

    Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE Directive Annex I, this product is classed as a “Monitoring and Control instrumentation” product. Do not dispose in domestic household. To return unwanted products, contact your local Keysight office, or refer to www.keysight.comfor more information.
  • Page 61 N7004A 33GHz Optical-to-Electrical-Converter User Guide...
  • Page 62 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2019 Edition 2, April 2019 N7004-92000 www.keysight.com...

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