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Aviation Artur Trendak Tercel Pilot Operating Handbook

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See also: Flight Manual
AVIATION ARTUR TRENDAK
PILOT OPERATING
HANDBOOK
GYROCOPTER
TERCEL
SERIAL NUMBER:
REGISTRATION MARKS:
NUMBER ON FILE:
THIS MANUAL WAS APPROVED BY A DECISION OF
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
........................................
. ...........................
DATED
NO
THIS GYROCOPTER CAN BE USED IN THE ULTRALIGHT CATEGORY
FOR LEISURE, SPORTS AND DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES, EXCLUDING
AIR TRANSPORT.THIS MANUAL IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR PROPER
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TRAINING BY A QUALIFIED
INSTRUCTOR. THE GYROCOPTER MUST BE OPERATED TO COMPLY
WITH THE RESTRICTIONS AND INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN.
THIS MANUAL MUST ALWAYS BE AVAILABLE
ON BOARD THE GYROCOPTER

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Summary of Contents for Aviation Artur Trendak Tercel

  • Page 1 AVIATION ARTUR TRENDAK PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK GYROCOPTER TERCEL SERIAL NUMBER: REGISTRATION MARKS: NUMBER ON FILE: THIS MANUAL WAS APPROVED BY A DECISION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY …………………………………. . ……………………… DATED THIS GYROCOPTER CAN BE USED IN THE ULTRALIGHT CATEGORY FOR LEISURE, SPORTS AND DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES, EXCLUDING AIR TRANSPORT.THIS MANUAL IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR PROPER...
  • Page 2 This manual has been developed to observe the regulations in Annex No. 5 Ultralight Aircraft of the Decree of the Minister of Infrastructure dated 25 April 2005, excluding the application of some of the Laws of the Act on Air Law for some sorts of aircraft as well as defining the conditions and requirements concerning the use of this Aircraft (Official Journal 107 section 904) with subsequent amendments.
  • Page 3 Organizational Information Register of Changes Any changes of this manual, except for the up-to-date weighing data, must be recorded in the table below as well as be approved by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). A new or revised text in changed pages must be marked with a black vertical line on the margin and a change number.
  • Page 4 Register of Changes Change no. Pages Date Signature Desciption...
  • Page 5 List of Up-to-Date Pages List of Up-to-Date Pages Chapter Page Date Chapter Page Date 21.08.2014 5-15 21.08.2014 16-19 21.08.2014 20-34 21.08.2014 35-40 21.08.2014 41-45 21.08.2014 46-56 21.08.2014 57-60 21.08.2014 21.08.2014...

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    2.13 Fuel ..................13 2.14 Wind Speed Restrictions ............13 2.15 Other Restrictions ..............14 2.16 Height Speed - Diagram ............15 Chapter 3 Emergency Procedures Introduction ................16 Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 7 4.12 Approach and Landing ............. 32 4.13 Turning off the Engine .............. 33 4.14 Post-flight inspection ..............33 4.15 Detaching the Rotor ..............33 Chapter 5 Performance Introduction ................35 Characteristic Speeds ............. 35 Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 8 Seats and Safety Belts ............52 Luggage Compartment ............52 Glazing, Doors ................. 52 7.10 Power plant ................52 7.10.1 Engine ..............52 7.10.2 Propeller ..............53 7.11 Engine Oil ................54 Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 9 Repairs and Modifications ............57 Manoeuvring on the Ground, Road Transport......58 Cleaning and Conservation ............58 Chapter 9 Supplements Introduction ................61 List of Introduced Supplements ..........61 Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 10: General Information

    This manual is not a substitute for theorectical and practical training by a qualified instructor TERCEL gyrocopter pilots must hold a qualification certificate, or a valid licence for ultralight aircraft with specialization for gyrocopters. Before any flight, pilots should be acquainted with the uniqueness of a gyrocopter. It is recommended that you study both this Pilot Operating Handbook and the Aircraft Maintenance Manual.

  • Page 11: Description Of The Gyrocopter

    Aviation Artur Trendak. The blades are made from drawn aluminium and are anodized and perfectly balanced. The TERCEL gyrocopter is powered by a CA 912 ULT engine. This is a Rotax 912 UL engine, expertly modified by Aviation Artur Trendak with an Iveco turbocharger.
  • Page 12 Horse Power 122 at 5,800 rpm • Reducer ratio 1 : 2.43 • Propeller KASPAR Aero 2/3 LT • Propeller diameter 1.72 m • Fuel tank capacity 120 litres Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 13 Chapter 1 TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK General Information Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 14: Restrictions

    Chapter 2 Restrictions Chapter 2 Restrictions Introduction Chapter 2 includes the restrictions of usage, markings of instruments and basic placards, crucial to the safe use of the gyrocopter, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment. 2.2 Flight Speed Speed restrictions and their importance are presented in the table below: Speed Notes (km/h)

  • Page 15: Air Speed Indicator Marking

    Chapter 2 Restrictions CAUTION Speedometer indications fluctuate during steep climbs and descents due to the changes in the pitch attitude. 2.3 Air Speed Indicator Markings Value or Range Notes Marking (km/h) (kt) Green arch 0-130 0-70 Range of normal use Yellow arch 130-200 70-108...

  • Page 16: Driving Unit

    Chapter 2 TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK Restrictions 2.4 Driving Unit Engine model CA 912 ULT Rotax 912 UL engine, modified by AVIATION ARTUR TRENDAK by adding the Iveco Turbo Compressor Manifold Power Pressure Maximum Take-off Power 122 hp 5800 max. 45.5 in Hg...

  • Page 17: Rotor Rotational Speed

    Rotor rotational speed normal at maximum weight (MTOW) 360 - 390 normal at minimum weight (~330 kg) 330 - 340 during autorotation 310 - 340 minimum for level flight Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 18: Rotor Tachometer Markings

    During take-off min rotor rpm for full Red triangle throttle Yellow arch 180-330; 390 - 500 Warning range Green arch 330 - 390 Normal range Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 19: Weights

    (MTOW) equal to 560 kg (1235 lb). The proposed load sheet is set out below: Weight Minimum Maximum Nominal proper weight Crew weight Fuel weight Luggage weight Total: Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 20 (kg) seat (kg) seat (lb) 50 - 60 kg 15 kg 33 lb 60 - 80 kg 13 kg 29 lb 80 - 100 kg 11kg 24 lb Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 21: Position Of The Centre Of Gravity

    Observing the conditions of the admissible load and the proper position of the centre of gravity of the empty gyrocopter ensures maintenance in the above range of the centre of gravity. 2.9 Approved Manoeuvers The TERCEL gyrocopter has been classified in the ultralight aircraft category. The approved manoeuvers include: • ·...

  • Page 22: Manoeuver Load Factor

    Admissible manoeuver load factor: 0/+3 2.11 Crew The TERCEL is a side by side two-seater gyrocopter with an option of a single, or double flight control system. The minimum crew is one pilot. The pilot’s seat on a solo flight will depend upon the configuration of the cockpit instrument panel and the position of the wheel brake lever.

  • Page 23: Other Restrictions

    Turns in which the roll angle exceeeds 60º • Flights in icing conditions • Flights when the wind speed exceeds 60 km/h • Flights in severe turbulance areas • Flights above densely populated areas Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 24: Height Speed - Diagram

    Chapter 2 TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK Restrictions DIAGRAM: HEIGHT - SPEED 2.16 High - Speed Diagram 10.8 21.6 32.4 kts/h 43.2 Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 2-12 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 25: Emergency Procedures

    Deactivate the magnetos and the electrical master switch (red key). • · Land, attempting to avoid both possible obstacles and violent manoeuvres resulting in a loss of rotor rotational speed. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 26: During Flight

    Close fuel shut-off valve. • · Deactivate the magnetos and the master switch (red key). • · Vacate the gyrocopter as fast as possible. • · If available, use a fire extinguisher. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 27: During Flight

    .Engage rotor brake as soon as possible after touchdown. • · Stop the gyrocopter, apply full rotor brake and prepare to disembark. • · .Leave the gyrocpter as soon as the rotor stops. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 28: Flat Tyre On Landing/Taxing

    • · .Choose an appropriate spot for landing. • · .Deactivate the magnetos when you are within reach of the selected touchdown spot. • · .Perform an emergency landing. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 29: Normal Procedures

    Make sure the wheel brakes are activated (postion 1). • · Fix the control stick in the extreme forward position so that the rotor head disc rests on the brake. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 30: Daily Inspection

    Check the magneto switches and set to the deactivated position (OFF). • Remove any frost, snow, ice, or mud. • Check the gyrocopter documents and ensure that all necessary maintenance has been carried out. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 31 Check the condition of the Bowden cables and their connection to the control surfaces. • Check the rudder hinges.· • Check the tail wheels. Undercarriage • Check the static deflectors on the undercarriage are intact. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 32 Check the condition and operation of the electric trimmer. Driving system • Replenish the oil tank and the cooling fluid tank with appropriate fluids. • Check the cooling lines (water and oil) are not cracked. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 33 In order to prevent the engine from starting, ensure that the ignition is off, the magnetos are off, the throttle is set to idle, the brakes are on and the chocks are in place. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 34 The clutch cable should have several millimetres of clearance with no tension. Cabin • Check the opening and closing of the doors to ensure that the hinges and locks operate correctly. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 35: Pre-Flight Inspection

    • · Check the freedom of movement of the flight controls. When checking the rudder pedals, lift the front wheel by pressing the horizontal stabilizer. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 36: Before Starting The Engine

    Block the control stick with the strap in the extreme front position. • Activate the master switch. • · Activate the electric fuel pump. • · Set the throttle (the black lever) to the idle position (entirely backwards). Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 37: Checks After Starting The Engine

    Magnetos check: at about 3000 RPM, turn off one of the magnetos. The maximum expected drop should be 200 RPM. Turn magneto on. Repeat the same procedure for the second magneto. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 38: Taxiing

    The condition of the runway and its length are appropriate. • Radio is operative. 4.10 Pre-rotation and Take-off • If pre-rotation belts have been replaced, it is recommended to powder them with talc. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 39 After setting the pre-rotation lever to the pre-rotation position, the pre- rotation clutch is engaged, the Bendix is turned on and rotor is accelerating. It is forbidden to apply prerotation during flight Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 40: Climb, Cross-Country Flight, Descent

    • · The cross-country speed depends on the take-off weight, the engine rotational speed and atmospheric conditions. • · Trim the gyrocopter till it flies straight and level. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 41: Approach And Landing

    TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK Normal procedures • · The TERCEL is designed to react to the pilot’s instructions in an intuitive and normal manner. Increasing the throttle causes climb, reducing the throttle causes descent. 4.12 Approach and Landing • Choose an appropriate area for landing, check the movement of other aircraft around, by using your radio and noting the direction and speed of wind.

  • Page 42: Turning Off The Engine

    (teeter bolt). • · With the help of another person holding down the rotor, remove the pin (making sure the sleeves remain in their Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 43 Place the pin (teeter bolt) in the hub with washers, screw on a nut and pass through the cotter pin (safety pin). The removed blades, for storage or transportation, must be appropriately fastened and protected against damage. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 44: Performance

    5.2 Characteristic Speeds (IAS) (km/h) (kt) Never-Exceed Speed Maximun structural cross-country speed Normal structural cross-country speed Best rate of climb Approach speed Manoeuver speed (two people) Manoeuver speed (one person) Minimum speed Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 45: Take-Off

    Temperature and Pressure The diagram depicts the values applicable for light aircraft The diagram is provided only for general information and shall not be applied without ensuring the appropriate safety margin. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 46 Example: Conditions at the take-off airfield: temperature 15 ºC, pressure matching an altitude of 2,000 m. Connect with a line the points matching the above values on appropriate scales. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 47: Landing

    (130 km/h) (70kt) is 25 lt/h (6.6 US Gal/h). Hence, at take-off with the full fuel tanks (118 lt of usable fuel): • Range: 520 km. • Flight Endurance: 4h.00 min. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 48 Chapter 5 TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK Performance THE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 49 TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK THE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 50: Introduction

    The way of weighing and specifying the position of the centre of gravity of the gyrocopter is stated in the Aircraft Maintenance Manual (document no. TERCEL- SM-001-EN) in Chapter 6.
  • Page 51 10 kg 22 lb 80 - 100 kg 8 kg 18 lb CAUTION Under no circumstances exceed the approved maximum take-off weight (MTOW) equal to 560 kg (1235 lb). Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 52: Position Of The Centre Of Gravity

    LINE DRAWING OF ADMISSIBLE C of G Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 53 Observing the conditions of the admissible load and the proper position of the centre of gravity of the empty gyrocopterensures maintenance in the above range of the positions of the centre of gravity. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 54: Entering The Weights And Position Of The Centre Of Gravity Of The Empty Gyrocopter

    The table below serves to enter periodic weighing checks of the gyrocopter or weighing checks after making changes in the equipment, repairs or lacquering. Date Gyrocopter empty Position of centre Approved by: weight of gravity (kg) (degrees) Signature Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 55: Introduction

    The two-blade rotor with metal structure is manufactured and delivered in a set (blades + a hub) by AVIATION ARTUR TRENDAK Company. The blades with a 8H12 air-foil section are made from drawn aluminium and are entirely anodized and perfectly balanced.
  • Page 56 This changes position of actuators towards neutral position. This will reduce all forces generated by the trimmers on control stick. The figure below shows control stick grip. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 57 It is installed by the manufacturer after the phase of test flights. If needed, flap position can be corrected, by gently bending it in or out (see Aircraft Maintenance Manual). Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 58: Central Console

    Gyrocopter and its Equipment 7.4 Central Console Broad Instrument Navigation Light Fuel Pump Switch Switch Switch Headlight Switch Choke Lever (blue) Master Switch (red key) Prerotation Clutch Lever (red) Throttle Lever (black) Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 59: Instrument Panel

    A sample instrument panel is shown below. Different panel configurations and sets of flight and navigation instruments are possible. The details concerning other variants are set out in Chapter 9 Supplements. INSTRUMENT PANEL DIAGRAM Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 60: Main Gear, Wheel Brakes

    (marked no 1). In order to release the brake, pull the lever harder to enable the automatic release of the lock. CAUTION Do not use the brake during a long-lasting stopover. It can cause damage to the braking system Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 61: Seats And Safety Belts

    The doors open in a forward direction. In the closed position, they are secured with a lock accessible both from the outside and inside. 7.10 Power plant 7.10.1 Engine The TERCEL is powered by a CA 912 ULT engine. It is the Rotax 912 UL Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 62: Propeller

    TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK Gyrocopter and its Equipment engine, modified by AVIATION ARTUR TRENDAK by adding an Iveco turbo- compressor. The details concerning the parameters of the engine and its usage are included in the instruction manual of the CA 912 ULT engine.

  • Page 63: Engine Oil

    If the oil temperature is not correct, it is possible to change the position of the oil cooler (see the Aircraft Maintenance Manual). NOTE: Do not use re-refined oil. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 64: Fuel System

    On the side of the instrument console, there is a 12V socket (a typical car socket for a lighter) giving the possibility of connecting additional devices. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 65: Static And Total Pressure System

    It is connected with a plastic hose directly to the speedometer. Static pressure to the speedometer, altimeter and vertical speed indicator is taken from sensor placed in the cabin, directly through the instrument connectors. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 66: Manoeuvring, Temporary Operation And Maintenance

    NOTE: Before making any modification to the gyrocopter, contact the appropriate aviation authority to make sure the planned modification does not affect its airworthiness. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 67: Manoeuvring On The Ground, Road Transport

    The glazing should be rinsed with clean water or a water solution with the addition of a mild soap and then wiped with a clean soft fabric, sponge or suede. Exercise caution to avoid scratches. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 68 The cockpit interior, chairs, rugs and upholstery should be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner. It is recommended to apply commercially available cleaning agents for car upholstery. Clean the engine in accordance with the Engine Manual. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...
  • Page 69 TERCEL PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

  • Page 70: Introduction

    Title of an Attached Supplement Notes In the “Notes” column, confirm by hand whether there is additional equipment or systems in the gyrocopter model for which this manual is intended. Edition 1 21 Aug 2014 Document no.: TERCEL-AFM-001-EN Page Change no.:...

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