Ludlum Measurements 2401-ECA Manual
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Ludlum Measurements 2401-ECA Manual

Pocket survey meters with alarm
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LUDLUM MODELS 2401-ECA,
2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A AND 2401-PA
POCKET SURVEY METERS WITH ALARM
September 2011
Serial Number 143446 and Succeeding
Serial Numbers

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Summary of Contents for Ludlum Measurements 2401-ECA

  • Page 1 LUDLUM MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A AND 2401-PA POCKET SURVEY METERS WITH ALARM September 2011 Serial Number 143446 and Succeeding Serial Numbers...
  • Page 2 LUDLUM MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A AND 2401-PA POCKET SURVEY METERS WITH ALARM September 2011 Serial Number 143446 and Succeeding Serial Numbers...

  • Page 3: Statement Of Warranty

    RETURN OF GOODS TO MANUFACTURER If equipment needs to be returned to Ludlum Measurements, Inc. for repair or calibration, please send to the address below. All shipments should include documentation containing return shipping address, customer name, telephone number, description of service requested, and all other necessary information.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Measuring Ionizing Radiation What are the Health Risks from Ionizing Radiation? How Much Ionizing Radiation is Dangerous? Background Radiation 6-10 Manmade Radiation 6-11 Protection from Radiation 6-11 Standards and Regulation 6-12 Who is in Charge? 6-12 September 2011 Ludlum Measurements, Inc.
  • Page 5 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Recycling Parts List Models 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A Survey Meters Main Board, Drawing 397 × 87 Model 2401-PA Survey Meter Main Board, Drawing 397 × 190 Drawings and Diagrams September 2011 Ludlum Measurements, Inc.

  • Page 7: Introduction

    - contains an energy-compensated GM tube detector. Model 2401-EC2A This is basically the same as the Model 2401-ECA, with the capability of measuring higher levels of gamma radiation with corresponding measurement scales. - employs a full-size “pancake” tube detector (5.1 cm {2 Model 2401-PA in.} diameter) that can measure alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
  • Page 8 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 1 Each instrument in the Model 2401 series has a large 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) analog meter for displaying the radiation level. A three-decade range switch allows the user to switch among the three ranges (×1, ×10 and ×100). A...

  • Page 9: Getting Started

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 2 Section Getting Started Battery Installation Ensure the instrument selector switch is in the position. Remove the four screws from the back side of the instrument and remove the back housing. Place a 9-volt battery in the battery holder and press the battery onto battery terminals.

  • Page 10: Operational Check

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 2 Read and then remove the sticker (illustrated to the left) from the instrument. Setting of the alarm point is described in Section 4 of this manual. The factory setting of the alarm point is noted on the calibration sheet provided with the instrument.

  • Page 11: Specifications

    Model 2401-EC2A: 120 cpm per mR/hr Model 2401-PA: 3300 cpm per mR/hr Energy Response Model 2401-ECA: within 20% of true value from 60 keV to 3 MeV Model 2401-EWA: energy dependent Model 2401-EC2A: within 20% of true value from 60 keV...
  • Page 12 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 3 : one 9-volt battery; typical life is 250 hours at normal Power background radiation levels : typically 11 seconds or less from 10% to 90% of the Response Time final reading : within 10% of true reading Accuracy : 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) arc, 1 mA rugged analog meter...

  • Page 13: Identification Of Controls And Functions

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 4 Section Identification of Controls and Functions : Meter faces vary within the series, though all come Meter Face standard with a mR/hr scale and a scale. In addition, most BAT OK meter faces have a cpm scale. The actual radiation measurement is determined by multiplying the meter face reading by the multiple associated by the selected position of the range switch.
  • Page 14 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 4 Alternatively, a Ludlum Model 500 Pulser (or equivalent) may be used to inject counts, at the detector anode, to the desired meter reading. : These are recessed potentiometers Range Calibration Adjustments located under the front-panel calibration cover that allow for individual calibration of each range multiplier.

  • Page 15: Safety Considerations And Maintenance

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 5 Section Safety Considerations and Maintenance Environmental Conditions for Normal Use Indoor or outdoor use No maximum altitude with the exception of the Model 2401-EWA and 2401-PA where an altitude of 2438 m (8000 ft) above sea level should not be exceeded.

  • Page 16: Mica Window Precaution

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 5 Warning! The operator is strongly cautioned to take the following precautions to avoid contact with internal hazardous live parts that are accessible using a tool: 1. Turn the instrument power and remove the battery.

  • Page 17: Maintenance

    Check appropriate local procedures and regulations to determine required recalibration intervals. Ludlum Measurements offers a full-service repair and calibration department. We not only repair and calibrate our own instruments but most other manufacturers’ instruments. Calibration procedures are available upon request for customers who choose to calibrate their own instruments.

  • Page 18: Radiation Basics

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 Section Radiation Basics Radiation and Life Adapted from Eric J. Hall’ s book, “Radiation and Life” Radiation is energy traveling through space. Sunshine is one of the most familiar forms of radiation. It delivers light, heat, and suntans. We control its effect on us with sunglasses, shade, air conditioners, hats, clothes, and sunscreen.

  • Page 19: The Unstable Atom

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 The Unstable Atom Radiation comes from atoms, the basic building blocks of matter. Most atoms are stable; a carbon-12 atom, for example, remains a carbon-12 atom forever, and an oxygen-16 atom remains an oxygen-16 atom forever, but certain atoms eventually disintegrate into a totally new atom.

  • Page 20: Radioactive Decay

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 1 kg (2.2 lb) of uranium ore (Australian, 13.51 X 10 0.3%) 1 kg (2.2 lb) of low-level radioactive waste 27.03 X 10 1 kg (2.2 lb) of coal ash 5.41 X 10 1 kg (2.2 lb) of granite...

  • Page 21: Ionizing Radiation

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 Ionizing Radiation Here we are concerned mainly with ionizing radiation from the atomic nucleus. It occurs in two forms – rays and particles – at the high frequency end of the energy spectrum.

  • Page 22: Measuring Ionizing Radiation

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 their relatively large size, alpha particles collide readily with matter and lose their energy quickly. They, therefore, have little penetrating power and can be stopped by the first layer of skin or a sheet of paper.

  • Page 23: What Are The Health Risks From Ionizing Radiation

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 The amount of ionizing radiation, or 'dose', received by a person is measured in terms of the energy absorbed in the body tissue, and is expressed in RAD. One rad is 0.01 joules deposited per kilogram of mass.

  • Page 24: How Much Ionizing Radiation Is Dangerous

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 On the other hand, large doses of radiation directed specifically at a tumor are used in radiation therapy to kill cancerous cells, and thereby often save lives (usually in conjunction with chemotherapy or surgery). Much larger doses are used to kill harmful bacteria in food, and to sterilize bandages and other medical equipment.
  • Page 25 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 2 rem/yr averaged over 5 years is the limit for radiological personnel such as employees in the nuclear industry, uranium or mineral sands miners, and hospital workers (who are all closely monitored).
  • Page 26 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 where given a set population, we can estimate that about 20 percent will die from cancer, but we cannot say which individuals will die. Finally, that a conservative estimate of risk from low doses of radiation is thought to be one in which the risk is linear with dose.

  • Page 27: Background Radiation

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 You can also use the same approach to looking at risks on the job: Industry Type Est. life expectancy lost All Industries 60 days Agriculture 320 days Construction 227 days Mining and quarrying...

  • Page 28: Manmade Radiation

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 up to a couple thousand rem. However, there is no evidence of increased cancers or other health problems arising from these high natural levels. Man-made Radiation Ionizing radiation is also generated in a range of medical, commercial, and industrial activities.

  • Page 29: Standards And Regulation

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 6 Standards and Regulation Much of the evidence that has led to today's standards derives from the atomic bomb survivors in 1945, which were exposed to high doses incurred in a very short time. In setting occupational risk estimates, some allowance...
  • Page 30 To this end, Ludlum Measurements, Inc. strives to supply the consumer of its goods with information regarding reuse and recycling of the many different types of materials used in its products. With many different agencies –...

  • Page 31: Parts List

    MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 8 Section Parts List Reference Description Part Number Models 2401-ECA, UNIT Completely Assembled 2401-EWA and 2401- Survey Meter: EC2A Survey Meters Model 2401-ECA 48-2996 Model 2401-EWA 48-2997 Model 2401-EC2A 48-2995 Main Board, BOARD Completely Assembled Drawing 397 ×...
  • Page 32 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 8 Reference Description Part Number U021 ICM7555CBA 06-6300 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS U101 MAX638AESA 06-6389 U131 MAX641BCSA 06-6388 U211 CA3096M 06-6288 U212 TLC27M7ID 06-6292 U221 CD74HC4066M 06-6323 U231 CD74HC4538M 06-6297 DS121 ALARM, HLMP4700 07-6356 CR001...
  • Page 33 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 8 Reference Description Part Number R131-R132 100K, 125mW, 1% 12-7834 R133 10.0K, 125mW, 1% 12-7839 R202 100K, 125mW, 1% 12-7834 R211 1.00K, 125mW, 1% 12-7832 R212 33.2K, 250mW, 1% 12-7842 R213 301, 125mW, 1%...
  • Page 34 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 8 Reference Description Part Number UNIT Completely Assembled Model Model 2401-PA 2401-PA Survey Meter 48-3400 Survey Meter BOARD Assembled Model 2401-PA Main Board, Main Circuit Board 5397-190 Drawing 397 × 190 CAPACITORS C001 68µF, 6.3V...
  • Page 35 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 8 Reference Description Part Number THERMISTOR R216 07-6366 S111 OFF-ON-BAT-QUIET 08-6764 SWITCHES S112 RANGE 08-6763 POTENTIOMETERS R101 1.00M, ×1 ADJ 09-6911 R105 1.00M, ×10 ADJ 09-6911 R107 100K, ×100 ADJ 09-6930 R201 100K, ALARM ADJ...
  • Page 36 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 8 Reference Description Part Number INDUCTORS L001 150µHY 21-9677 L021 220µHY 21-9678 L131 470µHY 21-9699 CONNECTOR 640456-2, MISCELLANEOUS MTA100×2, METER 13-8073 B122 BATTERY-HLDR #1294 9V PCB 22-9404 DS011 UNIMORPH-PKM22EPP-4001 21-9782 MISCELLANEOUS GM TUBE - LND7311...
  • Page 37 MODELS 2401-ECA, 2401-EWA, 2401-EC2A & 2401-PA Section 9 Section Drawings Model 2401-ECA Front View, Drawing 397 × 100 Model 2401-EWA Front View, Drawing 397 × 101 Model 2401-EC2A Front View, Drawing 397 × 99 Model 2401-PA Front View, Drawing 397 × 188 Main Circuit Board Schematic, Drawing 397 ×...

This manual is also suitable for:

2401-pa2401-ewa2401-ec2a

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