Product Description; Introduction; Overview - GE D30 series Instruction Manual

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2.1INTRODUCTION
The D30 Line Distance Protection System is a microprocessor-based relay intended for use on transmission lines of any
voltage level, without, with, and in the vicinity of series compensation, in three-pole tripping applications. The primary func-
tion of the relay consists of five phase and ground distance zones of protection, either mho or quadrilateral as per user
selection. The distance elements are optimized to provide good measurement accuracy with a fast operating time, even
when used with capacitive voltage transformers, and can be supervised by detection of power swings. The relay also pro-
vides directional ground overcurrent elements, which are commonly used as part of an overall line protection system.
D30 phase distance zones can be configured to work with voltages and currents fed from VTs and CTs located indepen-
dently from one another on either side of a three-phase power transformer. The relay compensates accordingly to preserve
reach and correct target information regardless of the location and type of fault. This feature allows backup protection appli-
cations for generators and power transformers.
A close-into-fault (or switch-on-to-fault) function is performed by the line pickup element. Out-of-step tripping, three-pole
autoreclosing, synchrocheck, fault location, and many other functions are also available. In addition, overcurrent and
undervoltage protection, fault diagnostics, power metering, and RTU functions are provided. The D30 provides phase, neu-
tral, and ground time overcurrent protection. The time overcurrent functions can be programmed with multiple curve shapes
or FlexCurve™ for optimum coordination.
Voltage, current, and power metering is built into the relay as a standard feature. Current parameters are available
as total waveform RMS magnitude, or as fundamental frequency only RMS magnitude and angle (phasor).
Diagnostic features include an event recorder capable of storing 1024 time-tagged events, oscillography capable of storing
up to 64 records with programmable trigger, content and sampling rate, and data logger acquisition of up to 16 channels,
with programmable content and sampling rate. The internal clock used for time-tagging can be synchronized via IRIG-B or
via the SNTP protocol over the Ethernet port. This precise time stamping allows the sequence of events to be determined
throughout the system. Events can also be programmed (via FlexLogic™ equations) to trigger oscillography data capture
which may be set to record the measured parameters before and after the event for viewing on a personal computer (PC).
These tools significantly reduce troubleshooting time and simplify report generation in the event of a system fault.
A faceplate RS232 port may be used to connect to a PC for the programming of settings and the monitoring of actual val-
ues. A variety of communications modules are available. Two rear RS485 ports allow independent access by operating and
engineering staff. All serial ports use the Modbus RTU protocol. The RS485 ports may be connected to system computers
with baud rates up to 115.2 kbps. The RS232 port has a fixed baud rate of 19.2 kbps. The 100Base-FX Ethernet interface
provides fast, reliable communications in noisy environments. The Ethernet port supports IEC 61850, Modbus/TCP, and
TFTP protocols, PTP (according to IEEE Std. 1588-2008 or IEC 61588), and allows access to the relay via any standard
web browser (D30 web pages). The IEC 60870-5-104 protocol is supported on the Ethernet port, and DNP 3.0 and IEC
60870-5-104 cannot be enabled at the same time.
The D30 IEDs use flash memory technology which allows field upgrading as new features are added. The following single
line diagram illustrates the relay functionality using ANSI (American National Standards Institute) device numbers.
Table 2–1: DEVICE NUMBERS AND FUNCTIONS
DEVICE FUNCTION
NUMBER
21G Ground Distance
21P Phase Distance
25 Synchrocheck
27P Phase Undervoltage
27X Auxiliary Undervoltage
50DD Current Disturbance Detector
50G Ground Instantaneous Overcurrent
50N Neutral Instantaneous Overcurrent
50P Phase Instantaneous Overcurrent
50_2 Negative Sequence Instantaneous Overcurrent
51G Ground Time Overcurrent
51N Neutral Time Overcurrent
51P Phase Time Overcurrent
GE Multilin
DEVICE
NUMBER
51_2
52
59N
59P
59X
59_2
67N
67P
67_2
68
78
79
D30 Line Distance Protection System

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.1.1 OVERVIEW

FUNCTION
Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent
AC Circuit Breaker
Neutral Overvoltage
Phase Overvoltage
Auxiliary Overvoltage
Negative Sequence Overvoltage
Neutral Directional Overcurrent
Phase Directional Overcurrent
Negative Sequence Directional Overcurrent
Power Swing Blocking
Out-of-Step Tripping
Automatic Recloser
2
2-1