Introduction To Elements - GE N60 Instruction Manual

5.1 OVERVIEW
 SETTINGS
 TRANSDUCER I/O
 SETTINGS
 TESTING
5
In the design of UR relays, the term element is used to describe a feature that is based around a comparator. The compar-
ator is provided with an input (or set of inputs) that is tested against a programmed setting (or group of settings) to deter-
mine if the input is within the defined range that will set the output to logic 1, also referred to as setting the flag. A single
comparator may make multiple tests and provide multiple outputs; for example, the time overcurrent comparator sets a
pickup flag when the current input is above the setting and sets an operate flag when the input current has been at a level
above the pickup setting for the time specified by the time-current curve settings. All comparators use analog actual values
as the input.
The exception to the above rule are the digital elements, which use logic states as inputs.
NOTE
Elements are arranged into two classes, grouped and control. Each element classed as a grouped element is provided with
six alternate sets of settings, in setting groups numbered 1 through 6. The performance of a grouped element is defined by
the setting group that is active at a given time. The performance of a control element is independent of the selected active
setting group.
The main characteristics of an element are shown on the element logic diagram. This includes the inputs, settings, fixed
logic, and the output operands generated (abbreviations used on scheme logic diagrams are defined in Appendix F).
Some settings are specified in per-unit (pu) calculated quantities:
pu quantity = (actual quantity) / (base quantity)
Where the current source is from a single CT, the base quantity is the nominal secondary or primary current of the CT. Use
the secondary current base to convert per-unit current settings to/from a secondary current value, and use the primary cur-
rent base to convert to/from a primary current value.
5-4
 IEC 61850
 GOOSE ANALOGS
 IEC 61850
 GOOSE UINTEGERS
 DCMA INPUTS

 RTD INPUTS

 DCMA OUTPUTS

TEST MODE
FUNCTION: Disabled
TEST MODE FORCING:
On
 FORCE CONTACT
 INPUTS
 FORCE CONTACT
 OUTPUTS
 PMU
 TEST VALUES
N60 Network Stability and Synchrophasor Measurement System
5 SETTINGS
See page 5-241.
See page 5-242.
See page 5-243.
See page 5-244.
See page 5-246.
See page 5-249.
See page 5-249.
See page 5-250.
See page 5-251.
See page 5-252.

5.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTS

GE Multilin