FujiFilm SonoSite M-Turbo User Manual page 188

Mitral Valve Area (MVA) in cm
Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket
Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound,
Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 391, 452.
MVA = 220/PHT
where: PHT = pressure half time
Note: 220 is an empirical derived constant and may
not accurately predict mitral valve area in mitral
prosthetic heart valves. The mitral valve area
continuity equation may be utilized in mitral
prosthetic heart valves to predict effective orifice area.
MV Flow Rate in cc/sec
Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket
Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound,
Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 396.
Flow = 6.28 (r 2 ) * Va
where: r = radius
Va = aliasing Velocity
Pressure Gradient (PGr) in mmHG
Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual.
2nd ed., Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins,
(1999), 64.
PGr = 4 * (Velocity) 2
Peak E Pressure Gradient (E PG)
2
E PG = 4 * PE
Peak A Pressure Gradient (A PG)
2
A PG = 4 * PA
Peak Pressure Gradient (PGmax)
PGmax = 4 * PV 2
Mean Pressure Gradient (PGmean)
PGmean = Average of pressure
gradients/Duration of flow
176 Measurement publications and terminology
2 Pressure Half Time (PHT) in msec
Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket
Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound,
Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 391.
PHT = DT * 0.29
where:
Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) in
cm
Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual.
2nd ed., Boston: Little, Brown and Company,
(1999), 125.
PISA = 2 r
where:
Qp/Qs
Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket
Reference. 2nd ed., School of Cardiac Ultrasound,
Arizona Heart Institute, (2000), 400.
Qp/Qs = SV Qp site/SV Qs site
SV sites will vary depending upon the location of
the shunt.
Regurgitant Fraction (RF) in percent
Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual.
Boston: Little, Brown and Company, (1999), 125.
RF = RV/ MV SV
where:
Regurgitant Volume (RV) in cc
Reynolds, Terry. The Echocardiographer's Pocket
Reference. School of Cardiac Ultrasound, Arizona
Heart Institute, (2000), 396, 455.
RV = ERO * MR VTI
DT = deceleration time
2

2

2 = 6.28
r = aliasing radius
RV = Regurgitant Volume
MV SV = Mitral Stroke Volume