Page 1 ™ Netopia 4541 and 4542 ADSL Routers User’s Reference Guide...
Page 2 This manual and any associated artwork, software, and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied, in whole or part, without the prior written consent of Netopia, Inc. Under the law, copying includes translation to another language or format.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
How to use this guide ... 1-2 Find a location... 2-1 What you need ... 2-1 Identify the connectors and attach the cables ... 2-2 Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router status lights... 2-3 Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Windows-based Computers... 3-1 Dynamic conﬁguration (recommended)... 3-2 Static conﬁguration (optional)... 3-3 Conﬁguring TCP/IP on Macintosh Computers ...
Page 4 User’s Reference Guide IP Easy Setup ... 6-5 Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration ... 6-7 Chapter 7 — WAN and System Conﬁguration ...7-1 WAN conﬁguration... 7-1 Creating a new Connection Proﬁle ... 7-4 The default proﬁle... 7-7 IP parameters (default proﬁle) screen ... 7-8 Scheduled connections ...
Page 5 IP Address Pools ... 8-13 DHCP NetBIOS Options... 8-15 More Address Serving Options... 8-17 Conﬁguring the IP Address Server options... 8-18 DHCP Relay Agent... 8-23 Connection Proﬁles ... 8-25 Chapter 9 — Multiple Network Address Translation ...9-1 Overview ... 9-1 Features...
Page 6 User’s Reference Guide About ATMP Tunnels... 10-12 ATMP conﬁguration... 10-12 Encryption Support ... 10-15 MS-CHAP V2 and 128-bit strong encryption... 10-15 ATMP/PPTP Default Proﬁle... 10-16 VPN QuickView ... 10-17 Dial-Up Networking for VPN ... 10-18 Installing Dial-Up Networking ... 10-18 Creating a new Dial-Up Networking proﬁle ...
Page 7 Basic IP packet components ... 11-21 Basic protocol types ... 11-21 Firewall design rules... 11-22 Filter basics ... 11-24 Example ﬁlters ... 11-25 Chapter 12 — Monitoring Tools ...12-1 Quick View status overview ... 12-1 General status ... 12-2 Current status ... 12-3 Status lights ...
Page 8 User’s Reference Guide Restarting the system... 13-12 Appendix A — Troubleshooting...A-1 Conﬁguration problems ... A-1 Console connection problems ... A-2 Network problems ... A-2 How to reset the router to factory defaults ... A-3 Power outages... A-3 Technical support ... A-4 How to reach us...
Page 9: Chapter 1 - Introduction
The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router is a full-featured, stand-alone DSL router for connecting diverse local area networks (LANs) to the Internet and other remote networks. The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router uses a high performance telecommunications line to provide your whole network with a high-speed connection to the outside world.
Page 10: How To Use This Guide
In addition to the simple documentation contained in the accompanying Getting Started Guide, this guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router. It is intended to be viewed on-line, using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader. The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen.
Page 11: Chapter 2 - Making The Physical Connections
Cable length and network size limitations when expanding networks For small networks, install the Netopia 4541/4542 near one of the LANs. For large networks, you can install the Netopia 4541/4542 in a wiring closet or a central network administration site.
Page 12: Identify The Connectors And Attach The Cables
You will need: A Windows 95 or 98–based PC or a Macintosh computer with Ethernet connectivity for conﬁguring the Netopia 4541/4542. This may be built-in Ethernet or an add-on card, with TCP/IP installed and conﬁgured. “Sharing the Connection” on page An ADSL wall outlet wired for a connection to a Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) who supports Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line connections.
Page 13: Netopia 4541/4542 Adsl Router Status Lights
DSL cable connected between the router and the DSL wall outlet. Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router status lights The ﬁgure below represents the Netopia 4541/4542 status light (LED) panel. Netopia 4541/4542 LED front panel The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors: When this happens...
Page 14 2-4 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 15: Chapter 3 - Sharing The Connection
Once you have set up your physical local area network, you will need to conﬁgure the TCP/IP stack on each client workstation connected to your Netopia 4541/4542. This chapter describes how to conﬁgure TCP/IP for both Windows-based and Macintosh computers.
Page 16: Dynamic Conﬁguration (Recommended)
DNS will be assigned by the router with DHCP. Click OK in this window and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer. Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia 4541/4542.
Page 17: Static Conﬁguration (Optional)
Static conﬁguration (optional) If you are manually conﬁguring for a ﬁxed or static IP address, perform the following: Go to Start Menu/Settings/Control Panels and double click the Network icon. From the Network components list, select the Conﬁguration tab. Select TCP/IP-->Your Network Card. Then select Properties. In the TCP/IP Properties screen, select the IP Address tab.
Page 18 Click on the Gateway tab (shown below). Under “New gateway,” enter 192.168.1.1. Click Add. This is the Netopia 4541/4542’s pre-assigned IP address. Click OK in this window and the next window. When prompted, reboot the computer. Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses.
Page 19: Conﬁguring Tcp/Ip On Macintosh Computers
You must have either Open Transport or Classic Networking (MacTCP) installed. Note: If you want to use the Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) server built into your Netopia 4541/4542 to assign IP addresses to your Macintoshes, you must be running Open Transport, standard in MacOS 8 and optional in earlier system versions.
Page 20: Static Conﬁguration (Optional)
If you are using MacTCP, you must restart the computer. If you are using Open Transport, you do not need to restart. Note: You can also use these instructions to conﬁgure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia 4541/4542. Select/Type: Ethernet Manually 192.168.1.2...
Page 21 IP addresses. Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address. More information about conﬁguring your Macintosh computer for TCP/IP connectivity through a Netopia 4541/4542 can be found in Technote NIR_026, “Open Transport and Netopia Routers,” located on the Netopia Web site.
Page 22 3-8 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 23: Chapter 4 — Connecting To Your Local Area Network
TCP/IP stacks must be conﬁgured with some of the same information you used to conﬁgure the Netopia 4541/4542. There are a number of TCP/IP stacks available for PC computers. Windows 95 includes a built-in TCP/IP stack. Macintosh computers use either MacTCP or Open Transport. See Windows-based Computers”...
Page 24: Connecting To An Ethernet Network
4-2 User’s Reference Guide Once the Netopia 4541/4542 is properly conﬁgured and connected to your LAN, PC and Macintosh computers that have their required components in place will be able to connect to the Internet or other remote IP networks.
Page 25: Chapter 5 - Console-Based Management
C C C C o o o o n n n n s s s s o o o o l l l l e e e e - - - - B B B B a a a a s s s s e e e e d d d d M M M M a a a a n n n n a a a a g g g g e e e e m m m m e e e e n n n n t t t t Console-based management is a menu-driven interface for the capabilities built into the Netopia 4541/4542.
Page 26: Connecting Through A Telnet Session
“Quick View status overview” on page 12-1 Connecting through a Telnet session Features of the Netopia 4541/4542 can be conﬁgured through the console screens. Before you can access the console screens through Telnet, you must have: A network connection locally to the router or IP access to the router.
Page 27: Conﬁguring Telnet Software
If you connect a Macintosh computer, you can use the NCSA Telnet program supplied on the Netopia 4541/4542 CD. You install NCSA Telnet by simply dragging the application from the CD to your hard disk. Connecting a console cable to your router You can perform all of the system conﬁguration activities for your Netopia 4541/4542 through a local serial...
Page 28: Navigating Through The Console Screens
Navigating through the console screens Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia 4541/4542’s conﬁguration screens, enter and edit information, and make choices. The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens.
Page 29: Chapter 6 - Easy Setup
E E E E a a a a s s s s y y y y S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia 4541/4542. After completing the Easy Setup console screens, your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site.
Page 30: Quick Easy Setup Connection Path
6-2 User’s Reference Guide If you do not see the Main Menu, verify that: If you are using a serial connection, that your serial port speed is the same as the Netopia 4541/4542’s default 9600 baud, for ﬁrst use. The computer used to view the console screen has its serial port connected to the Netopia 4541/4542’s Console port or an Ethernet connection to one of its Ethernet ports.
Page 31: Dsl Line Conﬁguration
Multimode, T1.413, G.dmt, G.lite, or ADI. Select Data Link Encapsulation and from the pop-up menu choose either RFC1483 (the default) or PPP. If you selected RFC1483, the next pop-up menu RFC1483 Mode offers the choice of Bridged 1483 or Netopia Router Easy Setup... WAN Configuration...
Page 32: Easy Setup Proﬁle
ISP or a corporate site. On a Netopia 4541/4542 you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, although you can only use one at a time, unless you are using Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
Page 33: Ip Easy Setup
Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN. Press Return to bring up the next screen. IP Easy Setup The IP Easy Setup screen is where you enter information about your Netopia Router’s: Ethernet IP address Ethernet Subnet mask...
Page 34 If you do not enter a Default IP Gateway value, the router defaults to the remote IP address you entered in the Easy Setup connection proﬁle. If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination of any IP trafﬁc, it forwards that trafﬁc to this gateway.
Page 35: Easy Setup Security Conﬁguration
PREVIOUS SCREEN Configure a Configuration Access Name and Password here. The ﬁnal step in conﬁguring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia 4541/4542, so that the conﬁguration settings take effect. Select RESTART DEVICE. A prompt asks you to conﬁrm your choice.
Page 36 6-8 User’s Reference Guide The Router will restart and your conﬁguration settings will be activated. You can then Exit or Quit your Telnet application. Easy Setup is now complete.
Page 37: Chapter 7 — Wan And System Conﬁguration
This chapter describes how to use the console-based management screens to access and conﬁgure advanced features of your Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router. You can customize these features for your individual setup. These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their router’s connection proﬁles and system conﬁguration.
Page 38 Select Circuit Type and from the pop-up menu choose the type of circuit to which you will be connecting. Model 4541 offers Multimode, T1.413, G.dmt, G.lite, or ADI. Model 4542 offers Multimode, ADI ETDI, ITU Standard, UR2, ADI Legacy, TI Legacy and Alcatel ETSI.
Page 39 Circuit Name: Circuit Enabled: Circuit VPI (0-255): Circuit VCI (0-65535): Use Connection Profile... Use Default Profile for Circuit ADD Circuit NOW Enter a name for the circuit in the Circuit Name ﬁeld. Toggle Circuit Enabled to Yes. Enter the Virtual Path Identiﬁer and the Virtual Channel Identiﬁer in the Circuit VPI and Circuit VCI ﬁelds, respectively.
Page 40: Creating A New Connection Proﬁle
COMMIT Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? On a Netopia 4541/4542 you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, but you can only use one at a time, unless you are using VPNs. Select Proﬁle Name and enter a name for this connection proﬁle. It can be any name you wish. For example: the name of your ISP.
Page 41 Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Return. The pop-up menu offers the possible data link encapsulation methods for connection proﬁles used for a variety of purposes: PPP, RFC1483, ATMP, PPTP, or IPsec. If you select any data link encapsulation method other than RFC1483, a Data Link Options menu item is displayed;...
Page 42 7-6 User’s Reference Guide Address Translation Enabled: IP Addressing... NAT Map List... NAT Server List... Local WAN IP Address: Local WAN IP Mask: Filter Set... Remove Filter Set RIP Profile Options... Toggle or enter any IP Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Proﬁle screen by pressing Escape.
Page 43: The Default Proﬁle
The default proﬁle If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation, the Default Proﬁle screen controls whether or not the ADSL link will come up without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle. (PPP datalink encapsulation does not support a default proﬁle, and the corresponding menu item is unavailable.) See page 8-25 for more information.
Page 44: Ip Parameters (Default Proﬁle) Screen
7-8 User’s Reference Guide IP parameters (default proﬁle) screen If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation, the IP Parameters (Default Proﬁle) screen allows you to conﬁgure various IP parameters for ADSL connections established without an explicitly conﬁgured connection proﬁle: Address Translation Enabled: Filter Set (Firewall)...
Page 45: Viewing Scheduled Connections
Navigate from here to add/modify/change/delete Scheduled Connections. Viewing scheduled connections To display a table of scheduled connections, select Display/Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen. Each scheduled connection occupies one row of the table. +-Days----Begin At---HH:MM---When----Conn. Prof. Name----Enabled-----+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | mtWtfss 08:30PM +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ The ﬁrst column in the table shows a one-letter representation of the Days of the week, from Monday (M or m)
Page 46: Adding A Scheduled Connection
7-10 User’s Reference Guide The other columns show: The time of day that the connection will Begin At The duration of the connection (HH:MM) Whether it’s a recurring Weekly connection or used Once Only Which connection proﬁle (Conn. Prof.) is used to connect Whether the scheduled connection is currently Enabled The router checks the date and time set in scheduled connections against the system date and time.
Page 47: Set Weekly Schedule
demand call on the line. Demand-Allowed, meaning that this schedule will permit a demand call on the line. Demand-Blocked, meaning that this schedule will prevent a demand call on the line. Periodic, meaning that the connection is retried several times during the scheduled time. If How Often is set to Weekly, the item directly below How Often reads Set Weekly Schedule.
Page 48: Set Once-Only Schedule
7-12 User’s Reference Guide Set Once-Only Schedule If you set How Often to Once Only, select Set Once-Only Schedule and go to the Set Once-Only Schedule screen. Place Call on (MM/DD/YY): Scheduled Window Start Time: AM or PM: Scheduled Window Duration: Select Place Call On (Date) and enter a date in the format MM/DD/YY or MM/DD/YYYY (month, day, year).
Page 49: Modifying A Scheduled Connection
Escape key. System conﬁguration screens You can connect to the Netopia 4541/4542’s system conﬁguration screens in either of two ways: By using Telnet with the Router’s Ethernet port IP address Through the console port, using a local terminal (see...
Page 50: Navigating Through The System Conﬁguration Screens
Beginning in the Main Menu, select System Conﬁguration and press Return. The System Conﬁguration screen appears. Select IP Setup and press Return. The IP Setup screen appears. To go back in this sequence of screens, use the Escape key. Netopia Router Easy Setup... WAN Configuration... System Configuration...
Page 51: System Conﬁguration Features
System conﬁguration features The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router’s default settings may be all you need to conﬁgure your Netopia 4541/4542. Some users, however, require advanced settings or prefer manual control over the default selections. For these users, the Netopia 4541/4542 provides system conﬁguration options.
Page 52: Ip Setup
7-16 User’s Reference Guide IP setup These screens allow you to conﬁgure your network’s use of the IP networking protocol. Details are given in “IP Setup” on page Filter sets (ﬁrewalls) These screens allow you to conﬁgure security on your network by means of ﬁlter sets and a basic ﬁrewall. Details are given in “Security”...
Page 53: Console Conﬁguration
Select the Router’s time zone from the Time Zone pop-up menu and press Return. In the NTP Update Interval ﬁeld, enter how often to synchronize with the time server, using the format HHHH:MM where H is hours and M is minutes. Select a System Date Format;...
Page 54: Security
You can upgrade your Netopia 4541/4542 by adding new feature sets through the Upgrade Feature Set utility. See the release notes that came with your router or feature set upgrade, or visit the Netopia Web site at www.netopia.com for information on new feature sets, how to obtain them, and how to install them on your Netopia 4541/4542.
Page 55: Installing The Syslog Client
Erase the log by selecting DUMP WAN LOG Installing the Syslog client The Goodies folder on the Netopia CD contains a Syslog client daemon program that can be conﬁgured to report the WAN events you speciﬁed in the Logging Conﬁguration screen.
Page 56 7-20 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 57 I I I I P P P P S S S S e e e e t t t t u u u u p p p p The Netopia 4541/4542 uses Internet Protocol (IP) to communicate both locally and with remote networks.
Page 58: Chapter 8 - Ip Setup
Main Menu The IP Setup options screen is where you conﬁgure the Ethernet side of the Netopia 4541/4542. The information you enter here controls how the router routes IP trafﬁc. Consult your network administrator or ISP to obtain the IP setup information (such as the Ethernet IP address, Ethernet subnet mask, default IP gateway, and Primary Domain Name Server IP address) you will need before changing any of the settings in this screen.
Page 59: Ip Setup
Netopia 4541/4542 needs to recognize. If this is the case select Receive RIP and select v1, v2, or Both from the pop-up menu. With Receive RIP set to v1, the Netopia 4541/4542’s Ethernet port will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use the same subnet mask.
Page 60: Ip Subnets
All eight row labels are always visible, regardless of the number of subnets conﬁgured. To add an IP subnet, enter the Netopia 4541/4542’s IP address on the subnet in the IP Address ﬁeld in a particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask ﬁeld in that row.
Page 61 For example: IP Address ---------------- 192.128.117.162 192.128.152.162 0.0.0.0 To delete a conﬁgured subnet, set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0.0.0.0, either explicitly or by clearing each ﬁeld and pressing Return to commit the change. When a conﬁgured subnet is deleted, the values in subsequent rows adjust up to ﬁll the vacant ﬁelds.
Page 62: Static Routes
Static routes are IP routes that are maintained manually. Each static route acts as a pointer that tells the Netopia 4541/4542 how to reach a particular network. However, static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table, which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia 4541/4542 (see page 12-7).
Page 63 The Static Routes screen will appear. Configure/View/Delete Static Routes from this and the following Screens. Viewing static routes To display a view-only table of static routes, select Display/Change Static Route. The table shown below will appear. +-Dest. Network---Subnet Mask-----Next Gateway----Priority-Enabled-+ +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 +------------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 64 Select Destination Network Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask used by the destination network. Select Next Gateway IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia 4541/4542 will use to reach the destination network. This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network, but it must at least know where to forward packets destined for that network.
Page 65 If the static route conﬂicts with a connection proﬁle, the connection proﬁle will always take precedence. To make sure that the static route is known only to the Netopia 4541/4542, select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to No. To allow other RIP-capable routers to know about the static route, select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to Yes.
Page 66: Ip Address Serving
Menu Configuration In addition to being a router, the Netopia 4541/4542 is also an IP address server. There are three protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses. The ﬁrst, called Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), is widely supported on PC networks, as well as Apple Macintosh computers using Open Transport and computers using the UNIX operating system.
Page 67 If you enabled IP Address Serving, then DHCP, BootP clients and Dynamic WAN clients are automatically enabled. The IP Address Serving Mode pop-up menu allows you to choose the way in which the Netopia 4541/4542 will serve IP addresses. The device can act as either a DHCP Server or a DHCP Relay Agent. (See “DHCP...
Page 68 8-12 User’s Reference Guide If you have conﬁgured multiple Ethernet IP subnets, the appearance of the IP Address Serving screen is altered slightly: IP Address Serving Mode... Configure Address Pools... Serve DHCP Clients: DHCP Lease Time (Hours): DHCP NetBIOS Options... Serve BOOTP Clients: Serve Dynamic WAN Clients Three menu items are hidden, and Conﬁgure Address Pools...
Page 69: Ip Address Pools
The Client Gateway column allows you to specify the default gateway address that will be provided to clients served an address from the corresponding pool. The value defaults to the Netopia 4541/4542’s IP address on the corresponding subnet (or the Netopia 4541/4542’s default gateway, if that gateway is located on the subnet in question).
Page 70 When requesting an address, a client will often suggest an address to be assigned, such as the one it was last served. The Netopia 4541/4542 will attempt to honor this request if the address is available. The client stores this address in non-volatile storage, for example, on disk, and the speciﬁc storage method/location differs depending on the client operating system.
Page 71: Dhcp Netbios Options
DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS, you can enable the Netopia 4541/4542 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS information. NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input/Output System. It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with speciﬁc hardware. NetBIOS has been adopted as an industry standard.
Page 72 8-16 User’s Reference Guide From the NetBios Type pop-up menu, select the type of NetBIOS used on your network. Serve NetBios Type: NetBios Type... Serve NetBios Scope: NetBios Scope: Serve NetBios Name Server: NetBios Name Server IP Addr: To serve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope, select Serve NetBios Scope and toggle it to Yes. Select NetBios Scope and enter the scope.
Page 73: More Address Serving Options
The ability to serve as a DHCP Relay Agent. The Netopia 4541/4542 supports reserving an IP address only for a type 1 client identiﬁer (i.e., an Ethernet hardware address). It does not support reserving an IP address for an arbitrary client identiﬁer. (For more information on client identiﬁers, see RFC 2131, section 9.14.)
Page 74: Conﬁguring The Ip Address Server Options
8-18 User’s Reference Guide Conﬁguring the IP Address Server options To access the enhanced DHCP server functions, from the Main Menu navigate to Statistics & Logs and then Served IP Addresses. Main Menu The following example shows the Served IP Addresses screen after three clients have leased IP addresses. The ﬁrst client did not provide a Host Name in its DHCP messages;...
Page 75 You can select the entries in the Served IP Addresses screen. Use the up and down arrow keys to move the selection to one of the entries in the list of served IP addresses. -IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier----------------- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.102...
Page 76 8-20 User’s Reference Guide Details… is displayed if the entry is associated with both a host name and a client identiﬁer. Selecting Details… displays a pop-up menu that provides additional information associated with the IP address. The pop-up menu includes the IP address as well as the host name and client identiﬁer supplied by the client to which the address is leased.
Page 77 -IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier----------------- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.101 192.1+-------------------------------------------------------------+ 192.1+-------------------------------------------------------------+ 192.1| 192.1| You are about to make changes that will affect an address 192.1| that is currently in use. Are you sure you want to do this? | 192.1| 192.1| CANCEL 192.1| 192.1+-------------------------------------------------------------+...
Page 78 8-22 User’s Reference Guide -IP Address------Type----Expires—-Host Name/Client Identifier----------------- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.102 +--------------------------------------+ 192.168.1.103 +--------------------------------------+ 192.168.1.104 192.168.1.105 | IP Address is 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.106 | MAC Address: 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 192.168.1.109 192.168.1.110 192.168.1.111 +--------------------------------------+ 192.168.1.112 192.168.1.113 ---------------------------------SCROLL DOWN---------------------------------- Lease Management... The router’s Ethernet IP address(es) will be automatically excluded from the address serving pool(s) on startup. Entries in the served IP address list corresponding to the router’s Ethernet IP address(es) that have been automatically excluded on startup are not selectable.
Page 79 Netopia Router. If the Netopia Router is conﬁgured to act as a DHCP server, it will assign the client an address from an address pool conﬁgured locally in the Netopia Router and respond to the client's request...
Page 80: Dhcp Relay Agent
8-24 User’s Reference Guide Select IP Address Serving and press Return. The IP Address Serving screen appears. IP Address Serving Mode... Number of Client IP Addresses: 1st Client Address: Client Default Gateway... Serve DHCP Clients: DHCP NetBIOS Options... Serve BOOTP Clients: Select IP Address Serving Mode.
Page 81: Connection Proﬁles
COMMIT Configure a new Conn. Profile. Finished? On a Netopia 4541/4542 you can add up to 15 more connection proﬁles, for a total of 16, although only one can be used at a time, unless you are using VPNs. Select Proﬁle Name and enter a name for this connection proﬁle. It can be any name you wish. For example: the name of your ISP.
Page 82 8-26 User’s Reference Guide Toggle the Proﬁle Enabled value to Yes or No. The default is Yes. Select IP Proﬁle Parameters and press Return. The IP Proﬁle Parameters screen appears. Address Translation Enabled: IP Addressing... NAT Map List... NAT Server List... Local WAN IP Address: Local WAN IP Mask: Remote IP Address:...
Page 83 Select ADD PROFILE NOW and press Return. Your new connection proﬁle will be added. If you want to view the connection proﬁles in your router, return to the WAN Conﬁguration screen, and select Display/Change Connection Proﬁle. The list of connection proﬁles is displayed in a scrolling pop-up screen.
Page 84 8-28 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 85: Chapter 9 - Multiple Network Address Translation
To help you understand some of the concepts discussed here, it may be helpful to introduce some NAT terminology. The term mapping refers to rules that associate one or more private addresses on the Netopia Router’s LAN to one or more public addresses on the Netopia Routers WAN interface (typically the Internet).
Page 86 IP address to which you would like to provide access. You may also deﬁne a speciﬁc public IP address to use for this service if you want to use an IP other than the WAN IP address of the Netopia Router.
Page 87: Wan Network
NAT. Dynamic NAT is intended to provide functionality beyond many-to-one and one-to-one translation. Netopia’s NAT implementation makes it possible to have a static mapping of one public address to one private address, thus allowing applications such as NetMeeting to work by assuring that any trafﬁc sent back to the source IP address is forwarded through to the internal machine.
Page 88 For example, if a connection is initiated from the public network and is destined for a public IP address conﬁgured on the Netopia Router, the following comparisons are made in this order. The Netopia Router ﬁrst checks its internal NAT cache to see if the data is part of a previously initiated connection, if not…...
Page 89: Supported Trafﬁc
In order to support this type of mapping, you deﬁne two address ranges. First, you deﬁne a public range which contains the ﬁrst and last public address to be used and the way in which these addresses should be used (PAT, static, or dynamic).
Page 90: Easy Setup Proﬁle Conﬁguration
9-6 User’s Reference Guide Easy Setup Proﬁle conﬁguration The screen below is an example. Depending on the type of router you are using, ﬁelds displayed in this screen may vary. Connection Profile Name: Address Translation Enabled: IP Addressing... Local WAN IP Address: Local WAN IP Mask: Remote IP Address: Remote IP Mask:...
Page 91: Ip Setup
Domain Name: Receive RIP... Transmit RIP... Static Routes... Network Address Translation (NAT)... Set up the basic IP attributes of your Netopia in this screen. Select Network Address Translation (NAT) and press Return. Multiple Network Address Translation 9-7 9-26. setup. System...
Page 92 9-8 User’s Reference Guide The Network Address Translation screen appears. Return/Enter to configure IP Address redirection. Public Range deﬁnes an external address range and indicates what type of mapping to apply when using this range. The types of mapping available are dynamic, static and pat. Map Lists deﬁne collections of mapping rules.
Page 93 The Add NAT Public Range screen appears. Range Name: Type... Public Address: First Public Port: Last Public Port: ADD NAT PUBLIC RANGE Select Range Name and give a descriptive name to this range. Select Type and from the pop-up menu, assign its type. Options are static, dynamic, or pat (the default). If you choose pat as the range type, select Public Address and enter the exterior IP address in the range you want to assign.
Page 94 9-10 User’s Reference Guide Map List Name: Add Map... Select Map List Name and enter a descriptive name for this map list. A new menu item, Add Map, appears. Select Add Map and press Return. The Add NAT Map screen appears. First Private Address: Last Private Address: Use NAT Public Range...
Page 95 +-Public Address Range------------Type----Name-------------+ +----------------------------------------------------------+ | 0.0.0.0 | 206.1.1.6 | 206.1.1.1 | <<NEW RANGE...>> +----------------------------------------------------------+ Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to cancel, Return/Enter to Delete. From the list of public ranges you deﬁned, select the one that you want to map to the interior range for this mapping and press Return.
Page 96: Modifying Map Lists
9-12 User’s Reference Guide Modifying map lists You can make changes to an existing map list after you have created it. Since there may be more than one map list you must select which one you are modifying. From the Network Address Translation screen select Show/Change Map List and press Return. Select the map list you want to modify from the pop-up menu.
Page 97 Add Map allows you to add a new map to the map list. Show/Change Maps allows you to modify the individual maps within the list. Delete Map allows you to delete a map from the list. Selecting Show/Change Maps or Delete Map displays the same pop-up menu. +---Private Address Range---------Type----Public Address Range------------+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 192.168.1.1...
Page 98: Adding Server Lists
9-14 User’s Reference Guide Adding Server Lists Server lists, also known as Exports, are handled similarly to map lists. If you want to make a particular server’s port accessible (and it isn’t accessible through other means, such as a static mapping), you must create a server list.
Page 99 Select Add Server and press Return. The Add NAT Server screen appears. Service... Server Private IP Address: Public IP Address: ADD NAT SERVER Select Service and press Return. A pop-up menu appears listing a selection of commonly exported services. Service... Server Private IP Address: Public IP Address: ADD NAT SERVER...
Page 100 Note: CUSeeMe (or other services that listen on speciﬁc ports) through MultiNat works as it did for non-MultiNat releases prior to version 4.4. In order to use CUSeeMe through the Netopia Router, you must export the ports 7648 and 7649. In MultiNat, you may use a port range export. Without the export, CUSeeMe will fail to work.
Page 101: Modifying Server Lists
Modifying server lists Once a server list exists, you can select it for modiﬁcation or deletion. Select Show/Change Server List from the Network Address Translation screen. Select the Server List Name you want to modify from the pop-up menu and press Return. Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit.
Page 102 9-18 User’s Reference Guide Selecting Show/Change Server or Delete Server displays the same pop-up menu. +-Private Address--Public Address----Port------------+ +----------------------------------------------------+ Se| 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.254 Ad| 192.168.1.254 | 192.168.1.254 +----------------------------------------------------+ Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit. Select any server from the list and press Return.
Page 103: Deleting A Server
Deleting a server To delete a server from the list, select Delete Server from the Show/Change NAT Server List menu and press Return. A pop-up menu lists your conﬁgured servers. Select the one you want to delete and press Return. A dialog box asks you to conﬁrm your choice.
Page 104: Binding Map Lists And Server Lists
Binding Map Lists and Server Lists Once you have created your map lists and server lists, for most Netopia Router models you must bind them to a proﬁle, either a Connection Proﬁle or the Default Proﬁle. You do this in one of the following screens: IP proﬁle parameters...
Page 105 Select NAT Map List and press Return. A pop-up menu displays a list of your deﬁned map lists. Address Trans| Easy-PAT IP Addressing| my_map NAT Map List.| NAT Server Li| Local WAN IP | Remote IP Add| Remote IP Mas| Filter Set...| Remove Filter| Receive RIP: |...
Page 106: Ip Parameters (Wan Default Proﬁle)
9-22 User’s Reference Guide IP Parameters (WAN Default Proﬁle) The Netopia 4541/4542 using RFC 1483 supports a WAN default proﬁle that permits several parameters to be conﬁgured without an explicitly conﬁgured Connection Proﬁle. The procedure is similar to the procedure to bind map lists and server lists to a Connection Proﬁle.
Page 107 Select NAT Map List and press Return. A pop-up menu displays a list of your deﬁned map lists. Address Trans| <<None>> NAT Map List.| NAT Server Li| Filter Set (F| Remove Filter| Receive RIP: | Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit. Select the map list you want to bind to the default proﬁle and press Return.
Page 108: Nat Associations
9-24 User’s Reference Guide NAT Associations Conﬁguration of map and server lists alone is not sufﬁcient to enable NAT for a WAN connection because map and server lists must be linked to a proﬁle that controls the WAN interface. This can be a Connection Proﬁle, a WAN Ethernet interface, a default proﬁle, or a default answer proﬁle.
Page 109 keys. Select the item by pressing Return to display a pop-up menu of all of your conﬁgured lists. Profile/Interface Name-------------Nat+------------------+Server List Name Easy Setup Profile Profile 01 Profile 02 Profile 03 Profile 04 Default Answer Profile Up/Down Arrow Keys to select, ESC to dismiss, Return/Enter to Edit. Select the list name you want to assign and press Return again.
Page 110: Multinat Conﬁguration Example
Public IP addresses assigned by the ISP are 206.1.1.1 through 206.1.1.6 (255.255.255.248 subnet mask). Your internal devices have IP addresses of 192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.254 (255.255.255.0 subnet mask). Netopia Router's address is: Web server's address is: Mail server's address is: FTP server's address is: In this example you will statically map the ﬁrst ﬁve public IP addresses (206.1.1.1 - 206.1.1.5) to the ﬁrst ﬁve...
Page 111 Default IP Gateway: IP Address Serving: Number of Client IP Addresses: 1st Client Address: PREVIOUS SCREEN Set up the basic IP & IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen. Then navigate to the Network Address Translation (NAT) screen. Main Menu Configuration...
Page 112 9-28 User’s Reference Guide Select Show/Change Public Range, then Easy-PAT Range, and press Return. Enter the value your ISP assigned for your public address (206.1.1.6, in this example). Toggle Type to pat. Your public address is then mapped to the remaining private IP addresses using PAT. (If you were not using the Easy-PAT Range and Easy-PAT List that are created by default by using Easy Setup, you would have to deﬁne a public range and map list.
Page 113 You do this through either the NAT Associations screen or the proﬁle’s conﬁguration screens. The PAT part of this example setup will allow any user on the Netopia Router's LAN with an IP address in the range of 192.168.1.6 through 192.168.1.254 to initiate trafﬁc ﬂow to the outside world (for example, the Internet).
Page 114 IP address, 206.1.1.3. For the sake of this example, alias both services to 206.1.1.2. Now, as before, the PAT conﬁguration will allow any user on the Netopia Router's LAN with an IP address in the range of 192.168.1.6 through 192.168.1.254 to initiate trafﬁc ﬂow to the Internet.
Page 115: Chapter 10 - Virtual Private Networks (Vpns)
(Internet). The Netopia 4541/4542 can be used in VPNs either to initiate the connection or to answer it. When used in this way, the routers are said to be tunnelling through the public network (Internet). The advantages are that, like your long distance phone call, you don't need a direct line between one computer or LAN and the other, but use the local connections, making it much cheaper;...
Page 116 Netopia’s PPTP implementation is compatible with Microsoft’s and can function as either the client (PAC) or the server (PNS). As a client, a Netopia R-series router can provide all users on a LAN with secure access over the Internet to the resources of another LAN by setting up a tunnel with a Windows NT server running Remote Access Services (RAS) or with another Netopia Router.
Page 117: About Pptp Tunnels
When used to initiate the tunnelled connection, the Netopia 4541/4542 is called a PPTP Access Concentrator (PAC, in PPTP language), or a foreign agent (in ATMP language). When used to answer the tunnelled connection, the Netopia Router is called a PPTP Network Server (PNS, in PPTP language) or a home agent (in ATMP language).
Page 118: Pptp Conﬁguration
10-4 User’s Reference Guide PPTP conﬁguration To set up the router as a PPTP Network Server (PNS) capable of answering PPTP tunnel requests you must also conﬁgure the VPN Default Answer Proﬁle. See PPTP is a Datalink Encapsulation option in Connection Proﬁles. It is not an option in device or link conﬁguration screens, as PPTP is not a native encapsulation.
Page 119 When you deﬁne a Connection Proﬁle as using PPTP by selecting PPTP as the datalink encapsulation method, and then select Data Link Options, the PPTP Tunnel Options screen appears. PPTP Partner IP Address: Tunnel Via Gateway: Authentication... Data Compression... Send Host name: Send Password: Receive Host name: Receive Password:...
Page 120 MS-CHAP version 1 (MS-CHAP-V1). When you choose MS-CHAP as the authentication method for the PPTP tunnel, the Netopia router will start negotiating MS-CHAP-V2. If the router you are connecting to does not support MS-CHAP-V2, it will fall back to MS-CHAP-V1, or, if the router you are connecting to does not support MPPE at all, the PPP session will be dropped.
Page 121: About Ipsec Tunnels
IPsec supports two encryption modes: Transport and Tunnel. Transport mode encrypts only the data portion (payload) of each packet, but leaves the header untouched. The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload. On the receiving side, an IPsec-compliant device decrypts each packet. Netopia Routers support the more secure Tunnel mode.
Page 122 10-8 User’s Reference Guide The Add Connection Proﬁle screen appears. Profile Name: Profile Enabled: Data Link Encapsulation... Data Link Options... IP Profile Parameters... COMMIT From the Data Link Encapsulation pop-up menu select IPsec. Then select Data Link Options. The IPsec Encryption & Authentication Options screen appears. Encryption Transform...
Page 123 IPsec Encryption & Authentication Options Encryption Transform... Encryption Key: Authentication Type... Authentication Transform... Authentication Key: COMMIT Enter a key of 16 Hex digits, e.g. '1234567890ABCDEF' You must enter an Encryption Key if the Encryption Transform is DES. The key for DES must be a hexadecimal string of 16 characters, using Hex characters only: '0'-'9', 'A'-'F' and 'a' - 'f'.
Page 124: Ip Proﬁle Parameters
10-10 User’s Reference Guide IP Proﬁle Parameters The following IP Proﬁle Options screen is displayed for an IPsec Connection Proﬁle. SPI (Security Parameters Index): Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address: Idle Timeout (seconds): Remote Members Network: Remote Members Mask: Address Translation Enabled: NAT Map List...
Page 125: Advanced Ip Proﬁle Options
Map Lists, Server Lists, and PAT addresses are described in detail in Translation.” You can specify a Filter Set. See You can remove a Filter Set. You can choose to conﬁgure Advanced IP Proﬁle Options (see following section). Note: The SPI title ﬁeld above changes to SPI (Security Parameters Index) -- Use Advanced IP Proﬁle Options if any of the SPI values differ from each other.
Page 126: Interoperation With Other Features
10-12 User’s Reference Guide If you do not specify the Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address, the router will use the default gateway to reach the partner. If the partner should be reached via an alternate port (for example, the LAN instead of the WAN), the Next Hop Gateway ﬁeld allows this path to be resolved.
Page 127 Profile Name: Profile Enabled: Data Link Encapsulation... Data Link Options... IP Profile Parameters... COMMIT When you deﬁne a Connection Proﬁle as using ATMP by selecting ATMP as the datalink encapsulation method, and then select Data Link Options, the ATMP Tunnel Options screen appears. ATMP Partner IP Address: Tunnel Via Gateway: Network Name:...
Page 128 You can specify a Network Name. When the tunnel partner is another Netopia router, this name may be used to match against a Connection Proﬁle. When the partner is an Ascend router in Gateway mode, then Network Name is used by the Ascend router to match a gateway proﬁle.
Page 129: Encryption Support
Notes: The Netopia 4541/4542 supports 128-bit (“strong”) encryption when using PPTP tunnels. ATMP does not have an option of using 128-bit MPPE. If you are using ATMP between two Netopia routers you can optionally set 56-bit DES encryption. When you choose MS-CHAP as the authentication method for a PPTP tunnel, the Netopia router will start negotiating MS-CHAPv2.
Page 130: Atmp/Pptp Default Proﬁle
10-16 User’s Reference Guide and transparently. ATMP/PPTP Default Proﬁle The WAN Conﬁguration menu offers a ATMP/PPTP Default Proﬁle option. Use this selection when your router is acting as the server for VPN connections, that is, when you are on the answering end of the tunnel establishment.
Page 131: Vpn Quickview
If you chose MS-CHAP authentication, the Data Compression option is not required, and this menu item becomes hidden. VPN QuickView You can view the status of your VPN connections in the VPN QuickView screen. From the Main Menu select QuickView and then VPN QuickView. Main Menu The VPN QuickView screen appears.
Page 132: Dial-Up Networking For Vpn
Microsoft Windows Dial-Up Networking software permits a remote standalone workstation to establish a VPN tunnel to a PPTP server such as a Netopia Router located at a central site. Dial-Up Networking also allows a mobile user who may not be connected to a PAC to dial into an intermediate ISP and establish a VPN tunnel to, for example, a corporate headquarters, remotely.
Page 133: Creating A New Dial-Up Networking Proﬁle
The Communications window appears. In the Communications window, select Dial-Up Networking and click the OK button. This returns you to the Windows Setup screen. Click the OK button. Respond to the prompts to install Dial-Up Networking from the system disks or CDROM. When prompted, reboot your PC.
Page 134: Conﬁguring A Dial-Up Networking Proﬁle
Windows 98 users select PPP: Windows 98, Windows NT Server, Internet In the Allowed network protocols area check TCP/IP and uncheck all of the other checkboxes. Note: Netopia’s PPTP implementation does not currently support tunnelling of IPX and NetBEUI protocols.
Page 135: Installing The Vpn Client
Click the TCP/IP Settings button. If your ISP uses dynamic IP addressing (DHCP), select the Server assigned IP address radio button. If your ISP uses static IP addressing, select the Specify an IP address radio button and enter your assigned IP address in the ﬁelds provided. Also enter the IP address in the Primary and Secondary DNS ﬁelds.
Page 136: Windows 98 Vpn Installation
10-22 User’s Reference Guide This displays a list of possible selections for the communications option. Active components will have a check in the checkboxes to their left. Check Dial Up Networking at the top of the list and Virtual Private Networking at the bottom of the list. Click OK at the bottom right on each screen until you return to the Control Panel.
Page 137: Connecting Using Dial-Up Networking
Connecting using Dial-Up Networking A Dial-Up Networking connection will be automatically launched whenever you run a TCP/IP application, such as a web browser or email client. When you ﬁrst run the application a Connect To dialog box appears in which you enter your User name and Password.
Page 138: Pptp Example
10-24 User’s Reference Guide PPTP example To enable a ﬁrewall to allow PPTP trafﬁc, you must provision the ﬁrewall to allow inbound and outbound TCP packets speciﬁcally destined for port 1723. The source port may be dynamic, so often it is not useful to apply a compare function upon this portion of the control/negotiation packets.
Page 139 Enabled: Forward: Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: Dest. IP Address: Dest. IP Address Mask: Protocol Type: In the Display/Change Filter Set screen select Display/Change Output Filter. Display/Change Output Filter screen +-#----Source IP Addr----Dest IP Addr------Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Select Output Filter 1 and press Return.
Page 140: Atmp Example
10-26 User’s Reference Guide Select Output Filter 2 and press Return. In the Change Output Filter 2 screen, set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below. Enabled: Forward: Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: Dest. IP Address: Dest.
Page 141 Select Input Filter 1 and press Return. In the Change Input Filter 1 screen, set the Destination Port information as shown below. Enabled: Forward: Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: Dest. IP Address: Dest. IP Address Mask: Protocol Type: Source Port Compare...
Page 142 10-28 User’s Reference Guide In the Display/Change Filter Set screen select Display/Change Output Filter. Display/Change Output Filter screen +-#----Source IP Addr----Dest IP Addr------Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Select Output Filter 1 and press Return. In the Change Output Filter 1 screen, set the Protocol Type and Destination Port information as shown below.
Page 143 Change Output Filter 2 Enabled: Forward: Source IP Address: Source IP Address Mask: Dest. IP Address: Dest. IP Address Mask: Protocol Type: Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 10-29 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0...
Page 144 10-30 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 145: Chapter 11 — Security
In addition to setting up user accounts, Telnet access, and ﬁlters (all of which are covered later in this chapter), there are other actions you can take to make the Netopia 4541/4542 and your network more secure: Change the SNMP community strings (or passwords). The default community strings are universal and could easily be known to a potential intruder.
Page 146 11-2 User’s Reference Guide Once user accounts are created, users who attempt to access protected screens will be challenged. Users who enter an incorrect name or password are returned to a screen requesting a name/password combination to access the Main Menu. To set up user accounts, in the System Conﬁguration screen select Security and press Return.
Page 147: Telnet Access
Return to delete it. To exit the list without deleting the selected account, press Escape. Telnet access Telnet is a TCP/IP service that allows remote terminals to access hosts on an IP network. The Netopia 4541/4542 supports Telnet access to its conﬁguration screens.
Page 148: About Filters And Filter Sets
ﬁlters to control network communications can greatly improve your network’s security. The Netopia 4541/4542’s packet ﬁlters are designed to provide security for the Internet connections made to and from your network. You can customize the router’s ﬁlter sets for a variety of packet ﬁltering applications.
Page 149 Each inspector has a speciﬁc task. One inspector’s task may be to examine the destination address of all outgoing packages. That inspector looks for a certain destination—which could be as speciﬁc as a street address or as broad as an entire country—and checks each package’s destination address to see if it matches that destination.
Page 150: How Individual Filters Work
This rule applies to Telnet packets that come from a host with the IP address 199.211.211.17. If a match occurs, the packet is blocked. Here is what this rule looks like when implemented as a ﬁlter on the Netopia 4541/4542: +-#--Source IP Addr--Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ 199.211.211.17...
Page 151 Parts of a ﬁlter A ﬁlter consists of criteria based on packet attributes. A typical ﬁlter can match a packet on any one of the following attributes: The source IP address (where the packet was sent from) The destination IP address (where the packet is going) The type of higher-layer Internet protocol the packet is carrying, such as TCP or UDP Port numbers A ﬁlter can also match a packet’s port number attributes, but only if the ﬁlter’s protocol type is set to TCP or...
Page 152 11-8 User’s Reference Guide Port number comparisons A ﬁlter can also use a comparison option to evaluate a packet’s source or destination port number. The comparison options are: No Compare: No comparison of the port number speciﬁed in the ﬁlter with the packet’s port number. Not Equal To: For the ﬁlter to match, the packet’s port number cannot equal the port number speciﬁed in the ﬁlter.
Page 153 Putting the parts together When you display a ﬁlter set, its ﬁlters are displayed as rows in a table: +-#---Source IP Addr---Dest IP Addr-----Proto-Src.Port-D.Port--On?-Fwd-+ +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ 192.211.211.17 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The table’s columns correspond to each ﬁlter’s attributes: #: The ﬁlter’s priority in the set. Filter number 1, with the highest priority, is ﬁrst in the table. Source IP Addr: The packet source IP address to match.
Page 154 11-10 User’s Reference Guide Filtering example #1 Returning to our ﬁltering rule example from above (see Start with the rule, then ﬁll in the ﬁlter’s attributes: The rule you want to implement as a ﬁlter is: Block all Telnet attempts that originate from the remote host 199.211.211.17. The host 199.211.211.17 is the source of the Telnet packets you want to block, while the destination address is any IP address.
Page 155: Design Guidelines
This ﬁlter blocks any packets coming from a remote network with the IP network address 200.233.14.0. The 0 at the end of the address signiﬁes any host on the class C IP network 200.233.14.0. If, for example, the ﬁlter is applied to a packet with the source IP address 200.233.14.5, it will block it. In this case, the mask, which does not appear in the table, must be set to 255.255.255.0.
Page 156: Working With Ip Filters And Filter Sets
11-12 User’s Reference Guide An approach to using ﬁlters The ultimate goal of network security is to prevent unauthorized access to the network without compromising authorized access. Using ﬁlter sets is part of reaching that goal. Each ﬁlter set you design will be based on one of the following approaches: That which is not expressly prohibited is permitted.
Page 157 To add a new ﬁlter set, select Add Filter Set in the Filter Sets screen and press Return. The Add Filter Set screen appears. Filter Set Name: ADD FILTER SET Naming a new ﬁlter set All new ﬁlter sets have a default name. The ﬁrst ﬁlter set you add will be called Filter Set 1, the next ﬁlter will be Filter Set 2, and so on.
Page 158 The Netopia Router Packets in the Netopia 4541/4542 pass through an input ﬁlter if they originate in the WAN and through an output ﬁlter if they’re being sent out to the WAN. The process for adding input and output ﬁlters is exactly the same. The main difference between the two involves their reference to source and destination.
Page 159 Filter Set Name: Note: There are two groups of items in this screen, one for input ﬁlters and one for output ﬁlters. In this section, you’ll learn how to add an input ﬁlter to a ﬁlter set. Adding an output ﬁlter works exactly the same way, providing you keep the different source and destination perspectives in mind.
Page 160 11-16 User’s Reference Guide Select Source IP Address Mask and enter a mask for the source IP address. This allows you to further modify the way the ﬁlter will match on the source address. Enter 0.0.0.0 to force the ﬁlter to match on all source IP addresses, or enter 255.255.255.255 to match the source IP address exclusively.
Page 161: Deleting A Filter Set
Select a ﬁlter set from the list and press Return. Select CONTINUE and press Return to delete it. A sample ﬁlter set This section contains the settings for a ﬁlter set called Basic Firewall, which is part of the Netopia 4541/4542’s factory conﬁguration.
Page 162 11-18 User’s Reference Guide Basic Firewall blocks undesirable trafﬁc originating from the WAN (in most cases, the Internet), but forwards all trafﬁc originating from the LAN. It follows the conservative “that which is not expressly permitted is prohibited” approach: unless an incoming packet expressly matches one of the constituent input ﬁlters, it will not be forwarded to the LAN.
Page 163 Output ﬁlter 1: This ﬁlter forwards all outgoing trafﬁc to make sure that no outgoing connections from the LAN are blocked. Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that want to access servers on the WAN, but not for a LAN containing servers providing services to clients on the WAN.
Page 164: Firewall Tutorial
11-20 User’s Reference Guide FTP sessions. To allow WAN-originated FTP sessions to a LAN-based FTP server with the IP address a.b.c.d (corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163.176.8.243), insert the following input ﬁlter ahead of the current input ﬁlter 1: Enabled: Yes Forward: Yes Source IP Address: 0.0.0.0...
Page 165: Basic Ip Packet Components
Basic IP packet components All IP packets contain the same basic header information, as follows: This header information is what the packet ﬁlter uses to make ﬁltering decisions. It is important to note that a packet ﬁlter does not look into the IP data stream (the User Data from above) to make ﬁltering decisions. Basic protocol types TCP: Transmission Control Protocol.
Page 166: Firewall Design Rules
11-22 User’s Reference Guide Firewall design rules There are two basic rules to ﬁrewall design: “What is not explicitly allowed is denied.” “What is not explicitly denied is allowed.” The ﬁrst rule is far more secure, and is the best approach to ﬁrewall design. It is far easier (and more secure) to allow in or out only certain services and deny anything else.
Page 167 Logical AND function When a packet is compared (in most cases) a logical AND function is performed. First the IP addresses and subnet masks are converted to binary and then combined with AND. The rules for the logical use of AND are as follows: 0 AND 0 = 0 0 AND 1 = 0...
Page 168: Filter Basics
In the source or destination IP address ﬁelds, the IP address that is entered must be the network address of the subnet. A host address can be entered, but the applied subnet mask must be 32 bits (255.255.255.255). The Netopia 4541/4542 has the ability to compare source and destination TCP or UDP ports. These options are as follows:...
Page 169: Example Filters
IP Address 200.1.1.28 255.255.255.128 This incoming IP packet has a source IP address that matches the network address in the Source IP Address ﬁeld (00000000) in the Netopia 4541/4542. This will not forward this packet. Incoming Packet Filter Netopia 200.1.1.0 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.128...
Page 170 IP Address 200.1.1.184 255.255.255.240 Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia 4541/4542 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 1011000, this rule does not match and this packet will be forwarded. 200.1.1.0 (Source IP Network Address) 255.255.255.128...
Page 171 IP Address 200.1.1.104 255.255.255.240 Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia 4541/4542 is 01100000, and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000, this rule does match and this packet will not be forwarded. Example 5 Filter Rule: Incoming packet has the source address of 200.1.1.96.
Page 172 11-28 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 173: Chapter 12 — Monitoring Tools
“SNMP” on page 12-9 Quick View status overview You can get a useful, overall status report from the Netopia 4541/4542 in the Quick View screen. To go to the Quick View screen, select Quick View in the Main Menu. The Quick View screen has three status sections:...
Page 174: General Status
Domain Name: The domain name you have assigned, typically the name of your ISP. MAC Address: The Netopia 4541/4542’s hardware address, for those interfaces that support DHCP. IP Address: The Netopia 4541/4542’s IP address, entered in the IP Setup screen.
Page 175: Current Status
More Info: Indicates the NAT address in use for this connection. Status lights This section shows the current real-time status of the Netopia 4541/4542’s status lights (LEDs). It is useful for remotely monitoring the router’s status. The Quick View screen’s arrangement of LEDs corresponds to the physical arrangement of LEDs on the router.
Page 176: Statistics & Logs
You can view two different event histories: one for the router’s system and one for the WAN. The Netopia 4541/4542’s built-in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shutdown or reset.
Page 177 WAN Event History The WAN Event History screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN. The most recent events appear at the top. -Date-----Time-----Event------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 07/03/98 13:59:06 07/03/98 13:59:05 07/03/98 13:59:05 >>WAN: data link activated at 1040 Kbps 07/03/98 13:58:32 --Device restarted----------------------------------------- 07/03/98 12:46:39 --Device restarted----------------------------------------- 07/03/98 11:45:57 --Device restarted-----------------------------------------...
Page 178 12-6 User’s Reference Guide In the Statistics & Logs screen, select Device Event History. The Device Event History screen appears. -Date-----Time-----Event------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 01/22/96 02:03:11 01/22/96 02:03:11 --BOOT: Warm start v4.3 01/22/96 02:02:32 01/22/96 02:02:32 --BOOT: Warm start v4.3 01/22/96 01:59:50 * IP: Route 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 not installed 01/22/96 01:59:50 01/22/96 01:59:50 --BOOT: Cold start v4.3 01/22/96 01:55:07 * IP: Route 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 not installed...
Page 179: Ip Routing Table
IP Routing Table Main Menu The IP routing table displays all of the IP routes currently known to the Netopia 4541/4542. Network Address-Subnet Mask-----via Router------Port------------------Type---- ----------------------------------SCROLL UP----------------------------------- 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.240 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.15 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 224.0.0.0...
Page 180 12-8 User’s Reference Guide Physical I/F-----Rx Bytes---Tx Bytes---Rx Pkts---Tx Pkts----Rx Err----Tx Err Ethernet Hub ATM ADSL 1 Network----------Rx Bytes---Tx Bytes---Rx Pkts---Tx Pkts----Rx Err----Tx Err VC Traffic Statistics... Physical Interface The top left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted for the following data ports: Ethernet Network Interface...
Page 181: System Information
Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) Netopia MIB These MIBs are on the Netopia CustomerCare CD included with the Netopia 4541/4542. Load these MIBs into your SNMP management software in the order they are listed here. Follow the instructions included with your SNMP manager on how to load MIBs.
Page 182: The Snmp Setup Screen
The Read-Only Community String and the Read/Write Community String are like passwords that must be used by an SNMP manager querying or conﬁguring the Netopia 4541/4542. An SNMP manager using the Read-Only Community String can examine statistics and conﬁguration information from the router, but cannot modify the router’s conﬁguration.
Page 183: Snmp Traps
SNMP traps An SNMP trap is an informational message sent from an SNMP agent (in this case, the Netopia 4541/4542) to a manager. When a manager receives a trap, it may log the trap as well as generate an alert message of its own.
Page 184 12-12 User’s Reference Guide Return/Enter to modify an existing Trap Receiver. Navigate from here to view, add, modify and delete IP Trap Receivers. Setting the IP trap receivers Select Add IP Trap Receiver. Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name. Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap.
Page 185: Restarting The System
C C C C h h h h a a a a p p p p t t t t e e e e r r r r 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 U U U U t t t t i i i i l l l l i i i i t t t t i i i i e e e e s s s s a a a a n n n n d d d d D D D D i i i i a a a a g g g g n n n n o o o o s s s s t t t t i i i i c c c c s s s s A number of utilities and tests are available for system diagnostic and control purposes.
Page 186: Ping
(Ping-capable) IP host. Each time the target host receives a Ping packet, it returns a packet to the original sender. Ping allows you to see whether a particular IP destination is reachable from the Netopia 4541/4542. You can also ascertain the quality and reliability of the connection to the desired destination by studying the Ping test’s statistics.
Page 187 Ping packets. Note that the second return Ping packet is considered to be late because it is not received by the Netopia 4541/4542 before the third Ping packet is sent. The ﬁrst and third return Ping packets are on time.
Page 188: Trace Route
The time-to-live (TTL) value for each Ping packet sent by the Netopia 4541/4542 is 255, the maximum allowed. The TTL value deﬁnes the number of IP routers that the packet can traverse. Ping packets that reach their TTL value are dropped, and a “destination unreachable”...
Page 189: Telnet Client
Select Timeout (seconds) to set when the trace will timeout for each hop, up to 10 seconds. The default is 3 seconds. Select Use Reverse DNS to learn the names of the routers between the Netopia Router and the destination router. The default is Yes.
Page 190: Factory Defaults
Return. Factory defaults You can reset the Netopia 4541/4542 to its factory default settings. In the Utilities & Diagnostics screen, select Revert to Factory Defaults and press Return. Select CONTINUE in the dialog box and press Return. The Netopia 4541/4542 will reboot and its settings will return to the factory defaults, deleting your conﬁgurations.
Page 191: Transferring Conﬁguration And Firmware Files With Tftp
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a method of transferring data over an IP network. TFTP is a client-server application, with the router as the client. To use the Netopia 4541/4542 as a TFTP client, a TFTP server must be available. Netopia, Inc., has a public access TFTP server on the Internet where you can obtain the latest ﬁrmware versions.
Page 192: Downloading Conﬁguration Files
Some models do not support all ﬁrmware versions. Loading an incorrect ﬁrmware version can permanently damage the unit. Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia 4541/4542 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged. If you choose to download the ﬁrmware, the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Firmware.
Page 193: Uploading Conﬁguration Files
Using TFTP, you can send a ﬁle containing a snapshot of the router’s current conﬁguration to a TFTP server. The ﬁle can then be downloaded by a different Netopia 4541/4542 unit to conﬁgure its parameters (see “Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles” on page parameters or just for creating conﬁguration backup ﬁles.
Page 194: Updating Firmware
Send Config to Netopia... Receive Config from Netopia... Updating ﬁrmware Firmware updates may be available periodically from Netopia or from a site maintained by your organization’s network administration. Follow these steps to update the Netopia 4541/4542’s ﬁrmware: Make sure you have the ﬁrmware ﬁle on disk and know the path to its location.
Page 195: Downloading Conﬁguration Files
Caution! Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia 4541/4542 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged. Downloading conﬁguration ﬁles The Netopia 4541/4542 can be conﬁgured by downloading a conﬁguration ﬁle. The downloaded ﬁle reconﬁgures all of the Router’s parameters.
Page 196: Restarting The System
You can restart the system by selecting the Restart System item in the Utilities & Diagnostics screen. You must restart the system whenever you reconﬁgure the Netopia 4541/4542 and want the new parameter values to take effect. Under certain circumstances, restarting the system may also clear up system or network malfunctions.
Page 197: Appendix A - Troubleshooting
Note: If you are attempting to modify the IP address or subnet mask from a previous, successful conﬁguration attempt, you will need to clear the IP address or reset your Netopia 4541/4542 to the factory default before reinitiating the conﬁguration process. For further information on resetting your Netopia 4541/4542 to factory default, see “How to reset the router to factory defaults”...
Page 198: Console Connection Problems
Problems communicating with remote IP hosts Verify the accuracy of the default gateway’s IP address (entered in the IP Setup or Easy Setup screen). Use the Netopia 4541/4542’s Ping utility, in the Utilities & Diagnostics screen, and try to Ping local and remote hosts. See “Ping”...
Page 199: How To Reset The Router To Factory Defaults
Keep in mind that all of your connection proﬁles and settings will need to be reconﬁgured. If you don't have a password, the only way to get back into the Netopia 4541/4542 is the following: Turn the router upside down.
Page 200: Technical Support
If you contact us by telephone, please be ready to supply Netopia Technical Support with the information you used to conﬁgure the Netopia 4541/4542. Also, please be at the site of the problem and prepared to reproduce it and to try some troubleshooting steps.
Page 201 Online product information Product information can be found in the following: Netopia World Wide Web server via http://www.netopia.com Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp.netopia.com/pub FAX-Back This service provides technical notes that answer the most commonly asked questions and offers solutions for many common problems encountered with Netopia products.
Page 202 A-6 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 203: Appendix B - Technical Speciﬁcations And Safety Information
Dimensions: 124.0 cm (w) x 20.0 cm (d) x 5.3 cm (h) 9.4” (w) x 7.9” (d) x 2.1” (h) Communications interfaces: The Netopia 4541/4542 ADSL Router has an RJ-48 jack for DSL connections; an RJ-45 10Base-T Ethernet port for your LAN connection; and a DB-9 Console port.
Page 204: Regulatory Notices
B-2 User’s Reference Guide December 1, 2000 Canada – CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 950-95 EMI: FCC Part 15 Class B International Safety Approvals: Low Voltage (European directive) 73/23/EEC EN60950 1992 (Europe) AS/NRZ 3260 (Australia) TS001(Australia) EMI Compatibility: European Directive 89/336/EEC EN 300 368.2-1997 Telco: European Directive 1999/5/EC Regulatory notices...
Page 205 It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to our Company or to one of our authorized agents. Service can be obtained at Netopia, Inc., 2470 Mariner Square Loop, Alameda, California, 94501. Important This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components.
Page 206: Important Safety Instructions
Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm. Battery The Netopia 4541/4542’s lithium battery is designed to last for the life of the product. The battery is not user-serviceable. Caution!
Page 207 Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information B-5 Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Page 208 B-6 User’s Reference Guide...
Page 209: Limited Warranty And Limitation Of Remedies-Revised January 2002
J J J J a a a a n n n n u u u u a a a a r r r r y y y y 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 Netopia warrants to you, the end user, that the Netopia™ Router (the “Product”) will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of two (2) years from date of purchase.

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4542

Netopia 4541 User Reference Manual

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Chapter 2 - Making the Physical Connections

Chapter 3 - Sharing the Connection

Chapter 4 — Connecting to Your Local Area Network

Chapter 5 - Console-Based Management

Chapter 6 - Easy Setup

Chapter 7 — WAN and System Conﬁguration

Chapter 8 - IP Setup

Chapter 9 - Multiple Network Address Translation

Chapter 10 - Virtual Private Networks (Vpns)

Chapter 11 — Security

Chapter 12 — Monitoring Tools

Chapter 13 - Utilities and Diagnostics

Appendix A - Troubleshooting

Appendix B - Technical Specifications and Safety Information

Appendix B - Technical Speciﬁcations and Safety Information

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