Yamaha FZ1-N 2007 Service Manual page 17

Manuals by Motomatrix / www.motomatrix.co.uk / The Solution For Lost Motorcycle Coded Keys
Useful terms
• Wheel speed:
The rotation speed of the front and rear wheels.
• Chassis speed:
The speed of the chassis.
When the brakes are applied, wheel speed and chassis speed are reduced. However, the chassis
travels forward by its inertia even though the wheel speed is reduced.
• Brake force:
The force applied by braking to reduce the wheel speed.
• Wheel lock:
A condition that occurs when the rotation of one or both of the wheels has stopped, but the vehicle
continues to travel.
• Side force:
The force on the tires which supports the vehicle when cornering.
• Slip ratio:
When the brakes are applied, slipping occurs between the tires and the road surface. This causes
a difference between the wheel speed and the chassis speed. Slip ratio is the value that shows the
rate of wheel slippage and is defined by the following formula.
0%: There is no slipping between the wheel and the road surface. The chassis speed is equal to
the wheel speed.
100%: The wheel speed is "0", but the chassis is moving (i.e., wheel lock).
Brake force and vehicle stability
When the brake pressure is increased, wheel speed is reduced. Slipping occurs between the tire
and the road surface and brake force is generated. The limit of this brake force is determined by the
friction force between the tire and the road surface and is closely related to wheel slippage. Wheel
slippage is represented by the slip ratio.
Side force is also closely related to wheel slippage. See figure "A". If the brakes are applied while
keeping the proper slip ratio, it is possible to obtain the maximum brake force without losing much
side force. ABS allows full use of the tires' capabilities even on slippery road surfaces or less slip-
pery road surfaces. See figure "B".
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Chassis speed
– Wheel speed
Slip ratio =
Chassis speed
× 100 (%)
1-8
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