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Summary of Contents for Lincoln Electric Stick Electrode Welding C2.410
- Page 1 STICK ELECTRODE WELDING GUIDE Procedures and Techniques...
- Page 2 Lincoln Electric is a responsive manufacturer, but the selection and use of specific products sold by Lincoln Electric is solely with- in the control of, and remains the sole responsibility of the cus- tomer. Many variables beyond the control of Lincoln Electric affect the results obtained in applying this type of fabrication methods and service requirements.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents Welding Procedures ......4-34 Out-of-Position Welding (Vertical and Overhead) ..... .4-7 High Deposition Welding . -
Page 4: Welding Procedures
WELDING PROCEDURES Out-Of-Position Welding (Vertical and Overhead) When welding out-of-position, the molten metal tends to spill out of the joint. To offset this tendency, an electrode with a fast freezing deposit is needed. Welding made with out-of-position electrodes is slow, relatively expensive and require a high degree of operator skill. - Page 5 Vertical Up Techniques for Fillet and Groove Welds 1. Make first pass root beads with a whipping technique. Whip the electrode tip out of the molten crater and up for a short time to let the crater cool before returning the electrode tip to the crater area to add more weld metal.
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Page 6: Vertical Up Groove Welds
Vertical Up Groove Welds Plate Size – T (in.) No. of Passes Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld .323 1/8" 1/8" Vertical Down Welds Weld thicker plate with vertical up techniques. 3/16"... -
Page 7: Vertical Up Fillet Welds
Vertical Up Fillet Welds No. of Passes Leg Size – L (in.) Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld Overhead Fillet Welds After first bead, the sequence of bead placements starts on vertical plate for each layer. -
Page 8: High Deposition Welding
High-Deposition Welding High deposition applications includes groove, fillet, lap and corner welds in 3/16” and thicker plate welded with the work level or slightly downhill. These joints are capable of holding a large molten pool of weld metal as it freezes. These welds are made with Jetweld electrodes because the high iron powder content in the coating produces high deposit rates to fill joints in the shortest time for economical welding. - Page 9 Slow travel WRONG Slag Fused metal RIGHT Electrode coating touches plate lightly Slag Fused metal Travel fast, but not too fast for good slag coverage. Stay about 1/4” to 3/8” ahead of the molten slag. If travel speed is too slow, a small ball of molten slag may form and roll ahead of the arc causing erratic bead shape, spatter, and poor penetration.
- Page 10 Fillet and Lap Welds – The ideal fillet or lap weld has equal legs and a flat or slightly convex bead. Excess convexity wastes weld metal. A concave bead is susceptible to shrinkage cracks. Flat fillet and lap welds are made with the same general techniques as groove welds.
- Page 11 Lap Welds Use fillet weld procedures for laps on 3/8” and thicker plate. Plate Size – T (in.) Leg Size – L (in.) No. of Passes Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of weld Corner Welds Plate Size –...
- Page 12 Groove Welds Do not use for code quality work This square edge groove joint requires the deep penetration of Fleetweld 5P or 5P+. Plate Size – T (in.) No. of Passes Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft.
- Page 13 Deep Groove Welds Joint A Pass 1 E6011 Root passes - Joints A, B & C - 3/16 Fleetweld 35 (E6011), 175-180 Amps. AC at 6-9 in/min. Plate Size – T (in.) No. of Passes Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Ft.
- Page 14 Flat Fillet Welds Also see Low Hydrogen Procedures. Plate Size – T No. of Passes Leg Size – L (in.) Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld (1) First pass only. On later passes adjust arc speed to obtain proper bead size.
- Page 15 Plate Size – T 14 ga 12 ga 10 ga No. of Passes Leg Size – L (in.) — — — Electrode/ AWSClass (in.) Diameter 3/32 Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. 17.5 17.5 Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .050 .077 .083...
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Page 16: Welding Inclined Plates
Welding Inclined Plate These procedures are used when: 1. The work cannot be positioned in the level position for high speed welding with High Deposition Jetweld electrodes. 2. The weld is made partly in the level position and partly downhill. Fleetweld 47 electrodes have a fairly high iron powder content in the coating, which provides a good deposition rate consistent with downhill welding ability. - Page 17 Downhill Angle (deg.) No. of Passes Leg Size – L (in.) 5/32 Electrode/AWS Class Fleetweld 47 / E7014 (in.) Diameter 5/32 Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .095 .095 .081 .110 .110 .121 .191 .191 .180 .270 .270 .240 (1) Maximum downhill angle for full size welds.
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Page 18: High Speed Welding (Sheet Metal)
High Speed Welding (Sheet Metal) Welding sheet steel (18 through12 gauge) requires electrodes that weld at high travel speeds with minimum skips, misses, slag entrapment, and undercut. Procedures Groove welds ......page 20 Edge Welds . - Page 19 When welding with High Speed electrodes (E6012 and E6013) deposit the entire weld in one pass using non-weave beads or a slight weave. Drag the electrode on the joint and stay ahead of the molten pool. Use enough drag angle so the arc force pushes the weld metal back.
- Page 20 Groove Welds Flat Plate Size Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Position Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed - In./Min. Lbs of Elec./Ft. of Weld Position Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld .023 Edge Welds Plate Size Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Position Current (Amps)
- Page 21 Fillet Welds Flat Also see High Deposition Procedures on page 28 for 14 to 10 gauge fillet welds with Jetweld electrodes. Plate Size Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Position Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed - In./Min. Lbs of Elec./Ft. of Weld Position Current (Amps) Polarity...
- Page 22 Corner Welds Flat Plate Size Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Position Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed - In./Min. Lbs of Elec./Ft. of Weld Position Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld .018 (1) 45 to 75º downhill position is recommended for easy welding and fast speeds.
- Page 23 Burnthrough Spot Welds (Roof Decking to Beam) Roof Deck Roof Beam Flange Roof Deck Thickness 22 ga 20 ga 18 ga 16 ga Electrode/AWS Class Fleetweld 22 /E6022 Diameter (in.) 5/32 5/32 5/32 Position Flat Current (Amps) Polarity DC- DC- &...
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Page 24: Low Hydrogen Welding
Low Hydrogen Welding Low hydrogen electrodes are recommended for three broad areas of application: 1. On low alloy, high carbon, high sulfur, or other steels where cracking is a problem. 2. When specified by governing codes. 3. For lowest costs on vertical, overhead and horizontal groove welds on heavy (over 1/2”) plate. - Page 25 Drag the electrode lightly. Since low hydrogen electrodes rely on the molten slag for shielding, never hold a long arc, whip, leave the crater, or move rapidly in any direction. Failure to follow these techniques may result in porosity and/or reduce mechani- cal properties.
- Page 26 2. For multipass welds, deposit a first pass bead using a slight weave. We emphasize the importance of moving into the corner to assure penetration into the corner. Weld additional layers with a side-to-side weave hesitating at the sides long enough to melt out any small slag pockets and minimize undercut.
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Page 27: Vertical Up Groove Welds
Vertical Up Groove Welds Also see Out-of-Position Procedures, page 4. First Pass 3/16" Fleetweld 5P (E6010), 150 amps DC + , 4-1/2 in./min. Plate Size – T (in.) No. of Passes Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. -
Page 28: Vertical Up Fillet Welds
Vertical Up Fillet Welds No. of Pass Leg Size – L (in.) Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld Overhead Fillet Welds Also see Out-of Position Procedures, page 4. After first bead, the sequence of bead placement starts on vertical plate for each layer. -
Page 29: Horizontal Groove Welds
Horizontal Groove Welds Back gouge first bead as needed Plate Size – T (in.) No. of Passes Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld 1/4" Plate Size – T (in.) No. - Page 30 Horizontal Groove Welds Plate Size – T (in.) No. of Passes Electrode/AWS Class Diameter (in.) Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of Weld Use steel backing (as on page 29). 1" Plate Size – T (in.) No.
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Page 31: Flat Fillet Welds
With E7028 Electrode No. of Passes Leg Size – L (in.) 5/32 3/16 Electrode/AWS Class (in.) Diameter 5/32 3/16 Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. 11-1/2 Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .104 .147 Weld (1) First pass only. On later passes, adjust arc speed to obtain proper bead size. (2) Total for all passes. - Page 32 With E7018 Electrode No. of Passes (in.) Leg Size – L 5/32 3/16 Electrode/AWS Class Jet LH-78MR, Jetweld LH-70, Excalibur 7018, Excaliibur 7018-1 Diameter (in.) 3/16 7/32 7/32 Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. 13.5 Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .109 .132 .195...
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Page 33: Horizontal Fillet Welds
With E7028 Electrode No. of Passes Leg Size – L (in.) 5/32 3/16 Electrode/AWS Class (in.) Diameter 5/32 3/16 Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .112 .157 (1) First pass only. On later passes, adjust arc speed to obtain proper bead size. (2) Total for all passes. - Page 34 With E7018 Electrode No. of Passes Leg Size – L (in.) 5/32 3/16 Electrode/AWS Class Jet LH-78MR, Jetweld LH-70, Excalibur 7018, Excalibur 7018-1 (in.) Diameter 3/16 7/32 Current (Amps) Polarity Arc Speed In./Min. 11.5 Ft. of Weld/Hr. Lbs. of Elec./Ft. of .111 .140 (1) First pass only.
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Page 35: Minimum Preheat And Interpass Temperatures
Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature For stick electrode welding only Based on AWS Specification D1.1 Inches Thru 3/4” 3/4 thru 1-1/2 1-1/2 thru 2-1/2 Over 2-1/2” Definitions T – Thickness of the thickest part at point of welding. Col. 1 – For the following steels when welded with other than low hydrogen electrodes ASTM A36;... -
Page 36: Stick Electrode Selection Guide
Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperature For stick electrode welding only Based on AWS Specification D1.1 Notes (1) Welding shall not be done when ambient temp. is lower than 0ºF. Parts on which metal is being deposited shall be at or above the specified temperature for a distance equal to the thickness of the part being welded, but not less than 3”, in all directions from the point of welding. -
Page 37: Jetweld
“High Deposition” Group Highest deposition rates of all electrodes. Flat, horizontal and slightly downhill (15° maximum) position only. Easy slag removal and smooth, ripple-free beads are flat or slightly convex with minimal spatter. Product Electrode Name Class Polarity Jetweld ® E7024-1 DC±... -
Page 38: Excalibur ® 7018 E7018
Low Hydrogen Group For welding carbon and low alloy steels that require 70,000 psi tensile strength deposits. These low hydrogen electrodes can produce dense, x-ray quality welds with notch toughness properties. The E7018 electrodes have “Fill-Freeze” characteristics and the E7028 electrode has “Fast-Fill” characteristics. Product Electrode Name... -
Page 39: Welding Safety Precautions
Welding & Cutting - ANSI Standard Z49.1” from the American Welding Society, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135 or CSA Standard W117.2-1974. AFree copy of “Arc Welding Safety” booklet E205 is available from the Lincoln Electric Company, 22801 St. Clair Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44117-1199. -
Page 40: Electric Shock Can Kill
ELECTRIC SHOCK 1.a. The electrode and work (or ground) circuits are electrically “hot” when the welder is on. Do not touch these “hot” parts with your bare skin or wet clothing. Wear dry, hole-free gloves to insulate hands. 1.b. Insulate yourself from work and ground using dry insula- tion. - Page 41 FUMES AND GASES dangerous. 3.a. Welding may produce fumes and gases hazardous to health. Avoid breathing these fumes and gases.When welding, keep your head out of the fume. Use enough ventilation and/or exhaust at the arc to keep fumes and gases away from the breathing zone.
- Page 42 CYLINDER 5.a. Use only compressed gas cylinders containing the correct shielding gas for the process used and properly operating reg- ulators designed for the gas and pressure used. All hoses, fit- tings, etc. should be suitable for the application and main- tained in good condition.
- Page 43 FOR ENGINE 7.a Turn the engine off before troubleshooting and maintenance work unless the maintenance work requires it to be running. 7.b. Operate engines in open, well-ventilated areas or vent the engine exhaust fumes outdoors. 7.c.Do not add the fuel near an open flame welding arc or when the engine is running.
- Page 44 LINCOLN ELECTRIC COMPANY Local Sales and Service through Global Subsidiaries and Distributors Cleveland, Ohio 44117-1199 U.S.A. TEL (216) 481-8100 FAX (216) 486-1751 WEB SITE www.lincolnelectric.com Stick C2.410 12/04...