Page 1 TI-86 GRAPHING CALCULATOR GUIDEBOOK TI-GRAPH LINK, Calculator-Based Laboratory, CBL, CBL 2, Calculator-Based Ranger, CBR, Constant Memory, Automatic Power Down, APD, and EOS are trademarks of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Page 2 Important Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an “as-is” basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this equipment.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents TI-86 Quick Start Preparing to Use Your New TI-86 ... 2 Installing the AAA Batteries ... 2 Turning On and Turning Off the TI-86... 2 Adjusting the Contrast ... 2 Resetting All Memory and Defaults... 3 Calculating on the Home Screen... 3 Calculating the Sine of a Number...
Page 4 TI-86 Table of Contents The ALPHA Key... 21 ALPHA-lock and alpha-lock... 22 Common Cursors... 22 Cursor Direction Keys ... 23 Inserting, Deleting, and Clearing Characters... 23 Entering Expressions and Instructions ... 24 Entering an Expression... 24 Using Functions in Expressions ... 25 Using an Instruction ...
Page 5 Converting a Value Expressed as a Rate ...65 Number Bases ...65 Number Base Ranges ...66 One’s and Two’s Complements ...66 The (Number) BASE Menu...66 The BASE Õ-Ú (Hexadecimal Characters) Menu ...67 Entering Hexadecimal Digits...67 The BASE TYPE Menu...67 TI-86 Table of Contents...
Page 6 Pausing or Stopping a Graph in Progress ...85 Modifying a Drawn Graph ...85 Graphing a Family of Curves ...86 Smart Graph ...86 Chapter 6: Graph Tools Graph Tools on the TI-86 ...88 The GRAPH Menu...88 Using the Free-Moving Cursor...89 Graphing Accuracy ...89 Tracing a Graph...90 Stopping and Resuming a Trace ...91...
Page 7 The Free-Moving Cursor ...119 Tracing a Polar Equation ...120 Moving the Trace Cursor to a q Value...121 Using Zoom Operations...121 The GRAPH MATH Menu...122 Evaluating an Equation for a Specified q...122 Drawing on a Polar Graph...122 TI-86 Table of Contents...
Page 8 TI-86 Table of Contents Chapter 9: Parametric Graphing Preview: Parametric Graphing ... 124 Defining a Parametric Graph... 125 Setting Parametric Graphing Mode... 126 The GRAPH Menu... 126 Displaying the Parametric Equation Editor... 126 Selecting and Deselecting a Parametric Equation ... 127 Deleting a Parametric Equation...
Page 9 Chapter 11: Lists Lists on the TI-86 ... 152 The LIST Menu... 152 The LIST NAMES Menu... 153 Creating, Storing, and Displaying Lists... 153 Entering a List Directly in an Expression... 153 Creating a List Name by Storing a List ... 154 Displaying List Elements Stored to a List Name ...
Page 10 The MATRX OPS (Operations) Menu ... 184 The MATRX CPLX (Complex ) Menu... 185 Using Mathematical Functions with Matrices... 185 Chapter 14: Statistics Statistical Analysis on the TI-86... 188 Setting Up a Statistical Analysis... 188 The STAT (Statistics) Menu... 188 Entering Statistical Data... 189 The LIST NAMES Menu...
Page 11 TI-86 Linking Options...234 Linking Two TI-86s ...234 Linking a TI-86 and a TI-85...234 Linking a TI-86 and a CBL 2/CBL or CBR System...234 Linking a TI-86 and a PC or Macintosh ...235 Downloading Programs from the Internet...235 Connecting the TI-86 to Another Device...235 The LINK Menu...236...
Page 12 TI-86 Table of Contents The LINK SND85 (Send Data to TI-85) Menu ... 239 Preparing the Receiving Device... 240 Transmitting Data ... 240 Receiving Transmitted Data ... 241 Repeating Transmission to Several Devices ... 242 Error Conditions ... 242 Insufficient Memory in Receiving Unit... 242 Chapter 19: Applications Using Math Operations with Matrices ...
Page 13: Ti-86 Quick Start
TI-86 Quick Start Preparing to Use Your New TI-86 ... 2 Calculating on the Home Screen... 3 Plotting Functions on the Graph Screen ... 9 TI 86...
Page 14: Preparing To Use Your New Ti-86
Chapter 1 has more details on these topics. Installing the AAA Batteries Four AAA batteries are included in the TI-86 retail package. Remove the batteries from the package and install them in the battery compartment on the back of the calculator. Arrange...
Page 15: Resetting All Memory And Defaults
Before doing an activity, press : to clear the screen (except keystroke combinations, this guidebook places brackets before the entry retrieval and integer-part examples). Otherwise, the screens your TI-86 ( ã and ä ) around the word shows may differ from the screens pictured next to the activities.
Page 16: Using A Variable In An Expression
Quick Start When ALPHA-lock is on and you press a key, the letters printed in blue above the keys are pasted to the screen. In the example, press Z to enter a Using a Variable in an Expression Editing an Expression You need not move the cursor to the end of the line to evaluate the expression.
Page 17: Displaying A Complex Number As A Result
Using a List with a Function Enter the exponential function. Display the open brace ( On the TI-86, list. Enter the list elements. Separate each element from the next with a comma. Select the close brace ( menu to specify the end of the list.
Page 18: Displaying The Integer Part Of Real Numbers In A List
Quick Start Displaying the Integer Part of Real Numbers in a List Removing (Exiting) a Menu Display the menu. (The MATH MATH automatically replaces the LIST menu from the last activity.) Select to display the MATH NUM menu. The MATH menu shifts up.
Page 19: Finding The Square Root
Finding the Square Root Paste the square root function to the screen. Enter a value for which you want to find the square root. Evaluate the expression. The square root of is displayed. Calculating Derivatives Display the CALC menu, and then select der1 Enter an expression ( ) with respect to a...
Page 20: Retrieving, Editing, And Re-Evaluating The Previous Entry
Enter the known measurement. If the measurement is negative, use parentheses. In this example, if you omit parentheses, the TI-86 converts 4¡F to about 15.5¡C, which it then negates (changes the sign of), returning a positive 15.5¡C. ¡F...
Page 21: Storing An Unevaluated Expression To An Equation Variable
The next section shows how to graph the functions Plotting Functions on the Graph Screen The TI-86 plots four types of functions on the graph screen. To plot a graph, you must store an unevaluated expression to a built-in equation variable.
Page 22: Changing The Graph Style Of A Function
Quick Start In the equation editor, you must express each equation in terms of the independent variable graphing Func mode only; Chapter 5). Changing the Graph Style of a Function In the equation editor, the icon to the left of each equation specifies the style in which the graph of that equation appears when you plot it on the graph screen.
Page 23: Plotting A Function On The Graph Screen
Plotting a Function on the Graph Screen Select from the GRAPH GRAPH plot the graph on the graph screen. The x- and y-axes and GRAPH menu are displayed. Then each selected graph is plotted in the order in which it is listed in the equation editor.
Page 24: Evaluating Y For A Specific X Value (During A Trace)
Quick Start Evaluating y for a Specific x Value (During a Trace) Changing a Window Variable Value The window variables values determine the dimensions of the graph screen. Trace the function . As you trace, the displayed value is the solution for 5(cos x) at the current value, which also...
Page 25: Deselecting A Function
Plot the graph on the graph screen. Since you deselected , the TI-86 only plots To select a function in the equation editor, repeat these steps. ( SELCT both selects and deselects functions.)
Page 26: Zooming In On A Portion Of The Graph Screen
Quick Start Zooming In on a Portion of the Graph Screen Select to display the ZOOM GRAPH ZOOM menu. The GRAPH menu shifts up and ZOOM is highlighted. Select from the GRAPH ZOOM to activate the zoom-box cursor. Move the zoom-box cursor to a point that is to be a corner of the redefined graph screen, and then mark the point with a small square.
Page 27: Chapter 1: Operating The Ti-86
Operating the TI-86 Installing or Replacing Batteries ... 16 Turning On and Turning Off the TI-86 ... 17 Adjusting the Display Contrast ... 17 The Home Screen ... 18 Entering Numbers ... 19 Entering Other Characters ... 20 Entering Expressions and Instructions ... 24 Diagnosing an Error ...
Page 28: Installing Or Replacing Batteries
Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 Installing or Replacing Batteries Your new TI-86 includes four AAA alkaline batteries. You must install them before you can turn on the calculator. A lithium backup battery is installed in the calculator already. To express - and 1...
Page 29: Turning On And Turning Off The Ti-86
To turn off the TI-86 manually, press - ž. All settings and memory contents are retained by the Constant Memory APD turns off the TI-86 automatically after about four minutes of non-use to extend battery life. Adjusting the Display Contrast If you release $ or # while Press and release the yellow - key.
Page 30: The Home Screen
The Home Screen When you first turn on your TI-86, the home screen is displayed. Initially, the home screen is a blank screen, except for the entry cursor ( Å ) in the top-left corner. If you do not see the cursor, press -, and then press and hold # or $ to adjust the contrast (page 17).
Page 31: Entering Numbers
T (the subtract key). a and T are two different keys with different uses. Always use parentheses to The order in which the TI-86 evaluates negation and other functions within an expression is clarify negation when you use governed by the Equation Operating Systemè...
Page 32: Using Scientific Or Engineering Notation
When you include scientific- or engineering-notation numbers in an expression, the TI-86 10 exponent is a multiple of 3. does not necessarily display answers in scientific or engineering notation. The mode settings (page 34) and the size of the number determine the notation of displayed answers.
Page 33: The 2Nd Key
To cancel ALPHA-lock, press 1. To switch from ALPHA-lock to alpha-lock, press - n. To set alpha-lock when the entry cursor is displayed, press - n 1. To cancel alpha-lock, press 1 1. Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 - š returns STAT menu STAT 1 ã...
Page 34: Common Cursors
Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 You can use - when ALPHA-lock or alpha-lock is on. Also, if you press a key that has no blue character above it, such as 6, 3, or !, the key’s primary function still applies.
Page 35: Cursor Direction Keys
Deletes a character at the cursor; to continue deleting to the right, hold down 3 Clears the current entry on the home screen; : : clears the entire home screen Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 " moves cursor right - " moves cursor to end of entry...
Page 36: Entering Expressions And Instructions
Entering an Expression An expression is any combination of numbers and variables that serve as arguments for one or more functions. On the TI-86, you typically enter an expression in the same order as you would write it on paper. For example, , and are expressions.
Page 37: Using Functions In Expressions
You cannot use an instruction in an expression. and instructions, including Generally, the first letter of each instruction name is uppercase on the TI-86. Some their required and optional instructions take more than one argument, as indicated by an open parenthesis ( arguments.
Page 38: Entering Consecutive Entries
(page 28). The Busy Indicator When the TI-86 is calculating or graphing, a moving vertical line is displayed as the busy indicator in the top-right corner of the screen. When you pause a graph or a program, the busy indicator is replaced by the pause indicator, a moving vertical dotted line.
Page 39: Diagnosing An Error
To restart graphing, select an instruction that displays the graph. Diagnosing an Error If a syntax error occurs within When the TI-86 detects an error, it returns an error a stored equation during message, such as program execution, select...
Page 40: Reusing Previous Entries And The Last Answer
Retrieving and Editing the Last Entry Retrieving Previous Entries The TI-86 retains as many previous entries as possible in bytes. To scroll from the newest to the older previous entries stored to - ¢. If you press - ¢ after displaying the oldest stored entry, the newest stored entry is displayed again;...
Page 41: Retrieving Multiple Entries
Retrieving the Last Answer When an expression is evaluated successfully on the home screen or in a program, the TI-86 stores the answer to a built-in variable called complex number, list, vector, matrix, or string. When you turn off the TI-86, the value in is retained in memory.
Page 42: Using Ans Preceding A Function
Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 To copy the variable name variable the TI-86 calculates the result using the value stored in Using Ans Preceding a Function Previous answers are stored to requires a preceding argument, the TI-86 automatically enters Storing Results to a Variable to the cursor location, press - ¡.
Page 43: Using Ti-86 Menus
Using TI-86 Menus The symbols for many TI-86 features are found in menus instead of on the TI-86 keyboard. Displaying a Menu The way to display a particular menu depends on the menu’s location on the TI-86. Menu-Displaying Method Press a key that has a menu name on it...
Page 44: The Menu Keys
Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 The Menu Keys - upper menu keys lower menu keys - l clears all menus - e through i selects upper menu items Selecting a Menu Item The Appendix Menu Map When you display a menu, one to five items are displayed.
Page 45: Exiting (Removing) A Menu
...the MATH NUM and the MATH menu MATH menu Lower: MATH NUM MATH Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 menu disappears. MATH MATH NUM Upper: equation editor menu Lower: MATH NUM Press . again, and menu disappears menu moves down. menu disappears.
Page 46: Viewing And Changing Modes
TI-86 displays and interprets numbers and graphs. The of the screen. Constant Memory feature retains current mode settings when the TI-86 is turned off. All numbers, including elements of matrices and lists, are displayed according to the mode settings. Changing a Mode Setting...
Page 47 (binary number base) Interprets numbers as binary (base 2); displays (octal number base) Interprets numbers as octal (base 8); displays (hexadecimal number base) Interprets numbers as hexadecimal (base 16); displays suffix with answers Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 real imaginary ±...
Page 48 Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86 Vector Coordinate Modes Vector modes do not affect RectV how you enter vectors. CylV SphereV Differentiation Modes dxDer1 The value stored to affects dxNDer (Appendix). dxNDer (rectangular vector coordinates) Displays answers in the form ã...
Page 49: The Catalog, Variables, And Characters
The CATALOG, Variables, and Characters The CATALOG ... 38 Storing Data to Variables... 39 Classifying Variables as Data Types... 42 The CUSTOM Menu ... 44 The CHAR (Character) Menu... 45 TI 86...
Page 50: The Catalog
The menu items With them, you can create and edit your own variables, including program names. For details about the - w & displays all TI-86 functions and instructions in alphabetical order. Items that CATALOG CATALOG are on the CUSTM...
Page 51: Storing Data To Variables
Storing Data to Variables On the TI-86, data can be stored to variables in several ways. You can: Use X to store a value to a variable. This chapter describes the first two data storage methods listed here. The Use an editor’s other methods are described in the appropriate chapters.
Page 52: Storing A Value To A Variable Name
Chapter 2: The CATALOG , Variables, and Characters Storing a Value to a Variable Name Storing an Unevaluated Expression When you store an expression to memory using X (with the ¶ sign), the expression is evaluated and the result is stored to a variable. When you store an unevaluated expression using 1 ã...
Page 53: Storing An Answer
Storing an Answer To store an answer to a variable before you evaluate another expression, use X and In the example, the TI-86 Enter and evaluate an expression. multiplies the value stored to AREA times To paste to the cursor...
Page 54: Recalling A Variable Value
Classifying Variables as Data Types When you store data in an The TI-86 classifies variables according to data type and places each variable on a data-type editor, the TI-86 recognizes selection screen. You can display each screen by selecting the appropriate data type from...
Page 55: The Catlg-Vars (Catalog-Variables) Menu
The CATLG-VARS (CATALOG-Variables) Menu To display additional menu CATLG groups, press / . CATLG REAL CPLX The list names fStat xStat LIST are statistical result yStat VECTR variables on the VARS STAT screen. MATRX STRNG CONS PRGM STAT WIND Chapter 2: The CATALOG , Variables, and Characters REAL CPLX LIST...
Page 56: Selecting A Variable Name
Chapter 2: The CATALOG , Variables, and Characters Selecting a Variable Name The example assumes that the real-number variables AREA from the example on page 41 have not been deleted from memory. The CUSTOM Menu You can select up to 15 items from the instructions, and other items -- to create your own menu, press 9.
Page 57: Clearing Custom Menu Items
Clear the menu item. To clear more items, repeat steps 2 and 3. Deleting a Variable from Memory You cannot delete a TI-86 From the home screen or in a program, to delete from memory one user-created variable built-in variable.
Page 58: The Char Misc (Miscellaneous) Menu
( - ~ ) is not valid letter. as a character; is a constant on the TI-86. The CHAR INTL (International) Menu MISC You can combine modifiers on the create vowels used in some languages. You can use these vowels in variable names and text.
Page 59: Math, Calculus, And Test Operations
Math, Calculus, and Test Operations Keyboard Mathematical Functions ... 48 The MATH Menu... 49 The CALC (Calculus) Menu ... 54 The TEST (Relational) Menu... 55 TI 86...
Page 60: Keyboard Mathematical Functions
If you use two lists, vectors, or matrices in the same expression, they must be equal in dimension. The most common mathematical functions are on the TI-86 keyboard. For syntax, details, and examples of these functions, refer to the A to Z Reference.
Page 61: The Math Menu
The MATH Menu number menu The MATH NUM (Number) Menu round value can sometimes be an round( expression, list, vector, or iPart matrix. For details about fPart specific syntax options and examples, refer to the A to Z value Reference. value sign value...
Page 62: The Math Prob (Probability) Menu
Chapter 3: Math, Calculus, and Test Operations The MATH PROB (Probability) Menu ! (factorial) is valid for non- value integers. items items rand , and randInt randNorm randInt( ã are abbreviated in randBin #ofTrialsä menu. MATH PROB randNorm( stdDeviation ã #ofTrialsä...
Page 63: The Math Angle Menu
The MATH ANGLE Menu angle can be a list for ¡ angle 4DMS angle In a calculation, the result of degrees a degrees minutes seconds angle entry is treated as degrees in angle mode only. It is Degree treated as radians in Radian angle mode.
Page 64: The Math Misc (Miscellaneous) Menu
Chapter 3: Math, Calculus, and Test Operations The MATH MISC (Miscellaneous) Menu value can sometimes be an expression, list, vector, or prod matrix. For details about seq( specific syntax options, refer to the A to Z Reference. begin lcm( gcd( value value percent...
Page 65: The Interpolateàextrapolate Editor
The InterpolateàExtrapolate Editor Using the interpolateàextrapolate editor, you can interpolate or extrapolate a value linearly, given two known pairs and the x-value or y-value of the unknown pair. To interpolate y from the Display the interpolateàextrapolate editor. home screen, select inter( from the , and then...
Page 66: The Calc (Calculus) Menu
Chapter 3: Math, Calculus, and Test Operations The CALC (Calculus) Menu You must set mode to evalF use the calculus functions. The calculus functions return values with respect to any user-created variable, to built-in variables evalF( , and evalF nDer der1 nDer( , variable can be a real...
Page 67: The Test (Relational) Menu
The built-in variable mode only) and fMax( calculations. As example, The function integral error value is stored to the variable arc( evalF( You can approximate the fourth derivative at the current value of x with this formula: nDer(nDer(der2(x^4,x),x),x) The TEST (Relational) Menu Relational functions are valid valueA for two lists of the same...
Page 68: Using Tests In Expressions And Instructions
Chapter 3: Math, Calculus, and Test Operations valueA valueA Using Tests in Expressions and Instructions You can use relational The TI-86 Evaluation Operating System (Appendix) performs all operations except Boolean functions to control program operators before it performs relational functions. For example: flow (Chapter 16). ‚...
Page 69: Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, And Complex Numbers
Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers Using Built-In and User-Created Constants ... 58 Converting Units of Measure ... 61 Number Bases... 65 Using Complex Numbers ... 70 TI 86...
Page 70: Using Built-In And User-Created Constants
A constant is a variable with a specific value stored to it. The common constants built into the TI-86. You cannot edit the value of a built-in constant. You can create your own constants and add them to the user-created constant menu for easy access.
Page 71 Built-In Constant , press - ~ or To use select it from the CATALOG , press - ‚ . To use , press - n ãEä . To use Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers Constant Name Avogadro's number Boltzman's constant Coulomb constant Electron charge...
Page 72: Creating Or Redefining A User-Created Constant
Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers Creating or Redefining a User-Created Constant menu items are CONS USER the names of all stored user- created constants, arranged alphanumerically. 196.9665 is the atomic weight of gold (Au). You can enter a value later. If you select when the PREV...
Page 73: Entering A Constant Name In An Expression
Converting Units of Measure You can enter a conversion With the TI-86, you can convert a value measured in one unit into its equivalent value in expression anywhere that an another unit of measure. For example, you can convert inches to yards, quarts to liters, or expression is valid.
Page 74: The Conv (Conversions) Menu
TEMP volume temperature menu menu area menu time menu . Otherwise, the TI-86 order of evaluation will perform the (L4) ...The TI-86 converts it to... 24.8 degrees Fahrenheit ( 4¡ Celsius converted to degrees Fahrenheit) L39.2 degrees Fahrenheit (4¡ Celsius converted to degrees Fahrenheit, then negated) &...
Page 75: The Conv Lngth (Length) Menu
Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers The CONV LNGTH (Length) Menu millimeters centimeters meters mile inches nmile feet lt-yr - ’ ' The CONV AREA Menu square feet square meters acre square miles The CONV VOL (Volume) Menu liter liters gallons...
Page 76: The Conv Mass Menu
Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers The CONV MASS Menu The CONV FORCE Menu dyne The CONV PRESS (Pressure) Menu Nàm The CONV ENRGY (Energy) Menu The CONV POWER Menu The CONV SPEED Menu ftàs màs - ’ / & grams kilograms slug...
Page 77: Converting A Value Expressed As A Rate
You also can return this result using only a forward slash, as in: Number Bases The number base mode setting (Chapter 1) controls how the TI-86 interprets an entered number and displays results on the home screen. However, you can enter numbers in any number base using number base designators Ü, Ý, Þ, and ß.
Page 78: Number Base Ranges
Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers Number Base Ranges Binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers on the TI-86 are defined in these ranges. Hexadecimal One’s and Two’s Complements To obtain the one's complement of a binary number, enter the the number.
Page 79: The Base Õ-Ú (Hexadecimal Characters) Menu
The BASE Õ-Ú (Hexadecimal Characters) Menu BASE Õ-Ú menu items and menu items are BASE TYPE This is the not the same as regular Õ alphabetical characters. Ö When an editor menu is the upper menu, are combined in one cell. If you press & or / ... Ö...
Page 80: The Base Conv (Conversion) Menu
Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers The BASE CONV (Conversion) Menu Õ-Ú 4Bin value can be an expression, value list, vector, or matrix. For value detailed syntax descriptions, refer to the A to Z Reference. Converting Number Bases The BASE BOOL (Boolean) Menu Õ-Ú...
Page 81: Results Of Boolean Operations
Results of Boolean Operations Both the argument and the When a Boolean expression is evaluated, the arguments are converted to hexadecimal result must be within defined integers and the corresponding bits of the arguments are compared, as this table shows. number ranges (page 66).
Page 82: Using Complex Numbers
Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers Using Complex Numbers A complex number has two components: real (a) and imaginary (+bi). On the TI-86, you Variable names with complex enter the complex number a+bi as: numbers stored to them are...
Page 83: Using A Complex Number In An Expression
For example, when (1.32565429614±12.7643896828) Using a Complex Number in an Expression The CPLX (Complex Number) Menu conj You can enter the name or a complex list, vector, or matrix conj ( as an argument for any CPLX menu item. conj ( real ( real ( imag (...
Page 84 In polar form, to use lists of complex numbers with syntax is: real{( When you use a list the TI-86 calculates the result element by element and returns a list, in which each element is expressed according to the complex mode setting. real...
Page 85: Chapter 5: Function Graphing
Defining a Graph... 74 Setting the Graph Mode ... 74 The GRAPH Menu ... 75 Using the Equation Editor ... 76 Setting the Window Variables ... 81 Setting the Graph Format ... 83 Displaying a Graph ... 85 TI 86...
Page 86: Defining A Graph
Defining a Graph This chapter describes the process for graphing functions in process is similar for each TI-86 graphing mode. Chapters 8, 9, and 10 describe the unique aspects of polar, parametric, and differential equation graphing modes. Chapter 6 describes various graphing tools, many of which you can use in all graphing modes.
Page 87: The Graph Menu
Each graphing mode has a unique equation editor. You must select the graphing mode and number base mode before you enter the functions. The TI-86 retains in memory all equations stored to the unique graph format settings and window variables.
Page 88: Using The Equation Editor
If a function is selected, its equals sign (=) is highlighted in the equation editor. If the function is deselected, its equals sign is not highlighted. Only selected functions are plotted when the TI-86 plots a graph. The Equation Editor (GRAPH y(x)=) Menu y(x)= Displays the graph format screen;...
Page 89: Defining A Function In The Equation Editor
INSf DELf SELCT ALL+ ALLN STYLE Defining a Function in the Equation Editor To move from the first Display the equation editor. equation editor function to the last, press $. If functions are stored in the equation editor, move the cursor down until a blank function is To move to the beginning or displayed.
Page 90: Notes About Defining Function Equations
Chapter 5: Function Graphing Notes about Defining Function Equations You can edit expressions you inserted using You can include functions, variables, constants, matrices, matrix elements, vectors, vector elements, lists, list elements, complex values, or other equations in the equation. If you include matrices, vectors, or complex values, the equation must evaluate to a real number at each point.
Page 91: Selecting Graph Styles
Selecting Graph Styles The TI-86 graphs all selected Depending on which graphing mode is set, the TI-86 offers up to seven distinct graph styles. functions on the same graph You can assign these styles to specific functions to visually differentiate each from the others.
Page 92: Setting The Graph Style In The Equation Editor
(page 82). Using Shading Patterns to Differentiate Functions When you select ¾ (shade above) or ¿ (shade below) for more than one function, the TI-86 rotates through a series of four shading patterns. If you assign ¾ or ¿ to a...
Page 93: Viewing And Changing Onàoff Status Of Stat Plots
Small values improve xRes xRes graph resolution but may cause the TI-86 to plot graphs more slowly . on the top line of the equation editor displays the onàoff status of each stat , or Plot1 Plot2...
Page 94: Displaying The Window Editor
Chapter 5: Function Graphing Displaying the Window Editor To display the window editor, select menu (6 '). Each graphing mode has a unique window editor. The window editor to the right shows the default values in xRes=1 Changing a Window Variable Value <...
Page 95: Setting Graphing Accuracy With @ X And @ Y
, and , and the new values are stored. xMin yMin menu (6 / (). The graph format settings Chapter 5: Function Graphing using these formulas: yMax )à62 yMin yMax , the TI-86 automatically recalculates from the FORMT xMax...
Page 96 Chapter 5: Function Graphing graphing mode has a DifEq RectGC unique set of graph format settings (Chapter 10). PolarGC CoordOn CoordOff DrawLine DrawDot SeqG SimulG Grid points cover the graph GridOff screen in rows that GridOn correspond to the tick marks on each axis.
Page 97: Displaying A Graph
Free-moving cursor and coordinate values but not the menus Cursor and coordinate values but not the menus GRAPH menu. The graph GRAPH format, the TI-86 draws each selected function one by one, in function-name SeqG is graphed first, format, the TI-86 draws all selected graphs simultaneously. SimulG Chapter 5: Function Graphing is graphed second, and so on).
Page 98: Graphing A Family Of Curves
Chapter 5: Function Graphing Graphing a Family of Curves If you enter a list as an element in an equation, the TI-86 plots the function for each value in the list, graphing a family of curves. In sequentially for the first element in each list, then for the second element, and so on.
Page 99: Chapter 6: Graph Tools
Graph Tools Graph Tools on the TI-86... 88 Tracing a Graph ... 90 Resizing the Graph Screen with ZOOM Operations ... 91 Using Interactive Math Functions ... 95 Evaluating a Function for a Specified x... 101 Drawing on a Graph ... 101...
Page 100: Graph Tools On The Ti-86
Chapter 6: Graph Tools Graph Tools on the TI-86 Chapter 5 describes how to use the define and display the graph of a function in to use the other graph and trace specific functions, perform mathematical analyses, draw on graphs, and store and recall graphs and drawings.
Page 101: Using The Free-Moving Cursor
Using the Free-Moving Cursor In the example, the function When you select is graphed. y(x)=x^3+.3x screen is displayed with the free-moving cursor at the center of the screen. The cursor appears as a plus sign with a flashing center pixel. To move the cursor, press ", #, !, or $; it moves in the direction of the cursor key you press.
Page 102: Tracing A Graph
Panning: To view function coordinates to the left or right of the current graph screen, press and hold ! or " while tracing. When you pan beyond the left or right side of the screen during a trace, the TI-86 automatically changes the values of format is selected, the cursor coordinates are .
Page 103: Stopping And Resuming A Trace
(Chapter 5), the trace cursor is at the point where you stopped tracing. Resizing the Graph Screen with ZOOM Operations The standard TI-86 graph screen displays the portion of the xy plane defined by the values To view the current window stored to the window variables.
Page 104 Chapter 6: Graph Tools To cancel the effect of any menu item and return ZOOM to the default window variable values, select ZSTD ZOUT ZSTD ZPREV ZFIT If you graph a circle but it ZSQR appears elliptical, you can to reset the ZSQR window variable values so ZTRIG...
Page 105: Defining A Custom Zoom In
When you replot the graph, When you have defined the box, replot all the TI-86 updates the window selected functions in the new graph screen. variable values. Clear the menus from the screen.
Page 106 Move the zoom cursor to the intended new center point of the graph screen. Zoom in. The TI-86 adjusts the graph screen by xFact yFact , updates window variable values, and replots the selected functions centered on the cursor location.
Page 107: Storing And Recalling Zoom Window Variable Values
To perform the When a guess, the accuracy of the values you specify will affect the length of time the TI-86 spends calculating the answer; the better the guess, the shorter the calculation time. The GRAPH MATH Menu...
Page 108: Settings That Affect Graph Math Operations
Chapter 6: Graph Tools ROOT menu GRAPH MATH differs slightly for dyàdx graphing modes Param ‰f(x) (Chapters 8 and 9). FMIN DifEq graphing mode has no menu. GRAPH MATH FMAX INFLC YICPT ISECT DIST TANLN Settings That Affect GRAPH MATH Operations Finds the root of a function using a specified left bound, right bound, and guess Finds a numeric derivative (slope) of a function at the trace cursor location Finds a function’s numerical integral using a specified left bounds and right bound...
Page 109: Using Root, Fmin, Fmax, Or Inflc
Using ROOT, FMIN, FMAX, or INFLC The steps for In the example, the function is selected. y(x)=x^3+.3x Step 2 is not necessary here because only one function is selected. When you enter a value directly for the left bound, right bound, or guess, an prompt is displayed on the bottom of the graph screen.
Page 110: Using ‰F(X), Dist, Or Arc
Chapter 6: Graph Tools Using ‰f(x), DIST, or ARC The steps for using In the example, the function is selected. y(x)=x^3+.3x Steps 2 and 4 are not necessary here because only one function is selected. , when you are DIST specifying the right bound, a line is drawn from the left bound to the right bound.
Page 111: Using Dyàdx Or Tanln
Using dyàdx or TANLN The steps for using In the example, the function Select is selected. y(x)=x^3+.3x The current graph is displayed. Move the cursor to the function with the point for which you want to find the derivative, or slope. TANLN GRAPH MATH menu)
Page 112: Using Isect
Chapter 6: Graph Tools Using ISECT In the example, the functions y(x)=x^3+.3x y(x)=x +3xN3 are selected. Using YICPT To use # and $ to select a function, and then press b. The result cursor is displayed at the y-intercept, the cursor coordinate values are displayed, and Select from the ISECT...
Page 113: Evaluating A Function For A Specified X
Evaluating a Function for a Specified x To clear entered numbers Select from the prompt, Eval x= graph is displayed with the press : . the bottom-left corner. To cancel , press EVAL Enter a real : after clearing the variables prompt.
Page 114: Before Drawing On A Graph
Chapter 6: Graph Tools Before Drawing on a Graph All drawings are temporary; they are not stored in a graph database. Any action that causes Smart Graph to replot the graph erases all drawings. Therefore, before you use any drawing tool, consider whether you want to perform any of these graphing activities first.
Page 115: Clearing Drawn Pictures
Clearing Drawn Pictures To clear drawn pictures while the graph is displayed, select menu. The graph is replotted and displayed with no drawn elements. To clear drawn pictures from the home screen, select pasted to the cursor location. Press b. again, no drawings are displayed.
Page 116: Shading Areas Of A Graph
Chapter 6: Graph Tools Shading Areas of a Graph To shade an area of a graph, the syntax is: Shade( pattern specifies one of four shading patterns. To replicate the example without additional graphs, turn off all equations and stat plots before entering the instructions as shown.
Page 117: Drawing A Line Segment
HORIZ CIRCL PTON PTOFF PTCHG CLDRW TEXT Drawing a Line Segment Select In the example, the functions y(x)=x^3+.3x2N4x graph is displayed. are selected. y(x)=x2+3xN3 Define one segment endpoint with the cursor. Define the other endpoint of the segment. As you move the cursor, a line anchored at the first defined endpoint extends to the cursor.
Page 118: Drawing A Vertical Or Horizontal Line
Chapter 6: Graph Tools Drawing a Vertical or Horizontal Line In the example, the function is selected. y(x)=x^3+.3x Also, was executed once with the zoom cursor at (0,0), , and xFact=2 yFact=2 To draw more lines, repeat steps 2 and 3; to cancel Drawing a Circle In the example, the function is selected.
Page 119: Drawing A Function, Tangent Line, Or Inverse Function
Drawing a Function, Tangent Line, or Inverse Function , and DrawF TanLn DrawF , you can use as DrInv from the expression any variable to execution, the drawing is returned. which a valid expression is values on the y-axis and its stored (including deselected equation variables).
Page 120: Placing Text On A Graph
Chapter 6: Graph Tools Placing Text on a Graph This example adds to the example drawing. Before you start, you may want to store the arrows to a picture variable (page 102). To erase a character when using , move the TEXT TEXT cursor above it and then...
Page 121: Chapter 7: Tables
Tables Displaying the Table ... 110 Setting Up the Table ... 113 Clearing the Table... 114 TI 86...
Page 122: Displaying The Table
Chapter 7: Tables Displaying the Table The table displays the independent values and corresponding dependent values for up to 99 To display the equation editor, press 6 & selected functions in the equation editor. Each dependent variable in the table represents a (Chapter 5).
Page 123: Independent And Dependent Variables In The Table
Independent and Dependent Variables in the Table Graphing Mode mode, if an equation DifEq Func has an initial conditions list, (polar) the table uses the first list element to evaluate the Param equation (Chapter 10). DifEq Navigating the Table To... Display more dependent variables in the table Display greater values in any column TblStart...
Page 124: The Table Menus
Chapter 7: Tables The Table Menus The table has a unique menu for each graphing mode, as shown below. In Function Graphing Mode TBLST SELCT In Polar Graphing Mode TBLST SELCT TBLST SELCT 7 & Displays the table setup editor On the edit line, deselects or cancels deselection of the equation On the edit line, pastes the variable to the cursor location;...
Page 125: Setting Up The Table
Setting Up the Table To display the table using the To display the table setup editor, select current table setup settings, TABLE select from the TABLE table setup settings. menu. TABLE TblStart ) in the table (only when @Tbl must be TblStart @Tbl real numbers;...
Page 126: Viewing And Editing Dependent Variable Equations
Chapter 7: Tables Viewing and Editing Dependent Variable Equations In the example, y1=x +3x-4 are selected y2=sin (3x) and all defaults set. When you display the equation in the edit line, the column equation name is highlighted. Clearing the Table To clear the table when When you use in a...
Page 127: Chapter 8: Polar Graphing
Polar Graphing Preview: Polar Graphing ... 116 Defining a Polar Graph ... 117 Using Graph Tools in Pol Graphing Mode... 119 TI 86...
Page 128: Preview: Polar Graphing
Chapter 8: Polar Graphing Preview: Polar Graphing The graph of the polar equation A sin (Bq) forms the shape of a flower. Graph the flower for A=8 and B=2.5. Then explore the appearance of the flower for other values of A and B. To remove the GRAPH menu...
Page 129: Defining A Polar Graph
To display the mode screen, press - m. To graph polar equations, you must select graphing mode before you enter equations, set the format, or edit window variable values. The TI-86 retains separate equation, format, and window data for each graphing mode. The GRAPH Menu...
Page 130: Displaying The Polar Equation Editor
Chapter 8: Polar Graphing Displaying the Polar Equation Editor To display the polar equation editor, select (6 &). The polar equation editor menu displayed on the bottom line is the same as the Func In this editor, you can enter and display up to 99 polar equations, Equations are defined in terms of the independent variable The default graph style is »...
Page 131: Setting The Graph Format
Using Graph Tools in Pol Graphing Mode The Free-Moving Cursor The free-moving cursor in selected, selected, graphing mode, select , and graphing modes, the TI-86 retains in memory separate Func Param graphing mode, , the variables that define the equations. , or operation, from the...
Page 132: Tracing A Polar Equation
Chapter 8: Polar Graphing Tracing a Polar Equation To begin a trace, select appears on the first selected equation at format is selected, selected, To move the trace cursor... Along the graph of the equation by increments or decrements of From one equation to another If you move the trace cursor beyond the top or bottom of the graph screen, the coordinate QuickZoom is available in...
Page 133: Moving The Trace Cursor To A Q Value
Moving the Trace Cursor to a q Value To move the trace cursor to any valid When you enter the first digit, a you enter must be valid for the current graph screen. When you have completed the entry, press b to reactivate the trace cursor. In the example, r1=8sin(2.5q) is graphed.
Page 134: The Graph Math Menu
Chapter 8: Polar Graphing The GRAPH MATH Menu MATH DIST The other GRAPH MATH dràdq menu items are the same as The distances calculated by described in Chapter 6. dyàdx At a point where the derivative is undefined, displayed or stored in Evaluating an Equation for a Specified q When the trace cursor is not active, the equations directly on the graph for a given value of...
Page 135: Chapter 9: Parametric Graphing
Parametric Graphing Preview: Parametric Graphing ... 124 Defining a Parametric Graph ... 125 Using Graph Tools in Param Graphing Mode ... 128 TI 86...
Page 136: Preview: Parametric Graphing
Chapter 9: Parametric Graphing Preview: Parametric Graphing Graph the parametric equation that describes the path of a ball kicked at an initial speed of 30 meters per second, at an initial angle of 25 degrees with the horizontal (from ground level).
Page 137: Defining A Parametric Graph
Enter these window variable values. tMin=0 tMax=5 tStep=.1 so the path of the ball and the vectors will be plotted simultaneously on a clear graph screen. To simulate the ball in flight, Plot the graph. The plotting action change the graph style of simultaneously shows the ball in flight and to Á...
Page 138: Setting Parametric Graphing Mode
Setting Parametric Graphing Mode To display the mode screen, press - m. To graph parametric equations, you must select variable values. The TI-86 retains in memory separate equation, format, and window data for each graphing mode. The GRAPH Menu Chapter 5 describes these...
Page 139: Selecting And Deselecting A Parametric Equation
Selecting and Deselecting a Parametric Equation When a parametric equation is selected, the equals signs ( To change the selection status of a parametric equation, move the cursor onto either , and then select Deleting a Parametric Equation To delete a parametric equation using select To delete a parametric equation using the Setting the Graph Screen Window Variables...
Page 140: Setting The Graph Format
Chapter 9: Parametric Graphing Setting the Graph Format To display the format screen in graph format DrawLine (6 / (). Chapter 5 describes the format settings. The TI-86 retains in memory typically displays a more separate format settings for meaningful parametric graph than...
Page 141: Moving The Trace Cursor To A T Value
selected, To move the trace cursor... Along the graph of the equation by increments or decrements of From one equation to another QuickZoom is available in If you move the trace cursor beyond the top or bottom of the graph screen, the coordinate graphing;...
Page 142: The Graph Math Menu
Chapter 9: Parametric Graphing window variables ( The GRAPH MATH Menu MATH DIST The other GRAPH MATH dyàdx menu items are the same as dyàdt described in Chapter 5. dxàdt The distances calculated by At a point where the derivative is undefined, displayed or stored in Evaluating an Equation for a Specified t When the trace cursor is not active, the...
Page 143: Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing
Differential Equation Graphing Defining a Differential Equation Graph... 132 Entering and Solving Differential Equations ... 139 Using Graph Tools in DifEq Graphing Mode ... 144 TI 86...
Page 144: Defining A Differential Equation Graph
To display the mode screen, press - m. To graph differential equations, you must select variable values. The TI-86 retains in memory separate format, equation, and window data for each graphing mode. graphing mode differs from other graphing modes in these ways.
Page 145: The Graph Menu
To display the format screen in select are available only in SeqG SimulG DifEq All other format settings are the same as described in Chapter 5. The TI-86 retains independent format settings Solution Method Format for each graphing mode. Euler WIND...
Page 146: Displaying The Differential Equation Editor
Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing Field Format SlpFld DirFld FldOff The examples below show the basic slope and direction fields; all unspecified settings and values are defaults. To replicate these examples, reset defaults, enter the specified information in Axes information is stored to variables.
Page 147: Setting The Graph Screen Window Variables
Q'2=Q1 list in a equation. DifEq When the TI-86 calculates a differential equation system, it references all equations in the equation editor, regardless of selection status, starting at variables consecutively, starting at attempt to solve an equation defined in The TI-86 allows you to analyze each equation independently. For example, you can enter and analyze each equation independently.
Page 148: Setting The Initial Conditions
The TI-86 SlpFld DirFld returns the appropriate field with no specific solutions. format is set, you must specify initial conditions.
Page 149: Setting The Axes
If you do not specify initial conditions for the equations assigned to the axes, the TI-86 simply draws the field and stops. This gives you access to both the field format options and the interactive initial conditions simultaneously.
Page 150: The Built-In Variable Fldpic
Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing The Built-In Variable fldPic As the TI-86 plots a field, it stores the field and any displayed label, axes, or cursor Stat plot and screen drawings are not stored to fldPic coordinate information to the built-in variable...
Page 151: Entering And Solving Differential Equations
SlpFld , substituting for x. Clear any other Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing is the equation variable. To avoid equations on the TI-86, is the independent graphing mode. Therefore, when you enter DifEq , you would substitute in the equation editor.
Page 152: Transforming An Equation Into A First-Order System
Transforming an Equation into a First-Order System On the TI-86, to enter a second-order or higher (up to ninth-order) differential equation, you must transform it to a system of first-order differential equations. For example, to enter the second-order differential equation y''= differential equations, as shown in the chart below.
Page 153: Graphing In Dirfld Format
Graphing in DirFld Format Display the mode screen and set graphing mode. graphing mode, DifEq Display the format screen and set the independent variable and graphing format. n is the dependent variable, where n ‚ 1 and 9. Display the equation editor and store the transformed system of differential In the example, the default equations for y''=...
Page 154: Graphing A System Of Equations In Fldoff Format
Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing Graphing a System of Equations in FldOff Format For this example, you must transform the fourth-order differential equation equivalent system of first-order differential equations, as shown in the chart below. Differentiate... =y'' =y''' Display the mode screen and set graphing mode.
Page 155 Display the window editor and set the window variable values. Display the initial conditions editor and enter the initial conditions. A small square indicates that an initial condition is required. When field format is FldOff Display the axes editor. Enter the equation selected, are the variables for which you want to solve.
Page 156: Solving A Differential Equation For A Specified Value
CHAR MISC value or expression. The syntax is: CATALOG Due to TI-86 system requirements, you must express Q1(3) Q'1(3) the calculator. Using Graph Tools in DifEq Graphing Mode...
Page 157: Moving The Trace Cursor To A T Value
Moving the Trace Cursor to a t Value To move the trace cursor to any valid When you enter the first digit, a you enter must be valid for the current graph screen. When you have completed the entry, press b to reactivate the trace cursor. Values for displayed on the graph to the right because...
Page 158 Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing does not store values DrEqu( xList, yList, and tList are optional list names to which you can store the solutions , or . You then can display the lists on the home screen or in the list editor (Chapter 11). Use the free-moving cursor to select initial conditions.
Page 159: Using Zoom Operations
In the example, since no Display the graph screen and plot the initial conditions were set, the direction field. equation in is not plotted. Move the free-moving cursor to the initial condition coordinates you want. Draw the solution. The solution lists for ALPHA-lock is on for ã...
Page 160: Drawing Solutions Interactively With Explr
Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing Drawing Solutions Interactively with EXPLR Display the mode screen and set DifEq graphing mode. Display the format screen and set FldOff field format. Display the equation editor and store the equation Q'1=.001Q1(100NQ1) . (Delete all other equations.) Set the axes to y=Q1...
Page 161 Select from the menu. EXPLR GRAPH Move the free-moving cursor to the initial condition for which you want to solve. Draw the solution to , using the cursor coordinates (x,y) as initial condition Q'1(t) To continue drawing more solutions, move the free-moving cursor and then press b. , press ..
Page 162: Evaluating Differential Equations For A Specified T
Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing Evaluating Differential Equations for a Specified t When the trace cursor is not active, the menu item evaluates currently selected GRAPH EVAL differential equations n for a specified value of . You can use it directly on tMin tMax the graph.
Page 163: Chapter 11: Lists
Lists Lists on the TI-86... 152 Creating, Storing, and Displaying Lists ... 153 The List Editor ... 156 Using List Operations... 159 Using Mathematical Functions with Lists ... 161 Attaching a Formula to a List Name ... 162 TI 86...
Page 164: Lists On The Ti-86
(page 161) Collect data with the Calculator-Based Laboratory™ (CBL 2™/CBL™) or Calculator-Based Ranger™ (CBR) and store it to a list name on the TI-86 (Chapter 18) Create lists dynamically using the As a set of values for an argument in a function to return a list of answers (Chapter 1)
Page 165: The List Names Menu
The LIST NAMES Menu menu LIST NAMES shown here has no user- fStat created list names. Chapter 14 describes fStat Each user-created list name is added to the xStat , and yStat names, including Creating, Storing, and Displaying Lists Entering a List Directly in an Expression To enter a list directly, the syntax is: Enter any part of the expression that precedes the list.
Page 166: Creating A List Name By Storing A List
X to store a list name. To delete a list name from memory, use the screen DELETE:LIST (Chapter 17). Displaying List Elements Stored to a List Name The TI-86 distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase letters in list names. For example, , and ABC123 Abc123 abc123 are three different list names.
Page 167: Displaying Or Using A Single List Element
Displaying or Using a Single List Element To display or use a single list element, the syntax is: listName Enter the list name; either select it from the listName element# is valid as part of an expression. LIST NAMES In parentheses, enter the element’s place element # is ‚...
Page 168: Complex List Elements
Chapter 11: Lists Complex List Elements A complex number can be a list element. If at least one list element is a complex number, all elements in the list are displayed as complex. (‡ The List Editor The list editor is a table where you can store, edit, and view up to 20 lists that are in memory.
Page 169: Creating A List Name In The Unnamed Column
Creating a List Name in the Unnamed Column After memory is reset, xStat Display the list editor. , and are stored to yStat fStat columns , and Move the cursor to the unnamed column Resetting defaults does not (column 4). The affect the list editor.
Page 170: Displaying And Editing A List Element
Chapter 11: Lists Displaying and Editing a List Element To cancel any editing and restore the original element at the cursor, press : You can enter an expression as an element. Deleting Elements from a List To delete a single element from a list, move the cursor onto the element and press 3. The element is deleted.
Page 171: Using List Operations
You can remove all user-created lists from the list editor and restore list names Reset all memory (Chapter 17). Resetting defaults does not affect the list editor. Using List Operations The LIST OPS (Operations) Menu dimL For all menu items LIST OPS dimL except...
Page 172 Chapter 11: Lists min( For a complex list, returns the smallest or max( largest magnitude (modulus). prod seq( begin li4vc li4vc { vc4li vc4li ã Fill( number aug( cSum( Selecting from the Deltal Deltalst( menu pastes to the Deltalst( cursor location. Sortx frequencyListNameä...
Page 173: Using Mathematical Functions With Lists
Using Mathematical Functions with Lists You can use a list as a single argument for many TI-86 functions; the result is a list. The function must be valid for every element in the list; however, when graphing, undefined points do not result in an error.
Page 174: Attaching A Formula To A List Name
Chapter 11: Lists Attaching a Formula to a List Name You cannot edit an element You can attach a formula to a list name so that the formula generates a list that is stored of a list created from an and dynamically updated in the list name.
Page 175: Comparing An Attached List With A Regular List
Comparing an Attached List with a Regular List To see the differences between an attached list and a regular list, follow these steps. The example below builds on the example above for attaching a formula to a list. Notice that the formula in step 1 below is not attached to Generate a regular list by storing the expression...
Page 176: Using The List Editor With Attached-Formula Lists
When you edit or enter elements of a displayed list in any of the three current list editor columns while an attached-formula list also is displayed, the TI-86 takes slightly longer to execute the edit or entry. To reduce this effect, move lists with formulas off the current three- column display, either by scrolling columns to the left or right or by rearranging the list editor.
Page 177: Handling Errors Related To Attached Formulas
You can successfully attach to a list a formula that does not yet resolve to a list. For example, you can attach However, if you attempt to display When you attach such a formula to a list name in the list editor, the formula is successfully attached, but an error occurs.
Page 178: Detaching A Formula From A List Name
As described above, one way to detach a formula from a list name is to edit an element of the attached-formula list. The TI-86 protects against inadvertently detaching the formula from the list name when you move the cursor onto one of the elements.
Page 179: Chapter 12: Vectors
Vectors Vectors on the TI-86 ... 168 Creating, Storing, and Displaying Vectors... 169 Using Mathematical Functions with Vectors... 176 TI 86...
Page 180 For example, a column vector is appropriate for the expression matrix¹vector. On the TI-86, you can store up to 255 elements to a vector in rectangular form. You can use two- or three-element vectors to define magnitude and direction in a two- or three- dimensional space.
Page 181: Creating, Storing, And Displaying Vectors
The VECTR NAMES Menu To paste a vector name to the current cursor location, select it from the menu. Creating a Vector in the Vector Editor The TI-86 distinguishes Display the vector between uppercase and lowercase letters in vector ALPHA-lock is on.
Page 182: The Vector Editor Menu
Chapter 12: Vectors You can enter an expression at a vector element prompt. The Vector Editor Menu INSi INSi DELi 4REAL Creating a Vector on the Home Screen To delete a vector name from memory, use the screen DELETE:VECTR (Chapter 17). Enter each vector element value at each vector element prompt.
Page 183: Creating A Complex Vector
SphereV instruction from the VECTR OPS Complex vectors are displayed in rectangular form only. ã1,2,(3,1)ä , the TI-86 displays ¶ complexVectorName (Chapter 1). You can select a vector conversion menu to override the mode setting (page 173). Chapter 12: Vectors...
Page 184: Using A Vector In An Expression
Chapter 12: Vectors Using a Vector in an Expression When you execute the expression, the answer is displayed as a vector. Editing Vector Dimension and Elements You can use : , 3 , and - p to edit matrix elements. You also can overwrite existing characters.
Page 185: The Vectr Math Menu
The VECTR MATH Menu NAMES cross cross( unitV norm dot( vectorA The VECTR OPS (Operations) Menu NAMES vector Press X to enter the ¶ symbol after #ofElements . #ofElements #ofElements Fill( number - Š ( EDIT MATH CPLX unitV norm vectorA vectorB Returns the cross product of vectorA and vectorB, both of which are real or...
Page 186 Chapter 12: Vectors For the conversion functions below, the three-element vector conversion equations for cylindrical form ãr q zä are: x = r cosq The three-element vector conversion equations for spherical form ãr q fä are: x = r cosq sinf y = r sinq sinf vector vector vector...
Page 187: The Vectr Cplx (Complex) Menu
The VECTR CPLX (Complex) Menu NAMES EDIT MATH conj real imag conj complexVector Returns a vector in which each element is the complex conjugate of the corresponding element of a complexVector real complexVector Returns a real vector in which each element is the real portion of the corresponding element of a complexVector imag complexVector...
Page 188: Using Mathematical Functions With Vectors
Chapter 12: Vectors Using Mathematical Functions with Vectors To add or subtract two vectors, vectorA the dimension of vectorA must equal the dimension of vectorA vectorB . You cannot multiply two vector vectors or divide one vector number by another vector. matrix vector vector...
Page 189: Chapter 13: Matrices
Matrices Matrices on the TI-86 ... 178 Creating, Storing, and Displaying Matrices... 178 Using Mathematical Functions with Matrices... 185 TI 86...
Page 190: Creating, Storing, And Displaying Matrices
Chapter 13: Matrices Matrices on the TI-86 A matrix is a two-dimensional array, arranged in rows and columns. The matrix elements can be real or complex. You can create, display, and edit matrices on the home screen or in the matrix editor. When you create a matrix, the elements are stored to the matrix name.
Page 191: The Matrix Editor Menu
An ellipsis (…) at either end of matrix rows indicates additional columns. $ or # in the last column indicates additional rows. The Matrix Editor Menu INSr INSr DELr INSc DELc 4REAL Display the matrix editor and the matrix editor menu. Accept or change the matrix dimensions (row ×...
Page 192: Creating A Matrix On The Home Screen
If newly created, the matrix name becomes a MATRX NAMES menu item. imaginaryMatrix¶complexMatrixName +(0,1) - „ - „ -… - „ a - … -… X - n ã ä ã ä ã ä , the TI-86 displays [[1,2][5,(3,1)]] [[(1,0) (2,0)][(5,0) (3,1)]]...
Page 193: Displaying Matrix Elements, Rows, And Submatrices
Displaying Matrix Elements, Rows, and Submatrices To display an existing matrix on the home screen, enter To view elements beyond the current screen, use " , # , the matrix name’s individual characters or select it from ! , and $ . value of each element is displayed.
Page 194: Editing Matrices In The Matrix Editor
Chapter 13: Matrices Editing Matrices in the Matrix Editor You can use : , 3 , and - p to edit matrix elements. You also can overwrite existing characters. Editing Matrices on the Home Screen To change a matrix element value, the syntax is: value To change the values of an entire row of elements, the syntax is: valueA...
Page 195: The Matrx Math Menu
- ‰ ( The MATRX MATH Menu NAMES EDIT MATH norm eigVl squareMatrix Returns the determinant of squareMatrix Returns a transposed matrix; each element’s (row,column) coordinates switch matrix norm matrix Returns the Frobenius norm ( G(real all elements of a real or complex matrix Returns a list of the normalized eigenvalues of a real or complex eigVl squareMatrix...
Page 196: The Matrx Ops (Operations) Menu
Chapter 13: Matrices The MATRX OPS (Operations) Menu NAMES Press X to enter the ¶ symbol after the close brace. rows rows number Fill( ident matrix rref When you use , the aug( aug( number of rows in matrixA aug( must equal the number of rows in matrixB or the rSwap(...
Page 197: The Matrx Cplx (Complex ) Menu
The MATRX CPLX (Complex ) Menu NAMES conj conj real complexMatrix imag matrix angle Using Mathematical Functions with Matrices matrixA To add or subtract two matrices, the dimensions of matrixA must equal the matrixA dimensions of matrixB . EDIT MATH CPLX real imag...
Page 198 Chapter 13: Matrices To multiply two matrices, the matrixA column dimension of matrixB matrixA must equal the row matrix dimension of matrixB . number matrix matrix , press - ƒ . Do To enter squareMatrix not use 2 @ a matrix squareMatrix , and...
Page 199: Chapter 14: Statistics
Statistics Statistical Analysis on the TI-86 ... 188 Setting Up a Statistical Analysis... 188 Results of a Statistical Analysis... 192 Plotting Statistical Data ... 194 The STAT DRAW Menu ... 199 Forecasting a Statistical Data Value ... 199 TI 86...
Page 200: Statistical Analysis On The Ti-86
Chapter 14: Statistics Statistical Analysis on the TI-86 With the TI-86, you can analyze one-variable and two-variable statistical data, which are stored in lists. One-variable data has one measured variable. Two-variable data has pairs comprising an independent variable and a dependent variable.
Page 201: Entering Statistical Data
Data for statistical analysis is stored in lists, which you can create and edit in the list editor (Chapter 11), on the home screen (Chapter 11), or in a program (Chapter 16). The TI-86 has three built-in list names for statistics, (frequency list).
Page 202 Chapter 14: Statistics For regression analysis, the LinR statistical results are calculated using a least- squares fit. ExpR PwrR SinR SinR LgstR calculated using an iterative least-squares fit. LgstR StReg (linear regression) Fits the model equation y=a+bx to the data; displays values for (slope) and (y-intercept) (logarithmic regression) Fits the model equation y=a+b ln x to the data using transformed...
Page 203: Automatic Regression Equation Storage
When you select OneVa OneVa , the abbreviation TwoVa OneVar OneVar TwoVar displayed. TwoVa TwoVar , the PwrR ExpR LinR elements of xList and yList TwoVar must be integers ‚ 1. SinR SinR iterations is the number of iterations to go through; higher values for iterations produce a Default for iterations is 64.
Page 204: Results Of A Statistical Analysis
Chapter 14: Statistics The result for a polynomial regression, sinusoidal regression, or logistic regression is stored in is the only statistical PRegC result variable calculated for PRegC a polynomial regression. equation. For example, for y=3x Results of a Statistical Analysis When you perform a statistical analysis, the calculated results are stored in the result variables and the data from the lists used in the analysis are stored to One- and two-variable...
Page 205 ¹ y regression equation polynomial, SinR The first quartile ( third quartile ( When you calculate a logistic regression, tolerance was met before the calculator arrived at a result; if not met, 1-Var 2-Var Stats Stats Other values...
Page 206: Plotting Statistical Data
Chapter 14: Statistics Plotting Statistical Data You can plot one, two, or three sets of statistical list data. The five available plot types are scatter plot, xyLine, histogram, modified box plot, and regular box plot. The STAT PLOT Status Screen illustration below identifies the settings for setting, select This screen shows the...
Page 207: The Stat Plot Menu
The STAT PLOT Menu When you display a stat plot PLOT1 PLOT editor, the menu STAT PLOT remains so that you can PLOT1 easily switch to another stat plot. PLOT2 PLOT3 PlOn In this guidebook, brackets ( ã and ä ) with syntax specify PlOff arguments as optional.
Page 208: The Plot Type Menu (Selecting A Plot Type)
Chapter 14: Statistics The PLOT TYPE Menu (Selecting a Plot Type) To display the PLOT TYPE PLOT1 PLOT2 PLOT3 menu, move the cursor onto SCAT the plot type icon at the prompt. Type= At this prompt... When you select a plot type, Xlist Name= the appearance of the stat Ylist Name=...
Page 209 − appearance in ¯ the points are 1.5 ¹ Interquartile Range beyond the quartiles. (The Interquartile Range is defined as the difference between the third quartile points are plotted individually beyond the whisker, using the You can trace these points, which are called outliers. When outliers exist, the end of each Whiskers are the lines whisker will display an protruding from the sides of...
Page 210 Chapter 14: Statistics second plots in the middle. When three are plotted, the first one plots at the top, the second in the middle, and the third at the bottom. ¬ the width of each bar, beginning at yMin true. A value that occurs on the edge of a bar is counted in the bar to the right. °...
Page 211: The Stat Draw Menu
The STAT DRAW Menu CALC HIST When you select any of the HIST first five menu STAT DRAW SCAT items, the TI-86 plots the data stored in the lists xStat xyLINE yStat MBOX DRREG CLDRW DrawF STPIC...
Page 212 Chapter 14: Statistics Values entered at forecast editor prompts must be real numbers or expressions that evaluate to real numbers. When you use If the most recent calculation value, move the cursor onto the variable to be stored, press X, enter a valid variable was a polynomial regression, you can only forecast the name at the...
Page 213: Chapter 15: Equation Solving
Entering an Equation in the Equation-Entry Editor ... 203 Setting Up the Interactive-Solver Editor... 204 Solving for the Unknown Variable ... 206 Graphing the Solution... 207 Solver Graph Tools... 207 The Simultaneous Equation Solver ... 208 The Polynomial Root-Finder... 211 TI 86...
Page 214: Preview: The Equation Solver
Chapter 15: Equation Solving Preview: The Equation Solver With the equation solver, you can enter an expression or equation, store values to all but one variable in the expression or equation, and then solve for the unknown variable. These steps introduce the solver. For details, read this chapter. menu is a VARS EQU menu version of the...
Page 215: Entering An Equation In The Equation-Entry Editor
A+B=C+sin D Recall the contents of a defined equation variable. As you enter or edit the equation, the TI-86 automatically stores it to the variable You can display other menus VARS EQU in the equation-entry editor.
Page 216: Setting Up The Interactive-Solver Editor
Controlling the Solution with Bounds and a Guess The solver seeks a solution only within the specified bounds. Whenever you display the interactive-solver editor, the default maximum bounds for the TI-86. in the equation-entry is a list containing the default lower bound ( ).
Page 217: Editing The Equation
Controlling the process with specific bounds and a guess helps the TI-86 in two ways. It finds a solution more quickly.
Page 218: The Solver Menu
Chapter 15: Equation Solving The Solver Menu You can display other menus GRAPH in the interactive-solver editor graphs the equation in To display the window editor, select When you select the menu. To return to the interactive-solver editor from the graph or window editor, select Solving for the Unknown Variable After you have stored all known variable values, set the bounds, and entered a guess (optional), move the cursor to the prompt for the unknown variable.
Page 219: Graphing The Solution
Graphing the Solution When you select The graph to the right plots the solution from the example solver graph is displayed with the free-moving cursor. on page 202. The window variable values are: xMin=L10 yMin=L50 xMax=50 yMax=50 On the graph, solutions exist for the equation where intersects the x-axis.
Page 220: The Solver Zoom Menu
Chapter 15: Equation Solving The Solver ZOOM Menu GRAPH Chapter 6 and the A to Z Reference describe these features in detail. ZOUT ZFACT ZSTD The Simultaneous Equation Solver Entering Equations to Solve Simultaneously coefficients are SIMULT not variables. You can display other menus in the coefficients-entry screen.
Page 221 To move from the Enter a real or complex value (or an coefficients-entry editor for expression that resolves to one) for each one equation to the editor for coefficient in the equation and for another equation, select which is the solution to that equation. PREV NEXT To move among coefficients,...
Page 222: Storing Equation Coefficients And Results To Variables
Chapter 15: Equation Solving Storing Equation Coefficients and Results to Variables To store a single value on the coefficients-entry screen or result screen, follow these steps. To switch to the coefficients- entry screen, select COEFS from the SIMULT RESULT menu. To solve equations simultaneously on the home screen or in a program,...
Page 223: The Polynomial Root-Finder
The Polynomial Root-Finder The root finder solves up to 30th-order real or complex polynomials. Entering and Solving a Polynomial Display the Enter an integer between 2 and 30. The coefficients are not POLY variables. coefficients-entry editor is displayed with the equation across the top, the coefficient prompts along the left side, and the You can display other menus...
Page 224: Storing A Polynomial Coefficient Or Root To A Variable
Chapter 15: Equation Solving Storing a Polynomial Coefficient or Root to a Variable To switch to the coefficients- entry screen, select COEFS from the POLY RESULT menu. To find roots on the home screen or in a program, select from the poly CATALOG To return to the coefficients-entry screen, where you can edit coefficients and calculate...
Page 225: Chapter 16: Programming
Programming Writing a Program on the TI-86 ... 214 Running a Program... 221 Working with Programs ... 223 Running an Assembly Language Program ... 225 Entering and Storing a String... 226 TI 86...
Page 226: Writing A Program On The Ti-86
Expressions and instructions in the program are executed when you run the program. You can use most TI-86 features in a program. Programs can retrieve and update all variables stored to memory. Also, the program editor menu has inputàoutput commands,...
Page 227: The Program Editor Menu
The program name is displayed at the top of the screen. The cursor is on the first command line, which begins with a colon. The TI-86 automatically places a colon at the beginning of each command line. As you write the program, the commands are stored to the program name.
Page 228 Displays the current table and temporarily halts the program Clears the current table if variable Gets data from a CBL 2/CBL, CBR, or another TI-86 and stores it to variable listName Sends the contents of listName to a CBL 2/CBL or CBR Returns a number corresponding to the last key pressed, according to the key code diagram (page 217);...
Page 229: The Ti-86 Key Code Diagram
Outpt( column variable Outpt("CBLSEND", listName Although using send listName to a CBL 2/CBL or CBR (for TI-85 compatibility) InpSt promptString variable Pauses a program, displays promptString or InpSt variable response; stores the response to variable always as a string; omit...
Page 230: The Prgm Ctl Menu
Chapter 16: Programming The PRGM CTL Menu PAGE$ PAGE# To see examples that show how to use Z Reference. , and While Repeat condition instructions can be nested. Then Else loops can be nested. For( For( ã stepä While Repeat 8 ' programName b ) IàO Then...
Page 231 tested when the Sets up branching within a program as selected from menu keys & Menu( item# ," title1 ", through *; when encountered, displays the first of up to 3 menu label1ã item# " title2 ", label2 ...ä groups (up to 15 titles); when you select a title, the program branches to the label that the title represents;...
Page 232: Entering A Command Line
CATALOG TI-86 menus and screens may be altered when displayed in the program editor. Menu items in the program editor. that are invalid for a program are omitted from menus. Menus that are not valid in a...
Page 233: Running A Program
Commands executed during a program do not update the previous-entry storage area The example program below is shown as it would appear on a TI-86 screen. The program: Creates a table by evaluating a function, its first derivative, and its second derivative at...
Page 234: Breaking (Interrupting) A Program
Chapter 16: Programming PROGRAM:FUNCTABL :Func:Fix 2:FnOff:PlO :y1=.6 x cos x :ClLCD :Eq4St(y1,STRING) :Outpt(1,1,"y1=") :Outpt(1,4,STRING) :Outpt(8,1,"PRESS ENT ER") :Pause :ClLCD :y2=der1(y1,x,x) :y3=der2(y1,x,x) :DispT :GrStl(1,1):GrStl(2,2 ):GrStl(3,7) :2¶xRes :ZTrig :Trace Breaking (Interrupting) a Program To break (interrupt) the program, press ^. The The name of the program Set graphing and decimal modes (mode screen);...
Page 235: Working With Programs
Working with Programs Managing Memory and Deleting a Program To check whether adequate memory is available for a program you want to enter or download, display the Check RAM screen (- ™ &; Chapter 17). To increase available memory, consider deleting selected items or data types from memory (Chapter 17). Editing a Program After you write a program, you can display it in the program editor and edit any command line.
Page 236: Calling A Program From Another Program
Chapter 16: Programming Calling a Program from Another Program On the TI-86, any stored program can be called from another program as a subroutine. In the program editor, enter the subroutine program name on a command line by itself. When the program name is encountered as the calling program runs, the next command executed is the first command in the subroutine.
Page 237: Copying A Program To Another Program Name
You can download and run TI-created assembly language programs to add features to your TI-86 that are not built in. For example, you can download the TI-83 finance or inferential statistics features to use on your TI-86.
Page 238: Entering And Storing A String
Chapter 16: Programming TI assembly language programs and other programs are available on TI’s World Wide Web site: http:ààwww.ti.comàcalc When you download an assembly language program, it is stored among the other programs as a To run an assemblyProgramName, the syntax is:...
Page 239: The Strng (String) Menu
The STRNG (String) Menu " " also marks the start and " string end of a formula to be sub(" attached to a list; it is also an sub( stringName item on the list editor menu (Chapter 11). lngth " Eq4St( St4Eq( Creating a String...
Page 240 Chapter 16: Programming...
Page 241: Chapter 17: Memory Management
Memory Management Checking Available Memory ... 230 Deleting Items from Memory ... 231 Resetting the TI-86 ... 232 TI 86...
Page 242: Checking Available Memory
Checking Memory Usage When all memory is cleared and all defaults are set, the standard TI-86 has memory (RAM). As you store information to RAM, you can monitor memory allocation on the Check RAM screen. MEM FREE RAM. Conversely, all other numbers on the screen report the number of bytes that each data type currently occupies.
Page 243: Deleting Items From Memory
Deleting Items from Memory The MEM DELET (Delete) Menu To delete a parametric Each equation, delete the when you select component. delete any user-created variable and the information stored to it. In the example, the equation Select y5=x^3Nx +4xN1 is deleted. display the Select the data type of the item you want to delete.
Page 244: Resetting The Ti-86
- $ or - # (Chapter 1). ClrEnt (Clear Entry) The TI-86 retains as many previous entries as possible in ENTRY To clear the on a blank line on the home screen (- ™ * b).
Page 245 The TI-86 Communication Link TI-86 Linking Options ... 234 Connecting the TI-86 to Another Device ... 235 Selecting Data to Send... 236 Preparing the Receiving Device ... 240 Transmitting Data ... 240 Receiving Transmitted Data... 240 TI 86...
Page 246: Chapter 18: The Ti-86 Communication Link
(CBRé) systems are optional TI accessories that collect data from physical occurrences, such as science experiments. The CBL 2/CBL and CBR store data to lists, which you can transmit to a TI-86 and analyze. You can transmit list names to a CBL 2/CBL or CBR from a TI-86.
Page 247: Linking A Ti-86 And A Pc Or Macintosh
Connecting the TI-86 to Another Device Before you begin to transmit data to or from the TI-86, connect it to the other device. Firmly insert one end of the unit-to-unit cable into the port on the bottom edge of the calculator.
Page 248: The Link Menu
Chapter 18: The TI-86 Communication Link The LINK Menu SEND The link menus are not menu of data available in the program types to send editor. Selecting Data to Send The CBL 2/CBL, CBR, and To list the variables for a specific data type on a selection screen, select the data type from...
Page 249: Initiating A Memory Backup
NO VARS OF THIS TYPE BCKUP menu (- o & &). The screen to the right is , the transmitted memory overwrites all memory in BCKUP Chapter 18: The TI-86 Communication Link from the LINK XMIT CONT EXIT...
Page 250: Selecting Variables To Send
When you select & / / (), the Each variables, format settings, and any other graph-screen data for that TI-86 graphing mode and for zoom). The screen to the right shows that the graph screen data for Func menu item, except...
Page 251: Sending Variables To A Ti-85
TI-86. However, the LINK SND85 The TI-86 has more capacity for lists, vectors, and matrices than the TI-85. If you send to the TI-85 a list, vector, or matrix that has more elements than the TI-85 allows, the elements that exceed TI-85 capacity are truncated.
Page 252: Preparing The Receiving Device
To interrupt transmission, press ^ on either calculator. When the ERROR Receiving Transmitted Data As the TI-86 receives transmitted data, each variable name and data type is displayed line by line. If all selected items are transmitted successfully, the message scroll the transmitted variables, press # and $.
Page 253: Receiving Transmitted Data
(overwrite) Replaces data stored to the receiving unit’s variable with sent variable data SKIP Does not overwrite the receiving unit’s data; attempts to send the next selected variable EXIT Cancels the data transmission Chapter 18: The TI-86 Communication Link menu are...
Page 254: Repeating Transmission To Several Devices
Repeating Transmission to Several Devices After transmission is complete, the transmit the same selections to a different TI-86 without having to re-select data. To repeat a transmission with another device, disconnect the unit-to-unit cable from the receiving unit; connect it to another device; prepare the device to receive data; and then...
Page 255: Chapter 19: Applications
Finding the Area between Curves... 245 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus... 246 Electrical Circuits... 248 Program: Taylor Series ... 250 Characteristic Polynomial and Eigenvalues... 252 Convergence of the Power Series ... 254 Reservoir Problem... 256 Predator-Prey Model... 258 Program: Sierpinski Triangle ... 260 TI 86...
Page 256: Using Math Operations With Matrices
Chapter 19: Applications Using Math Operations with Matrices Displaying the result matrix elements to 11 decimal places illustrates accuracy. In the matrix editor, enter matrix as shown. On the home screen, select rref from the To append a 3×3 identity matrix to matrix MATRX OPS menu, enter , select...
Page 257: Finding The Area Between Curves
Finding the Area between Curves Find the area of the region bounded by: enter the equations as shown. If necessary, select ALL- from the equation editor menu to deselect all Select functions. Also, turn off all stat plots. Select Select functions.
Page 258: The Fundamental Theorem Of Calculus
Chapter 19: Applications The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus If necessary, select ALL- Consider these three functions: from the equation editor menu to deselect all F(x) functions. Also, turn off all stat plots. In the example, nDer(y2,x) only approximates ; you cannot define der1(y2,x) ‰...
Page 259 Deselect in the equation editor. Select TBLST from the TABLE menu. Set Indpnt: Auto Select TABLE from the TABLE menu to display the table. Compare the solution of with the solution of support the formula above. Chapter 19: Applications TblStart=1 @Tbl=1 , and to numerically...
Page 260: Electrical Circuits
From these measurements, you can calculate power (P) in milliwatts using the equation With the TI-86, you can estimate the power in milliwatts at a current of 125 milliamperes using the trace cursor, the interpolateàextrapolate editor, and a regression forecast.
Page 261 Select trace cursor on the graph screen. Trace the stat plot to approximate the value of CURR=125 that you can trace to is Select s and s in parentheses interpolateàextrapolate editor. To interpolate specify the 7th and 8th elements of POWER CURR=125 CURR...
Page 262: Program: Taylor Series
Chapter 19: Applications Program: Taylor Series When you run this program, you can enter a function and specify the order and center point. Then the program calculates the Taylor Series approximation for the function and plots the function you entered. This example shows how to call a program from another program as a subroutine.
Page 263 :If order‚1 :der1(y13,x,center)¶TPOLY(order) :If order‚2 :der2(y13,x,center)à2¶TPOLY(orderN1) :If order‚3 :Then Begins Then group Calls subroutine :MOBIUS Begins For group :For(N,3,order,1) :abs f0¶gmax:gmax¶bmi :1¶m:0¶ssum Begins While group :While abs bmi‚H¹gmax :While MSERIES(m)==0 Creates nested While group :m+1¶m :End :0¶bsum :For(J,1,m¹N,1) :rr¹e^(2p(Jà(m¹N))¹(0,1))+(center,0)¶x Creates nested For group :real y13¶gval :bsum+gval¶bsum :max(abs gval,gmax)¶gmax...
Page 264: Characteristic Polynomial And Eigenvalues
Chapter 19: Applications Characteristic Polynomial and Eigenvalues The first eigenvalue is real, since the imaginary part is If necessary, select ALL- from the equation editor menu to deselect all functions. Also, turn off all stat plots. On the home screen, select TAYLOR menu, and then press b to run the program.
Page 265 Next, use the list editor and a degree-three polynomial regression to find an analytic formula in terms of use to find the analytic formula. In the list editor, create elements for expression MATH MISC Create elements for yStat press b or exit the list editor. On the home screen, select execute using the lists...
Page 266: Convergence Of The Power Series
ˆ Plot finite approximations of this power series solution on the TI-86 with Support this conjecture by graphing stored), and Plot1 together.
Page 267 If necessary, select ALLN from the equation editor menu to deselect all functions. Also, turn off all stat plots. This example is set up in mode, which allows Param you to control the solution with and increase tStep plotting speed. To clear the menus from the graph screen, press : .
Page 268: Reservoir Problem
= the built-in acceleration of gravity constant When you graph these equations on the TI-86, the y-axis (x=0) is the side of the reservoir where the valve is to be installed. The x-axis (y=0) is the ground. Each plotted parametric...
Page 269 If necessary, select ALLN from the equation editor menu to deselect all functions. Also, turn off all stat plots. To clear the menus from the graph screen, press : . Param graphing mode, select E(t)= equation editor as shown. This pair of equations plots the path of the water stream when the valve is installed at a height of 0.5 meters.
Page 270: Predator-Prey Model
Chapter 19: Applications Predator-Prey Model The growth rates of predator and prey populations, such as foxes and rabbits, depend upon the populations of both species. This initial-value problem is a form of the predator-prey model. = population of foxes (F) = population of rabbits (R) = initial population of foxes (2) Find the population of foxes and rabbits after 3 months (...
Page 271 Select GRAPH from the GRAPH menu to plot the graph of the two populations over time. To see the direction field of the phase-plane solution, select FORMT from the GRAPH screen, and then set format. Select INITC from the GRAPH menu and delete the values for Select GRAPH...
Page 272: Program: Sierpinski Triangle
Chapter 19: Applications Program: Sierpinski Triangle This program creates a drawing of a widely known fractal, the Sierpinski Triangle, and stores the drawing to the picture variable Select EDIT from the PRGM menu, enter PROGRAM:SIERP :FnOff :ClDrw :PlOff :AxesOff Sets viewing :0¶xMin:1¶xMax :0¶yMin:1¶yMax window...
Page 273: A To Z Function And Instruction Reference
A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Quick-Find Locator... 262 Alphabetical Listing of Operations... 266 TI 86...
Page 274: Quick-Find Locator
Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference This section lists the TI-86 functions and instructions in functional groups along with the page numbers where they are Axes( ... 271 DrInv ...287 ... 271 AxesOff dxDer1 AxesOn ... 271 dxNDer ...
Page 275 ... 267 Division: / ... 267 Addition: + DMS entry: ' ... 268 4DMS ...285 angle ... 269 dxDer1 ...288 ... 269 ...288 dxNDer arc( ... 269 ...288 ... 270 ...290 Assignment: = Ü ... 271 Eq4St( ...290 ... 272 Equal: = 4Bin ...
Page 276 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference ¶dim ... 270 ... 281 aug( ... 273 ... 289 cnorm eigVc ... 274 ... 289 cond eigVl ... 281 Fill( ... 295 ... 281 ... 304 ident ... 269 ... 284 Asm( DispT AsmComp(...
Page 277 .. 274 ... 316 Concatenation: + lngth ... 290 Eq4St( cnorm ... 273 ... 281 ¶dim ... 277 ... 281 cross( 4Cyl ... 278 dot( ... 285 ... 278 ... 295 CylV Fill( Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Strings ...
Page 278: Alphabetical Listing Of Operations
Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Alphabetical Listing of Operations All the operations in this section are included in the (such as these operations are listed under their alphabetic equivalent (such as addition, factorial, and greater than). You always can use the to a command line in the program editor.
Page 279 realNumber or Returns the absolute value of realNumber or MATH NUM menu realExpression. CPLX menu abs ( complexNumber MATRX CPLX menu Returns the magnitude (modulus) of complexNumber. VECTR CPLX menu abs ( abs ( list matrix vector Returns a list, matrix, or vector in which each element is the absolute value of the corresponding real or complex element in the argument.
Page 280 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference listA listB matrixA vectorA Returns a list, matrix, or vector that is the sum of the corresponding real or complex elements in the arguments. The two arguments must have the same dimension.
Page 281 angle angle ( complexNumber Returns the polar angle of complexNumber, adjusted by CPLX menu +p in the 2nd quadrant or Lp in the 3rd quadrant. The MATRX CPLX menu polar angle of a real number is always 0. VECTR CPLX menu angle ( angle ( angle...
Page 282 ASCII version, cannot be edited. When you execute the ASCII version, the TI-86 compiles it each time. To speed up execution, use compile the ASCII version once and then execute the hex version each time you want to run the program.
Page 283 aug( matrixA Returns a matrix consisting of matrixB appended as new columns to the end of matrixA. The matrices can be real or complex. Both must have the same number of rows. aug( matrix Returns a matrix consisting of vector appended as a new column to the end of matrix.
Page 284 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Sets binary number base mode. Results are displayed † mode screen with the designate an appropriate value as binary, decimal, hexadecimal, or octal by using the designator, respectively, from the 4Bin number 4Bin list...
Page 285 Circl( Circl( Draws a circle with center (x,y) and radius on the † GRAPH DRAW menu current graph. ClDrw ClDrw Clears all drawn elements from the current graph. † GRAPH DRAW menu † STAT DRAW menu CILCD ClLCD Clears the home screen (LCD). ‡...
Page 286 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference cnorm vector Returns the sum of the absolute values of the real or complex elements in vector. Concatenation: stringA Returns a string consisting of stringB appended (concatenated) to the end of stringA. cond cond squareMatrix...
Page 287 conj conj ( complexNumber Returns the complex conjugate of complexNumber. CPLX menu MATRX CPLX menu RectC real,Limaginary VECTR CPLX menu PolarC magnitude conj complexList conj complexMatrix conj complexVector Returns a complex list, matrix, or vector in which each element is the complex conjugate of the original. CoordOff CoordOff †...
Page 288 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference angle or > Returns the cosine of angle or expression, which can be real or complex. An angle is interpreted as degrees or radians according to the current angle mode. In any angle mode, you can designate an angle as degrees or radians by using the menu.
Page 289 cosh cosh number or Returns the hyperbolic cosine of number or expression, MATH HYP menu which can be real or complex. cosh list Returns a list in which each element is the hyperbolic cosine of the corresponding element in list. cosh cosh number or...
Page 290 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference cSum( cSum( list Returns a list of the cumulative sums of the real or LIST OPS menu complex elements in list, starting with the first element. 4Cyl 4Cyl vector Displays a 2- or 3-element real vector result in VECTR OPS menu cylindrical form, [rq z], even if the display mode is not set for cylindrical (...
Page 291 4Dec number 4Dec 4Dec list BASE CONV menu 4Dec matrix vector 4Dec Returns the decimal equivalent of the real or complex argument. Degree Degree † mode screen Sets degree angle mode. ¡ Degree entry: ¡ number Designates a real number or expression as degrees, MATH ANGLE menu regardless of the angle mode setting.
Page 292 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference DelVar( DelVar( Deletes the specified user-created variable from ‡ program editor CTL menu memory. (DelVa shows You cannot use on menu) built-in variable. der1( der1( expression Returns the first derivative of expression with respect CALC menu to variable at the real or complex value.
Page 293 squareMatrix Returns the determinant of squareMatrix. The result is MATRX MATH menu real for a real matrix, complex for a complex matrix. DifEq DifEq Sets differential equation graphing mode. † mode screen matrix MATRX OPS menu Returns a list containing the dimensions (number of rows and columns) of a real or complex matrix.
Page 294 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference #ofElements If vectorName does not exist, creates a new vector with the specified #ofElements and fills it with zeros. If vectorName exists, redimensions that vector to the specified #ofElements. Existing elements within the new dimension are not changed;...
Page 295 Disp Disp valueA Displays each value. The values can include strings and ‡ program editor I/O menu variable names. Disp Displays the home screen. DispG DispG Displays the current graph. † GRAPH menu ‡ program editor I/O menu Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference valueB valueC , ...
Page 296 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference DispT DispT Displays the table. ‡ program editor I/O menu Division: numberA Returns one argument divided by another. The arguments can be real or complex. number Returns a list in which each element is number or expression divided by the corresponding element in list.
Page 297 DMS entry: degrees minutes Designates the entered angle is in DMS format. degrees MATH ANGLE menu ( 999,999), minutes (< 60), and seconds (< 60, may In a trig calculation, the have decimal places) must be entered as real numbers, result of a DMS entry is not as variable names or expressions.
Page 298 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference DrawF DrawF expression Draws expression (in terms of GRAPH DRAW menu DrawLine DrawLine Sets connected line graphing format. † graph format screen Func ZStd:DrawF 1.25 x cos x b ) on the current graph. graphing mode:...
Page 299 DrEqu( DrEqu( xAxisVariable † GRAPH menu DifEq differential equations stored in the To enter the ' character for specified by xAxisVariable and yAxisVariable. If the Q' variables, use the direction fields are off ( CHAR MISC menu. values must be stored also. After the solution is drawn, move the cursor to a new initial value and press b to draw the new solution.
Page 300 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference DS<( :DS<( variable command-if-variable ‚ value ‡ program editor commands CTL menu Decrements variable by 1. If the result is < value, skips command-if-variable ‚ value. If the result is ‚ value, then command-if-variable‚value is executed.
Page 301 Note that an eigenvalues. eigenvector is not unique; it may be scaled by any constant factor. TI-86 eigenvectors are normalized. eigVl eigVl squareMatrix Returns a list of the eigenvalues of a real or complex MATRX MATH menu squareMatrix.
Page 302 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Else Refer to syntax information for If:Then:Else:End ‡ program editor CTL menu ‡ program editor Identifies the end of a CTL menu Else † mode screen Sets engineering notation mode, in which the power-of- 10 exponent is a multiple of 3.
Page 303 Equal to: numberA matrixA TEST menu vectorA stringA The == operator is used to compare arguments, while Tests whether the condition argumentA == argumentB = is used to assign a value is true or false. Numbers, matrices, and vectors can be or expression to a variable.
Page 304 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference evalF( evalF( expression Returns the value of expression evaluated with respect CALC menu to variable at a real or complex value. evalF( expression Returns a list containing the values of expression evaluated with respect to variable at each element in list.
Page 305 ExpR ExpR xList Fits an exponential regression model (y=ab STAT CALC menu data pairs in xList and yList ( frequencies in frequencyList. The regression equation is Built-in equation variables stored to equationVariable, which must be a built-in such as y1, r1, and xt1 are equation variable such as case-sensitive.
Page 306 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference ExpR Uses equation to Factorial: number MATH PROB menu Returns the factorial of a real integer or non-integer, where 0 integer 449 and 0 non-integer 449.9. For a non-integer, the Gamma function is used to find the factorial.
Page 307 Fill( Fill( number Fill( number LIST OPS menu Fill( number MATRX OPS menu Replaces each element in an existing listName, VECTR OPS menu matrixName, or vectorName with a real or complex number. integer or Sets fixed decimal mode for integer number of decimal †...
Page 308 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference fMax( fMax( expression Returns the value at which a local maximum of CALC menu expression with respect to variable occurs, between real lower and upper values for variable. The tolerance is controlled by the built-in variable whose default is 1 ) to display the tolerance editor.
Page 309 FnOff Deselects all equation function numbers. FnOn FnOn function# Selects the specified equation function numbers, in † GRAPH VARS menu addition to any others already selected. FnOn Selects all equation function numbers. For( :For( variable loop ‡ program editor :End CTL menu commands Executes the commands in loop iteratively, where the...
Page 310 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Form( Form(" formula Generates the contents of listName automatically, LIST OPS menu based on the attached formula. If you express formula in terms of a list, you can generate one list based on the contents of another.
Page 311 Get( Get( variable ‡ program editor Gets data from a CBL or CBR System or another TI-86 I/O menu and stores it to variable. Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference integerB listB 3/8}¶L1 b...
Page 312 Greater than: numberA TEST menu Tests whether the condition is true or false. The arguments must be real numbers. getKy returns . Refer to the TI-86 instruction. numberB or > expressionA ) > ( expressionB If true (numberA > numberB), returns If false (numberA ...
Page 313 number > Returns a list of the corresponding element in list. listA > listB Returns a list of in listA is > the corresponding element in listB. Greater than or numberA ‚ equal to: Tests whether the condition is true or false. The TEST menu arguments must be real numbers.
Page 314 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference GridOn GridOn Turns on grid format so that grid points are displayed in † graph format screen rows and columns corresponding to the tick marks on each axis. GrStl( GrStl( function# CATALOG Sets the graph style for function#.
Page 315 4Hex number 4Hex 4Hex list BASE CONV menu 4Hex matrix vector 4Hex Returns the hexadecimal equivalent of the real or complex argument. Hist xList Hist † STAT DRAW menu Draws a histogram on the current graph, using the real data in xList and the frequencies in frequencyList. xList Hist Uses frequencies of 1.
Page 316 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Horiz Horiz yValue Draws a horizontal line on the current graph at yValue. † GRAPH DRAW menu IAsk IAsk Sets the table so that the user can enter individual CATALOG values for the independent variable. IAuto IAuto Sets the table so that the TIN86 generates the...
Page 317 condition command-if-true ‡ program editor commands CTL menu If condition is true, executes command-if-true. Otherwise, skips command-if-true. The condition is true if it evaluates to any nonzero number, or false if it evaluates to zero. To execute multiple commands if condition is true, use If:Then:End condition :Then...
Page 318 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference condition :Then commands-if-true :Else commands-if-false :End commands If condition is true (nonzero), executes commands-if- true from command following If condition is false (zero), executes commands-if-false from command following imag imag ( complexNumber Returns the imaginary (nonreal) part of CPLX menu...
Page 319 InpSt InpSt promptString Pauses a program, displays promptString, and waits for ‡ program editor I/O menu the user to enter a response. The response is stored to variable always as a string. When entering the response, the user should not enter quotation marks. To prompt for a number or expression instead of a string, use InpSt...
Page 320 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Input Pauses a program, displays the graph screen, and lets the user update format) by moving the free-moving cursor. To resume the program, press b. Input "CBLGET", Receives list data sent from a CBL or CBR System and stores it to variable on the TIN86.
Page 321 inter( inter( Calculates the line through points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) † MATH menu and then interpolates or extrapolates a specified xValue. inter( Interpolates or extrapolates an yValue. Notice that points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) must be entered as (y1,x1) and (y2,x2). Inverse: number - ƒ...
Page 322 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference iPart list iPart matrix iPart vector Returns a list, matrix, or vector in which each element is the integer part of the corresponding element in the specified argument. IS>( :IS>( variable command-if-variable ...
Page 323 label Creates a label of up to eight characters. A program can ‡ program editor CTL menu use a specified label. lcm( lcm( integerA MATH MISC menu Returns the least common multiple of two nonnegative integers. LCust( item# LCust( ‡ program editor Loads (defines) the TIN86’s custom menu, which is displayed when the user presses 9.
Page 324 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference < Less than: numberA Tests whether the condition is true or false. The TEST menu arguments must be real numbers. number Returns a list of the corresponding element in list. listA <...
Page 325 LgstR returns a tolMet value that indicates if the The number of iterations is optional. If omitted, 64 is result meets the TI-86’s the default. A large number of iterations may produce internal tolerance. more accurate results but may require longer If tolMet = 1 , the result is calculation times.
Page 326 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference LgstR [ iterations Uses frequencyList, respectively. These built-in variables must contain valid data of the same dimension; otherwise, an error occurs. The regression equation is stored to equationVariable and LgstR [ iterations Uses equation to...
Page 327 LinR LinR xList Fits a linear regression model (y=a+bx) to real data STAT CALC menu pairs in xList and yList and frequencies in frequencyList. The regression equation is stored to Built-in equation variables equationVariable, which must be a built-in equation such as y1, r1, and xt1 are variable such as case-sensitive.
Page 328 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference LinR Uses equation to List entry: element1 LIST menu Defines a list in which each element is a real or complex number or variable. li4vc li4vc list LIST OPS menu Returns a vector converted from a real or complex list. VECTR OPS menu number or Returns the natural logarithm of a real or complex...
Page 329 xList Fits a logarithmic regression model (y=a+b ln x) to the STAT CALC menu real data pairs in xList and yList ( and frequencies in frequencyList. The regression Built-in equation variables equation is stored to equationVariable, which must be a such as y1, r1, and xt1 are built-in equation variable such as case-sensitive.
Page 330 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Uses equation to number or < Returns the logarithm of a real or complex number or expression, where: list Returns a list in which each element is the logarithm of the corresponding element in list. matrix MATRX MATH menu Calculates the Crout LU (lower-upper) decomposition...
Page 331 Matrix entry: row1 - „ and - … Defines a matrix entered row-by-row in which each element is a real or complex number or variable. Enter each max( max( numberA MATH NUM menu Returns the larger of two real or complex numbers. max( list Returns the largest element in list.
Page 332 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Menu( Menu( item# Generates a menu of up to 15 items during program ‡ program editor CTL menu execution. Menus are displayed as three groups of five items. For each item: min( min( numberA...
Page 333 mRAdd( mRAdd( number Returns the result of a “multiply and add row” matrix MATRX OPS menu operation, where: a. rowA of a real or complex matrix is multiplied by a b. The results are added to (and then stored in) rowB. ¹...
Page 334 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference matrixA Returns a matrix in which matrixA is multiplied by matrixB. The number of columns in matrixA must equal the number of rows in matrixB. multR( multR( number Returns the result of a “row multiplication” matrix MATRX OPS menu operation, where: a.
Page 335 nDer( nDer( expression Returns an approximate numerical derivative of CALC menu expression with respect to variable evaluated at a real or complex value. The approximate numerical derivative is the slope of the secant line through the To view or set the value for points: d, press - ™...
Page 336 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference norm vector Returns the length of a real or complex vector, where: norm [a,b,c] norm number or norm list Returns the absolute value of a real or complex number or expression, or of each element in list. Normal Normal †...
Page 337 integer Returns the one’s complement of a real integer. BASE BOOL menu Internally, integer is represented as a 16-bit binary number. The value of each bit is flipped (0 becomes 1, and vice versa) for the one’s complement. For example, 78 = 0000000001001110 To find the magnitude of a negative binary number, determine its two’s complement (take the one’s...
Page 338 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference ƒ Not equal to: numberA matrixA TEST menu vectorA stringA Tests whether the condition argumentA ƒ argumentB is true or false. Numbers, matrices, and vectors can be real or complex. If complex, the magnitude (modulus) of each element is compared.
Page 339 Sets octal number base mode. Results are displayed † mode screen with the designate an appropriate value as binary, decimal, hexadecimal, or octal by using the designator, respectively, from the 4Oct 4Oct number 4Oct list BASE CONV menu matrix 4Oct vector 4Oct Returns the octal equivalent of the real or complex...
Page 340 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference OneVar Uses built-in variables must contain valid data of the same dimension; otherwise, an error occurs. integerA BASE BOOL menu Compares two real integers bit by bit. Internally, both integers are converted to binary. When corresponding bits are compared, the result is 1 if either bit is 1;...
Page 341 Outpt( Outpt( Displays string beginning at row and column, where ‡ program editor I/O menu 1 row 8 and 1 column 21. Outpt( Displays value beginning at the specified row and column. Outpt("CBLSEND", Sends the contents of listName to the CBL or CBR System.
Page 342 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference P2Reg P2Reg xList Performs a second order polynomial regression using STAT CALC menu real data pairs in xList and yList and frequencies in frequencyList. The regression equation is stored to Built-in equation variables equationVariable, which must be a built-in equation such as y1, r1, and xt1 are variable such as...
Page 343 P2Reg Uses equation to P3Reg P3Reg xList STAT CALC menu Performs a third order polynomial regression using real data pairs in xList and yList and frequencies in frequencyList. The regression equation is stored to Built-in equation variables equationVariable, which must be a built-in equation such as y1, r1, and xt1 are variable such as case-sensitive.
Page 344 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference P3Reg equationVariable Uses frequencyList, respectively. These built-in variables must contain valid data of the same dimension; otherwise, an error occurs. The regression equation is stored to equationVariable and P3Reg Uses equation to P4Reg P4Reg xList...
Page 345 P4Reg xList Uses frequencies of 1, and stores the regression equation to P4Reg equationVariable Uses frequencyList, respectively. These built-in variables must contain valid data of the same dimension; otherwise, an error occurs. The regression equation is stored to equationVariable and P4Reg Uses equation to...
Page 346 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Pause Suspends program execution until the user presses Percent: number MATH MISC menu Returns a real number or expression divided by 100. pEval( pEval( coefficientList Returns the value of a polynomial (whose coefficients MATH MISC menu are given in coefficientList) at xValue.
Page 347 Scatter plot ® Plot1( Plot1(1, Plot2( Plot1(1, Plot3( Defines and selects the plot using real data pairs in xListName and yListName. † STAT PLOT menu The optional mark specifies the character used to plot the points. If you omit mark, a box is used. The syntax and descriptions to the right mark:...
Page 348 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Sets polar graphing mode. † mode screen 4Pol complexNumber CPLX menu Displays complexNumber in polar form (magnitudeangle), regardless of the complex number mode. list 4Pol matrix 4Pol vector Returns a list, matrix, or vector in which each element of the argument is displayed in polar form.
Page 349 poly poly coefficientList † - v Returns a list containing the real and complex roots of a polynomial whose coefficients are given in coefficientList. Power: number Returns number raised to power. The arguments can be real or complex. listA listB Returns a list in which each element of listA is raised to the power specified by the corresponding element in listB.
Page 350 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference list Returns a list in which each element is 10 raised to the power specified by the corresponding element in list. prod prod list LIST OPS menu Returns the product of all real or complex elements in list.
Page 351 PwrR PwrR xList Fits a power regression model (y=ax STAT CALC menu data pairs in xList and yList, using frequencies in frequencyList. The regression equation is stored to Built-in equation variables equationVariable, which must be a built-in equation such as y1, r1, and xt1 are variable such as case-sensitive.
Page 352 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference PwrR Uses equation to PxChg( PxChg( Reverses the pixel at (row, column), where 0 row 62 GRAPH DRAW menu and 0 column 126. PxOff( PxOff( Erases the pixel at (row, column), where 0 row 62 GRAPH DRAW menu and 0 ...
Page 353 Radian Radian † - m Sets radian angle mode. Radian entry: number MATH ANGLE menu Designates a real number or expression as radians, regardless of the angle mode setting. list Designates each element in a real list as radians. rand rand Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
Page 354 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference randInt( randInt( Returns a list of random integers bound by the specified MATH PROB menu (randIn shows on menu) integers, lower integer upper. The #ofTrials is an integer ‚ 1 that specifies the number of integers returned in the list.
Page 355 RcGDB RcGDB graphDataBaseName Restores all settings stored in graphDataBaseName. † GRAPH menu For a list of settings, refer to RcPic RcPic pictureName Displays the current graph and adds the picture stored † GRAPH menu in pictureName. real real ( complexNumber Returns the real part of complexNumber.
Page 356 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference complexList complexMatrix complexVector Returns a list, matrix, or vector in which each element of the argument is displayed in rectangular form. RectC RectC † mode screen Sets rectangular complex number mode (real,imaginary).
Page 357 Repeat :Repeat commands-to-repeat ‡ program editor :End CTL menu commands (Repea shows on menu) Executes commands-to-repeat until condition is true. Return Return ‡ program editor In a subroutine, exits the subroutine and returns to the CTL menu calling program. In the main program, stops execution (Retur shows and returns to the home screen.
Page 358 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference rnorm rnorm matrix Returns the row norm of a real or complex matrix. For MATRX MATH menu each row, of complex elements) of all elements on that row. The returned value is the largest of the sums. rnorm vector Returns the largest absolute value (or magnitude) in a...
Page 359 rotL rotL integer Returns a real integer with bits rotated one to the left. BASE BIT menu Internally, integer is represented as a 16-bit binary number. When the bits are rotated left, the leftmost bit rotates to the rightmost bit. rotL rotL hexadecimal numbers...
Page 360 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference round( round( number round( number MATH NUM menu Returns a real or complex number rounded to the specified #ofDecimals (0 to 11). If #ofDecimals is omitted, number is rounded to 12 decimal places. round( list round(...
Page 361 Scatter Scatter xList Draws a scatter plot on the current graph, using the real † STAT DRAW menu (Scatte shows data pairs in xList and yList. on menu) Scatter Uses the data in built-in variables variables must contain valid data of the same dimension;...
Page 362 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Select( Select( xListName If a scatter plot or xyline plot is currently selected and LIST OPS menu plotted on the graph screen, you can select a subset (range) of those data points. The selected data points are stored to xListName and yListName.
Page 363 seq( seq( expression Returns a list containing a sequence of numbers created MATH MISC menu by evaluating expression from variable = begin to variable = end in increments of step. seq( expression Uses a step of 1. SeqG SeqG Sets sequential graphing format, in which selected †...
Page 364 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Shade( Shade( lowerFunc Draws lowerFunc and upperFunc in terms of GRAPH DRAW menu current graph and shades the area bounded by lowerFunc, upperFunc, xLeft, and xRight. The shading style is determined by pattern ( patternRes ( pattern: patternRes (resolution):...
Page 365 shftL shftL integer Returns a real integer with bits shifted one to the left. BASE BIT menu Internally, integer is represented as a 16-bit binary number. When the bits are shifted left, the leftmost bit is dropped and 0 is used as the rightmost bit. shftL shftL hexadecimal numbers...
Page 366 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference ShwSt ShwSt Displays the results of the most recent stat calculation. CATALOG sign sign number or MATH NUM menu Returns = 0. The argument must be real. list sign Returns a list in which each element is L1, 1, or 0 to indicate the sign of the corresponding element in list.
Page 367 angle or Returns the sine of angle or expression, which can be real or complex. An angle is interpreted as degrees or radians according to the current angle mode. In any angle mode, you can designate an angle as degrees or radians by using the menu.
Page 368 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference sinh sinh number or Returns the hyperbolic sine of number or expression, MATH HYP menu which can be real or complex. sinh list Returns a list in which each element is the hyperbolic sine of the corresponding element in list.
Page 369 (1 through 16) the TI-86 will attempt to find a solution. If omitted, 8 is used. Typically, larger values result in better accuracy but longer execution times, and vice versa.
Page 370 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference SinR [ iterations Uses These built-in variables must contain valid data of the same dimension; otherwise, an error occurs. The regression equation is stored to equationVariable and RegEq SinR [ iterations Uses SlpFld SlpFld...
Page 371 sortA SortA list Returns a list in which the real or complex elements of LIST OPS menu list are sorted in ascending order. sortD SortD list Returns a list in which the real or complex elements of LIST OPS menu list are sorted in descending order.
Page 372 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Sorty Uses built-in variables and yListName, respectively. These built-in variables must contain valid data of the same dimension; otherwise, an error occurs. 4Sph 4Sph vector Displays a 2- or 3-element vector as spherical VECTR OPS menu coordinates in [r ...
Page 373 ‡ list Returns a list in which element is the square root of the corresponding element in list. St4Eq( St4Eq( stringVariable STRNG menu Converts stringVariable to a number, expression, or equation, and stores it in equationVariable. To convert the string and retain the same variable name, you can set equationVariable equal to stringVariable.
Page 374 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference Stop Stop Ends program execution and returns to the home ‡ program editor CTL menu screen. ¶ Store to variable: number ¶ string ¶ list variable ¶ vector matrix Stores the specified argument to variable. StPic StPic pictureName...
Page 375 " String entry: " string " Defines a string. When you display a string, it is left- STRNG menu justified on the screen. ‡ program editor I/O menu Strings are interpreted as text characters, not numbers. For example, you cannot perform a calculation with strings such as "4"...
Page 376 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference listA listB matrixA vectorA Returns a list, matrix, or vector that is the result of each element in the second argument subtracted from the corresponding element in the first argument. The two real or complex arguments must have the same dimension.
Page 377 number or Returns the arctangent of number or expression, which can be real or complex. list Returns a list in which each element is the arctangent of the corresponding element in list. tanh tanh number or MATH HYP menu Returns the hyperbolic tangent of number or expression, which can be real or complex.
Page 378 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference TanLn( TanLn( expression Draws expression on the current graph and then draws GRAPH DRAW menu a tangent line at xValue. Text( Text( Writes a text string on the current graph beginning at †...
Page 379 Trace Trace Displays the current graph and lets the user trace a † GRAPH menu function. From a program, press b to stop tracing and continue with the program. Transpose: matrix MATRX MATH menu Returns a transposed real or complex matrix in which element row,column is swapped with element column,row of matrix.
Page 380 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference TwoVar TwoVar Performs two-variable statistical analysis on the real STAT CALC menu (TwoVa shows on menu) data pairs in xList and yList, using the frequencies in frequencyList. Values used for xList, yList, and frequencyList are stored automatically to the built-in variables yStat TwoVar...
Page 381 vc4li vc4li vector Returns a real or complex vector converted to a list. LIST OPS menu VECTR OPS menu Vector entry: element1 - „ and - … Defines a vector in which each element is a real or complex number or variable. Vert Vert xValue...
Page 382 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference integerA Compares two real integers bit by bit. Internally, both BASE BOOL menu integers are converted to binary. When corresponding bits are compared, the result is 1 if either bit (but not both) is 1;...
Page 383 ZData ZData Adjusts the window variable values based on the † GRAPH ZOOM menu currently defined statistical plots so that all stat data points will be plotted, and then updates the graph screen. Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference graphing mode: Func {1,2,3,4}¶XL b...
Page 384 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference ZDecm ZDecm Sets the window variable values such that † GRAPH ZOOM menu and then updates the graph screen with the origin centered on the screen. xMin=L6.3 xMax=6.3 xScl=1 One of the benefits of increments.
Page 385 ZFit ZFit Recalculates † GRAPH ZOOM menu and maximum between the current the graph screen. This does not affect Zooms in on the part of the graph centered around the † GRAPH ZOOM menu current cursor location. Zoom factors are set by the values of built-in variables xFact Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference to include the minimum...
Page 386 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference ZInt ZInt Sets the window variable values so that each pixel is an † GRAPH ZOOM menu integer in all directions ( and then updates the graph screen. The current cursor location becomes the center of the new graph.
Page 387 ZOut ZOut Zooms out to display more of the graph, centered † GRAPH ZOOM menu around the current cursor location. Zoom factors are set by the values of built-in variables xFact ZPrev ZPrev † GRAPH ZOOM menu Replots the graph using the window variable values of the graph that was displayed before you executed the previous Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference...
Page 388 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference ZRcl ZRcl Sets the window variables to values stored previously in † GRAPH ZOOM menu the user-defined zoom-window variables, and then updates the graph screen. To set user-defined zoom-window variables, either: ZSqr ZSqr †...
Page 389 ZStd ZStd Sets the window variables to the standard default † GRAPH ZOOM menu values, and then updates the graph screen. Func xMin=L10 xMax=10 xScl=1 qMin=0 qMax=6.28318530718 (2p) qStep=.130899693899… (p/24) xScl=1 Param tMin=0 tMax=6.28318530718 (2p) tStep=.130899693899… (p/24) xScl=1 DifEq tMin=0 tMax=6.28318530718 (2p) tStep=.130899693899…...
Page 390 Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference ZTrig ZTrig Sets the window variables to preset values appropriate † GRAPH ZOOM menu for plotting trig functions in xMin=L8.24668071567 xMax=8.24668071567 xScl=1.5707963267949 (p/2) Radian angle mode =p/24), and then updates the graph screen. yMin=L4 yMax=4 yScl=1...
Page 391: Appendix
Appendix TI-86 Menu Map... 380 Handling a Difficulty ... 392 Error Conditions... 393 Equation Operating System (EOSé) ... 397 TOL (The Tolerance Editor) Computational Accuracy... 399 Support and Service Information ... 400 Warranty Information ... 402 Appendix - ™ )... 398...
Page 392: Menu Map
Appendix TI-86 Menu Map This section presents the TI-86 menus as they appear on the TI-86 keyboard, starting at the top. If a menu has items that display other menus, the other menus follow directly below the main menu. In the program editor, the appearance of some menus changes slightly. The...
Page 393 6 in Pol graphing mode GRAPH Menu r(q)= WIND ZOOM TRACE GRAPH 4 MATH DRAW FORMT STGDB RCGDB 4 6 in Param graphing mode GRAPH Menu E(t)= WIND ZOOM TRACE GRAPH 4 MATH DRAW FORMT STGDB RCGDB 4 6 in DifEq graphing mode GRAPH Menu Q'(t)= WIND...
Page 394 Appendix GRAPH VARS (Graph Variables) Menu y(x)= GRAPH WIND (Window Variables) Menu y(x)= xMin GRAPH ZOOM Menu To display the GRAPH ZOOM y(x)= menu in mode, press DifEq 6 / ( . GRAPH MATH Menu DifEq graphing mode has no MATH DRAW FORMT STGDB RCGDB menu.
Page 395 GRAPH MATH Menu MATH DRAW FORMT STGDB RCGDB DIST GRAPH DRAW Menu MATH DRAW FORMT STGDB RCGDB is available only in DrInv Shade Func graphing mode. is available only in DrEqu graphing mode. DifEq SOLVER Menu GRAPH WIND ZOMM TRACE SOLVE TABLE Menu TABLE TBLST Table Screen Menu...
Page 396 Appendix PRGM Menu NAMES EDIT Program Editor Menu PAGE$ PAGE# PRGM IàO (InputàOutput) Menu PAGE$ PAGE# Input PRGM CTL (Control) Menu PAGE$ PAGE# POLY ENTRY Menu CLRq CUSTOM Menu Use the menu to CUSTOM create your own menu (Chapter 2). CATLG-VARS Menu CATLG CATLG-VARS Selection Menu...
Page 397 - † CALC Menu evalF nDer der1 der2 fnInt - ‰ MATRX Menu NAMES EDIT MATH CPLX - ‰ ( MATRX MATH Menu NAMES EDIT MATH CPLX norm eigVl eigVc rnorm cnorm - ‰ ) MATRX OPS (Operations) Menu NAMES EDIT MATH CPLX Fill...
Page 398 Appendix VECTR OPS (Operations) Menu NAMES EDIT VECTR CPLX Menu NAMES EDIT conj CPLX (Complex Number) Menu conj MATH Menu MATH NUM (Number) Menu round MATH PROB (Probability) Menu MATH ANGLE Menu ¡ - Š ) MATH CPLX 4Pol 4Cyl 4Sph 4Rec Fill...
Page 399 - Œ ) MATH HYP (Hyperbolic) Menu PROB ANGLE MISC sinh cosh tanh sinh cosh tanh MATH MISC (Miscellaneous) Menu PROB ANGLE MISC prod - ‘ CONS (Constants) Menu BLTIN EDIT USER CONS BLTIN (Built-In Constants) Menu BLTIN EDIT USER - ’...
Page 400 Appendix CONV VOL (Volume) Menu LNGTH AREA liter CONV TIME Menu LNGTH AREA CONV TEMP (Temperature) Menu LNGTH AREA ¡C CONV MASS Menu MASS FORCE PRESS ENRGY POWER CONV FORCE Menu MASS FORCE PRESS ENRGY POWER CONV PRESS (Pressure) Menu MASS FORCE PRESS ENRGY POWER CONV ENRGY (Energy) Menu MASS FORCE PRESS ENRGY POWER...
Page 401 - ’ / * CONV POWER Menu MASS FORCE PRESS ENRGY POWER ftlbàs calàs Btuàm - “ STRNG Menu " lngth Eq4St St4Eq - ” LIST Menu NAMES EDIT - ” ) List Editor Menu NAMES " 4 4REAL - ” * LIST OPS (Operations) Menu NAMES EDIT dimL...
Page 402 Appendix BASE BOOL (Boolean) Menu Õ-Ú TEST (Relational) Menu MEM (Memory) Menu MEM DELET (Delete) Menu MEM RESET Menu STAT (Statistics) Menu CALC When you press - š ' , the list editor and list STAT CALC (Calculations) Menu menu are displayed. CALC OneVa TwoVa - —...
Page 403 STAT PLOT Menu PLOT1 PLOT2 PLOT3 Plot Mark Menu PLOT1 PLOT2 PLOT3 › STAT DRAW Menu CALC HIST STAT VARS (Statistical Result Variables) Menu CALC CHAR (Character) Menu MISC GREEK INTL CHAR MISC (Miscellaneous) Menu , and are valid as the Ñ...
Page 404: Handling A Difficulty
If the busy indicator (dotted line) is displayed in the top-right corner, a graph or program has paused; the TI-86 is waiting for input. Press b to continue or press ^ to break. If the calculator does not seem to work at all, be sure the batteries are fresh and that they are installed properly.
Page 405: Error Conditions
Error Conditions When the TI-86 detects an error, it displays an error message Chapter 1 describes how to correct an error. This section describes possible causes for the errors and examples. To find the proper arguments for a function or instruction, as well as restrictions on those arguments, refer to Chapter 20: A to Z Function and Instruction Reference.
Page 406 Appendix 08 NUMBER BASE 09 MODE 10 DATA TYPE 11 ARGUMENT 12 DIM MISMATCH 13 DIMENSION 14 UNDEFINED 15 MEMORY 16 RESERVED 17 INVALID You entered an invalid digit in a number base, such as You attempted an operation that is not allowed in You attempted to store to a window variable of a noncurrent graphing mode.
Page 407 Window variables are too small or too large to graph correctly; for example, you attempted to zoom out beyond the calculator’s range. ZOOM operation resulted in an error; you attempted to define...
Page 408 Appendix 30 DIF EQ SETUP 31 DIF EQ MATH 32 POLY 33 TOL NOT MET 34 STAT PLOT 35 AXES 36 FLDàORDER 37 LINK MEMORY FULL 38 LINK TRANSMISSION ERROR 39 LINK DUPLICATE NAME DifEq graphing mode, equations in the equation editor must be from and each must have an associated initial condition from The step size used by the fitting algorithm has become too small;...
Page 409: Equation Operating System (Eosé)
Equation Operating System (EOS™) The Equation Operating System (EOS) governs the order of evaluation on the TI-86. Calculations within parentheses are evaluated first, and then EOS evaluates functions within an expression in this order: Within a priority level, EOS evaluates functions from left to right.
Page 410: Tol (The Tolerance Editor)
TOL (The Tolerance Editor) On the TI-86, the computational accuracy of some functions is controlled by the variables values stored to these variables may affect the speed at which the TI-86 calculates or plots.
Page 411: Computational Accuracy
Computational Accuracy To maximize accuracy, the TI-86 carries more digits internally than it displays. Values are stored in memory using up to 14 digits with a 3-digit exponent. You can store values up to 12 digits long to most window variables. To , you can store values up to 14 digits long.
Page 412: Support And Service Information
For technical questions, call the Programming Assistance Group of Customer Support: phone: 1.972.917.8324 Customers outside the U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands Contact TI by e-mail or visit the TI Calculator home page on the World Wide Web. e-mail: ti-cares@ti.com Internet: education.ti.com...
Page 413: Product Service
Customers outside the U.S. and Canada Refer to the leaflet enclosed with this product or contact your local Texas Instruments retailer/distributor. Other TI Products and Services Visit the TI Calculator home page on the World Wide Web. education.ti.com Appendix...
Page 414: Warranty Information
Software. Software is licensed, not sold. TI and its licensors do not warrant that the software will be free from errors or meet your specific requirements. All software is provided “AS IS.”...
Page 415: Australia & New Zealand Customers Only
(6) months, whichever is longer. Other than your cost to return the product, no charge will be made for such repair and/or replacement. TI strongly recommends that you insure the product for value if you mail it.
Page 416: All Customers Outside The U.s. And Canada
Appendix All Customers outside the U.S. and Canada For information about the length and terms of the warranty, refer to your package and/or to the warranty statement enclosed with this product, or contact your local Texas Instruments retailer/distributor.
Page 417 Index " (string), 216, 227 " (List Editor menu), 156 sy (statistical result variable), ! (factorial), 294 ¶, 362 % (percent), 52, 334 ‚ (greater than or equal to), 56, < (less than), 55, 312 (less than or equal to), 55, = (assign to), 270 = (equals), 290 == (relational equals), 55, 291...
Page 418 106 CLDRW (clear drawing), 103, 105, 273 clearing CUSTOM menu items, clearing ENTRY storage area, TI-86 settings, 39 ClLCD (clear LCD), 216, 273 ClrEnt (clear entry), 232, 273 ClTbl (clear table), 114, 216, cnorm (column norm), 183, 273...
Page 419 contrast conversions (continued) adjusting, 2, 18 4Rec, 343 4Sph, 360 CONV (Conversions) menu, 62 CONV AREA menu, 63 Eq4St, 227 CONV ENRGY (Energy) menu, li4vc, 160 St4Eq(, 227, 361 CONV FORCE menu, 64 vc4li, 160 CONV LNGTH (Length) menu, converting a value expressed as a rate, 65 CONV MASS menu, 64 converting Fahrenheit to...
Page 420 Index DELf (delete function), 77 differential equations (continued) DELi (delete element), 170 graphing, 132, 137, 139, 141, DELr (delete row), 179 Deltalst( (delta list), 160, 279 initial conditions editor, 136 DelVar( (delete variable), 219, mode, 144 Q'n equation variables, 135 der1( (first derivative), 54, 280 setting axes, 137 der2( (second derivative), 54,...
Page 421 179 storing to a variable, 210 Else, 218, 306 equation editor, 74, 75, 76, 80 e-mail address (TI Customer entering a function, 77 Support), 392 graph styles, 77 End, 218, 290, 297, 306 parametric, 126...
Page 422 Index FMAX (function maximum), 96, full cursor, 22 Func (function mode), 35, 74, fMax( (function maximum), 54, 239, 299 function graphs, 73, 74 FMIN (function minimum), 96, mode, 35 functions, 25, 38 fMin( (function minimum), 54, deleting, 77 deselecting, 13 fnInt( (function integral), 54, drawing, 107 entering, 25...
Page 423 6 inter( (interpolate), 309 interactive-solver editor, 204 bounds, 204 international letters, 46 Internet downloading programs, 235 e-mail address (TI Customer Support), 392 Index interpolate/extrapolate editor, interrupting a calculation, 26 interrupting a graph, 26, 27 interrupting a program, 222 inverse, 309...
Page 424 Index last answer, 28, 29 list, 29, 43, 52 storing to variable, 3 as an argument, 161 last entry, 26, 28 attached formulas, 165 Lbl (label), 219, 224, 311 attaching formula, 162, 166 lcm( (least common multiple), braces { }, 316 52, 311 comparing, 163 LCust( (load custom menu),...
Page 425 MATRX MATH menu, 183 menus (continued) MATRX NAMES menu, 178 in editors, 33 MATRX OPS (Operations) keys, 32 menu, 184 lower, 32 max(, 49, 160, 319 removing, 6, 33 maximum characters, 22 selecting items, 32 maxX, 193 upper, 33 maxY, 193 menu map, 380 MBox, 319 Menu(, 219, 320...
Page 426 Param (parametric mode), 35, percent (%), 334 239, 333 permutations of items, 50 parametric equation pEval(, 52, 334 deleting, 127 phone (TI Customer Support), graphing, 126 selecting and deselecting, pi, 59 PIC (picture names), 43 parametric graphs, 74 PIC variable...
Page 427 reusing, 28 prompts, 22 PRGM (program names), 43 Eval x=, 76 PRGM CTL menu, 218 Name=, 22, 39, 76 PRGM I/O (Input/Output) menu, Rcl, 42 Sto, 212 PRGM menu, 214 PTCHG, 105 prod (product), 52, 160, 338 PtChg(, 338 program editor, 214 PTOFF, 105, 108 menus and screens, 215, 220 PtOff(, 338...
Page 428 Index RECV (LINK SND85 menu), 240 rref (reduced row echelon), redefining user-created 184, 348 constants, 60 rSwap( (row swap), 184, 348 ref (row echelon form), 184, running a program, 221 regression models, 191 relational functions, 55, 56 Scatter (stat plot type), 349 RENAM (rename), 241 Sci (scientific notation), 20, 34, Repeat (PRGM CTL menu),...
Page 429 112, 113 syntax of function, 25 TEST menu, 55 syntax of instruction, 25 TEXT, 105 Text(, 366 Then, 218, 305, 306 TI-GRAPH LINK, 235 (transpose), 367 tMax, 127, 136 table, 110 tMin, 127, 136 clearing, 114 TOL (Tolerance Editor), 398...
Page 430 239 copying, 41 transpose ( ), 367 creating, 39 tStep, 127, 136, 138 deleting, 45 turning off TI-86, 2, 17 displaying, 41 turning on TI-86, 2, 17 in expressions, 4 TwoVa (TwoVar), 189, 368 in table screen, 111 names, 44...
Page 431 xyline, 370 ZDECM (GRAPH ZOOM menu), ZFACT (ZOOM FACTOR), 92, y variable, 77 ZFit, 129, 373 y(x)=, 75 ZFIT (GRAPH ZOOM menu), 92 YICPT (y-intercept), 96, 100 ZIn (zoom in), 373 yScl (scale), 81 ZIN (zoom in), 92, 208 yStat (y-variable list), 189 ZInt, 374 ZINT (GRAPH ZOOM menu), 92 ZOOM, 14, 75, 88...

This manual is also suitable for:

Ti-86 - viewscreen calculator

Texas Instruments TI-86 Manual Book

TI-86 Quick Start

Chapter 1: Operating the TI-86

Chapter 2 The CATALOG, Variables, and Characters

Chapter 3 Math, Calculus, and Test Operations

Chapter 4: Constants, Conversions, Bases, and Complex Numbers

Chapter 5: Function Graphing

Chapter 6: Graph Tools

Chapter 7: Tables

Chapter 8: Polar Graphing

Chapter 9: Parametric Graphing

Chapter 10: Differential Equation Graphing

Chapter 11: Lists

Quick Links

Related Manuals for Texas Instruments TI-86

Summary of Contents for Texas Instruments TI-86