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TI -82 Manual Book

Graphing calculator
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TI-GRAPH LINK, Calculator-Based Laboratory, CBL, CBL 2, Calculator-Based Ranger,
CBR, Constant Memory, Automatic Power Down, APD, and EOS are trademarks of
Texas Instruments Incorporated.
Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
© 1993, 2000, 2001 Texas Instruments Incorporated.

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Summary of Contents for TI TI-82

  • Page 1 TI-GRAPH LINK, Calculator-Based Laboratory, CBL, CBL 2, Calculator-Based Ranger, CBR, Constant Memory, Automatic Power Down, APD, and EOS are trademarks of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. © 1993, 2000, 2001 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
  • Page 2 Important Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an “as-is” basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents This manual describes how to use the TI.82 Graphing Calculator. Getting Started gives a quick overview of its features. The first chapter gives general instructions on operating the TI.82. Other chapters describe its interactive features. The applications in Chapter 14 show how to use these features together.
  • Page 4 Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations Getting Started: Lottery Chances ... Keyboard Math Operations ... MATH MATH MATH NUM MATH HYP MATH PRB Operations ... ANGLE TEST TEST TEST LOGIC Chapter 3: Function Graphing Getting Started: Graphing a Circle ... Defining a Graph ...
  • Page 5 Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing Getting Started: Forest and Trees ... Defining and Displaying a Sequence Graph ... Exploring a Sequence Graph ... Chapter 7: Tables Getting Started: Roots of a Function ... Defining the Variables ... Defining the Dependent Variable ... Displaying the Table ...
  • Page 6 Chapter 10: Matrices Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations ... Defining a Matrix ... Viewing Matrix Elements ... Editing Matrix Elements ... About Matrices ... Matrix Math Functions ... 10-10 MATRIX MATH Chapter 11: Lists Getting Started: Generating Sequences ... About Lists ...
  • Page 7 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus ... 14-18 Finding the Area between Curves ... 14-20 Chapter 15: Memory Management Checking Available Memory ... Deleting Items from Memory ... Resetting the TI.82 ... Chapter 16: Communication Link Getting Started: Sending Variables ... TI.82 LINK Selecting Items to Send ...

  • Page 8: Using This Guidebook Effectively

    Using this Guidebook Effectively The structure of the TI.82 guidebook and the design of its pages can help you find the information you need quickly. Consistent presentation techniques are used throughout to make the guidebook easy to use. Structure of the Guidebook The guidebook contains sections that teach you how to use the calculator.
  • Page 9 Information-Mapping Conventions Several conventions are used to present information concisely and in an easily referenced format. ¦ Numbered procedures—A procedure is a sequence of steps that performs a task. In this guidebook, each step is numbered in the order in which it is performed. No other text in the guidebook is numbered; therefore, when you see numbered text, you know you must perform the steps sequentially.

  • Page 10: Glossary

    An instruction, which may have arguments, initiates an action. Instructions are not valid in expressions. A list is a set of values that the TI.82 can use for activities such List as graphing a family of curves, evaluating a function at multiple values, and entering statistical data.

  • Page 11: Getting Started: Do This First

    Getting Started contains two keystroke-by-keystroke examples, an interest rate problem and a volume problem, that introduce you to some principal operating and graphing features of the TI.82. You will learn to use the TI.82 much more quickly by completing both of these examples first.
  • Page 12 TI-82 Menus To leave the keyboard uncluttered, the TI.82 uses full-screen menus to access many additional operations. The use of specific menus is described in the appropriate chapters. Displaying a Menu When you press a key that accesses a menu, such as , that menu screen temporarily replaces the...

  • Page 13: First Steps

    First Steps Before beginning these sample problems, follow the steps on this page to reset the TI.82 to its factory settings. (Resetting the TI.82 erases all previously entered data.) This ensures that following the keystrokes in this section produces the illustrated actions.

  • Page 14: Entering A Calculation: Compound Interest

    Using trial and error, determine when an amount invested at 6% annual compounded interest will double in value. The TI.82 displays up to 8 lines of 16 characters so you see an expression and its solution at the same time. You also can store values to variables, enter multiple instructions on one line, and recall previous entries.
  • Page 15 The next guess should be greater than 10 years. Make the next guess 12 years. Press } to move the cursor over the . Press Í to evaluate the to change expression. To display answers in a format more appropriate for calculations involving money, press z to display the Press †...

  • Page 16: Defining A Function: Box With Lid

    Defining a Function: Box with Lid Take a 200×250 mm. sheet of paper and cut X-by-X squares from two corners and X-by-125 mm. rectangles from the other two corners. Now fold the paper into a box with lid. What X would give the maximum volume V of a box made in this way? Use tables and graphs to determine the solution.

  • Page 17: Defining A Table Of Values

    Defining a Table of Values The table feature of the TI.82 provides numeric information about a function. Use a table of values from the previously defined function to estimate an answer to the problem. 1. Press y ã ä (above p) to display the TblSet menu.

  • Page 18: Zooming In On The Table

    Zooming In on the Table You can adjust the way a table is displayed to get more detailed information about any defined function. By varying the value of @Tbl, you can “zoom in” on the table. 1. Adjust the table setup to get a more accurate estimate of the maximum size of the cutout.
  • Page 19 4. Press y ã ä. Press TblSet Í to set Press 5. Press y ã ä and use † and } to scroll the TABLE table. 6. Press † and } to move the cursor. The maximum value of 7. Press ~ to display the value of precision, 410264.064 maximum volume of the box if you could cut...

  • Page 20: Changing The Viewing Window

    Changing the Viewing WINDOW The viewing WINDOW defines the portion of the coordinate plane that appears in the display. The values of the WINDOW variables determine the size of the viewing WINDOW. You can view and change these values. 1. Press p to display the edit screen.

  • Page 21: Displaying And Tracing The Graph

    Displaying and Tracing the Graph Now that you have defined the function to be graphed and the WINDOW in which to graph it, you can display and explore the graph. You can trace along a function with TRACE. 1. Press s to graph the selected function in the viewing WINDOW The graph of...

  • Page 22: Zooming In On The Graph

    ZOOM instructions to help identify maximums, minimums, roots, and intersections of functions. 1. Press q to display the This menu is typical of TI.82 menus. To select an item, you may either press the number to the left of the item, or you may press † until the item number is highlighted and then press Í.

  • Page 23: Finding The Calculated Maximum

    Finding the Calculated Maximum You can use a CALC operation to calculate a local maximum of a function. 1. Press y ã ä to display the CALC menu. Press to select The graph is displayed again, with a prompt for Lower Bound? 2.

  • Page 24: Other Features

    Other Features Getting Started introduced you to basic calculator operation and the table and function graphing features of the TI.82. The remainder of this guidebook describes these features in more detail and also covers other capabilities of the TI.82. Graphing You can store, graph, and analyze up to ten functions (Chapter 3), up to six parametric functions (Chapter 4), and up to six polar functions (Chapter 5).

  • Page 25: Chapter 1: Operating The

    Chapter 1: Operating the TI-82 This chapter describes the TI.82 and provides general information about its operation. Chapter Contents Turning the TI.82 On and Off ... Setting the Display Contrast ... The Display ... Entering Expressions and Instructions ... TI.82 Edit Keys ...

  • Page 26: Turning The Ti.82 On And Off

    Turning the TI-82 On and Off To turn the TI.82 on, press the É key. To turn it off, press and release y and then press M. After about five minutes without any activity, APDé (Automatic Power Down™) turns the TI.82 off automatically.

  • Page 27: Setting The Display Contrast

    The brightness and contrast of the display depends on room lighting, battery freshness, viewing angle, and adjustment of the display contrast. The contrast setting is retained in memory when the TI.82 is turned off. Adjusting the Display Contrast You can adjust the display contrast to suit your viewing angle and lighting conditions at any time.

  • Page 28: The Display

    Displaying Entries and Answers When text is displayed, the TI.82 screen can have up to eight lines of up to 16 characters per line. If all lines of the display are filled, text “scrolls” off the top of the display. If an expression on the Home screen, the (Chapter 3), or the program editor (Chapter 13) is longer than one line, it wraps to the beginning of the next line.
  • Page 29 Busy Indicator When the TI.82 is calculating or graphing, a moving vertical bar shows in the upper right of the display as a busy indicator. (When you pause a graph or a program, the busy indicator is a dotted bar.)

  • Page 30: Entering Expressions And Instructions

    Entering Expressions and Instructions On the TI.82, you can enter expressions, which return a value, in most places where a value is required. You enter instructions, which initiate an action, on the Home screen or in the program editor (Chapter 13).
  • Page 31 (page 1.10) and the size of the number. MODE ÷ at the end of the name. For min(5,8) ERR:BREAK Quit ‡ , and were the ClrDraw is an instruction requires three Circle( screen is shown. Goto Operating the TI.82 1-7...

  • Page 32: Ti.82 Edit Keys

    TI-82 Edit Keys ~ or | Moves the cursor within an expression. These keys repeat. } or † Moves the cursor between lines. These keys repeat. On top line of an expression on the Home screen, } moves the ¦...

  • Page 33: Setting Modes

    Setting Modes Modes control how numbers and graphs are displayed and interpreted. MODE settings are retained by Constant Memoryé when the TI.82 is turned off. All numbers, including elements of matrices and lists, are displayed according to the current MODE settings.

  • Page 34: Ti.82 Modes

    TI-82 Modes The TI.82 has seven MODE settings. Three are related to how numeric entries are interpreted or displayed and four are related to how graphs appear in the display. Modes are set on the MODE screen (page 1.9). Normal, Sci, Eng Notation formats affect only how an answer is displayed on the Home screen.
  • Page 35 Radian, Degree Angle settings control how the TI.82 interprets angle values in trig functions and polar/rectangular conversions. interprets the values as radians. Answers display in radians. Radian Degree interprets the values as degrees. Answers display in degrees. Func, Par, Pol, Seq...

  • Page 36: Variable Names

    Variable Names On the TI.82 you can enter and use several types of data, including real numbers, matrices, lists, functions, stat plots, graph databases, and graph pictures. Variables and Defined Items The TI.82 uses preassigned names for variables and other items saved in memory.

  • Page 37: Storing And Recalling Variable Values

    To leave is copied to the cursor location. ä and select the type and name of the function. without recalling a value, press ‘. Operating the TI.82 1-13...

  • Page 38: Last Entry

    When you press Í on the Home screen to evaluate an expression or execute an instruction, the expression or instruction is stored in a storage area called Last Entry, which you can recall. When you turn the TI.82 off, Last Entry is retained in memory.
  • Page 39 Í Í Accessing a Previous Entry The TI.82 retains as many of the previous entries as is possible (up to a total of 128 bytes) in the entries by continuing to press y ã 128 bytes, it is retained for Last Entry storage area.)

  • Page 40: Last Answer

    When an expression is evaluated successfully from the Home screen or from a program, the TI.82 stores the answer to a variable, Ans (Last Answer). Ans may be a real number, a list, or a matrix. When you turn the TI.82 off, the value in Ans is retained in memory.
  • Page 41 TI-82 Menus To leave the keyboard uncluttered, the TI.82 uses full-screen menus to access many operations. The use of specific menus is described in the appropriate chapters. Moving from One Menu to Another A menu key may access more than one menu. The names of the menus appear on the top line.
  • Page 42  . Press  to display the 1. Press 2. To select ‡ , you may either press and then press Í to evaluate the expression. 3. Press 1-18 Operating the TI.82 menu. MATH or press † † † Í.

  • Page 43: Vars And Y-Vars Menus

    ä. The VARS Y-VARS Picture... , a single menu is displayed. variables such as , graph ZXmin Pic2 , statistics variables TblMin variables variables menu. functions n functions Y-VARS menu is displayed. Polar... , for example. Operating the TI.82 1-19 Xmin...
  • Page 44 EOS™ (Equation Operating System) The Equation Operating System (EOSé) defines the order in which functions in expressions are entered and evaluated on the TI.82. EOS lets you enter numbers and functions in a simple, straightforward sequence. Order of Evaluation A function returns a value. EOS evaluates the functions in an expression in...
  • Page 45 Negation To enter a negative number, use the negation function. Press Ì and then enter the number. On the TI.82, negation is in the fourth group in the EOS hierarchy. Functions in the first group, such as squaring, are evaluated before negation.

  • Page 46: Error Conditions

    Error Conditions The TI.82 detects any errors at the time it evaluates an expression, executes an instruction, plots a graph, or stores a value. Calculations stop and an error message with a menu displays immediately. Error codes and conditions are described in detail in Appendix B.
  • Page 47 Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations This chapter describes math, angle, and relational operations that are available on the TI.82. The most commonly used functions are accessed from the keyboard; others are accessed through full-screen menus. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Lottery Chances ...

  • Page 48: Getting Started: Lottery Chances

    3. To calculate the probability of winning with one ¥ y ã ticket, press expressed in scientific notation on the TI.82 because it is so small. The decimal equivalent is 0.00000007151123842. 4. To calculate the probability of winning with five tickets, press ¯...

  • Page 49: Keyboard Math Operations

    Keyboard Math Operations The most commonly used math functions are on the keyboard. Using Lists with Functions Functions that are valid for lists return a list calculated on an element-by- element basis. If two lists are used in the same expression, they must be the same length.
  • Page 50 (absolute value) returns the absolute value of a number, expression, list, or matrix (Chapter 10). value p (Pi) Pi is stored as a constant in the TI.82. Press y ã the cursor location. The number 3.1415926535898 is used internally in calculations. 2-4 Math, Angle, and Test Operations (power of ten y ã...

  • Page 51: Math Math Operations

    MATH MATH Operations To display the MATH MATH menu, press . When you select an item from the menu, the name is copied to the cursor location. Functions that are valid for lists return a list calculated on an element-by-element basis. MATH MATH Menu MATH NUM HYP PRB 1: 8Frac...
  • Page 52 (Cube) (cube, MATH MATH or square matrix (Chapter 10). value ‡ (Cube Root) ‡ (cube root, MATH MATH expression, or list. ‡ value ‡ (Root) ‡ (root, MATH MATH expression, or list. ‡ root value fMin(, fMax( fMin( (function minimum, maximum, MATH MATH maximum value of expression with respect to variable occurs, between...
  • Page 53 nDeriv( nDeriv( (numerical derivative, derivative of expression with respect to variable, given the value at which to calculate the derivative, and H (optional; if none is specified, 1 used). nDeriv( expression nDeriv( expression nDeriv( uses the symmetric difference quotient method, which approximates the numerical derivative value as the slope of the secant line through the points: (value–H, expression(value–H)) and...
  • Page 54 Controlling the Solution for solve( The TI.82 solves equations through an iterative process. To control that process, you should provide a close bound of the solution and at least one initial guess (which must be within the bounds).

  • Page 55: Math Num (Number) Operations

    MATH NUM (Number) Operations To display the MATH NUM menu, press  ~. When you select an item from the menu, the name is copied to the cursor location. Functions that are valid for lists return a list calculated on an element-by-element basis. MATH NUM Menu MATH NUM HYP PRB 1: round(...
  • Page 56 (greatest integer) returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number, expression, list, or matrix. The value is the same as nonnegative numbers and negative integers, but one integer less than for negative noninteger numbers. value min(, max( min( (minimum value) returns the smaller of valueA or valueB or the smallest element in a list.

  • Page 57: Math Hyp (Hyperbolic) Operations

    MATH HYP (Hyperbolic) Operations To display the MATH HYP menu, press  ~ ~. When you select an item from the menu, the name is copied to the cursor location. Functions that are valid for lists return a list calculated on an element-by-element basis. MATH HYP Menu MATH NUM HYP PRB...

  • Page 58: Math Prb (Probability) Operations

    (factorial) returns the factorial of a positive integer between 0 and 69. value 2-12 Math, Angle, and Test Operations Random number generator Number of permutations Number of combinations Factorial rand , the TI.82 uses the factory-set seed value. When rand is set to the factory seed.

  • Page 59: Angle Operations

    For example, enter MODE setting must be for the TI.82 to interpret the argument as degrees, minutes, and seconds. (Radians) (radian) lets you designate angle as radian, regardless of the current angle MODE setting. angle may be a list.
  • Page 60 2-14 Math, Angle, and Test Operations setting must be Degree MODE 8DMS , and , given X and Y rectangular coordinate , and , given R and q polar coordinate values. for the TI.82 to is valid only at R8Pq( converts P8Ry( converts...

  • Page 61: Test Test (Relational) Operations

    EOS rules, and then it compares 4 to 5. ¦ The expression relational test because it is in parentheses, and then it adds 2, 1, and 3. returns . The TI.82 does the addition first 2+2=2+3 2+(2=2)+3 returns . The TI.82 first performs the...

  • Page 62: Test Logic (Boolean) Operations

    TEST LOGIC (Boolean) Operations To display the TEST LOGIC menu, press y : ~. When you select from the menu, the name is copied to the cursor location. TEST LOGIC Menu TEST LOGIC True if: Both values are nonzero (true) 1: and At least one value is nonzero (true) 2: or...

  • Page 63: Chapter 3: Function Graphing

    Chapter 3: Function Graphing This chapter describes function graphing on the TI.82 in detail. It also lays the foundation for using the other graphing features of the TI.82. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Graphing a Circle ... Defining a Graph ...

  • Page 64: Getting Started: Graphing A Circle

    =‡(100–X The bottom half of the circle is defined by =M‡(100–X . However, on the TI.82 you can define one function in terms of another, so to , press Ì y ã define variables menu) (to select 2.

  • Page 65: Defining A Graph

    Exploring a Graph Once you have defined a graph, you can display it and then use several tools of the TI.82 to explore the behavior of the function or functions. These tools are described later in this chapter. Saving a Graph You can store the elements that define the current graph in one of six graph databases (Chapter 8).

  • Page 66: Setting Graph Modes

    ¦ (sequence graphing) To graph functions, you must select of graphing on the TI.82 are described in this chapter. Differences in parametric graphing (Chapter 4), polar graphing (Chapter 5), and sequence graphing (Chapter 6) are described in those chapters. Radian...

  • Page 67: Defining Functions In The Y= List

    Defining Functions in the Y= List Pressing o accesses the Y= edit screen, where you enter the functions to graph. You can store up to ten functions in memory at one time. You can graph one or more of these functions at a time. Displaying the Functions in the Y= List Press o to display the functions are defined.
  • Page 68 4. Press Í to complete the instruction. " expression "!Y When the instruction is executed, the TI.82 stores the expression to the list, selects the function, and displays the message Evaluating Y= Functions in Expressions You can the calculate the value of a...

  • Page 69: Selecting Functions

    Selecting Functions Only functions that are selected are graphed. Up to ten functions may be selected at one time. Turning a Function “On” or “Off” You select and deselect (“turn on” and “turn off”) functions on the screen. The = sign on a selected function is highlighted. To change the selection status of a function: edit screen is not displayed, press o to display the functions.

  • Page 70: Defining The Viewing Window

    To turn off the tick marks, set Xscl=0 Yscl=0 3-8 Function Graphing of the TI.82 is the portion of the coordinate plane Xmax Ymin , and Ymax . The distance between tick marks...
  • Page 71 5. Select the WINDOW the variable is copied to the cursor location where you are editing. 6. Press Í to complete the instruction. When the instruction is executed, the TI.82 stores the value in the variable. WINDOW Note: You can use a steps 3, 4, and 5.

  • Page 72: Setting Window Format

    Setting WINDOW FORMAT WINDOW FORMAT determines how a graph appears on the display. WINDOW FORMAT settings apply to all graphing modes. Checking WINDOW FORMAT To display the WINDOW FORMAT settings are highlighted. WINDOW FORMAT RectGC PolarGC CoordOn CoordOff GridOff GridOn AxesOn AxesOff LabelOff...

  • Page 73: Displaying A Graph

    Displaying a Graph Pressing s graphs any functions selected on the Y= edit screen. The current MODE settings apply, and the current values of the WINDOW variables define the viewing WINDOW. Displaying a New Graph Press s to display the graph of the selected function or functions. (Some operations, such as the graph automatically.) As a graph is plotted, the busy indicator is on and are updated.
  • Page 74 Graphing a Family of Curves If you enter a list (Chapter 11) as an element in an expression, the TI.82 plots the function for each value in the list, graphing a family of curves. (In , it graphs all functions for the first element, and so on.)

  • Page 75: Exploring A Graph With The Free-Moving Cursor

    Exploring a Graph with the Free-Moving Cursor While a graph is displayed, you can move the free-moving cursor anywhere on the graph and display the coordinates of any location on the graph. Free-Moving Cursor You can use |, ~, }, or † to move the cursor around the graph. When you first display the graph, no cursor is visible.

  • Page 76: Exploring A Graph With Trace

    Beginning a Trace Press r to begin a trace. If the graph is not displayed already, the TI.82 displays it. The cursor is on the first selected function in the middle value on the screen.
  • Page 77 Moving from Function to Function To trace another selected function on the graph, use † or } to move the cursor to that function. The cursor movement is based on the order of the selected functions in the graphed on the screen. The cursor moves to the new function at the same value.

  • Page 78: Exploring A Graph With Zoom

    Exploring a Graph with ZOOM Pressing q accesses a menu that allows you to adjust the viewing WINDOW of the graph quickly in a variety of ways. All of the ZOOM commands are accessible from programs. ZOOM Menu ZOOM MEMORY 1: ZBox 2: Zoom In 3: Zoom Out...
  • Page 79 2. Move the cursor to the point that you want as the center of the new viewing WINDOW The TI.82 adjusts the viewing WINDOW the cursor location. 3. To zoom in on the graph again: To zoom in at the same point, press Í.
  • Page 80 ZDecimal replots the functions immediately, updating the ZDecimal variables to preset values that set value of each pixel as one decimal. Xmin = M4.7 Xmax = 4.7 Xscl = 1 ZSquare ZSquare replots the functions immediately, redefining the on the current WINDOW that @X=@Y...

  • Page 81: Using Zoom Memory

    Using ZOOM MEMORY ZPrevious allows you to return to the WINDOW displayed prior to the previous ZOOM. ZoomSto stores the values of the current WINDOW variables to user- defined ZOOM MEMORY variables. ZoomRcl changes the WINDOW to the values stored with ZoomSto. ZOOM MEMORY Menu ZOOM MEMORY 1: ZPrevious...

  • Page 82: Setting Zoom Factors

    Setting ZOOM FACTORS The ZOOM FACTORS, XFact and YFact, determine the extent of the change for the viewing window created by Zoom In or Zoom Out on a graph. ZOOM FACTORS ZOOM FACTORS than or equal to 1. They define the magnification or reduction factor used Zoom In Zoom Out Checking XFact and YFact...

  • Page 83: Using Calc (Calculate) Operations

    Using CALC (Calculate) Operations Pressing y ã ä (above r) accesses a menu with operations you can use CALC to analyze the current graph functions. You are prompted to specify the function(s), interval, and point. CALCULATE Menu CALCULATE 1: value 2: root 3: minimum 4: maximum...
  • Page 84 The current graph is displayed, with a CALC Lower Bound value you want for the lower bound of the indicator at the top of the display shows to help the TI.82 find the correct root Guess CoordOff on the WINDOW FORMAT...
  • Page 85 minimum, maximum minimum CALC maximum of a function in a specified interval to a tolerance of 1 1. Select minimum is displayed. 2. Set Lower Bound The result cursor is on the solution and the coordinate values are displayed (even if you have selected When you press |, ~, }, or †, the free-moving cursor appears.
  • Page 86 dy/dx (numerical derivative, dy/dx (slope) of a function at a point with H = 1 1. Select dy/dx from the 2. Move the cursor to the derivative and press Í. The result cursor is on the solution and the coordinate values are displayed (even if you have selected When you press |, ~, }, or †, the free-moving cursor appears.

  • Page 87: Chapter 4: Parametric Graphing

    Chapter 4: Parametric Graphing This chapter describes how to graph parametric equations on the TI.82. Before doing parametric graphing, you should be familiar with Chapter 3, Function Graphing. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Path of a Ball ... Defining and Displaying a Parametric Graph ...

  • Page 88: Getting Started: Path Of A Ball

    Getting Started: Path of a Ball Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Graph the parametric equation that describes the position of a ball kicked at an angle of 60¡ with an initial velocity of 15 meters per second. (Ignore air resistance.) What is the maximum height? When does the ball strike the ground? 1.

  • Page 89: Defining And Displaying A Parametric Graph

    , press o to display the parametric graphing to enter the two Func components in a pair. ä, to enter the parametric variable variables or enter the edit components. TI.82 has . You may press „, Parametric Graphing 4-3...
  • Page 90 Selecting Parametric Equations Only the selected parametric equations are graphed. The components of selected equations is highlighted. You may select any or all of the equations on the parametric To change the selection status of a parametric equation, press | to move the cursor onto the The status on both the Note: When you enter both components of an equation or edit either...
  • Page 91 Setting the WINDOW FORMAT Press p ~ to display the current formats are shared with the other graphing modes. Displaying a Graph When you press s, the TI.82 plots the selected parametric equations. It evaluates both the Tmax in intervals of...

  • Page 92: Exploring A Parametric Graph

    Exploring a Parametric Graph As in Function graphing, three tools are available for exploring a graph: using the free-moving cursor, tracing an equation, and zooming. Free-Moving Cursor The free-moving cursor works in graphing. In RectGC FORMAT FORMAT CoordOn are updated, and TRACE TRACE lets you move the cursor along the equation one...

  • Page 93: Chapter 5: Polar Graphing

    Chapter 5: Polar Graphing This chapter describes how to graph polar equations on the TI.82. Before doing polar graphing, you should be familiar with Chapter 3, Function Graphing. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Polar Rose ... Defining and Displaying a Polar Graph ...

  • Page 94: Getting Started: Polar Rose

    Getting Started: Polar Rose Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. The polar equation A sin Bq graphs a rose. Graph the rose for A=8 and B=2.5, and then explore the appearance of the rose for other values of A and B. 1.

  • Page 95: Defining And Displaying A Polar Graph

    Displaying Polar Equations After selecting Pol MODE On this screen, you display and enter polar equations. The TI.82 has six equations, each defined in terms of Defining Polar Equations Follow the same procedures as for equation. The independent variable in a polar equation is „, rather than pressing ƒ...
  • Page 96 Setting WINDOW Variables Press p to display the current WINDOW variables define the viewing standard values in qmin=0 qmax=6.2831853 qstep=.1308996 Xmin=-10 Xmax=10 Xscl=1 Ymin=-10 Ymax=10 Yscl=1 You may want to change the sufficient points are plotted. Setting the WINDOW FORMAT Press p ~ to display the current formats are shared with the other graphing modes.
  • Page 97 Displaying a Graph When you press s, the TI.82 plots the selected polar equations. It evaluates for each value of and then plots each point. As a graph is plotted, the TI.82 updates Smart Graph applies to polar graphs. Note that the free-moving cursor displays...

  • Page 98: Exploring A Polar Graph

    Exploring a Polar Graph As in function graphing, three tools are available for exploring a graph: using the free-moving cursor, tracing an equation, and zooming. Free-Moving Cursor The free-moving cursor works in graphing. In RectGC FORMAT FORMAT CoordOn are updated, and TRACE TRACE lets you move the cursor along the equation one...

  • Page 99: Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing

    Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing This chapter describes how to graph sequences on the TI.82. Before doing sequence graphing, you should be familiar with Chapter 3, Function Graphing. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Forest and Trees ... Defining and Displaying a Sequence Graph ...

  • Page 100: Getting Started: Forest And Trees

    Getting Started: Forest and Trees Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. A small forest contains 4000 trees. The new forestry plan is that each year 20% of the trees will be harvested and 1000 new trees will be planted. Will the forest disappear? Does it stabilize at a certain number of trees? If so, what is that number? 1.

  • Page 101: Defining And Displaying A Sequence Graph

    Defining and Displaying a Sequence Graph There are two sequence functions, U n and V n . Sequence functions can be defined in terms of the independent variable ( n ) or the prior item in the sequence function (U n-1 or V n-1 ). They also can be defined in terms of the prior term in the other sequence function.
  • Page 102 Selecting Sequence Functions Only the selected sequence functions are graphed. On selected functions sign is highlighted. You may select one or both of the functions on the sequence edit screen. To change the selection status of a sequence function, press | to move the cursor onto the Note: When you enter or edit either function, that function is selected automatically.
  • Page 103 GridOn AxesOn AxesOff LabelOff LabelOn Displaying a Graph As a graph is plotted, the TI.82 updates applies to sequence graphs. Time plots the sequence as a function of n . It evaluates value of n (from n calculates plots U n - V n - (dependent variables) on the vertical axis.

  • Page 104: Exploring A Sequence Graph

    Exploring a Sequence Graph As in Function graphing, three tools are available for exploring a graph: using the free-moving cursor, tracing a function, and zooming. Free-Moving Cursor The free-moving cursor works in graphing. In RectGC FORMAT FORMAT CoordOn , and are updated, and TRACE Time FORMAT...

  • Page 105: Chapter 7: Tables

    Chapter 7: Tables This chapter describes how to use tables on the TI.82. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Roots of a Function ... Defining the Variables ... Defining the Dependent Variable ... Displaying the Table ... Tables 7-1...

  • Page 106: Getting Started: Roots Of A Function

    Getting Started: Roots of a Function Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Evaluate the function Y=X sign changes are there and where do they occur? 1. Press y ã ä to display the TblSet screen. Press Ì to set @Tbl=1 .

  • Page 107: Defining The Variables

    Defining the Variables The independent variable for tables is the independent variable in the current graphing MODE. It is defined on the TABLE SETUP screen. TABLE SETUP Screen To display the TABLE SETUP TblMin and @Tbl (table minimum) applies when TblMin independent variable is automatically generated).

  • Page 108: Defining The Dependent Variable

    Defining the Dependent Variable The selected Y n functions define the dependent variables. You can have as many dependent variables as there are functions in the current graphing MODE. From the Y= Editor Enter the functions to define the dependent variables in the current graphing of the parametric equation.

  • Page 109: Displaying The Table

    Displaying the Table The table displays two independent values for up to seven dependent values. Once the table is displayed, you can use |, }, ~, and † to move around and scroll the table, displaying other independent variables and other dependent values.
  • Page 110 Displaying More Independent Values If you selected Indpnt: Auto values of the independent variable and the corresponding dependent variables. Note: You can scroll “back” from the value entered for scroll, is updated automatically to the value shown on the top line TblMin of the table.

  • Page 111: Chapter 8: Draw Operations

    Chapter 8: DRAW Operations This chapter describes how to use the DRAW operations of the TI.82. Before using the DRAW operations, you should be familiar with Chapter 3, Function Graphing. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Shading a Graph ... DRAW DRAW Drawing Lines ...

  • Page 112: Getting Started: Shading A Graph

    Getting Started: Shading a Graph Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Shade the area above the function Y=X+1 and below the function Y=X 1. Press o to see that all functions are deselected. 2. Press q to reset the graph screen to the standard viewing WINDOW...

  • Page 113: Draw Draw Menu

    DRAW DRAW Menu To display the DRAW DRAW menu, press y <. What happens when you select an item from this menu is dependent on whether or not a graph is displayed when you access the menu, as described under each operation. DRAW DRAW Menu DRAW POINTS STO 1: ClrDraw...

  • Page 114: Drawing Lines

    Drawing Lines While a graph is displayed, Line( lets you define a line on the graph using the cursor. If a graph is not displayed, the instruction is copied to the Home screen. Directly on a Graph 1. When a graph is displayed, select (item 2.

  • Page 115: Drawing Horizontal And Vertical Lines

    Drawing Horizontal and Vertical Lines While a graph is displayed, Horizontal and Vertical let you define lines on the graph using the cursor. If a graph is not displayed, the instruction is copied to the Home screen. Directly on a Graph 1.

  • Page 116: Drawing Tangent Lines

    Drawing Tangent Lines While a graph is displayed, you can draw the tangent line of a function at a specified point using the cursor. If a graph is not displayed, the instruction is copied to the Home screen. Directly on a Graph 1.

  • Page 117: Drawing Functions And Inverses

    Drawing Functions and Inverses DrawF (draw function) draws a function on the current graph. DrawInv (draw inverse) draws an inverse of a function on the current graph. Both instructions must be entered on the Home screen or in the program editor. Drawing a Function DrawF (draw function) (...

  • Page 118: Shading Areas On A Graph

    Shading Areas on a Graph Shade( shades the area on a graph that is both below one specified function and above another, between two X values. The instruction must be entered on the Home screen or in the program editor. Shading a Graph Shade( DRAW DRAW...

  • Page 119: Drawing Circles

    Drawing Circles While a graph is displayed, Circle( lets you define a circle on the graph using the cursor. If a graph is not displayed, the instruction is copied to the Home screen. Directly on a Graph 1. When a graph is displayed, select (item 2.

  • Page 120: Placing Text On A Graph

    1. When a graph is displayed, select 2. Position the cursor where you want the text to begin. 3. Type the characters. You may enter TI.82 functions and instructions. The font is proportional, so the exact number of characters you can place is variable.

  • Page 121: Using Pen To Draw On A Graph

    Using Pen to Draw on a Graph While a graph is displayed, Pen lets you draw directly on the graph with the cursor. Using Pen draws directly on a graph. It is not accessible from the Home screen or a program. 1.

  • Page 122: Drawing Points

    Drawing Points To display the DRAW POINTS menu, press y < ~. What happens when you select an item from this menu is dependent on whether or not a graph is displayed when you access the menu, as described under each operation. DRAW POINTS Menu DRAW POINTS STO 1: Pt-On(...

  • Page 123: Drawing Pixels

    The Pxl (pixel) operations let you turn on, turn off, or reverse a pixel (a dot) on the graph using the cursor. The instruction must be entered on the Home screen or in the program editor. TI.82 Pixels Turning Pixels On and Off The pixel instructions are not interactive.

  • Page 124: Storing And Recalling Graph Pictures

    Storing and Recalling Graph Pictures Press y < | to display the DRAW STO menu. You can store an image of the current display and superimpose that image onto a displayed graph at a later time from the Home screen or a program. DRAW STO Menu DRAW POINTS 1: StorePic...

  • Page 125: Storing And Recalling Graph Databases

    GDB3 GDB4 RecallGDB GDB 3. Press Í. The new graph database replaces the current one. The new graph is not plotted. (The TI.82 changes graphing automatically, if necessary.) Deleting a Graph Database Graph databases are deleted from memory through the (Chapter 15.)

  • Page 126: Clearing A Drawing

    Clearing a Drawing All points, lines, and shading drawn on a graph with DRAW operations are temporary. They remain only until you execute a ClrDraw (clear drawing) instruction or a change prompts Smart Graph to replot the graph, at which time all drawn elements are erased.

  • Page 127: Chapter 9: Split Screen

    Chapter 9: Split Screen On the TI.82, you can simultaneously display a graph (including a stat plot) and an editor such as the Home screen, Y= editor, list editor, or table editor. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Polynomial Coefficients ... Using Split Screen ...

  • Page 128: Getting Started: Polynomial Coefficients

    The graph does not change. 7. Press s to plot the new graph. This also moves the cursor to the upper window. Press ~ to see the free-moving cursor. 9-2 Split Screen ) ¹ (to select MODE screen. ZStandard ). The TI.82 WINDOW (just...

  • Page 129: Using Split Screen

    Using Split Screen Once you have selected split screen, it remains in effect until you change it. A split-screen display may be replaced temporarily by a full-screen display. When you press a key in split-screen MODE, the cursor automatically moves to the correct half of the display for that key.
  • Page 130 TI-82 Pixels DRAW Pixels Instructions The maximum value of row is 30 in the instructions and the Pxl-On( column DRAW Text Instruction The maximum value of row is 25 in the Split Text( column PRGM Output Instruction The maximum value of row is 4 in the...
  • Page 131 Chapter 10: Matrices This chapter describes the matrix features of the TI.82. The TI.82 can store up to five matrices. A matrix, depending on available memory, may have up to 99 rows or columns. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations ... 10-2 Defining a Matrix ...

  • Page 132: Getting Started: Systems Of Linear Equations

    Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Find the solution of x + 2y + 3z = 3 and 2x + 3y + 4z = 3. On the TI.82, you can solve a system of linear equations by entering the coefficients as elements in a matrix and then using the matrix row operations to obtain the reduced row echelon form.
  • Page 133 6. Press y ã ä to return to the Home screen. QUIT Begin on a blank line. Press Ž ~ to display the MATRX MATH the bottom items on the menu are shown, then select …row+( (item Home screen. 7. Press Ì ¢.

  • Page 134: Defining A Matrix

    Defining a Matrix A matrix is a two-dimensional array. You can display, enter, or edit a matrix in the matrix editor. The TI.82 has five matrix variables: ãAä, ãBä, ãCä, ãDä, or ãEä. You can define a matrix directly in an expression.

  • Page 135: Viewing Matrix Elements

    Viewing Matrix Elements After the dimensions of the matrix are set, the matrix can be viewed and values can be entered into the matrix elements. In a “new” matrix, all values are zero. Displaying Matrix Elements The center portion of the matrix editor displays up to seven rows and three columns of a matrix, showing the values of the elements in abbreviated form if necessary.

  • Page 136: Editing Matrix Elements

    Editing Matrix Elements The matrix editor has two “contexts,” viewing and editing. The current context determines the result of a keystroke. Viewing a Matrix In viewing context, you can move quickly from one matrix element to the next. The full value of the current element is displayed on the bottom line. Viewing Context Keys | or ~ †...
  • Page 137 Editing a Matrix Element In editing context, an edit cursor is active on the bottom line, and you can change the value of the current matrix element. 1. Use the cursor-movement keys to move the cursor to the matrix element you want to change. 2.

  • Page 138: About Matrices

    About Matrices On the Home screen or in a program, you can use, enter, store, and display matrices. Using a Matrix in an Expression To use a matrix in an expression, you may: ¦ Copy the name from the Recall the contents of the matrix into the expression with y [ ¦...
  • Page 139 Displaying a Matrix To display the contents of a matrix on the Home screen, copy the name from the MATRX NAMES If all of a matrix answer does not fit in the display, as indicated by ellipsis marks in the left or right column or and } to display the rest of the matrix.

  • Page 140: Matrix Math Functions

    Matrix Math Functions You can use many of the math functions on the keyboard, MATH MATH menu, and the MATH NUM menu with matrices. However, the dimensions must be appropriate. + (Add), – (Subtract) To add (Ã) or subtract (¹) matrices, the dimensions must be the same. The answer is a matrix in which the elements are the sum or difference of the individual elements.

  • Page 141: Operations

    round( round( MATH NUM matrix to #decimals. If #decimals is omitted, the elements are rounded to 10 digits. round( matrix #decimals round( matrix (Inverse) Use the function (—) to invert a matrix ( be square. The determinant cannot equal zero. matrix Powers To raise a matrix to a power, matrix must be square.
  • Page 142 MATRX MATH Operations Pressing Ž ~ accesses the matrix math operations on the MATRX MATH menu. MATRX MATH Menu NAMES MATH EDIT 1: det 3: dim 4: Fill( 5: identity 6: randM( 7: augment( 8: rowSwap( 9: row+( 0: …row( A: …row+( (determinant) returns the determinant (a real number) of a square matrix.

  • Page 143: Matrix Math

    Creating a Matrix with dim MATRIX MATH of dimensions rows × columns with all elements equal to zero. rows columns }!dim Redimensioning a Matrix with dim is used with ¿ to redimension existing matrixname to dimensions rows × columns. The elements in the old matrixname that are within the new dimensions are not changed.

  • Page 144: Operations

    augment( augment( MATRIX MATH number of rows in matrixA must equal the number of rows in matrixB. augment( matrixA Row Operations The row operations, which can be used in an expression, do not change matrix in memory. All row numbers and values can be entered as expressions.

  • Page 145: Chapter 11: Lists

    Chapter 11: Lists This chapter describes the list features of the TI.82. The TI.82 can store up to six lists. A list, depending on available memory, may have up to 99 elements. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Generating a Sequence ... 11-2 About Lists ...

  • Page 146: Getting Started: Generating Sequences

    Getting Started: Generating a Sequence Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Calculate the first eight terms of the sequence 1àN form. 1. Begin on a blank line on the Home screen. Press y ã ä to display the LIST menu.

  • Page 147: About Lists

    About Lists The TI.82 has six list variables in memory: L screen or in a program, you can use, enter, store, and display lists. The list names are on the keyboard. Using a List in an Expression To use a list in an expression, you may: ¦...
  • Page 148 Displaying a List To display the contents of a list on the Home screen, enter the name of the list and press Í. If all of a list answer does not fit in the display on the Home screen, as indicated by ellipsis marks in the left or right column, use ~ and | to display the rest of the list.
  • Page 149 Notes about Using Math Functions with Lists A list can be used to input several values for certain functions. (Other chapters and Appendix A state if a list is valid.) The function is evaluated for each element in the list, and a list is returned. ¦...

  • Page 150: List Ops Operations

    LIST OPS Operations Pressing y 9 accesses the list operations on the LIST OPS menu. LIST OPS Menu OPS MATH Sorts lists in ascending order. 1: SortA( Sorts lists in descending order. 2: SortD( 3: dim Accesses the list dimension. 4: Fill( Fills all elements with a constant.
  • Page 151 Accessing List Dimensions with dim (dimension) returns the length (number of elements) of list. list Creating a List with dim is used with ¿ to create new listname with dimension length. The elements are zeros. !dim length listname Redimensioning a List with dim is used with ¿...
  • Page 152 Fill( Fill( LIST OPS item Fill( value listname seq( (sequence, seq( LIST OPS the value of expression, evaluated at increments for variable from begin to end. seq( expression variable variable need not be defined in memory. increment can be negative. not valid in the expression.

  • Page 153: List Math Operations

    LIST MATH Operations Pressing y 9 ~ accesses the list math operations on the LIST MATH menu. LIST MATH Menu OPS MATH Returns minimum element of a list. 1: min( Returns maximum element of a list. 2: max( 3: mean( Returns mean of a list.
  • Page 154 (summation, list. list prod prod LIST MATH prod list Sums and Products of Numeric Sequences You can combine upper expression(x) x=lower (N–1) To evaluate G 2 11-10 Lists LIST MATH item ) returns the sum of the elements in item ) turns product of the elements of list.

  • Page 155: Chapter 12: Statistics

    Chapter 12: Statistics This chapter describes the tools for analyzing statistical data on the TI.82. These include entering lists of data, calculating statistical results, fitting data to a model, and plotting data. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Building Height and City Size ... 12 Setting Up a Statistical Analysis ...

  • Page 156: Getting Started: Building Height And City Size

    Getting Started: Building Height and City Size Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Determine a linear equation to fit the data below. Enter and plot the data and determine the best line, then predict how many buildings of more than 12 stories you would expect to find in a city of 300,000 people.
  • Page 157 5. Press ~ to move to the first element of list Í Í 6. Press Í Í Í to enter the elements 7. You can sort the data by size of city. Press … (to select SortA( , which is copied to the Home screen) y ã...
  • Page 158 After entering and sorting the data, set up the statistical calculations, then perform the calculations, storing the equations in the Y= list. 9. Press … ~ to display the 10. Press (to select SetUp... SET UP CALCS screen appears. 2-Var should be Ylist should be...
  • Page 159 13. Press (to select Statistics... display the VARS EQ 14. Press (to select RegEQ equation for the current model equation (which was calculated using 15. Press … ~ (to select instruction is copied to the Home screen. Press Í to calculate the least-squares linear regression.
  • Page 160 To plot statistical data, you must enter the data in lists and then define the plot. If you have done calculations to fit the data to one or more models and stored the resulting equations in the Y= list, the data and the equations can be shown and traced simultaneously.
  • Page 161 You can enter expressions to define lists in the STAT list editor. For example, you can define predicted values and residuals. 21. To tell which line better fits the data, look at the residuals for both models. Press … list editor. Press ~ ~ } to display the STAT move the cursor onto the name...
  • Page 162 You can use the TI.82 to compare different models on the same data set. 26. Press y ã STAT PLOT Press ~ Í to turn the plot off. Press y ã STAT PLOT Press Í to turn the plot on. Press † †...

  • Page 163: Setting Up A Statistical Analysis

    Setting Up a Statistical Analysis The data for statistical analyses is stored in lists. The TI.82 has six list variables in memory that you can use in stat calculations. Several types of statistical analyses are available. Steps 1. Enter the stat data in list(s) (pages 12.9 through 12.12).

  • Page 164: Viewing List Elements

    Viewing List Elements The STAT list editor has two “contexts,” viewing and editing. The current context determines the result of a keystroke. Viewing Context Keys In viewing context, you can move quickly from one list element to the next. The full value of the current element is displayed on the bottom line. | or ~ †...

  • Page 165: Editing List Elements

    Editing List Elements In the editing context, an edit cursor is active on the bottom line, and you can change the value of the current list element. You can also move onto the list name and edit the entire list at once. Editing Context Keys | or ~ ‘...

  • Page 166: Stat Edit Menu

    STAT EDIT Menu Pressing … accesses the STAT list editor and several instructions for use with lists. STAT EDIT Menu EDIT CALC Displays list editor (page 12.9). 1: Edit Sorts list in descending order. 2: SortA( 3: SortD( Sorts list in ascending order. Deletes all elements of list.

  • Page 167: Statistical Analysis

    Statistical Analysis Pressing … ~ accesses the STAT CALC menu, where you set up and perform statistical calculations. The TI.82 can analyze one-variable or two-variable statistics. Both can have associated frequencies. STAT CALC Menu EDIT CALC 1: 1-Var Stats 2: 2-Var Stats...

  • Page 168: Statistical Variables

    Statistical Variables The statistical variables are calculated as indicated below. Some are displayed when 1-Var Stats or 2-Var Stats are calculated. You can access these variables for use in expressions through the  Statistics... menus. If a list is edited or the type of analysis is changed, all statistical variables are cleared.

  • Page 169: Types Of Statistical Analysis

    Types of Statistical Analysis The SET UP CALCS settings are used for statistical analyses. You can override SET UP CALCS settings by specifying the name(s) of the list(s) and frequency after the statistical calculation instruction (Appendix A). 1-Var Stats 1-Var Stats (one-variable statistics, statistical variables as indicated on the previous page.
  • Page 170 LinReg (a+bx) LinReg (a+bx) (linear regression, model equation y=a+bx -intercept), (slope), and LnReg (logarithmic regression, LnReg model equation y=a+b ln(x) . It displays ln(x) ExpReg ExpReg (exponential regression, model equation y=ab ln(y) . It displays PwrReg PwrReg (power regression, equation y=ax using a least-squares fit and transformed values .

  • Page 171: Statistical Analysis In A Program

    Statistical Analysis in a Program You can enter statistical data, calculate statistical results, and fit data to models from a program. Entering Stat Data Enter statistical data into lists directly (Chapter 11). Statistical Calculations 1. On a blank line in the program editor, select the type of calculation from the STAT CALC 2.

  • Page 172: Statistical Plotting

    Statistical Plotting You can plot statistical data that you have entered in lists. The types of plots available include scatter plots, x-y lines, box-and-whisker plots, and histograms. You can define up to three plots at a time. Steps 1. Enter the stat data in list(s) (page 12.9 through 12.12 and Chapter 11). 2.
  • Page 173 Boxplot Boxplot plots one-variable data. The whiskers on the plot extend from the minimum data point in the set ( third quartile ( the median ( Box plots ignore Xmax . When two box plots are plotted, the first plots in the middle and the second plots in the bottom.
  • Page 174 Defining the Plots 1. Press y ã STAT PLOT definitions. 2. Select the plot to define ( 3. If you wish to plot the statistical data immediately, select define a plot at any time and leave it in the future. 4.
  • Page 175 Turning Plots Off or On PlotsOff PlotsOn screen or a program. Used without plot#, they turn all plots on or all plots off. Used with plot#, they turn specific plots on or off. PlotsOff PlotsOn PlotsOff plot# plot# PlotsOn plot# For example, PlotsOff:PlotsOn 3 Defining the Viewing WINDOW...

  • Page 176: Statistical Plotting In A Program

    Statistical Plotting in a Program You may define a plot, select or deselect a plot, and display a plot from a program Stat Plots To display a stat plot, you may define the plot(s), then turn on the plot(s), and then display the graph. (If you do not define the plot, the current definitions are used).

  • Page 177: Chapter 13: Programming

    Chapter 13: Programming This chapter describes specific programming instructions and how to enter and execute programs on the TI.82. Chapter Contents Getting Started: Family of Curves ... 13-2 82 Programs ... 13-4 About TI Creating and Executing Programs ... 13-5 Editing Programs ...

  • Page 178: Getting Started: Family Of Curves

    Getting Started: Family of Curves Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. A program is a set of commands that can be executed sequentially, as if they had been entered from the keyboard. Write a simple program to graph the family of curves 2 sin X, 4 sin X, and 6 sin X.
  • Page 179 7. Press y ã ä to return to the Home screen. QUIT 8. Press  to display the 9. Select SINES . The instruction copied to the Home screen. 10. Press Í to execute the instruction. The three curves are graphed immediately, then the dotted “pause”...

  • Page 180: About Programs

    About TI-82 Programs Most features of the TI.82 are accessible from programs. Programs can access all variables and named items. The number of programs that the TI.82 can store is limited only by available memory. Notes about Programs On the TI.82, programs are identified by names, up to eight characters, beginning with a letter.

  • Page 181: Creating And Executing Programs

    Creating and Executing Programs The program editor is accessed by pressing  and then choosing to create a new program or edit an existing program. Creating a New Program 1. Press  ~ ~ to display the 2. Enter the name you want for the program (the keyboard is in ALPHA-LOCK characters ( 3.

  • Page 182: Editing Programs

    You can make copies of programs. To recall a program, press y ã menu, then select the name of the program and press Í. 13-6 Programming ä to put the TI.82 in insert mode, and press Í. variables. WINDOW ä  | to display the...

  • Page 183: Prgm Ctl (Control) Instructions

    D: prgm E: Return F: Stop Controlling Program Flow Program control instructions tell the TI.82 which command to execute next in a program. While determine what command to execute next. condition frequently uses relational or Boolean tests (Chapter 2) such as If N=1 and M=1:Goto Z is used for testing and branching.
  • Page 184 If-Then Then following an (nonzero). identifies the end of the group. ( condition :Then command if true command if true :End command If-Then-Else following Else If-Then (zero). identifies the end of the group. ( condition :Then command if true command if true :Else command if false command if false...
  • Page 185 While While performs a group of commands while condition is true. condition is frequently a relational test (Chapter 2). condition is tested when encountered. If condition is true (nonzero), the program executes a group of commands. (zero), the program executes the commands following instructions can be nested.
  • Page 186 Pause Pause suspends execution of the program so you can see answers or graphs. During the pause, the dotted pause indicator displays. Press Í to resume execution. ( ¦ Pause with no value temporarily pauses the program. If the instruction DispGraph displayed.
  • Page 187 Menu( Menu( sets up branching within a program. If execution, the menu screen is displayed with the specified menu items, the dotted-bar pause indicator displays, and execution pauses until a menu selection is made. ( The menu title is enclosed in (text enclosed between label to which to branch if that selection is made).
  • Page 188 Return Return quits the subroutine and returns to the calling program (page 18), even if encountered within nested loops. (Any loops are ended.) There is an implied subroutine. Within the main program, it stops execution and returns to the Home screen. ( PRGM CTL Stop Stop...

  • Page 189: Prgm I/O (Input/Output) Instructions

    PRGM I/O (Input/Output) Instructions The PRGM I/O (program input/output) instructions can be accessed only from within the program editor (press  ~). They control input to and output from a program during execution. They allow you to enter values and display answers during program execution.
  • Page 190 Disp ¦ Disp (display) with no value displays the Home screen. ¦ Disp with one or more values displays text and values. Displaying the Home Screen Disp with no value displays the Home screen. Disp Displaying Values and Messages Disp with one or more values displays the value of each.
  • Page 191 Prompt During execution . Enter a value and then press Í for each variable. The values are stored, and the program resumes execution. ( Prompt variableA For example, Prompt Xmin,Xmax,Ymin,Ymax values for the viewing If an expression is entered in response to evaluated and then stored.
  • Page 192 getKey getKey returns a number corresponding to the last key pressed, according to the diagram below. If no key has been pressed, it returns 0. be used inside loops to transfer control; for example, to create video games. ( PRGM I/O Note: You can press É...
  • Page 193 Get( Get( gets the contents of variable on another TI.82 and stores it to variable on the receiving TI.82. variable may be a number, list, list element, matrix, matrix element, used to get data from an external compatible device. (...

  • Page 194: Calling Other Programs

    Calling Other Programs On the TI.82, any program can be called from another program as a subroutine. Enter the name of the program to use as a subroutine on a line by itself. Calling a Program from Another Program To call one program from another, begin on a blank line in the program editor and do one of the following: Press ...
  • Page 195 Chapter 14: Applications This chapter contains application examples that incorporate features described in the preceding chapters. Several of the examples use programs. Chapter Contents Left-Brain, Right-Brain Test Results ... 14 Speeding Tickets ... 14 Buying a Car, Now or Later? ... 14 Graphing Inequalities ...

  • Page 196: Left-Brain, Right-Brain Test Results

    (which are controlled by the right side of the brain) versus their right hands (which are controlled by the left side of the brain). The TI Graphics team decided to conduct a similar test for adult men and women.
  • Page 197 6. Press q (to select and displays the box plots for the women’s results (left on top). 7. Press r and examine What is the median for the left hand? For the right hand? Does it appear that the women guessed correctly more often with the left or right hand? 8.

  • Page 198: Speeding Tickets

    Speeding Tickets The fine for speeding in your area is 50 plus 5 per kilometer per hour over the limit for the first 10 kilometers, plus 10 per kilometer per hour for the next 10 kilometers, plus 20 per kilometer thereafter. Graph the piecewise function that describes the cost of the ticket in a 45-kilometer-per-hour zone.

  • Page 199: Buying A Car, Now Or Later

    Buying a Car, Now or Later? You have identified the car you would like to buy, which costs 8,000. You can afford payments of 250 per month. You can either borrow the money at 10% annual interest (compounded monthly) and buy the car now, or invest the payments at 6% and pay cash for the car later.

  • Page 200: Graphing Inequalities

    Graphing Inequalities Examine the inequality explore the values of X where the inequality is true and where it is false. Procedure 1. Press z. Select STAT PLOT 2. Press o. Turn off all functions. Enter the left side of the inequality as and the right side as =.4X –3X+5...

  • Page 201: Solving A System Of Nonlinear Equations

    Solving a System of Nonlinear Equations Solve the equation X –2X=2cosX graphically. Stated another way, solve the system of two equations and two unknowns: Y=X ZOOM factors to control the decimal places displayed on the graph. Procedure 1. Press z. Select the default and turn off all stat plots.

  • Page 202: Program: Sierpinski Triangle

    Program: Sierpinski Triangle This program creates a drawing of a famous fractal, the Sierpinski Triangle, and stores the drawing in a picture. Program PROGRAM:SIERPINS :FnOff :ClrDraw :PlotsOff :AxesOff Xmin:1 Xmax Ymin:1 Ymax :rand X:rand :For(K,1,3000) :rand :If N1à3 :Then :.5X :.5Y :End :If 1à3<N and N...

  • Page 203: Cobweb Attractors

    Cobweb Attractors Using Web WINDOW FORMAT, you can identify points with attracting and repelling behavior in sequence graphing. Procedure 1. Press z. Select Press y [ STAT PLOT 2. Press o. Enter the sequence. ( U n =KU n - (1–U n - 3.

  • Page 204: Program: Guess The Coefficients

    Program: Guess the Coefficients This program graphs the function A sin BX with random integer coefficients between 1 and 10. You then try to guess the coefficients and graph your guess as C sin DX. The program continues until your guess is correct. Program PROGRAM:GUESS :PlotsOff :Func...

  • Page 205: The Unit Circle And Trigonometric Curves

    The Unit Circle and Trigonometric Curves You can use the parametric graphing feature of the TI.82 to show the relationship between the unit circle and any trigonometric curve. Problem Graph the unit circle and the sine curve to demonstrate graphically the relationship between them.

  • Page 206: Ferris Wheel Problem

    Ferris Wheel Problem Use two pairs of parametric equations to describe two objects in motion, a person on a ferris wheel and a ball thrown to that person. Determine when the two objects are closest. Problem The ferris wheel has a diameter of 20 meters (d) and is rotating counterclockwise at a rate of one revolution every 12 seconds (s).
  • Page 207 5. Press s to graph the equations and watch closely as they are plotted. Notice that the ball and the passenger on the ferris wheel appear to be closest near where the paths cross in the upper right quadrant of the ferris wheel. 6.

  • Page 208: Reservoir Problem

    Reservoir Problem On the TI.82, parametric graphing can be used to animate a process, providing valuable insight into dynamic problems such as water flow out of a reservoir. Problem A new park has a series of waterfalls, fountains, and pools (reservoirs). The height of one of the reservoirs is 2 meters.
  • Page 209 4. Repeat step 3 to create three more pairs of equations using the heights 1.00 1.50 , and 1.75 meters. 5. Press p. Set the viewing Tmin = 0 Tmax = ‡(4à9.8) Tstep = .01 6. Press q and select variables to include the viewing providing a realistic (proportional) visual representation of the water jets.

  • Page 210: Predator-Prey Model

    Predator-Prey Model Use sequence graphing on the TI.82 to explore the well-known predator-prey model in biology. Determine the numbers of rabbits and wolves that maintain population equilibrium in a certain region. Problem = Number of rabbits. = Growth rate of rabbits if there are no wolves.
  • Page 211 5. Enter the program: PROGRAM:ORBIT :ClrDraw:FnOff :PlotsOff :Dot :Un(1,99,1)!L :Vn(1,99,1)!L :Un(100,198,1)!L :Vn(100,198,1)!L :Un(199,297,1)!L :Vn(199,297,1)!L :min(L1)-10!Xmin :max(L1)+10!Xmax :10!Xscl :min(L )-10!Ymin :max(L )+10!Ymax :10!Yscl :For(I,1,99) :Pt-On(L (I),L (I)) :End :For(I,1,99) :Pt-On(L (I),L (I)) :End :For(I,1,99) :Pt-On(L (I),L (I)) :End 6. Execute prgmORBIT axis) and wolves ( cursor to explore the number of rabbits and wolves.

  • Page 212: Fundamental Theorem Of Calculus

    Fundamental Theorem of Calculus The TI.82 can graph functions that are defined by integrals or derivatives, using the functions fnInt( and nDeriv( from the MATH MATH menu. Problem 1 Demonstrate graphically that ‰ F(x) = 1àt dt = ln(x), x>0 and that [ ‰...
  • Page 213 Problem 2 Explore the functions defined by ‰ ‰ Procedure 2 1. Press o. Turn off all functions. On the TI.82, the three functions above can be defined simultaneously using a list. =fnInt(T ,T,{M2,0,2},X) 2. Press z. Select 3. Press q 4.

  • Page 214: Finding The Area Between Curves

    Finding the Area between Curves Find the area of the region bounded by: f(x) = 300 x à (x + 625) g(x) = 3 cos x = 75 Procedure 1. Press z. Select the default functions. Press y [ 2. Press p. Set the viewing Xmin = 0 Xmax = 100 Xscl = 10...

  • Page 215: Chapter 15: Memory Management

    Chapter 15: Memory Management This chapter describes how to manage memory on the TI.82. To increase the amount of memory available for use, occasionally you may want to delete from memory items that you are no longer using. You also can reset the calculator, erasing all data and programs.

  • Page 216: Checking Available Memory

    Checking Available Memory The MEMORY Check RAM screen displays the total amount of available memory and the amount of memory used by each variable type. This allows you to determine the amount of memory available for new items such as programs and the amount used by old items that you no longer need.

  • Page 217: Deleting Items From Memory

    Deleting Items from Memory You can delete the contents of any variable (real number, list, matrix, Y= function), program, picture, or graph database from memory to increase available memory. Deleting an Item 1. Press y ã 2. Select Delete... 3. Select the type of item that you want to delete. (If you select of all items is displayed.) A screen appears listing all variables of that type and the amount used by each.

  • Page 218: Resetting The Ti.82

    Resetting the TI-82 Resetting the TI.82 restores memory to the factory settings, including deleting the contents of all variables and programs and resetting all system variables to the original settings. Because you can increase available memory by deleting individual items, you should rarely need to reset the TI.82.

  • Page 219: Chapter 16: Communication Link

    Chapter 16: Communication Link The TI.82 has a port to let you communicate with another TI.82, with a compatible device such as a CBL 2é /CBLé or CBRé, or with a PC or Macintoshë. This chapter describes how to communicate with another TI.82.

  • Page 220: Getting Started: Sending Variables

    Getting Started: Sending Variables Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Create and store a variable and a random matrix and then transfer them to another TI.82. 1. On the Home screen, press Í. 2. Press Ž ~ (to select ¤...

  • Page 221: Ti.82 Link

    TI-82 LINK The TI.82 communication capability lets you share variables and programs or entire memory backup with another TI.82 or with a personal computer. You can print TI.82 screens on a printer connected to a computer. Linking to Another TI-82 The software for one TI.82 to communicate with another is built into the...

  • Page 222: Selecting Items

    You can send individual items (variables), all items, or a memory backup from one TI.82 to another. To transmit from the TI.82, you first select what you want to send. The transmission does not begin until you select from the TRANSMIT menu.

  • Page 223: Selecting Items To Send

    Selecting Items to Send 1. Press y ã LINK 2. For convenience, you can display the individual items with all of them selected, none of them selected, or the ones from the last transmission selected. ¦ SelectAll+ ¦ SelectAll– ¦ SelectCurrent SELECT deselect individual items.

  • Page 224: Transmitting Items

    Be sure that the receiving unit is set to select Transmit The name and type of each item is displayed, one per line, as the TI.82 tries to transmit it. After transmission is complete for all items, displayed. Press } and † to scroll through the names.

  • Page 225: Receiving Items

    Receiving Items Items are not transmitted until the receiving unit is ready. If the receiving unit already has a variable with that name, you have the opportunity to overwrite it, skip it, or save it to a new name. Receiving Unit When you select Receive and the message...

  • Page 226: Backing Up Memory

    Backing Up Memory Backup transmits all items in memory to the receiving unit. Memory Backup To copy the exact contents of memory in the sending unit to the memory of the receiving unit, put the other unit in from the menu.

  • Page 227: Appendix A: Tables

    Appendix A: Tables This appendix provides a list of all the TI.82 functions that you can use in expressions and all the TI.82 instructions that you can use on the Home screen and in programs. Appendix Contents Table of Functions and Instructions ... A-2 Menu Map ...
  • Page 228 Table of Functions and Instructions Functions (F) return a value, list, or matrix and can be used in an expression; instructions (I) initiate an action. Some, but not all, have arguments. that the instruction is available only in the program editor. value list matrix...
  • Page 229 ClrHome ClrList listA listB . . . ClrTable Connected CoordOff CoordOn value list value list cosh value cosh list cosh value cosh list Cube: value Cube: list Cube: matrix ‡ Cube root: value Cube root: ‡ list Clears the Home screen. Clears all values from listA, listB, .
  • Page 230 CubicReg CubicReg Xlist Ylist CubicReg Xlist Ylist Flist 8Dec value list 8Dec 8Dec matrix Degree ¡ Degree notation: angle DependAsk DependAuto matrix list matrix !dim length listname }!dim matrixname Disp valueA valueB . . . Disp DispGraph DispTable A-4 Tables Fits data to cubic model using lists from SET UP...
  • Page 231 à Division: valueA valueB Division: list à value à Division: value list Division: listA à listB 8DMS answer DrawF expression DrawInv expression DS<( variable value commandA commands power list Else If:Then:Else Equal: valueA valueB Equal: listA listB Equal: matrixA matrixB Returns valueA divided by valueB.
  • Page 232 Exponent: value exponent Exponent: list exponent Exponent: matrix exponent ExpReg ExpReg Xlist Ylist ExpReg Xlist Ylist Flist Factorial: value Factorial: list Fill( value matrixname Fill( value listname Float expression variable fMax( lower upper fMax( expression variable lower upper tolerance A-6 Tables Returns value times 10 to the exponent.
  • Page 233 fMin( expression variable lower upper fMin( expression variable lower upper tolerance fnInt( expression variable lower upper fnInt( expression variable lower upper tolerance FnOff FnOff funcA funcB . . . FnOn FnOn funcA funcB . . . For( variable begin commands . . . :End For( variable...
  • Page 234 fPart matrix value 8Frac 8Frac list 8Frac matrix FullScreen Func Get( variable getKey Goto label Greater than: valueA > valueB Greater than: listA > listB Greater than or equal: ‚ valueA valueB Greater than or equal: listA ‚ listB GridOff GridOn Horizontal identity...
  • Page 235 condition commandA commands condition :Then: commands :End condition :Then: commands :Else: commands :End IndpntAsk IndpntAuto Input Input variable string variable Input " ", value list matrix Inverse: value Inverse: list Inverse: matrix iPart value iPart list iPart matrix IS>( variable value commandA commands...
  • Page 236 LabelOff LabelOn label Less than: valueA<valueB Less than: listA<listB Less than or equal: valueAvalueB Less than or equal: listAlistB Line( Line( LinReg(a+bx) LinReg(ax+b) LinReg(a+bx) Xlist Ylist Xlist Ylist LinReg(ax+b) LinReg(a+bx) Xlist Ylist LinReg(ax+b) Xlist Ylist value list LnReg LnReg Xlist Ylist A-10 Tables Sets axis label...
  • Page 237 LnReg Xlist Ylist Flist value list max( valueA valueB max( list max( listA listB mean( list mean( list Flist Med.Med Xlist Ylist Med.Med Med.Med Xlist Ylist Flist median( list median( list Flist Menu(" title "," text ", label " text ", label .
  • Page 238 Minute notation: degrees minutes seconds Multiplication: … valueA valueB Multiplication: … value list Multiplication: … list value Multiplication: listA … listB Multiplication: … value matrix Multiplication: matrixA … matrixB items number nDeriv( expression variable value nDeriv( expression variable value Negation: value Negation: list...
  • Page 239 Normal value ƒ Not equal: valueA valueB ƒ Not equal: listA listB Not equal: matrixA ƒ matrixB items number 1.Var Stats 1.Var Stats Xlist 1.Var Stats Xlist Flist valueA valueB Output( line column ," text line column value Output( Sets normal display MODE Returns 0 if value is ƒ...
  • Page 240 Pause Pause value Plot type Xlist Ylist mark Plot type Xlist Flist PlotsOff PlotsOff plot# plot# . . . PlotsOn . . . PlotsOn plot# plot# PolarGC Power of ten: value Power of ten: list Powers: value^power Powers: list^power Powers: value^list Powers: matrix^power prgm name...
  • Page 241 prod list Prompt varA varB . . . P8Rx( P8Ry( Pt.Change( Pt.Off( Pt.On( PwrReg PwrReg Xlist Ylist PwrReg Xlist Ylist Flist Pxl.Change( column Pxl.Off( column Pxl.On( column pxl.Test( column QuadReg Xlist Ylist QuadReg QuadReg Xlist Ylist Flist Returns product of list elements.
  • Page 242 QuartReg QuartReg Xlist Ylist QuartReg Xlist Ylist Flist angle Radian rand randM( rows columns RecallGDB GDB RecallPic Pic RectGC Repeat condition commands :End Return ‡ root value ‡ root list list ‡ value ‡ listA listB round( value round( value #decimals round( list...
  • Page 243 round( list #decimals round( matrix round( matrix #decimals rowSwap( matrix rowA rowB row+( matrix rowA rowB …row( value matrix …row+( value matrix rowA rowB R8Pr( R8Pq( Send( variable seq( expression variable begin increment Sequential Returns list elements rounded to #decimals (9).
  • Page 244 Shade( lowerfunc upperfunc Shade( lowerfunc upperfunc resolution Shade( lowerfunc upperfunc resolution Xleft lowerfunc upperfunc Shade( resolution Xleft Xright Simul value list value list sinh value sinh list value sinh sinh list solve( expression variable guess A-18 Tables Shade area above lowerfunc and below upperfunc.
  • Page 245 solve( expression variable guess lower upper SortA( listname SortA( listnameI listnameD listnameD SortD( listname SortD( listnameI listnameD listnameD Split Square root: ‡ value ‡ Square root: list Squaring: value Squaring: list Squaring: matrix Stop Store: value variable StoreGDB GDB StorePic Pic Subtraction: valueA–valueB Subtraction:...
  • Page 246 Subtraction: listA–listB Subtraction: matrixA–matrixB list value list value list Tangent( expression value tanh value tanh list tanh value tanh list Text( column valueA valueB . . . Then If:Then Time Trace Transpose: matrix A-20 Tables Subtracts listB elements from listA elements. Subtracts matrixB elements from matrixA elements.
  • Page 247 2-Var Stats 2-Var Stats Xlist Ylist 2-Var Stats Xlist Ylist Flist Vertical While condition commands :End valueA valueB ZBox ZDecimal ZInteger Zoom In Zoom Out ZoomRcl ZoomSto ZoomStat ZPrevious ZSquare ZStandard ZTrig Performs two-variable analysis using lists from menu. (I) SET UP CALCS Performs two-variable analysis using Xlist and...
  • Page 248 TI-82 Menu Map Menus begin in the upper left of the keyboard. Default values are shown. ÚÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ (Func MODE) (Par MODE) ÚÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ (Func MODE) (Par MODE) WINDOW WINDOW Xmin=-10 Tmin=0 Xmax=10 Tmax=p…2 Xscl=1 Tstep=pà24 Ymin=-10 Xmin=-10 Ymax=10 Xmax=10 Yscl=1 Xscl=1...
  • Page 249 y ã ä CALC ÚÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ (Func MODE) (Par MODE) CALCULATE CALCULATE 1:value 1:value 2:root 2:dy/dx 3:minimum 3:dy/dt 4:maximum 4:dx/dt 5:intersect 6:dy/dx 7:‰f(x)dx y ã ä TblSet ÚÄÄÄÙ TABLE SETUP TblMin=0 @Tbl=1 Indpnt: Auto Ask Depend: Auto Ask y ã ä STAT PLOT ÚÄÄÄÄÄÙ...
  • Page 250 y ã ä LIST ÚÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ MATH 1:SortA( 1:min( 2:SortD( 2:max( 3:dim 3:mean( 4:Fill( 4:median( 5:seq( 5:sum 6:prod  ÚÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ MATH 1:8Frac 1:round( 2:8Dec 2:iPart 3:fPart ‡ 4:int 5: x ‡ 5:min( 6:fMin( 6:max( 7:fMax( 8:nDeriv( 9:fnInt( 0:solve( y ã ä TEST ÚÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿...
  • Page 251  ÚÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ EXEC EDIT 1:name 1:name 2:name 2:name 3:name 3:name  ÚÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ (PRGM editor) (PRGM editor) 1:If 1:Input 2:Then 2:Prompt 3:Else 3:Disp 4:For( 4:DispGraph 5:While 5:DispTable 6:Repeat 6:Output( 7:End 7:getKey 8:Pause 8:ClrHome 9:Lbl 9:ClrTable 0:Goto 0:PrintScreen A:IS>( A:Get( B:DS<( B:Send( C:Menu( D:prgm E:Return...
  • Page 252  ÚÙ VARS 1:Window… 2:Zoom… 3:GDB… 4:Picture… 5:Statistics… 6:Table…  ÚÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄ (Window…) (Window…) 1:Xmin 1:Tmin 2:Xmax 2:Tmax 3:Xscl 3:Tscl 4:Ymin 4:qmin 5:Ymax 5:qmax 6:Yscl 6:qstep 7:@X 8:@Y 9:XFact 0:YFact ÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄ (Zoom…) (GDB…) 1:ZUnStart 1:GDB1 2:ZVnStart 2:GDB2 3:ZnStart 3:GDB3 4:ZnMin 4:GDB4 5:ZnMax 5:GDB5 6:GDB6...
  • Page 253 y ã ä Y-VARS ÚÄÄÙ Y-Vars 1:Function… 2:Parametric… 3:Polar… 4:Sequence… 5:On/Off… y ã ä Y-VARS ÚÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ (Function…) (Parametric…) FUNCTION PARAMETRIC y ã y ã ä ÚÄÄÙ MEMORY (Check RAM…) 1:Check RAM… MEM FREE 28754 2:Delete… Real 3:Reset… List Matrix Y-Vars Prgm (Polar…) ä...
  • Page 254 Table of Variables The variables listed below are used by the TI.82 in various ways. Some have restrictions on their use. User Variables The variables through to them. However, the TI.82 can update so you may wish to avoid using these variables for nongraphing activities.

  • Page 255: Appendix B: Reference Information

    Appendix B: Reference Information This appendix provides supplemental information that may be helpful as you use the TI.82. It includes procedures that may help you correct problems with the calculator. Appendix Contetns Battery Information In Case of Difficulty Accuracy Information...

  • Page 256: Battery Information

    Battery Information The TI.82 uses two types of batteries: four AAA alkaline batteries and a lithium battery as a backup for retaining memory while you change the AAA batteries. When to Replace the Batteries As the batteries run down, the display begins to dim (especially during calculations), and you must adjust the contrast to a higher setting.
  • Page 257 Replacing the Batteries 1. Turn off the calculator. Replace the slide cover over the keyboard to avoid inadvertently turning on the calculator. Turn the back of the calculator toward you. 2. Hold the calculator upright. Place your thumb on the oval indentation on the battery cover.

  • Page 258: In Case Of Difficulty

    4. If the dotted bar busy indicator is displayed, a graph or program is paused and the TI.82 is waiting for input. 5. If the calculator does not appear to be working at all, be sure the batteries are installed properly and that they are fresh.

  • Page 259: Accuracy Information

    Accuracy Information To maximize accuracy, the TI.82 carries more digits internally than it displays. Computational Accuracy Values in memory are stored using up to 14 digits with a 2-digit exponent. ¦ You can store a value in the digits for Xscl ¦...
  • Page 260 Function Limits Function arcsin arccos sinh cosh tanh sinh cosh tanh ‡ Function Results Function B-6 Reference Information Range of Input Values 0  | x | < 10 (radian or degree) L1  x  1 L100 < x < 10 <...

  • Page 261: Error Conditions

    Error Conditions When the TI.82 detects an error, it displays ERR: message and the error menu. The general procedure for correcting errors is described on page 1.22. Each error type, including possible causes and suggestions for correction, are shown below.
  • Page 262 You are attempting to use an invalid function in an argument to a function; for example, ¦ INCREMENT The increment in error does not occur during graphing. The TI.82 allows for undefined values on a graph. ¦ The increment for a loop is INVALID You are attempting to reference a variable or use a function in a place where it is not valid.
  • Page 263 A singular matrix (determinate = 0) is not valid as the argument for ¦ You are attempting a polynomial regression with lists that are not appropriate This error does not occur during graphing. The TI.82 allows for undefined values on a graph. Goto instruction is not defined with a Then...
  • Page 264 WINDOW correctly, which can occur if you attempt to zoom in or out so far that you are not within the numerical range of the calculator. ZOOM A point or a line, rather than a box, is defined in math error resulted from a...

  • Page 265: Support And Service Information

    For technical questions, call the Programming Assistance Group of Customer Support: phone: Customers outside the U.S., Canada, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands Contact TI by e-mail or visit the TI e-mail: Internet: Product Service Customers in the U.S. and Canada Only Always contact Texas Instruments Customer Support before returning a product for service.

  • Page 266: Warranty Information

    TI strongly recommends that you insure the product for value prior to mailing. Software. Software is licensed, not sold. TI and its licensors do not warrant that the software will be free from errors or meet your specific requirements. All software is provided “AS IS.”...
  • Page 267 TI strongly recommends that you insure the product for value if you mail it. Software. Software is licensed, not sold. TI and its licensors do not warrant that the software will be free from errors or meet your specific requirements.

  • Page 268: Index

    Index - A - variable, 12-14 to 12-16, A-28 ãAä matrix, 10-4, 10-8, 10-9, A-28 , 2-4, 10-10, A-2 Absolute value, 2-4, 10-10, A-2 Accuracy, 3-13, B-4, B-5 Addition: , 2-3, 10-10, A-2 ALPHA ALPHA-LOCK , 1-8 , 2-16, A-2 ¡...
  • Page 269 - C (Cont.) - Clearing (Cont.) display, 1-8 drawing, 8-16 expression, 1-8 Home screen, 1-8 list, 12-10 to 12-12 matrix, 10-6, 10-7 menu, 2, 1-17 table, 7-6 ClrDraw , 3-24, 8-3, 8-16, A-2 ClrHome , 13-13, 13-15, 13-17, A-3 , 12-12, A-3 ClrList ClrTable , 7-6, 13-13, 13-17, A-3...
  • Page 270 - D (Cont.) - 8DMS , 2-13, 2-14, A-5 DOMAIN error, B-7 , 1-9, 1-11, 3-4, A-5 Dot MODE DRAW menu, 8-3 to 8-11 Drawing DrawF , 8-7, A-5 function, 8-7 inverse function, 8-7 lines, 8-4 tfo 8-6 on a graph, 8-1 to 8-16 pixels, 8-13 points, 8-12 stat data, 12-6 to 12-8, 12-18 to 12-22...
  • Page 271 - F (Cont.) - , 13-7 to 13-9, A-7, B-8 For( FORMAT . See WINDOW , 2-9, 10-11, A-7, A-8 fPart Fractional part, 2-9, 10-11, A-7, A-8 Fractions, 2-5 8Frac , 2-5, 11-2, A-8 Free-moving cursor, 3-13, 4-6, 5-6, 6-4 (frequency), 12-20 Freq Friendly...
  • Page 272 - I (Cont.) - –1 Inverse: , 2-3, 10-11, A-9 hyperbolics, 2-11 functions, 8-3, A-5, B-8 logs, 2-4 matrices, 10-11 trigs, 2-3 iPart , 2-9, 2-10, 10-11, A-9 IS>( , 13-7, 13-10, A-9 ITERATIONS error, B-7 - L - n (lists), 11-2 to 11-5, A-28 error, B-8 LABEL LabelOff...
  • Page 273 - M (Cont.) - Menus (Cont.) LIST MATH , 11-9, 11-10 , 11-6 to 11-8 LIST OPS MATH , 2-2 to 2-12 MATRX EDIT , 10-4 MATRX MATH , 10-12 to 10-14 MATRIX NAMES , 10-8, 10-9 , 15-2 to 15-4 MATH ), 2-9, 2-10 ), 8-12, 8-13...
  • Page 274 - P (Cont.) - menu, 8-12, 8-13 POINTS (DRAW) Pol MODE , 1-9, 1-11, 3-4, 5-3, A-14 Polar coordinates, 3-10, 4-6, 5-6, 6-5, A-14 Polar graphing, 1-19, 5-1 to 5-6 PolarGC , 3-10, 4-6, 5-6, 6-5, A-14 Polar to rectangular, 2-13, 2-14, A-15 Polynomial fit/regression, 12-15 Power of ten: , 2-4, A-14, B-5...
  • Page 275 - S - plot, 12-18, 12-20 to 12-22 Scatter Sci MODE , 1-7, 1-9, 1-10, A-17 Scientific notation, 1-7, 1-9, 1-10, A-17 , 1-8 SELECT LINK ) screen, 16-5 SelectAll+ SelectAll- , 16-5 SelectCurrent , 16-5 Selecting from a menu, 2, 1-17 Selecting functions, 1-19 Send( , 13-13, 13-17, A-17...
  • Page 276 , 10-12, A-20 Trig functions, 2-3 Tstep , 4-4, 4-5, B-4, B-9 Turning functions on and off, 1-19 Turning the TI.82 on and off, 1-2 2-Var Stats , 12-13, 12-14, A-21 Two-variable statistics, 12-13, 12-14 - U - , 1-19, 6-2 to 6-6, 11-8, A-28...
  • Page 277 - Y - , 12-14, A-28 , 3-8, 4-5, 4-6, 5-5, 5-6, 6-5, 6-6, A-28, Y-VARS menu, 1-19 n, 1-19, 3-5 to 3-7, 13-15, A-28 , 12-14, 12-15, A-28 functions, 1-19, A-28 editor, 1-19, 3-5 to 3-7, 4-3, 5-3, 6-3, 7-4, A-28 functions.

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